Glossary of Bio-Medical Terms
F
RETURN TO INDEX F Factor
AN = sex factor of bacteria
MS = A plasmid whose presence in the cell, either extrachromosomal or integrated into the bacterial chromosome, determines the "sex" of the bacterium, host chromosome mobilization, transfer via conjugation of genetic material, and the formation of sex pili.
UI = D005144
Fabavirus
AN = a genus of plant viruses; from FABA (Latin for bean) virus; coord IM with specific plant /virol (IM or NIM)
MS = A genus of the family COMOVIRIDAE with a wide host range among dicotyledons and some monocotyledons. They are transmitted nonpersistently by aphids. The type species is broad bean wilt virus 1.
UI = D019181
Fabry Disease
AN = a lysosomal storage dis; do not coord with INFANT, NEWBORN, DISEASES; do not confuse X ref ANDERSON-FABRY DISEASE with ANDERSEN'S DISEASE see GLYCOGEN STORAGE DISEASE TYPE IV CATALOG: do not use /in inf
MS = Lysosomal storage disease caused by a deficiency of alpha-galactosidase A and resulting in an accumulation of globotriaosylceramide in the renal and cardiovascular systems. The disease is X-linked and is characterized by telangiectatic skin lesions, renal failure, and disturbances of the cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, and central nervous systems.
UI = D000795
Face
AN = usually NIM as site; soft parts = FACE, bones = FACIAL BONES or specifics; /abnorm permitted but FACIAL BONES /abnorm is more likely; facial fractures: see note on FACIAL BONES; craniofacial dysmorphism & craniofacial fibrous dysplasia & long face syndrome: see note also on FACIAL BONES
MS = The anterior, or ventral, aspect of the head from the forehead to the chin, inclusive. It refers to the face as a part of the head with particular reference to the soft parts, as opposed to the bony structure referred to as FACIAL BONES. (From Dorland, 28th ed)
UI = D005145
Facial Asymmetry
AN = congen or acquired; if congen use /congen; do not confuse with FACIAL HEMIATROPHY; since asymmetry is lateral, long face syndrome does not go here: index under FACIAL BONES /abnorm (IM) + MALOCCLUSION or specific type (IM) + SYNDROME (NIM)
MS = Congenital or acquired asymmetry of the face.
UI = D005146
Facial Bones
AN = consider specifics; do not confuse with FACE (locational & soft tissue) or its specifics; /abnorm: consider also CRANIOFACIAL ABNORMALITIES; fractures: coord FACIAL BONES /inj (IM) + SKULL FRACTURES (IM); neopl: coord IM + SKULL NEOPLASMS; craniofacial dysmorphism: index under CRANIOFACIAL ABNORMALITIES; long face syndrome: index under FACIAL BONES /abnorm (IM) + MALOCCLUSION or specific type (IM) + SYNDROME (NIM); craniofacial dysplasia or craniofacial fibrous dysplasia: index under FACIAL BONES (IM) + SKULL (IM) + FIBROUS DYSPLASIA, POLYOSTOTIC (IM)
MS = The facial skeleton, consisting of bones situated between the cranial base and the mandibular region. While some consider the facial bones to comprise the hyoid, palatine, and zygomatic bones, mandible, and maxilla, others include also the lacrimal and nasal bones, inferior nasal concha, and vomer but exclude the hyoid bone. (Jablonski, Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992, p113)
UI = D005147
Facial Dermatoses
AN = consider synonym for dermatitis of face & do not add DERMATITIS unless one of the specific DERMATITIS terms in MeSH; does not include neopl of face ( = FACIAL NEOPLASMS)
UI = D005148
Facial Expression
AN = human & animal; a psychol response: do not confuse with FACIES, phys appearance characteristic of various dis; no qualif
MS = Observable changes of expression in the face in response to emotional stimuli.
UI = D005149
Facial Hemiatrophy
AN = do not confuse with FACIAL ASYMMETRY; note HEMIFACIAL MICROSOMIA see FACIAL ASYMMETRY
MS = Atrophy of one half of the face which is sometimes progressive, and is of unknown cause. (Dorland, 28th ed)
UI = D005150
Facial Injuries
AN = GEN or unspecified for soft tissue or bony portions of face; consider also /inj with FACIAL BONES or specific facial bones; fractures: see note on FACIAL BONES; TN 115: use of FACIAL INJURIES & jaw inj
MS = General or unspecified injuries to the soft tissue or bony portions of the face.
UI = D005151
Facial Muscles
MS = Muscles of facial expression or mimetic muscles that include the numerous muscles supplied by the facial nerve that are attached to and move the skin of the face. (From Stedman, 25th ed)
UI = D005152
Facial Neoplasms
AN = usually of soft part of face; not for facial bone neopl ( = FACIAL BONES (IM) + SKULL NEOPLASMS (IM) ); HEAD AND NECK NEOPLASMS is also available; /blood supply /chem /second /secret /ultrastruct permitted; coord IM with site (NIM) as merely locational + histol type of neopl (IM)
UI = D005153
Facial Nerve
AN = 7th cranial nerve; neopl: coord FACIAL NERVE DISEASES (IM) + CRANIAL NERVE NEOPLASMS (IM) + histol type of neopl (IM)
MS = The 7th cranial nerve. The facial nerve has two parts, the larger motor root which may be called the facial nerve proper, and the smaller intermediate or sensory root. Together they provide efferent innervation to the muscles of facial expression and to the lacrimal and salivary glands, and convey afferent information for taste from the anterior two-thirds of the tongue and for touch from the external ear.
UI = D005154
Facial Nerve Diseases
UI = D005155
Facial Neuralgia
UI = D005156
Facial Pain
MS = Pain in the face including the orofacial and craniofacial regions.
UI = D005157
Facial Paralysis
MS = Paralysis of the facial muscles, usually unilateral, due to either a lesion involving the nucleus or the facial nerve peripheral to the nucleus (peripheral facial paralysis) or a supranuclear lesion in the cerebrum or upper brainstem (central facial paralysis). With latter, facial weakness is usually partial and the upper portion of the face is relatively spared, due to bilateral cortical connections. (Stedman, 26th ed)
UI = D005158
Facies
AN = phys appearance characteristic of various dis: do not confuse with FACIAL EXPRESSION, a psychol response; no qualif; coord IM with assoc dis (IM)
MS = The appearance of the face that is often characteristic of a disease or pathological condition, as the elfin facies of Williams syndrome or the mongoloid facies of Down syndrome. (Random House Unabridged Dictionary, 2d ed)
UI = D019066
Facilities, Manpower, and Services - Health Care (see: Health Care Facilities, Manpower, and Services)
Facility Design and Construction
AN = facilities other than hosp; HOSPITAL DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION is available; DF: FACILITY DESIGN CATALOG: /geog /form
MS = Architecture, exterior and interior design, and construction of facilities other than hospitals, e.g., dental schools, medical schools, ambulatory care clinics, and specified units of health care facilities. The concept also includes architecture, design, and construction of specialized contained, controlled, or closed research environments including those of space labs and stations.
UI = D005160
Facility Regulation and Control
AN = coord IM with facility (IM); DF: FACILITY REG CATALOG: /geog /form
MS = Formal voluntary or governmental procedures and standards required of hospitals and health or other facilities to improve operating efficiency, and for the protection of the consumer.
UI = D005161
Factitious Disorders
AN = differentiate from SOMATOFORM DISORDERS: factitious are phys or psychol sympt under voluntary control, somatoform are phys sympt linked to psychol factors but not under voluntary control
MS = Disorders characterized by physical or psychological symptoms that are not real, genuine, or natural.
UI = D005162
Factor Analysis, Statistical
AN = a specific statist technique: not a synonym for "analysis of various factors..."; IM GEN only; coord NIM with specific disease or other concept (IM); no qualif
MS = A set of statistical methods for analyzing the correlations among several variables in order to estimate the number of fundamental dimensions that underlie the observed data and to describe and measure those dimensions. It is used frequently in the development of scoring systems for rating scales and questionnaires.
UI = D005163
Factor V
AN = a blood coag factor
MS = Heat- and storage-labile plasma glycoprotein which accelerates the conversion of prothrombin to thrombin in blood coagulation. Factor V accomplishes this by forming a complex with factor Xa, phospholipid, and calcium (prothrombinase complex). Deficiency of factor V leads to Owren's disease.
UI = D005165
Factor Va
AN = a blood coag factor; /defic = FACTOR V DEFICIENCY
MS = Activated form of factor V. It is an essential cofactor for the activation of prothrombin catalyzed by factor Xa.
UI = D015943
Factor VIIa
AN = a blood coag factor; a serine proteinase; /defic = FACTOR VII DEFICIENCY
MS = Activated form of factor VII. Factor VIIa activates factor X in the extrinsic pathway of blood coagulation.
UI = D015942
Factor VIIIa
AN = a blood coag factor; /defic = HEMOPHILIA
MS = Activated form of factor VIII. The B-domain of factor VIII is proteolytically cleaved by thrombin to form factor VIIIa. Factor VIIIa exists as a non-covalent dimer in a metal-linked (probably calcium) complex and functions as a cofactor in the enzymatic activation of factor X by factor IXa. Factor VIIIa is similiar in structure and generation to factor Va.
UI = D015944
Factor IX
MS = Storage-stable blood coagulation factor acting in the intrinsic pathway. Its activated form, IXa, forms a complex with factor VIII and calcium on platelet factor 3 to activate factor X to Xa. Deficiency of factor IX results in HEMOPHILIA B (Christmas Disease).
UI = D005164
Factor IXa
AN = a blood coag factor; a serine proteinase; /defic = CHRISTMAS DISEASE
MS = Activated form of factor IX. This activation can take place via the intrinsic pathway by the action of factor XIa and calcium, or via the extrinsic pathway by the action of factor VIIa, thromboplastin, and calcium. Factor IXa serves to activate factor X to Xa by cleaving the arginyl-leucine peptide bond in factor X.
UI = D015949
Factor Xa
AN = a blood coag factor; a serine proteinase; /defic = FACTOR X DEFICIENCY
MS = Activated form of factor X that participates in both the intrinsic and extrinsic pathways of blood coagulation. It catalyzes the conversion of prothrombin to thrombin in conjunction with other cofactors.
UI = D015951
Factor XIa
AN = a blood coag factor; a serine proteinase; /defic = FACTOR XI DEFICIENCY
MS = Activated form of factor XI. In the intrinsic pathway, Factor XI is activated to XIa by factor XIIa in the presence of cofactor HMWK (HIGH MOLECULAR WEIGHT KININOGEN). Factor XIa then activates factor IX to factor IXa in the presence of calcium.
UI = D015945
Factor XIIa
AN = a blood coag factor; a serine proteinase; /defic = FACTOR XII DEFICIENCY
MS = Activated form of factor XII. In the initial event in the intrinsic pathway of blood coagulation, kallikrein (with cofactor HIGH MOLECULAR WEIGHT KININOGEN) cleaves factor XII to XIIa. Factor XIIa is then further cleaved by kallikrein, plasmin, and trypsin to yield smaller factor XII fragments (Hageman-Factor fragments). These fragments increase the activity of prekallikrein to kallikrein but decrease the procoagulant activity of factor XII.
UI = D015956
Factor V Deficiency
AN = a blood coag disord; DF: FACTOR V DEFIC
MS = A deficiency of blood coagulation factor V (known as proaccelerin or accelerator globulin or labile factor) leading to a rare hemorrhagic tendency known as Owren's disease or parahemophilia. It varies greatly in severity. Factor V deficiency is an autosomal recessive trait. (Dorland, 27th ed)
UI = D005166
Factor VII
AN = a blood coag factor
MS = Heat- and storage-stable plasma protein that is activated by tissue thromboplastin to form factor VIIa in the extrinsic pathway of blood coagulation. The activated form then catalyzes the activation of factor X to factor Xa.
UI = D005167
Factor VII Deficiency
AN = a blood coag disord; DF: FACTOR VII DEFIC
MS = A deficiency of blood coagulation factor VII (known as proconvertin or prothrombokinase or serum prothrombin conversion accelerator (SPCA) or stable factor) resulting in a hemorrhagic tendency. It may be hereditary as an autosomal recessive trait or acquired in association with vitamin K deficiency. (Dorland, 27th ed)
UI = D005168
Factor VIII
AN = a blood coag factor
MS = Blood-coagulation factor VIII. Antihemophilic factor that is part of the factor VIII/von Willebrand factor complex. Factor VIII is produced in the liver and acts in the intrinsic pathway of blood coagulation. It serves as a cofactor in factor X activation and this action is markedly enhanced by small amounts of thrombin.
UI = D005169
Factor X
AN = a blood coag factor
MS = Storage-stable glycoprotein blood coagulation factor that can be activated to factor Xa by both the intrinsic and extrinsic pathways. A deficiency of factor X, sometimes called Stuart-Prower factor deficiency, may lead to a systemic coagulation disorder.
UI = D005170
Factor X Deficiency
AN = a blood coag disord; DF: FACTOR X DEFIC
MS = Blood coagulation disorder usually inherited as an autosomal recessive trait, though it can be acquired. It is characterized by defective activity in both the intrinsic and extrinsic pathways, impaired thromboplastin time, and impaired prothrombin consumption.
UI = D005171
Factor XI
AN = a blood coag factor
MS = Stable blood coagulation factor involved in the intrinsic pathway. The activated form XIa activates factor IX to IXa. Deficiency of factor XI is often called hemophilia C.
UI = D005172
Factor XI Deficiency
AN = a blood coag disord; DF: FACTOR XI DEFIC
MS = A deficiency of blood coagulation factor XI (known as plasma thromboplastin antecedent or PTA or antihemophilic factor C) resulting in a systemic blood-clotting defect called hemophilia C or Rosenthal's syndrome, that may resemble classical hemophilia. (Dorland, 27th ed)
UI = D005173
Factor XII
AN = a blood coag factor
MS = Stable blood coagulation factor activated by contact with the subendothelial surface of an injured vessel. Along with prekallikrein, it serves as the contact factor that initiates the intrinsic pathway of blood coagulation. Kallikrein activates factor XII to XIIa. Deficiency of factor XII, also called the Hageman trait, leads to increased incidence of thromboembolic disease.
UI = D005174
Factor XII Deficiency
AN = a blood coag disord; DF: FACTOR XII DEFIC
MS = An absence or reduced level of blood coagulation factor XII. It normally occurs in the absence of patient or family history of hemorrhagic disorders and is marked by prolonged clotting time.
UI = D005175
Factor XIII
AN = a blood coag factor
MS = Fibrin stabilizing factor. It is a glycoprotein activated by thrombin in the presence of calcium to form factor XIIIa. Factor XIII is found evenly distributed between plasma and platelets. Its function is to stabilize the formation of the fibrin polymer (clot) which culminates the coagulation cascade.
UI = D005176
Factor XIII Deficiency
AN = a blood coag disord; DF: FACTOR XIII DEFIC
MS = A deficiency of blood coagulation factor XIII or fibrin stabilizing factor (FSF) which enables fibrin to form a firm blood clot. Deficiency of this factor produces a clinical hemorrhagic diathesis. (Dorland, 27th ed)
UI = D005177
Faculty
AN = not for Facultâe de Mâedecine nor Facultad de Medicina ( = SCHOOLS, MEDICAL); do not confuse FACULTY with TEACHING: FACULTY suggests differentiation from student or administrator, teaching suggests the imparting of knowledge (Manual 30.10); Manual 30.9, 34.14
MS = The teaching staff and members of the administrative staff having academic rank in an educational institution.
UI = D005178
Faculty, Dental
AN = Manual 30.9; DF: FACULTY DENT
MS = The teaching staff and members of the administrative staff having academic rank in a dental school.
UI = D005179
Faculty, Medical
AN = Manual 30.9; see also note under FACULTY; DF: FACULTY MED
MS = The teaching staff and members of the administrative staff having academic rank in a medical school.
UI = D005180
Faculty, Nursing
AN = Manual 30.9; DF: FACULTY NURS
MS = The teaching staff and members of the administrative staff having academic rank in a nursing school.
UI = D005181
FAD
AN = a coenzyme
MS = A condensation product of riboflavin and adenosine diphosphate. The coenzyme of various aerobic dehydrogenases, e.g., D-amino acid oxidase and L-amino acid oxidase. (Lehninger, Principles of Biochemistry, 1982, p972)
UI = D005182
Fadrozole
AN = an estrogen antag & antineoplastic agent
MS = 4-(5,6,7,8-Tetrahydroimidazo(1,5-a)pyridin-5-yl)benzonitrile. A selective aromatase inhibitor effective in the treatment of estrogen-dependent disease including breast cancer.
UI = D017316
Failure to Thrive
AN = a growth disord; do not use /congen & do not coord with INFANT, NEWBORN, DISEASES CATALOG: do not use /in inf
MS = The condition of an individual who is two standard deviations below the mean of weight or persistently below his own growth curve. Height and head circumference may also be affected. The failure may be due to organic disorders and/or psychosocial problems.
UI = D005183
Falkland Islands
AN = a Brit colony in the Atlantic Islands
MS = A British colony in the Atlantic Islands, comprising two principal islands, East Falkland and West Falkland. Its capital is Stanley. Discovered in 1592, it was not occupied until the French settled there briefly in 1764. Later the English settled there but were expelled by the Spanish in 1770. The Falklands were claimed by Argentina but were occupied in 1833 by the British who, after an April 1982 invasion by Argentina, regained them in June. The islands were named by British Captain John Strong in 1690 for the fifth Viscount Falkland who financed Strong's expedition. The Spanish name for the islands, Malvinas, is from the French Malouins, inhabitants of St. Malo who attempted to colonize the islands in 1764. (From Webster's New Geographical Dictionary, 1988, p389 & Room, Brewer's Dictionary of Names, 1992, p182)
UI = D019432
Fallopian Tube Diseases
AN = inflamm dis = SALPINGITIS
UI = D005184
Fallopian Tube Neoplasms
AN = /blood supply /chem /second /secret /ultrastruct permitted; coord IM with histol type of neopl (IM)
UI = D005185
Fallopian Tube Patency Tests
AN = NIM
MS = Methods for assessing the patency of the fallopian tubes.
UI = D005186
Fallopian Tubes
AN = mammalian only; inflammation = SALPINGITIS; tubal sterilization = STERILIZATION, TUBAL; "fallopian" is not capitalized in titles or translations
MS = Two long muscular tubes that transport ova from the ovaries to the uterus. They extend from the horn of the uterus to the ovaries and consist of an ampulla, an infundibulum, an isthmus, two ostia, and a pars uterina. The walls of the tubes are composed of three layers: mucosal, muscular, and serosal.
UI = D005187
False Negative Reactions
AN = NIM; no qualif
MS = Negative test results in subjects who possess the attribute for which the test is conducted. The labeling of diseased persons as healthy when screening in the detection of disease. (Last, A Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)
UI = D005188
False Positive Reactions
AN = NIM; no qualif
MS = Positive test results in subjects who do not possess the attribute for which the test is conducted. The labeling of healthy persons as diseased when screening in the detection of disease. (Last, A Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)
UI = D005189
Family
AN = X ref FAMILY LIFE CYCLES refers to stages through which the family evolves (e.g., marriage, childbearing & death): do not confuse with LIFE CHANGE EVENTS CATALOG: /geog /form
MS = A social group consisting of parents or parent substitutes and children.
UI = D005190
Family Characteristics
MS = Size and composition of the family.
UI = D005191
Family Health
AN = health status of family as a unit & impact on individual members; /ethnol permitted
MS = The health status of the family as a unit including the impact of the health of one member of the family on the family as a unit and on individual family members; also, the impact of family organization or disorganization on the health status of its members.
UI = D005192
Family Leave
AN = to care for sibs, parents or other family members: do not confuse with PARENTAL LEAVE
MS = The authorized absence from work of a family member to attend the illness or participate in the care of a parent, a sibling, or other family member. For the care of a parent for a child or for pre- or postnatal leave of a parent, PARENTAL LEAVE is available.
UI = D017407
Family Planning
AN = /legis: consider also FAMILY PLANNING POLICY CATALOG: /geog /form
MS = Programs or services designed to assist the family in controlling reproduction by either improving or diminishing fertility.
UI = D005193
Family Planning Policy
AN = by government: for planning on family or personal level index under FAMILY PLANNING; specify state or country CATALOG; /geog /form
MS = A course or method of action selected, usually by a government, to guide and determine present and future decisions on population control by limiting the number of children or controlling fertility, notably through family planning and contraception within the nuclear family.
UI = D016656
Family Practice
AN = SPEC: SPEC qualif; articles with titles reading, e.g., "cortisone in general practice" are indexed under FAMILY PRACTICE as NIM if indexed there at all: use circumspectly
MS = A medical specialty concerned with the provision of continuing, comprehensive primary health care for the entire family.
UI = D005194
Family Relations
AN = GEN or unspecified; prefer specifics; DF: FAMILY RELAT
MS = Behavioral, psychological, and social relations among various members of the nuclear family and the extended family.
UI = D005195
Family Therapy
AN = a group psychother technique; DF: FAMILY THER
MS = A form of group psychotherapy. It involves treatment of more than one member of the family simultaneously in the same session.
UI = D005196
Famotidine
AN = a histamine H2 antag & anti-ulcer agent
MS = 3-(((2-((Aminoiminomethyl)amino)-4-thiazolyl)methyl)thio)-N-(aminosulfonyl)propanimidamide. A competitive histamine H2-receptor antagonist. Its main pharmacodynamic effect is the inhibition of gastric secretion. The drug does not affect cardiovascular, renal, endocrine, pancreatic exocrine, or gastrointestinal motility functions. No clinically important interactions with other drugs have been described. It is an effective agent in the therapy of duodenal, gastric, and peptic ulcer, as well as of Zollinger-Ellison syndrome.
UI = D015738
Famous Persons
AN = IM; no qualif; Manual 32.16.11, 32.16.12; when not to use: 32.16.7
UI = D005197
Fanconi Syndrome
AN = TN 79: Fanconi syndromes not in MeSH: how to index; do not use /congen & do not coord with INFANT, NEWBORN, DISEASES CATALOG: do not use /in inf
MS = Constellation of clinical and laboratory manifestations produced by generalized proximal tubular insufficiency in the presence of normal, or nearly normal, glomerular filtration.
UI = D005198
Fanconi's Anemia
AN = congen aplastic anemia with multiple abnorm; do not use /congen & do not coord with INFANT, NEWBORN, DISEASES CATALOG: do not use /in inf
MS = Congenital hypoplastic anemia, probably hereditary, with multiple abnormalities.
UI = D005199
FANFT
AN = a carcinogen; D25-26 qualif
MS = N-(4-(5-Nitro-2-furyl)-2-thiazolyl)formamide. A potent nitrofuran derivative tumor initiator. It causes bladder tumors in all animals studied and is mutagenic to many bacteria.
UI = D005200
Fantasy
AN = no qualif
MS = An imagined sequence of events or mental images, e.g., daydreams.
UI = D005201
Far East
AN = a geog area of east & southeast Asia; prefer specific countries
MS = A geographic area of east and southeast Asia encompassing CHINA, HONG KONG, JAPAN, KOREA, MACAO, MONGOLIA, and TAIWAN.
UI = D005202
Farmer's Lung
AN = caused by bacteria Micropolyspora & Thermoactinomyces (see MICROMONOSPORACEAE)
MS = Systemic and pulmonary reactions resulting from inhalation of dust from moldy hay, threshing dust, or moldy straw, by persons who have become hypersensitive to antigens in the dust. It is most often associated with inhalation of spores of Micromonospora faeni or Thermoactinomyces vulgaris. (From Dorland, 27th ed)
UI = D005203
Farnesol
MS = A colorless liquid extracted from oils of plants such as citronella, neroli, cyclamen, and tuberose. It is an intermediate step in the biological synthesis of cholesterol from mevalonic acid in verterbrates. It has a delicate odor and is used in perfumery. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 5th ed)
UI = D005204
Fascia
UI = D005205
Fascia Lata
UI = D005206
Fasciculation
AN = involuntary contraction of bundles of muscle fibers; note category: do not confuse with axonal fasciculation (index under AXONS /physiol)
MS = Involuntary contraction of groups (fasciculi) of muscle fibers, usually at intervals of a half second or more.
UI = D005207
Fasciitis
AN = see MeSH definition for major types; eosinophilic fasciitis: coord IM with EOSINOPHILIA (IM); FASCIITIS, NECROTIZING is available
MS = Inflammation of the fascia. There are three major types: 1) Eosinophilic fasciitis, an inflammatory reaction with eosinophilia, producing hard thickened skin with an orange-peel configuration suggestive of scleroderma and considered by some a variant of scleroderma; 2) Necrotizing fasciitis (FASCIITIS, NECROTIZING), a serious fulminating infection (usually by a beta hemolytic streptococcus) causing extensive necrosis of superficial fascia; 3) Nodular/Pseudosarcomatous /Proliferative fasciitis, characterized by a rapid growth of fibroblasts with mononuclear inflammatory cells and proliferating capillaries in soft tissue, often the forearm; it is not malignant but is sometimes mistaken for fibrosarcoma.
UI = D005208
Fasciitis, Necrotizing
AN = a fulminating Streptococcus pyogenes infect
MS = A fulminating group A streptococcal infection beginning with severe or extensive cellulitis that spreads to involve the superficial and deep fascia, producing thrombosis of the subcutaneous vessels and gangrene of the underlying tissues. A cutaneous lesion usually serves as a portal of entry for the infection, but sometimes no such lesion is found. (Dorland, 28th ed)
UI = D019115
Fasciola
AN = infection = FASCIOLIASIS; for antigens, coord with ANTIGENS, HELMINTH, for antibodies, coord with ANTIBODIES, HELMINTH
MS = A genus of trematode liver flukes of the family Fasciolidae. Two species of this genus are F. hepatica and F. gigantica. The parasites are found in the liver and gallbladder and associated ducts in mammals and occasionally man. F. gigantica occurs rarely in man.
UI = D005209
Fasciola hepatica
AN = infection = FASCIOLIASIS & do not bother to coord with FASCIOLA HEPATICA unless particularly discussed (index IM); for antigens, coord with ANTIGENS, HELMINTH, for antibodies, coord with ANTIBODIES, HELMINTH
MS = A species of helminth commonly called the sheep liver fluke. It occurs in the biliary passages, liver, and gallbladder during various stages of development. Snails and aquatic vegetation are the intermediate hosts. Occasionally seen in man, it is most common in sheep and cattle.
UI = D005210
Fascioliasis
AN = trematode infect of liver caused by FASCIOLA; do not confuse with FASCIOLOIDIASIS (caused by Fascioloides) or FASCIOLOPSIASIS (caused by Fasciolopsis)
MS = Helminth infection of the liver caused by species of Fasciola.
UI = D005211
Fasciolidae
AN = a family of trematodes; infection: coord IM with TREMATODE INFECTIONS (IM) but note specific FASCIOL- disease terms; for antigens, coord with ANTIGENS, HELMINTH, for antibodies, coord with ANTIBODIES, HELMINTH
MS = A family of flukes of the class Trematoda occurring primarily in the liver of animals and man. There are six genera: Fasciola, Fasciolopsis, Fascioloides, Tenuifasciola, Parafasciolopsis, and Protofasciola. The adult form of Fasciolopsis occurs in the intestines of pigs and man.
UI = D005212
Fascioloidiasis
AN = trematode infect; usually animal; check tag ANIMAL; caused by FASCIOLOIDES; do not confuse with FASCIOLIASIS (caused by FASCIOLA) or FASCIOLOPSIASIS (caused by FASCIOLOPSIS)
MS = Infection of cattle and other herbivores with the giant liver fluke Fascioloides magna. It is characterized by extensive destruction of the liver parenchyma.
UI = D005213
Fast Neutrons
AN = elementary particles; IM
MS = Neutrons, the energy of which exceeds some arbitrary level, usually around one million electron volts.
UI = D005214
Fasting
AN = human & animal; differs from STARVATION in matter of degree: TN 80; FOOD DEPRIVATION is also available
MS = Abstaining from all food.
UI = D005215
Fat Body
AN = in amphibia & insects
MS = A nutritional reservoir of fatty tissue found mainly in insects and amphibians.
UI = D005216
Fat Emulsions, Intravenous
AN = D25-26 qualif
MS = Emulsions of fats or lipids used primarily in parenteral feeding.
UI = D005217
Fat Necrosis
MS = A condition in which the neutral fats in the cells of adipose tissue are split into fatty acids and glycerol.
UI = D005218
Fat Substitutes
AN = IM; coord with specific substitute (IM) if pertinent; D25-26 qualif
MS = Compounds used in food or in food preparation to replace dietary fats. They may be carbohydrate-, protein-, or fat-based. Fat substitutes are usually lower in calories but provide the same texture as fats.
UI = D019358
Fatal Outcome
AN = never IM; used only for individual fatalities: do not confuse with MORTALITY or /mortal, both epidemiol & statist concepts, or with DEATH, a physiol process; do not use for animal toxicity studies ( = /toxicity); coord NIM with specific dis or procedure with no qualif (IM); check tag CASE REPORT
MS = Death resulting from the presence of a disease in an individual, as shown by a single case report or a limited number of patients. This should be differentiated from DEATH, the physiological cessation of life and from MORTALITY, an epidemiological or statistical concept.
UI = D017809
Father-Child Relations
AN = human only; DF: FATHER CHILD RELAT
MS = Interaction between the father and the child.
UI = D005219
Fathers
AN = human & animal; /psychol: consider also FATHER-CHILD RELATIONS
MS = Male parents, human or animal.
UI = D005220
Fatigue
AN = do not use for fatigue of isolated muscle fibers in physiol exper ( = MUSCLE FATIGUE)
MS = That state, following a period of mental or bodily activity, characterized by a lessened capacity for work and reduced efficiency of accomplishment, usually accompanied by a feeling of weariness, sleepiness, or irritability. (Stedman, 25th ed)
UI = D005221
Fatigue, Mental (see: Mental Fatigue)
Fats
AN = table fats only or fats "outside the body"; differentiate from LIPIDS ("inside the body" but not body fat which = ADIPOSE TISSUE); do not confuse with DIETARY FATS
MS = The glyceryl esters of a fatty acid, or of a mixture of fatty acids. They are generally odorless, colorless, and tasteless if pure, but they may be flavored according to origin. Fats are insoluble in water, soluble in most organic solvents. They occur in animal and vegetable tissue and are generally obtained by boiling or by extraction under pressure. They are important in the diet (DIETARY FATS) as a source of energy and vitamin C. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)
UI = D005223
Fatigue Syndrome, Chronic
AN = a clinical entity: do not confuse with "chronic fatigue" ( = FATIGUE (IM) + CHRONIC DISEASE (NIM)); DF: CFIDS
MS = Syndrome of unknown cause, characterized by clinically evaluated, unexplained persistent or relapsing chronic fatigue of at least six months' duration which is not the result of ongoing exertion; is not substantially alleviated by rest; and results in substantial reduction of previous levels of occupational, educational, social, or personal activities. Common concurrent symptoms (of six months duration) include impairment of memory or concentration, diffuse pain, sore throat, tender lymph nodes, headaches of a new type, pattern, or severity, and unrefreshing sleep. The etiology is suspected to be viral or immunologic. There are suggestions that chronic fatigue syndrome (sometimes called myalgic encephalomyelitis) may be identical to neurasthenia and fibromyalgia.
UI = D015673
Fats, Unsaturated
MS = Fats containing one or more double bonds, as from oleic acid, an unsaturated fatty acid.
UI = D005224
Fatty Acid Desaturases
MS = Enzymes that catalyze the conversion of saturated fatty acid CoA complexes to unsaturated fatty acid CoA complexes in the presence of any acceptor. They include EC 1.3.1.8, EC 1.3.99.3 and EC 1.14.99.5.
UI = D005225
Fatty Acid Synthetase Complex
UI = D005226
Fatty Acids
AN = GEN or unspecified; prefer specific groups
MS = Organic, monobasic acids derived from hydrocarbons by the equivalent of oxidation of a methyl group to an alcohol, aldehyde, and then acid. Fatty acids are saturated and unsaturated (FATTY ACIDS, UNSATURATED). (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)
UI = D005227
Fatty Acids, Essential
AN = "cannot be synthesized by the human body"; GEN or unspecified; prefer specific groups or specific acid
MS = Fatty acids that cannot be synthesized by the human body and must be obtained from dietary sources, e.g., LINOLEIC ACIDS and LINOLENIC ACIDS. (Dorland, 28th ed)
UI = D005228
Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated
MS = Fatty acids which are unsaturated in only one position.
UI = D005229
Fatty Acids, Nonesterified
AN = DF: note short X ref
MS = The fraction of plasma fatty acids that are not in the form of glycerol esters. They are also called free fatty acids, but this is a misnomer because they are transported complexed with albumin. (Dorland, 28th ed)
UI = D005230
Fatty Acids, Omega-3
AN = "often of marine origin": specify source if pertinent
MS = A group of fatty acids, often of marine origin, which have the first unsaturated bond in the third position from the omega carbon. These fatty acids are believed to reduce serum triglycerides, prevent insulin resistance, improve lipid profile, prolong bleeding times, reduce platelet counts, and decrease platelet adhesiveness.
UI = D015525
Fatty Acids, Unsaturated
AN = GEN or unspecified; prefer specific groups or specific acid
MS = Fatty acids containing one (monounsaturated) or multiple (polyunsaturated) double bonds. They predominate in most plant-derived fats. The number and position of each double bond can be specified, as in the systematic names, or the position of the double bond closest to the methyl group (omega) terminus can be specified to denote functional subdivisions of the overall group, e.g., omega-3 fatty acids. The numbers and positions of the double bonds have been linked to effects on plasma lipid, triglyceride, and cholesterol levels. (Dorland, 28th ed)
UI = D005231
Fatty Acids, Volatile
AN = GEN or unspecified; prefer specific groups or specific acid
MS = Short-chain fatty acids of up to six carbon atoms in length. They are the major end products of microbial fermentation in the ruminant digestive tract and have also been implicated in the causation of neurological diseases in humans.
UI = D005232
Fatty Alcohols
MS = Usually high-molecular-weight, straight-chain primary alcohols, but can also range from as few as 4 carbons, derived from natural fats and oils, including lauryl, stearyl, oleyl, and linoleyl alcohols. They are used in pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, detergents, plastics, and lube oils and in textile manufacture. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 5th ed)
UI = D005233
Fatty Liver
AN = fatty degeneration of liver cells
MS = Yellow discoloration of the liver due to fatty degeneration of liver parenchymal cells. (Stedman, 25th ed)
UI = D005234
Fatty Liver, Alcoholic
MS = Fatty liver in alcoholics. It is potentially reversible and may be associated with alcoholic hepatitis or cirrhosis.
UI = D005235
Favism
AN = a hemolytic anemia caused by fava bean or its pollen
MS = Hemolytic anemia due to the ingestion of fava beans or after inhalation of pollen from the Vicia fava plant by persons with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficient erythrocytes.
UI = D005236
Fear
AN = human & animal
MS = The affective response to an actual current external danger which subsides with the elimination of the threatening condition.
UI = D005239
Feasibility Studies
AN = IM GEN only; coord NIM with specific subject (IM); no qualif
MS = Studies to determine the advantages or disadvantages, practicability, or capability of accomplishing a projected plan, study, or project.
UI = D005240
Feathers
UI = D005241
Fecal Incontinence
AN = of organic origin: differentiate from ENCOPRESIS, of psychol origin
MS = Failure of voluntary control of the anal sphincters, with involuntary passage of feces and flatus.
UI = D005242
Feces
AN = /parasitol: often coord with PARASITE EGG COUNT; consider also DEFECATION, CONSTIPATION, DIARRHEA, FECES, IMPACTED & FECAL INCONTINENCE; fecalith: index FECES, IMPACTED; fecal blood: index under OCCULT BLOOD & not also here
UI = D005243
Feces, Impacted
AN = note category
MS = A large firm mass of stool formed in the rectum or distal colon.
UI = D005244
Fee Schedules
MS = A listing of established professional service charges, for specified dental and medical procedures.
UI = D005245
Feedback
AN = NIM; as a physiol concept in Cat F & G, /drug eff /physiol /rad eff permitted; as a cybernetic concept in CAT L, no qualif
MS = The situation in which some aspect of the output regulates the state of the system.
UI = D005246
Feeding and Eating Disorders of Childhood
AN = DF: FEEDING EATING DIS CHILD
MS = Mental disorders related to feeding and eating that are usually diagnosed in infancy or early childhood.
UI = D019959
Feeding Behavior
AN = human & animal; = manner of eating or feeding (TN 63): differentiate from EATING, the act of eating or feeding; permitted for feeding behavior of insects, as mosquitoes on skin, ticks sucking blood, maggots on flesh, etc., but NIM with feeding organism IM
MS = Behavioral responses or sequences associated with eating including modes of feeding, rhythmic patterns of eating, and time intervals.
UI = D005247
Feeding Methods
AN = human & animal; GEN or unspecified; prefer specifics
MS = Methods of giving food to humans or animals.
UI = D005248
Fee-for-Service Plans
AN = CATALOG: /geog /form
MS = Method of charging whereby a physician or other practitioner bills for each encounter or service rendered. In addition to physicians, other health care professionals are reimbursed via this mechanism. Fee-for-service plans contrast with salary, per capita, and prepayment systems, where the payment does not change with the number of services actually used or if none are used. (From Discursive Dictionary of Health Care, 1976)
UI = D018588
Fees and Charges
AN = DF: FEES
MS = Amounts charged to the patient as payer for health care services.
UI = D005249
Fees, Dental
AN = DF: FEES DENT CATALOG: /geog /form
MS = Amounts charged to the patient as payer for dental services.
UI = D005250
Fees, Medical
AN = DF: FEES MED CATALOG: /geog /form
MS = Amounts charged to the patient as payer for medical services.
UI = D005251
Fees, Pharmaceutical
AN = costs to the patient or third-party payer: do not confuse with DRUG COSTS which are costs to a health facility or organiz; DF: FEES PHARM CATALOG: /geog /form
MS = Amounts charged to the patient or third-party payer for medication. It includes the pharmacist's professional fee and cost of ingredients, containers, etc.
UI = D005252
Feline Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
AN = caused by a lentivirus; coord IM with FELINE IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS (IM) or LEUKEMIA VIRUS, FELINE (IM) if pertinent; don't forget also CATS (NIM) & check tag ANIMAL; DF: note short X ref
MS = Acquired defect of cellular immunity that occurs in cats infected with feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) and in some cats infected with feline leukemia virus (FeLV).
UI = D016181
Feline Infectious Peritonitis
AN = caused by a coronavirus; don't forget also CATS (NIM) & check tag ANIMAL; DF: FELINE INFECT PERITONITIS
MS = Common coronavirus infection of cats caused by the feline infectious peritonitis virus (INFECTIOUS PERITONITIS VIRUS, FELINE). The disease is characterized by a long incubation period, fever, depression, loss of appetite, wasting, and progressive abdominal enlargement. Infection of cells of the monocyte-macrophage lineage appears to be essential in FIP pathogenesis.
UI = D016766
Feline, Sarcoma Virus (see: Sarcoma Virus, Feline)
Feline Panleukopenia
AN = caused by a parvovirus; don't forget also CATS (NIM) & check tag ANIMAL; in minks, coord with MINK (IM)
MS = A highly contagious DNA virus infection of the cat family and of mink, characterized by fever, enteritis and bone marrow changes. It is also called feline ataxia, feline agranulocytosis, feline infectious enteritis, cat fever, cat plague, show fever.
UI = D005254
Feline Parvovirus (see:Parvovirus, Feline)
Feline Leukemia Virus (see:Leukemia Virus, Feline)
Fellowships and Scholarships
AN = SPEC qualif; specify agency or govt & geog if possible; DF: FELLOWSHIPS
MS = Stipends or grants-in-aid granted by foundations or institutions to individuals for study.
UI = D005257
Felodipine
MS = A dihydropyridine calcium antagonist with positive inotropic effects. It lowers blood pressure by reducing peripheral vascular resistance through a highly selective action on smooth muscle in arteriolar resistance vessels.
UI = D015736
Felty's Syndrome
AN = a type of rheum arthritis
MS = A combination of rheumatoid arthritis, splenomegaly, leukopenia, pigmented spots on lower extremities, and other evidence of hypersplenism (anemia and thrombocytopenia). (From Dorland, 27th ed)
UI = D005258
Felypressin
AN = a vasoconstrictor
MS = Synthetic analog of LYPRESSIN with more vasoconstrictor than antidiuretic action. It is used as a hemostatic.
UI = D005259
Female
AN = check tag only for female organs, diseases, physiol processes, genetics, etc.; do not confuse with WOMEN as a social, cultural, political, economic force; Manual 18.9+, 34.12; 35.6.2 CATALOG: do not use: for indexers only
UI = D005260
Female Genital Diseases and Pregnancy Complications
AN = not used for indexing CATALOG: do not use
UI = D005261
Feminism
AN = polit, econ & social equality of women to men
MS = The theory of the political, economic, and social equality of the sexes and organized activity on behalf of women's rights and interests. (Webster New Collegiate Dictionary, 1981)
UI = D019513
Feminization
AN = develop of female secondary sex characteristics in the male; check the tag MALE
UI = D005262
Femoral Artery
MS = The main artery of the thigh, a continuation of the external iliac artery.
UI = D005263
Femoral Fractures
AN = of femoral shaft only; see X refs & note at HIP FRACTURES
MS = Fractures of the femur.
UI = D005264
Femoral Neck Fractures
MS = Fractures of the short, constricted portion of the thigh bone between the femur head and the trochanters. It excludes intertrochanteric fractures which are HIP FRACTURES.
UI = D005265
Femoral Neoplasms
AN = /blood supply /chem /second /secret /ultrastruct permitted; coord IM with specific FEMUR HEAD or FEMUR NECK (NIM) as merely locational + histol type of neopl (IM)
UI = D005266
Femoral Nerve
AN = a nerve of the lumbosacral plexus; dis: coord IM with PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM DISEASES (IM); neopl: coord IM with PERIPHERAL NERVE NEOPLASMS (IM) + histol type of neopl (IM); posterior femoral cutaneous nerve: index under PERIPHERAL NERVES
MS = A nerve originating in the lumbar spinal cord (usually L2 to L4) and traveling through the lumbar plexus to provide motor innervation to extensors of the thigh and sensory innervation to parts of the thigh, lower leg, and foot, and to the hip and knee joints.
UI = D005267
Femoral Vein
MS = The vein accompanying the femoral artery in the same sheath; it is a continuation of the popliteal vein and becomes the external iliac vein.
UI = D005268
Femur
AN = intertrochanteric & subtrochanteric go here; fractures: FEMORAL FRACTURES & FEMORAL NECK FRACTURES are available but see note under HIP FRACTURES; do not index under FEMUR when THIGH is meant: see note there
MS = The bone that extends from the pelvis to the knee, being the longest and largest bone in the body. (From Dorland, 28th ed)
UI = D005269
Femur Head
AN = fract = FEMUR HEAD /inj (IM) + HIP FRACTURES (IM); avascular or aseptic necrosis of hip goes under FEMUR HEAD NECROSIS
MS = The hemispheric articular surface at the upper extremity of the thigh bone. (Stedman, 26th ed)
UI = D005270
Femur Head Necrosis
MS = Aseptic or avascular necrosis of the femoral head. The major types are idiopathic (primary), as a complication of fractures or dislocations, and LEGG-PERTHES DISEASE.
UI = D005271
Femur Neck
AN = fract = FEMORAL NECK FRACTURES
UI = D005272
Fenbendazole
AN = an antinematodal
MS = Methyl-5-(phenylthio)-2-benzimidazolecarbamate. Antinematodal benzimidazole used in veterinary medicine.
UI = D005273
Fenclonine
MS = A selective and irreversible inhibitor of tryptophan hydroxylase, a rate-limiting enzyme in the biosynthesis of serotonin (5-HYDROXYTRYPTAMINE). Fenclonine acts pharmacologically to deplete endogenous levels of serotonin.
UI = D010134
Fendiline
AN = a calcium channel blocker & coronary vasodilator
MS = N-(3,3-Diphenylpropyl)-alpha-methylbenzylamine. Coronary vasodilator; inhibits calcium function in muscle cells in excitation-contraction coupling; proposed as antiarrhythmic and antianginal agents.
UI = D005275
Fenestration, Labyrinth
AN = to cure otosclerosis; do not use /util except by MeSH definition
MS = The surgical creation of a new opening in the labyrinth of the ear for the restoration of hearing in cases of OTOSCLEROSIS. (Dorland, 27th ed)
UI = D005276
Fenfluramine
MS = A centrally active drug that apparently both blocks serotonin uptake and provokes transport-mediated serotonin release.
UI = D005277
Fenitrothion
AN = TN 111 for eff on insects
MS = An organothiophosphate cholinesterase inhibitor that is used as an insecticide.
UI = D005278
Fenoldopam
AN = an antihypertensive & vasodilator
MS = A dopamine D1 receptor agonist that is used as an antihypertensive agent. It lowers blood pressure through arteriolar vasodilation.
UI = D018818
Fenoprofen
AN = a cyclooxygenase inhib & non-steroidal anti-inflamm agent
MS = An anti-inflammatory analgesic and antipyretic highly bound to plasma proteins. It is pharmacologically similar to ASPIRIN, but causes less gastrointestinal bleeding.
UI = D005279
Fenoterol
AN = a bronchodilator & tocolytic
MS = Adrenergic beta-2 agonist used as a bronchodilator and tocolytic.
UI = D005280
Fenretinide
AN = an anticarcinogenic & antineoplastic
MS = N-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)retinamide. A synthetic retinoid that is used orally as a chemopreventive against prostate cancer and in women at risk of developing contralateral breast cancer. It is also effective as an antineoplastic agent.
UI = D017313
Fentanyl
AN = a narcotic analgesic & intravenous anesthetic
MS = N-Phenyl-N-(1-(2-phenylethyl)-4-piperidinyl)propanamide. A potent narcotic analgesic, abuse of which leads to habituation or addiction. It is primarily a mu-opioid agonist. Fentanyl is also used as an adjunct to general anesthetics, and as an anesthetic for induction and maintenance. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1078)
UI = D005283
Fenthion
AN = TN 111 for eff on insects
MS = Phosphorothioic acid O,O-dimethyl O-(3-methyl-4-(methylthio)phenyl) ester. Potent cholinesterase inhibitor used as an insecticide and acaricide.
UI = D005284
Fermentation
AN = almost never IM; enzymatic fermentation: coord NIM with specific enzyme (IM) + substrate (NIM)
MS = The anaerobic enzymatic conversion of organic compounds, especially carbohydrates, to simpler compounds, especially to ethyl alcohol, resulting in energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). (From Dorland, 28th ed)
UI = D005285
Fermium
AN = man-made radioactive element; IM
MS = Fermium. A man-made radioactive actinide with atomic symbol Fm, atomic number 100, and atomic weight 257. Its known isotopes range from 244-254 and 256-258. Its valence can be +2 or +3. Like einsteinium, it was discovered in 1952 in the debris from a thermonuclear explosion.
UI = D005286
Ferredoxin-NADP Reductase
MS = An enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation and reduction of ferredoxin or adrenodoxin in the presence of NADP. EC 1.18.1.2.
UI = D005287
Ferredoxins
AN = bact & plant proteins; /drug eff /ultrastruct permitted
MS = Iron-containing proteins that transfer electrons, usually at a low potential, to flavoproteins; the iron is not present as in heme. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 5th ed)
UI = D005288
Ferrets
AN = IM; qualif permitted
MS = Semidomesticated variety of European polecat much used for hunting rodents and/or rabbits and as a laboratory animal.
UI = D005289
Ferric Compounds
AN = = iron(III) or Fe(III), as Fe2O3, FeCl3; iron(II) or Fe(II) = FERROUS COMPOUNDS; hematinics; DF: FERRIC CPDS
MS = Inorganic or organic compounds containing trivalent iron.
UI = D005290
Ferrichrome
AN = a siderophore
MS = A cyclic peptide consisting of three residues of delta-N-hydroxy-delta-N-acetylornithine. It acts as an iron transport agent in Ustilago sphaerogena.
UI = D005291
Ferricyanides
AN = do not confuse with FERROCYANIDES
MS = Inorganic salts of the hypothetical acid, H3Fe(CN)6.
UI = D005292
Ferritin
AN = /biosyn /drug eff /physiol /ultrastruct permitted
MS = The iron-apoferritin complex, which is one of the chief forms in which iron is stored in the body. (Dorland, 28th ed)
UI = D005293
Ferrochelatase
MS = An enzyme widely distributed in cells and tissues. It is located in the inner mitochondrial membrane and catalyzes the formation of heme from protoporphyrin IX and ferrous ions during the terminal step in the heme biosynthetic pathway. EC 4.99.1.1.
UI = D005294
Ferrocyanides
AN = do not confuse with FERRICYANIDES
MS = Inorganic salts of the hypothetical acid ferrocyanic acid (H4Fe(CN)6).
UI = D005295
Ferrous Compounds
AN = = iron(II) or Fe(II), as FeO, FeCl2; iron(III) or Fe(III) = FERRIC COMPOUNDS; DF: FERROUS CPDS
MS = Inorganic or organic compounds that contain divalent iron.
UI = D005296
Ferrozine
AN = a chelating agent; D25-26 qualif
MS = 4,4'-(3-(2-Pyridinyl)-1,2,4-triazine-5,6-diyl)bisbenzenesulfonic acid, disodium salt. A ferroin compound that forms a stable magenta-colored solution with the ferrous ion. The complex has an absorption peak at 562 nm and is used as a reagent and indicator for iron.
UI = D005297
Fertility
AN = IM for human, other mammals, birds & fish, NIM for animals lower than fish, plants & micro-organisms; /drug eff: consider also FERTILITY AGENTS
MS = The capacity to conceive or to induce conception. It may refer to either the male or female.
UI = D005298
Fertility Agents
AN = consider also FERTILITY /drug eff
MS = Drugs used to increase fertility or to treat infertility.
UI = D005299
Fertility Agents, Female
MS = Compounds which increase the capacity to conceive in females.
UI = D005300
Fertility Agents, Male
MS = Compounds which increase the capacity of the male to induce conception.
UI = D005303
Fertilization
AN = physiol fertilization only: FERTILIZATION IN VITRO (Cat G8 & Cat E5) is also available
UI = D005306
Fertilization in Vitro
AN = do not check the tags IN VITRO, PREGNANCY or FEMALE
MS = Fertilization of an egg outside the body when the egg is normally fertilized in the body.
UI = D005307
Fertilizers
MS = Substances or mixtures that are added to the soil to supply nutrients or to make available nutrients already present in the soil, in order to increase plant growth and productivity.
UI = D005308
Ferula
AN = yields asafetida
MS = A genus of umbelliferous plants, including Ferula asafoetida, that yields pungent oils and resins used formerly as carminatives and now as cat and dog repellents. A related plant, F. galbanum, is used similarly. F. foetida is used as a fresh vegetable.
UI = D005309
Festschrift [Publication Type]
AN = publication type only; check appropriate hist tags; Manual 32.18.8
MS = A collection of essays or other writings contributed by students, teachers, colleagues, and admirers to honor a scholar, physician, or other scientist on a special occasion noting an event of importance in his or her life.
UI = D016221
Fetal Alcohol Syndrome
AN = in inf born to alcoholic mother; do not use /congen & do not coord with INFANT, NEWBORN, DISEASES CATALOG: do not use /in inf
MS = A disorder occurring in children born to alcoholic women who continue to drink heavily during pregnancy. Common abnormalities are growth deficiency (prenatal and postnatal), altered morphogenesis, mental deficiency, and characteristic facies - small eyes and flattened nasal bridge. Fine motor dysfunction and tremulousness are observed in the newborn.
UI = D005310
Fetal Anoxia
AN = do not confuse with ASPHYXIA NEONATORUM
MS = Fetal oxygen deficiency.
UI = D005311
Fetal Blood
MS = Blood of the fetus. Exchange of nutrients and waste between the fetal and maternal blood occurs via the placenta. The cord blood is blood contained in the umbilical vessels at the time of delivery.
UI = D005312
Fetal Death
AN = only Cat C qualif but must refer to fetus only & not to mother so many qualif do not apply; death of fetus in utero = FETAL DEATH, not ABORTION; perinatal death can go here but consider also INFANT MORTALITY CATALOG: /geog /form
MS = Death of the young developing in utero.
UI = D005313
Fetal Development
AN = mammalian only; do not coord with EMBRYO /physiol unless embryo is particularly discussed; X ref ORGANOGENESIS of a specific organ = organ /embryol (IM) + FETAL DEVELOPMENT (NIM)
MS = Morphologic and physiologic growth and development of the mammalian embryo or fetus.
UI = D005314
Fetal Diseases
AN = GEN: prefer specifics; FETAL DISTRESS is available; anoxia = FETAL ANOXIA: do not confuse with ASPHYXIA NEONATORUM CATALOG: form qualif permitted
UI = D005315
Fetal Distress
AN = manifested by fetal bradycardia or tachycardia; do not confuse with RESPIRATORY DISTRESS SYNDROME (postnatal)
MS = Adverse or threatening condition of the fetus identified by fetal bradycardia or tachycardia and passage of meconium in vertex presentation.
UI = D005316
Fetal Growth Retardation
AN = DF: note short X ref
MS = The failure of a fetus to maintain its expected growth potential at any gestational stage.
UI = D005317
Fetal Heart
AN = mammals only; use all pertinent qualif (except /blood supply) & do not coord with MYOCARDIUM for HEART/MYOCARDIUM restrictions; not for chick embryo heart ( = CHICK EMBRYO + HEART /embryol)
MS = The heart of the fetus of any viviparous animal. It refers to the heart in the postembryonic period and is differentiated from the embryonic heart (HEART/embryology) only on the basis of time.
UI = D005318
Fetal Hemoglobin
AN = for presence in adults see MeSH definition; DF: HBF
MS = The form of hemoglobin normally comprising more than half of the hemoglobin in the fetus, composed of two alpha and two gamma polypeptides. It is also present in minimal amounts in adulthood and is abnormally elevated in aplastic anemia, leukemia, and certain types of thalassemia. It has higher affinity for oxygen under physiologic conditions than does HEMOGLOBIN A. (Dorland, 28th ed)
UI = D005319
Fetal Macrosomia
AN = fetus "weighing more than 4000 grams"; do not confuse with INFANT, POSTMATURE (born after 42 wks of gestation)
MS = A complication of gestational diabetes mellitus or prolonged pregnancy. A macrosomic fetus is defined as weighing more than 4000 grams.
UI = D005320
Fetal Membranes
AN = mammalian only but specifics may be used with non-mammalian (e.g., CHICK EMBRYO); induced rupture = LABOR, INDUCED; premature rupture = FETAL MEMBRANES, PREMATURE RUPTURE; rupture in normal labor = FETAL MEMBRANES (IM) + LABOR (IM)
MS = Thin layers of tissue which surround the embryo or fetus and provide for its nutrition, respiration, excretion and protection; they are the yolk sac, allantois, amnion, and chorion.
UI = D005321
Fetal Membranes, Premature Rupture
AN = before onset of uterine contractions; DF: PROM
MS = Spontaneous rupture of amniotic sac before the onset of uterine contractions.
UI = D005322
Fetal Monitoring
AN = during labor or during prenatal maternal surg
MS = Physiologic or biochemical monitoring of the fetus. It is usually done during labor and may be performed in conjunction with the monitoring of uterine activity. It may also be performed prenatally as when the mother is undergoing surgery.
UI = D005323
Fetal Movement
MS = Motion of the fetus perceived by the mother and felt by palpation of the abdomen.
UI = D005324
Fetal Organ Maturity
AN = coord NIM with organ /embryol (IM)
MS = Functional competence of specific fetal organs or body systems. In humans, it is usually assessed by analysis of amniotic fluid, as in the assessment of fetal lung maturity by analysis for components of pulmonary surfactant.
UI = D005325
Fetal Proteins
UI = D005326
Fetal Resorption
AN = "after completion of organogenesis": does not include embryo resorption ( = EMBRYO RESORPTION)
MS = Death and resorption of the fetus at any stage after the completion of organogenesis. It does not include embryo resorption.
UI = D005327
Fetal Tissue Transplantation
AN = fetal or embryonic; do not use /util except by MeSH definition; coord IM with specific tissue in Cat A16 /transpl (IM or NIM) or specific fetal organ /embryol (IM or NIM) + specific fetal organ /transpl (IM or NIM); do not coord with TRANSPLANTATION, HOMOLOGOUS unless particularly discussed; transpl of fetal brain tissue: coord IM with BRAIN TISSUE TRANSPLANTATION (IM) + specific brain tissue /transpl + /embryol if pertinent (IM or NIM)
MS = Transference of fetal tissue between individuals of the same species or between individuals of different species.
UI = D016332
Fetal Viability
MS = The potential of the fetus-in-utero to survive after birth.
UI = D005328
Fetishism (Psychiatric)
AN = belief in religious or magic fetishes goes under RELIGION, SUPERSTITION & its indentions, ANTHROPOLOGY, CULTURAL or other pertinent term; DF: FETISHISM
MS = A condition in which inanimate objects are utilized as a preferred or exclusive method of stimulating erotic arousal.
UI = D005329
Fetofetal Transfusion
AN = "passage of blood from one fetus to another via an arteriovenous communication or other shunt"; do not use /congen & do not coord with INFANT, NEWBORN, DISEASES; do not coord with DISEASES IN TWINS; TN 186: differentiate among various "transfusion" concepts CATALOG: do not use /in inf
MS = Passage of blood from one fetus to another via an arteriovenous communication or other shunt, in a monozygotic twin pregnancy. It results in anemia in one twin and polycythemia in the other. (Lee et al., Wintrobe's Clinical Hematology, 9th ed, p737-8)
UI = D005330
Fetomaternal Transfusion
AN = transplacental passage of blood from fetus to mother's circ; do not use /congen & do not coord with INFANT, NEWBORN, DISEASES; TN 186: differentiate among various "transfusion" concepts; transfer of immunity from mother to fetus = IMMUNITY, MATERNALLY-ACQUIRED CATALOG: do not use /in inf
MS = Transplacental passage of fetal blood into the circulation of the maternal organism. (Dorland, 27th ed)
UI = D005331
alpha-Fetoproteins
AN = /biosyn /physiol permitted
MS = The first alpha-globulins to appear in mammalian sera during development of the embryo and the dominant serum proteins in early embryonic life. They reappear in the adult serum during certain pathologic states, primarily hepatocellular carcinoma.
UI = D000509
Fetoscopy
AN = NIM; do not confuse with AMNIOSCOPY, exam of amnion & amniotic fluid
MS = Endoscopic visualization of the fetus through an abdominal and uterine entry.
UI = D005332
Fetus
AN = mammalian only; human: 3d month to term; /abnorm permitted; fetus in fetu: index under FETUS /abnorm; FETUS and PREGNANCY: Manual 18.4.3, 21.55; definition & use: 21.53; specialty for fetus & newborn inf = PERINATOLOGY; retained fetus: index under ABORTION, MISSED; mummified fetus goes here (not under FETAL DEATH) but consider also ABORTION, MISSED; lithopedion: coord FETUS (IM) + CALCINOSIS (IM); intrauterine surg goes under FETUS /surg; fetal organs & tissues in tissue & cell cultures: coord FETUS + organ or tissue without qualif (not with /embryol) + culture term, all probably NIM; TN 66 & Manual 19.8.29: relation to /embryol CATALOG: form qualif permitted
MS = The unborn offspring of any viviparous mammals, in the postembryonic period, after the major structures have been outlined. (Dorland, 28th ed.)
UI = D005333
Fever
AN = /ther = treatment of FEVER: differentiate from FEVER THERAPY see HYPERTHERMIA, INDUCED ( = high body temp induced to treat dis); /chem ind: consider also HYPERTHERMIA, INDUCED or PYROGENS
UI = D005334
Fever of Unknown Origin
AN = referred to as FUO; for ultimate determ of cause or origin coord FEVER OF UNKNOWN ORIGIN /etiol (IM) (not /diag) + disease /compl (IM) (not /diag)
MS = Fever in which the etiology cannot be ascertained.
UI = D005335
Fiber Optics
AN = SPEC: SPEC qualif
UI = D005336
Fibrin
AN = the essential portion of a blood clot
MS = The insoluble protein formed from FIBRINOGEN by the proteolytic action of THROMBIN during normal clotting of blood. Fibrin forms the essential portion of the blood clot. (From Dorland, 27th ed)
UI = D005337
Fibrin Fibrinogen Degradation Products
AN = in texts as FDP; DF: FFDP
MS = Soluble protein fragments formed by the proteolytic action of plasmin on fibrin or fibrinogen. FDP and their complexes profoundly impair the hemostatic process and are a major cause of hemorrhage in intravascular coagulation and fibrinolysis.
UI = D005338
Fibrin Foam
AN = a hemostatic
MS = A dry artificial sterile sponge of fibrin prepared by clotting with thrombin a foam or solution of fibrinogen. It is used in conjunction with thrombin as a hemostatic in surgery at sites where bleeding cannot be controlled by more common methods. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p648)
UI = D005339
Fibrin Tissue Adhesive
AN = a hemostatic; autologous or commercial
MS = An autologous or commercial tissue adhesive containing fibrinogen and thrombin. The commercial product is a two component system from human plasma that contains more than fibrinogen and thrombin. The first component contains highly concentrated fibrinogen, Factor VIII, fibronectin, and traces of other plasma proteins. The second component contains thrombin, calcium chloride, and antifibrinolytic agents such as aprotinin. Mixing of the two components promotes clotting and the formation and cross-linking of fibrin. The tissue adhesive is used for tissue sealing, hemostasis, and wound healing.
UI = D015718
Fibrinogen
AN = a blood coag factor: do not confuse X ref FACTOR I with COMPLEMENT FACTOR I
MS = Plasma glycoprotein clotted by thrombin, composed of a dimer of three non-identical pairs of polypeptide chains (alpha, beta, gamma) held together by disulfide bonds. Fibrinogen clotting is a sol-gel change involving complex molecular arrangements: whereas fibrinogen is cleaved by thrombin to form polypeptides A and B, the proteolytic action of other enzymes yields different fibrinogen degradation products.
UI = D005340
Fibrinogens, Abnormal
AN = "have a functional defect as the result of one or more amino acid substitutions in the amino acid seq of normal fibrinogen"; DF: FIBRINOGENS ABNORM
MS = Fibrinogens which have a functional defect as the result of one or more amino acid substitutions in the amino acid sequence of normal fibrinogen. Abnormalities of the fibrinogen molecule may impair any of the major steps involved in the conversion of fibrinogen into stabilized fibrin, such as cleavage of the fibrinopeptides by thrombin, polymerization and cross-linking of fibrin. The resulting dysfibrinogenemias can be clinically silent or can be associated with bleeding, thrombosis or defective wound healing.
UI = D015241
Fibrinolysis
MS = The dissolution of fibrin by enzymatic action. (Dorland, 27th ed)
UI = D005342
Fibrinolytic Agents
MS = Fibrinolysin or agents that convert plasminogen to fibrinolysin (PLASMIN).
UI = D005343
Fibrinopeptide A
MS = Two small peptide chains removed from the N-terminal segment of the alpha chains of fibrinogen by the action of thrombin during the blood coagulation process. Each peptide chain contains 18 amino acid residues. In vivo, fibrinopeptide A is used as a marker to determine the rate of conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin by thrombin.
UI = D005344
Fibrinopeptide B
MS = Two small peptide chains removed from the N-terminal segment of the beta chains of fibrinogen by the action of thrombin. Each peptide chain contains 20 amino acid residues. The removal of fibrinopeptides B is not required for coagulation.
UI = D005345
Fibroadenoma
AN = do not confuse with ADENOFIBROMA; /blood supply /chem /secret /ultrastruct permitted; coord IM with organ/neopl term (IM)
MS = An adenoma containing fibrous tissue. It should be differentiated from ADENOFIBROMA which is a tumor composed of connective tissue (fibroma) containing glandular (adeno-) structures. (From Dorland, 27th ed)
UI = D018226
Fibroblast Growth Factor
AN = /biosyn /drug eff /physiol /ultrastruct permitted
MS = Peptide isolated from the pituitary gland and from the brain. It is a potent mitogen which stimulates growth of a variety of mesodermal cells including chondrocytes, granulosa, and endothelial cells. The peptide may be active in wound healing and animal limb regeneration.
UI = D005346
Fibroblast Growth Factor, Acidic
AN = /biosyn /drug eff /physiol /ultrastruct permitted; DF: FGFA
MS = A growth factor which has been isolated from a variety of cells. It contains 154 amino acid residues and has potent heparin-binding activity. Heparin potentiates the biological activities of aFGF. The growth factor is an extremely potent inducer of DNA synthesis in a variety of normal diploid mammalian cell types from mesoderm and neuroectoderm lineages and also has chemotactic and mitogenic activities.
UI = D016220
Fibroblast Growth Factor, Basic
AN = /biosyn /drug eff /physiol /ultrastruct permitted; DF: FGFB
MS = A single-chain polypeptide of approximately 15-16 kDa which has been isolated from a variety of cells. It has a 55% amino acid residue identity to acidic fibroblast growth factor and has potent heparin-binding activity. However, in contrast to the acidic fibroblast growth factor, heparin does not potentiate the biological activities of bFGF. The growth factor is an extremely potent inducer of DNA synthesis in a variety of normal diploid mammalian cell types from mesoderm and neuroectoderm lineages and promotes cellular differentiation in vitro.
UI = D016222
Fibroblasts
MS = Connective tissue cells which form the fibrous tissues in the body, tendons, and aponeuroses. They differentiate into chondroblasts and osteoblasts. (From Dorland, 28th ed)
UI = D005347
Fibrocystic Disease of Breast
AN = commonly chronic so do not coord with CHRONIC DISEASE; breast cyst fluid: coord IM with EXUDATES AND TRANSUDATES with pertinent qualif (NIM)
MS = A chronic disorder comprising three variants which range from lesions consisting primarily of an overgrowth of fibrous tissue to those characterized by dominance of the proliferation of the epithelial parenchyma to a form of dysplasia characterized by both stromal and epithelial hyperplasia with the formation of cysts.
UI = D005348
Fibroin
AN = /biosyn /physiol permitted
UI = D005349
Fibroma
AN = not for uterine fibroma ( = LEIOMYOMA + UTERINE NEOPLASMS); note X ref FIBROMATOSIS but FIBROMATOSIS, ABDOMINAL, FIBROMATOSIS, AGGRESSIVE & FIBROMATOSIS, GINGIVAL are available; coord IM with precoord organ/neopl term (IM)
MS = A benign tumor composed mainly of fibrous or fully developed connective tissue. (Dorland, 27th ed)
UI = D005350
Fibroma, Desmoplastic
AN = /blood supply /chem /second /secret /ultrastruct permitted; coord IM with BONE NEOPLASMS (IM) or specific precoord bone/neopl term (IM) or specific bone (IM) + BONE NEOPLASMS (IM)
MS = A extremely rare bone tumor characterized by abundant collagen formation and a fibrous stroma, without evidence of mitosis or pleomorphism. It appears on x-rays as an osteolytic lesion with well-defined margins and must be differentiated from primary fibrosarcoma of bone. (DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles & Practice of Oncology, 3d ed, p1441)
UI = D018220
Fibroma, Ossifying
AN = /blood supply /chem /secret /ultrastruct permitted; coord IM with BONE NEOPLASMS (IM) or specific precoord bone/neopl term (IM) or specific bone (IM) + BONE NEOPLASMS (IM)
MS = A benign, relatively slow-growing, central bone tumor, usually of the jaws (especially the mandible) which is composed of fibrous connective tissue within which bone is formed. (Dorland, 27th ed)
UI = D018214
Fibroma Virus, Rabbit
AN = a species of Leporipoxvirus; X ref SHOPE FIBROMA VIRUS, described by Shope in 1932: do not confuse with SHOPE PAPILLOMA VIRUS; infection: coord IM with POXVIRIDAE INFECTIONS (IM) + TUMOR VIRUS INFECTIONS (IM)
MS = A species of LEPORIPOXVIRUS causing subcutaneous localized swellings in rabbits, usually on the feet.
UI = D012776
Fibromatosis, Abdominal
AN = abdom refers to the abdom muscles; multiple; solitary = probably FIBROMA; do not use /blood supply /chem /second /secret /ultrastruct; do not coord with ABDOMINAL MUSCLES or ABDOMINAL NEOPLASMS (see note there)
MS = A relatively large mass of unusually firm scarlike connective tissue resulting from active participation of fibroblasts, occurring most frequently in the abdominal muscles of women who have borne children. The fibroblasts infiltrate surrounding muscle and fascia. (Stedman, 25th ed)
UI = D018221
Fibromatosis, Aggressive
AN = in children; do not use /blood supply /chem /second /secret /ultrastruct; coord IM with precoord organ/neopl term if specified (IM)
MS = A childhood counterpart of abdominal or extra-abdominal desmoid tumors, characterized by firm subcutaneous nodules that grow rapidly in any part of the body but do not metastasize. The adult form of abdominal fibromatosis is FIBROMATOSIS, ABDOMINAL. (Stedman, 25th ed)
UI = D018222
Fibromatosis, Gingival
AN = non-neoplastic; do not use /congen & do not coord with INFANT, NEWBORN, DISEASES CATALOG: do not use /in inf
MS = Generalized or localized diffuse fibrous overgrowth of the gingival tissue, usually transmitted as an autosomal dominant trait, but some cases are idiopathic and others produced by drugs. The enlarged gingiva is pink, firm, and has a leather-like consistency with a minutely pebbled surface and in severe cases the teeth are almost completely covered and the enlargement projects into the oral vestibule. (Dorland, 28th ed)
UI = D005351
Fibromuscular Dysplasia
AN = affects musculature of arterial walls: do not confuse with various musc dis in Cat C5; coord IM with specific artery or pre-coord arterial dis (IM)
MS = An idiopathic, segmental, nonatheromatous disease of the musculature of arterial walls, leading to stenosis of small and medium-sized arteries. Most commonly affected are the renal arteries; involvement of the axillary, iliac, basilar, carotid, hepatic and intracranial arteries have been reported.
UI = D005352
Fibronectins
AN = extracellular matrix proteins; /biosyn /physiol permitted
MS = Glycoproteins found on the surfaces of cells, particularly in fibrillar structures. The proteins are lost or reduced when these cells undergo viral or chemical transformation. They are highly susceptible to proteolysis and are substrates for activated blood coagulation factor VIII. The forms present in plasma are called cold-insoluble globulins.
UI = D005353
Fibrosarcoma
AN = /blood supply /chem /second /secret /ultrastruct permitted; coord IM with precoord organ/neopl term (IM)
MS = A sarcoma derived from deep fibrous tissue, characterized by bundles of immature proliferating fibroblasts with variable collagen formation, which tends to invade locally and metastasize by the bloodstream. (Stedman, 25th ed)
UI = D005354
Fibrosis
AN = pathol formation of fibrous tissue; NIM only as pathol process with no qualif: coord with Cat A term /pathol (IM); also available are CYSTIC FIBROSIS, ENDOMYOCARDIAL FIBROSIS, MYELOFIBROSIS, ORAL SUBMUCOUS FIBROSIS, PULMONARY FIBROSIS & RETROPERITONEAL FIBROSIS but note LIVER FIBROSIS see LIVER CIRRHOSIS
MS = Any pathological condition where fibrous connective tissue invades any organ, usually as a consequence of inflammation or other injury.
UI = D005355
Fibromyalgia
AN = a rheum dis
MS = A common nonarticular rheumatic syndrome characterized generally by chronic musculoskeletal pain and diagnosed chiefly by the presence of multiple tender points (tender muscular nodules) at characteristic locations. It is often associated with general symptoms, such as sleep disturbances, fatigue, stiffness, swelling, chronic headaches, and pain in neck and shoulders. The average duration is 5 years. Most patients are women aged 20 to 50 years. The cause is unknown and the treatment is not specific.
UI = D005356
Fibrous Dysplasia of Bone
AN = GEN or unspecified; prefer specifics; periapical fibrous dysplasia = CEMENTOMA; craniofacial fibrous dysplasia = FIBROUS DYSPLASIA, POLYOSTOTIC (IM) + SKULL (IM) + FACIAL BONES (IM)
MS = A disease of bone marked by thinning of the cortex and replacement of bone marrow by gritty fibrous tissue containing bony spicules, producing pain, disability, and gradually increasing deformity. Only one bone may be involved (FIBROUS DYSPLASIA, MONOSTOTIC) or several (FIBROUS DYSPLASIA, POLYOSTOTIC). (From Dorland, 28th ed)
UI = D005357
Fibrous Dysplasia, Monostotic
AN = Jaffe-Lichtenstein usually goes here but check text for possible "polyostotic"
MS = FIBROUS DYSPLASIA OF BONE involving only one bone.
UI = D005358
Fibrous Dysplasia, Polyostotic
AN = sometimes Jaffe-Lichtenstein (usually monostotic) goes here: check text; craniofacial fibrous dysplasia: coord IM with FACIAL BONES (IM) + SKULL (IM)
MS = FIBROUS DYSPLASIA OF BONE affecting several or many bones. When associated with melanotic pigmentation of the skin and endocrine disorders, it is known as Albright's syndrome. (From Dorland, 28th ed)
UI = D005359
Fibula
MS = The outer and smaller of the two bones of the leg, which articulates proximally with the tibia and distally is joined to the tibia in a syndesmosis. (Dorland, 28th ed)
UI = D005360
Ficin
AN = do not use /analogs
MS = A sulfhydryl proteinase with cysteine at the active site from ficus latex. Preferential cleavage is at tyrosine and phenylalanine residues. Acts on a wide variety of protein substrates. Formeryl EC 3.4.4.12
UI = D005361
Ficoll
AN = a polysaccharide
MS = beta-D-Fructofuranosyl alpha-D-glucopyranoside polymer. A sucrose polymer of high molecular weight.
UI = D005362
Ficusin
AN = do not confuse X ref PSORALEN, this specific drug, with PSORALENS; /analogs = PSORALENS
MS = A naturally occuring furocoumarin, extracted from Psoralea corylifolia and other plants. After photoactivation with UV radiatiion, it appears to bind DNA through single and double-stranded cross-linking.
UI = D005363
Field Dependence-Independence
AN = no qualif
MS = The ability to respond to segments of the perceptual experience rather than to the whole.
UI = D005364
FIGLU Test
AN = note X ref for deriv of FIGLU
MS = A test of vitamin B12 deficiency, folic acid deficiency, liver disease, or genetic deficiency of glutamate formiminotransferase, based on urinary excretion of formiminoglutamic acid (FIGLU), an intermediate metabolite in histidine catabolism in the conversion of histidine to glutamic acid, with the formimino group being transferred to tetrahydrofolic acid. (From Dorland, 27th ed, p653 & Stedman, 25th ed, p610)
UI = D005365
Figural Aftereffect
AN = usually involves displacement of afterimage of geometric pattern in shape & space: differentiate from AFTERIMAGE; while both are in the field of perception, AFTERIMAGE is likely to be in ophthalmol jrnls, FIGURAL AFTEREFFECT, in psychol jrnls
MS = A perceptual phenomenon used by Gestalt psychologists to demonstrate that events in one part of the perceptual field may affect perception in another part.
UI = D005366
Fiji
AN = an island group in Melanesia
MS = A republic consisting of an island group in Melanesia, in the southwest Pacific Ocean. Its capital is Suva. It was discovered by Abel Tasman in 1643 and was visited by Captain Cook in 1774. It was used by escaped convicts from Australia as early as 1804. It was annexed by Great Britain in 1874 but achieved independence in 1970. The name Fiji is of uncertain origin. In its present form it may represent that of Viti, the main island in the group. (From Webster's New Geographical Dictionary, 1988, p396 & Room, Brewer's Dictionary of Names, 1992, p186)
UI = D005367
Filariasis
AN = GEN: prefer specifics; drug ther: consider FILARICIDES
MS = Infections with nematodes of the superfamily FILARIOIDEA. The presence of living worms in the body is mainly asymptomatic but the death of adult worms leads to granulomatous inflammation and permanent fibrosis. Organisms of the genus Elaeophora infect wild elk and domestic sheep causing ischaemic necrosis of the brain, blindness, and dermatosis of the face.
UI = D005368
Filaricides
AN = consider also FILARIOIDEA /drug eff & FILARIASIS /drug ther or pertinent specifics
MS = Pharmacological agents destructive to nematodes in the superfamily Filarioidea.
UI = D005369
Filarioidea
AN = infection = FILARIASIS but see note there; coord with specific helminth term (ANTIGENS, HELMINTH, etc) if pertinent: /drug eff: consider FILARICIDES
MS = A superfamily of nematodes of the suborder SPIRURINA. Its organisms possess a filiform body and a mouth surrounded by papillae.
UI = D005370
Filgrastim
AN = a granulocyte colony-stimulating factor; /drug eff permitted
MS = A hematopoietic growth factor which promotes proliferation and maturation of neutrophil granulocytes. Clinically it is effective in decreasing the incidence of febrile neutropenia in patients with non-myeloid malignancies receiving myelosuppressive therapy or in reducing the duration of neutropenia and neutropenia-related clinical sequelae in patients with non-myeloid malignancies undergoing myeloblastive chemotherapy followed by BMT. It has also been used in AIDS patients with CMV retinitis being treated with GANCICLOVIR. (Gelman CR, Rumack BH & Hess AJ (eds): DRUGDEX(R) System.MICROMEDEX, Inc., Englewood, Colorado (Edition expires 11/30/95))
UI = D019376
Filing
AN = IM
MS = Collections of related records treated as a unit; ordering of such files.
UI = D005371
Filipin
AN = an antifungal antibiotic
MS = 4,6,8,10,12,14,16,27-Octahydroxy-3-(1-hydroxyhexyl)-17,28-dimethoxyoxacyclooctacosa-17,19,21,23,25-pentaen-2-one (filipin III). A complex of polyene antibiotics obtained from Streptomyces filipinensis. Filipin III alters membrane function by interfering with membrane sterols, inhibits mitochondrial respiration, and is proposed as an antifungal agent. Filipins I, II, and IV are less important.
UI = D005372
Film Dosimetry
MS = Use of a device (film badge) for measuring exposure of individuals to radiation. It is usually made of metal, plastic, or paper and loaded with one or more pieces of x-ray film.
UI = D005373
Filoviridae
AN = a family of the order Mononegavirales; filo- refers to their filamentous virions; infection = FILOVIRIDAE INFECTIONS
MS = A family of viruses, of the order MONONEGAVIRALES, containing filamentous virions. Although they resemble Rhabdoviridae in possessing helical nucleocapsids, Filoviridae differ in the length and degree of branching in their virions. There is one genus, FILOVIRUS.
UI = D016563
Filoviridae Infections
AN = GEN or unspecified; prefer specifics
MS = Infections with viruses of the family FILOVIRIDAE. The infections in humans consist of a variety of clinically similar viral hemorrhagic fevers but the natural reservoir host is unknown.
UI = D018702
Filovirus
AN = a genus of the family Filoviridae; infection = FILOVIRUS INFECTIONS
MS = A genus of the family FILOVIRIDAE containing two species: EBOLA VIRUS and MARBURG VIRUS. Both were originally associated with African monkeys but are capable of causing severe hemorrhagic disease in humans. The natural host of either virus is unknown. Transmission is by close personal contact.
UI = D018097
Filovirus Infections
AN = GEN or unspecified; prefer specifics
MS = Infections with viruses of the genus FILOVIRUS, family FILOVIRIDAE.
UI = D018705
Filtering Surgery
AN = in glaucoma surg; do not use /util except by MeSH definition; DF: FILTERING SURG
MS = A surgical procedure used in treatment of glaucoma in which an opening is created through which aqueous fluid may pass from the anterior chamber into a sac created beneath the conjunctiva, thus lowering the pressure within the eye. (Hoffman, Pocket Glossary of Ophthalmologic Terminology, 1989)
UI = D018463
Filtration
AN = NIM; includes filtration of fluids, gases & radiations; not for electrical or electronic filtering; filters: index FILTRATION /instrum; HEMOFILTRATION & ULTRAFILTRATION are available; note ACETATE-FREE BIOFILTRATION see HEMODIAFILTRATION
MS = A process of separating particulate matter from a fluid, such as air or a liquid, by passing the fluid carrier through a medium that will not pass the particulates. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)
UI = D005374
Fimbriae, Bacterial
AN = appendages of gram-neg bact; coord IM with specific bacterium (IM or NIM) if pertinent; A 11 qualif except /cytol; /genet permitted; DF: FIMBRIAE BACT
MS = Thin, hairlike appendages, 1 to 20 microns in length and often occurring in large numbers, present on the cells of gram-negative bacteria, particularly Enterobacteriaceae and Neisseria. Unlike flagella, they do not possess motility, but being protein (pilin) in nature, they possess antigenic and hemagglutinating properties. They are of medical importance because some fimbriae mediate the attachment of bacteria to cells via adhesins (ADHESINS, BACTERIAL). Bacterial fimbriae refer to common pili, to be distinguished from the preferred use of "pili", which is confined to sex pili (PILI, SEX).
UI = D010861
Financial Audit
MS = An examination, review and verification of all financial accounts.
UI = D005375
Financial Management
MS = The obtaining and management of funds for institutional needs and responsibility for fiscal affairs.
UI = D005376
Financial Management, Hospital
MS = The obtaining and management of funds for hospital needs and responsibility for fiscal affairs.
UI = D005377
Financial Support
MS = The provision of monetary resources including money or capital and credit; obtaining or furnishing money or capital for a purchase or enterprise and the funds so obtained. (From Random House Unabridged Dictionary, 2d ed.)
UI = D005378
Financing, Construction
MS = Funding resources and procedures for capital improvement or the construction of facilities.
UI = D005379
Financing, Government
AN = specify geog for the govt CATALOG: /geog /form
MS = Federal, state, or local government organized methods of financial assistance.
UI = D005380
Financing, Organized
AN = IM CATALOG: /geog /form
MS = All organized methods of funding.
UI = D005381
Financing, Personal
AN = restricted to a person's payment of health care expenditures: read MeSH definition; not for the personal finances of physicans & other health care professionals: index under PHYSICIANS, DENTISTS, NURSES, PHARMACISTS, etc., for personal non-professional expenses or under PRACTICE MANAGEMENT, MEDICAL, PRACTICE MANAGEMENT, DENTAL & similar headings for finances assoc with professional practice CATALOG: /geog /form
MS = Payment by an individual or his family for health care services which are not covered by a third-party payer, either insurance or medical assistance.
UI = D005382
Finasteride
AN = useful in ther of prostatic hypertrophy
MS = (5 alpha,17 beta)-N-(1,1-Dimethylethyl)-3-oxo-4-azaandrost-1-ene-17-carboxamide. An orally active TESTOSTERONE 5-ALPHA-REDUCTASE inhibitor. It is used as a surgical alternative for treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia.
UI = D018120
Finger Injuries
AN = consider also THUMB /inj
MS = General or unspecified injuries involving the fingers.
UI = D005383
Finger Joint
AN = primates only: TN 117; TN 238: differentiation from FINGERS & indexing instructions
UI = D005384
Fingers
AN = primates only: TN 117; /inj = FINGER INJURIES but consider also THUMB /inj; TN 238: differentiation from FINGER JOINT & indexing instructions; NIM when merely locational as in HAND DERMATOSES (IM)
UI = D005385
Fingersucking
MS = Sucking of the finger. This is one of the most common manipulations of the body found in young children.
UI = D005386
Finite Element Analysis
AN = DF: Finite Element Anal
MS = A computer based method of simulating or analyzing the behavior of structures or components.
UI = D020342
Finland
UI = D005387
Fire Extinguishing Systems
MS = Automatic or hand operated equipment used to control and extinguish fires.
UI = D005388
Firearms
AN = ballistics goes here only if pertinent to nature of firearm; wound ballistics goes under BALLISTICS, WOUND see WOUNDS, GUNSHOT & FORENSIC MEDICINE if pertinent
MS = Small-arms weapons, including handguns, pistols, revolvers, rifles, shotguns, etc.
UI = D005389
Fires
UI = D005390
Firesetting Behavior
MS = A compulsion to set fires.
UI = D005391
First Aid
AN = CATALOG: do not use /pop wks
UI = D005392
Fish Diseases
AN = IM GEN or unspecified; coord IM with specific dis /vet (IM) & specific fish (IM); for abnormalities or injuries, index under FISHES /abnorm or FISHES /inj; don't forget also FISHES (NIM) & check tag ANIMAL; DF: FISH DIS
MS = Diseases of freshwater, marine, hatchery or aquarium fish. This term includes diseases of both teleosts (true fish) and elasmobranchs (sharks, rays and skates).
UI = D005393
Fish Flour
AN = not for "fish meal", which is indexed under FISH PRODUCTS
MS = A flour made of pulverized, dried fish or fish parts.
UI = D005394
Fish Oils
AN = coord IM with specific fish (NIM)
MS = Oils high in unsaturated fats extracted from the bodies of fish or fish parts, especially the livers. Those from the liver are usually high in vitamin A. The oils are used as dietary supplements, in soaps and detergents, as protective coatings, and as a base for other food products such as vegetable shortenings.
UI = D005395
Fish Products
AN = "food products manufactured from fish (e.g., FISH FLOUR, fish meal)" but for canned fish coord FISHES (IM) or specific fish (IM) + FOOD PRESERVATION (IM); coord IM with fish source (NIM)
MS = Food products manufactured from fish (e.g., FISH FLOUR, fish meal).
UI = D005396
Fish Venoms
AN = /antag permitted but consider also ANTIVENINS; /enzymol permitted
MS = Venoms produced by fishes, including sharks and sting rays, usually delivered by spines. They contain various substances, including very labile toxins that affect the heart specifically and all muscles generally.
UI = D005397
Fisheries
AN = specify geog if pertinent CATALOG: /geog /form
MS = Places for cultivation and harvesting of fish, particularly in sea waters. (from McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)
UI = D005398
Fishes
AN = includes teleosts & elasmobranchs; GEN or unspecified; prefer specifics; IM; qualif permitted; canned fish: see note on FISH PRODUCTS
UI = D005399
Fishes, Poisonous
AN = IM; qualif permitted
UI = D005400
Fissure in Ano
AN = ulcer at margin of anus; do not confuse X ref ANAL FISSURE with ANAL FISTULA see RECTAL FISTULA
MS = A painful linear ulcer at the margin of the anus. It appears as a crack or slit in the mucous membrane of the anus and is very painful and difficult to heal. (Dorland, 27th ed & Stedman, 25th ed)
UI = D005401
Fistula
AN = abnorm passage in an organ or between 2 or more organs; GEN or unspecified; prefer specifics; coord IM with organ (IM) or precoord organ/dis term (IM); policy: Manual 23.19+; anal fistula or fistula in ano: index RECTAL FISTULA, not FISSURE IN ANO; artificial fistula: Manual 23.19.7; ECK FISTULA see PORTACAVAL SHUNT, SURGICAL is also available
MS = An abnormal passage or communication, usually between two internal organs, or leading from an internal organ to the surface of the body. It is frequently designated according to the organs or parts with which it communicates, as anovaginal, bronchocutaneous, etc. (From Dorland, 27th ed)
UI = D005402
Fitness Centers
AN = CATALOG: /geog /form
MS = Facilities having programs intended to promote and maintain a state of physical well-being for optimal performance and health.
UI = D020446
Fixation, Ocular
AN = direction of the gaze
MS = The direction of the gaze so that the visual image of the object falls on the fovea centralis of the retina, the area of the most acute vision. (From Dorland, 28th ed)
UI = D005403
Fixatives
AN = do not restrict to histol techniques: may be microbiol techniques also; D25-26 qualif
MS = Agents employed in the preparation of histologic or pathologic specimens for the purpose of maintaining the existing form and structure of all of the constituent elements. Great numbers of different agents are used; some are also decalcifying and hardening agents. They must quickly kill and coagulate living tissue.
UI = D005404
FK 33-824
AN = an encephalin; DF: note short X ref
MS = Stable, synthetic analog of methionine enkephalin (ENKEPHALIN, METHIONINE). Actions are similar to those of methionine enkephalin. Its effects can be reversed by narcotic antagonists such as naloxone.
UI = D005405
FLA 63
AN = a noradrenaline inhib
MS = Bis[(3-methyl-1-imidazolidinyl)thiocarbonyl]disulfide. An inhibitor of the last step of noradrenaline biosynthesis. Synonym: Bis(4-methyl-1-homopiperazinyl)thiuram disulfide.
UI = D005406
Flagella
AN = motility appendage in bact: do not confuse with FLAGELLATA see MASTIGOPHORA, a subphylum of protozoa; A 11 qualif except /cytol; /genet permitted
MS = In bacteria, a whiplike motility appendage present on the surface of some species. Flagella are composed of a protein called flagellin. Bacteria can have a single flagellum, a tuft at one pole, or multiple flagella covering the entire surface. In eukaryotes, flagella are threadlike protoplasmic extensions used to propel flagellates and sperm. Flagella have the same basic structure as CILIA but are longer in proportion to the cell bearing them and present in much smaller numbers. (From King & Stansfield, A Dictionary of Genetics, 4th ed)
UI = D005407
Flagellin
AN = a bact protein
MS = A protein with a molecular weight of 40,000 isolated from bacterial flagella. At appropriate pH and salt concentration, three flagellin monomers can spontaneously reaggregate to form structures which appear identical to intact flagella.
UI = D005408
Flail Chest
AN = compl of chest inj
MS = A complication of multiple rib fractures, rib and sternum fractures, or thoracic surgery. A portion of the chest wall becomes isolated from the thoracic cage and exhibits paradoxical respiration.
UI = D005409
Flame Ionization
AN = a type of gas chromatogr; NIM
MS = Pyrolysis of organic compounds at the temperature of a hydrogen-air flame to produce ionic intermediates which can be collected and the resulting ion current measured by gas chromatography.
UI = D005410
Flame Retardants
MS = Materials applied to fabrics, bedding, furniture, plastics, etc. to retard their burning; many may leach out and cause allergies or other harm.
UI = D005411
Flatfishes
AN = includes sole, turbot & FLOUNDER; IM; qualif permitted
MS = Common name for the order Pleuronectiformes. A very distinctive group in that during development they become asymmetrical, i.e., one eye migrates to lie adjacent to the other. They swim on the eyeless side. Flounder, sole, and turbot, along with several others, are included in this order.
UI = D005412
Flatfoot
AN = congen or acquired
MS = A condition in which one or more of the arches of the foot have flattened out.
UI = D005413
Flatulence
AN = anal expulsion of gas; /drug ther: consider also ANTIFOAMING AGENTS; see note on "intestinal gases" under GASES
MS = Production or presence of gas in the gastrointestinal tract which may be expelled through the anus.
UI = D005414
Flavins
AN = pigments; do not confuse with FLAVONES, bioflavonoids
UI = D005415
Flaviviridae
AN = infection = FLAVIVIRIDAE INFECTIONS
MS = A family of RNA viruses, some formerly classified under Togoviridae, many of which cause disease in humans and domestic animals. The three genera are FLAVIVIRUS, PESTIVIRUS, and HEPATITIS C-LIKE VIRUSES.
UI = D018067
Flaviviridae Infections
AN = caused by members of the Flaviviridae family: do not confuse with FLAVIVIRUS INFECTIONS caused by members of the Flavivirus genus; GEN or unspecified; prefer specifics
MS = Infections with viruses of the family FLAVIVIRIDAE.
UI = D018178
Flavivirus
AN = a genus of the family FLAVIVIRIDAE; infection = FLAVIVIRUS INFECTIONS
MS = A genus of FLAVIVIRIDAE, also known as Group B arbovirus, containing several subgroups and species. Most are arboviruses transmitted by mosquitoes or ticks. The type species is YELLOW FEVER VIRUS.
UI = D005416
Flavivirus Infections
AN = caused by members of the Flavivirus genus: do not confuse with FLAVIVIRIDAE INFECTIONS caused by members of the Flaviviridae family; GEN or unspecified; prefer specifics
MS = Infections with viruses of the genus FLAVIVIRUS, family FLAVIVIRIDAE.
UI = D018177
Flavobacterium
AN = found in soil, water, raw meats, milk, hosp environments & humans; infection: coord IM with GRAM-NEGATIVE BACTERIAL INFECTIONS (IM); DF: FLAVOBACT
MS = A genus of gram-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped bacteria widely distributed in soil and water. Its organisms are also found in raw meats, milk and other foods, hospital environments, and human clinical specimens. Some species are pathogenic in humans.
UI = D005417
Flavodoxin
AN = a bact protein
MS = A low-molecular-weight (16,000) iron-free flavoprotein containing one molecule of flavin mononucleotide (FMN) and isolated from bacteria grown on an iron-deficient medium. It can replace ferredoxin in all the electron-transfer functions in which the latter is known to serve in bacterial cells.
UI = D005418
Flavones
AN = bioflavonoids; do not confuse with FLAVINS, pigments
UI = D005419
Flavoproteins
UI = D005420
Flavoring Agents
AN = IM; coord with specific substance if pertinent (IM); D25-26 qualif
MS = Pharmaceutical or other preparations for improving the taste of a food or medicine. (Dorland, 28th ed, p638)
UI = D005421
Flavoxate
AN = a parasympatholytic
MS = A drug that has been used in various urinary syndromes and as an antispasmodic. Its therapeutic usefulness and its mechanism of action are not clear. It may have local anesthetic activity and direct relaxing effects on smooth muscle as well as some activity as a muscarinic antagonist.
UI = D005422
Flax
AN = a plant yielding linen fibers, linseed & linseed oil; despite X ref FLAXSEED, coord IM with SEEDS (IM)
MS = Any plant of the genus Linum, especially Linum usitatissimum, an annual cultivated for its fiber (manufactured into linen yarn for thread and woven fabrics) and for its seeds, flaxseed, yielding flaxseed oil (also called LINSEED OIL). (From Random House Unabridged Dictionary, 2d ed)
UI = D019597
Fleas
AN = do not use /drug eff for insecticides: TN 111; /microbiol /parasitol /virol permitted
MS = Parasitic, blood-sucking, wingless insects comprising the order Siphonaptera.
UI = D005423
Flecainide
AN = an anti-arrhythmic
MS = N-(2-Piperidinylmethyl)-2,5-bis(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)benzamide. A potent anti-arrhythmia agent, effective in a wide range of ventricular and atrial arrhythmias and tachycardias. Paradoxically, however, in myocardial infarct patients with either symptomatic or asymptomatic arrhythmia, flecainide exacerbates the arrhythmia and is not recommended for use in these patients.
UI = D005424
Fleroxacin
AN = an anti-infective
MS = 6,8-Difluoro-1-(2-fluoroethyl)-1,4-dihydro-7-(4-methyl-1-piperazinyl)-4-oxo-3-quinolinecarboxylic acid. A third-generation fluoroquinolone derivative with a broad antimicrobial spectrum. The drug strongly inhibits the DNA-supercoiling activity of DNA gyrase which may account for its antibacterial activity.
UI = D016576
Flicker Fusion
AN = also called flicker fusion frequency (FFF)
MS = The point or frequency at which all flicker of an intermittent light stimulus disappears.
UI = D005425
Flight, Animal
AN = flight is the use of wings to pass through air: do not confuse with FLIGHT REACTION see ESCAPE REACTION
UI = D005426
Flocculation
AN = almost never IM; no qualif
UI = D005427
Flocculation Tests
AN = NIM
MS = Precipitin tests in which precipitation occurs over a narrow range of antigen-antibody ratio, due chiefly to peculiarities of the antibody (precipitin). (From Stedman, 26th ed)
UI = D005428
Floors and Floorcoverings
AN = for houses, commerc estab, hosp, institutions, etc.; DF: FLOORS
MS = The surface of a structure upon which one stands or walks.
UI = D005430
Florida
UI = D005431
Flounder
AN = NIM when exper animal (see MeSH definition): no qualif; when IM, qualif permitted
MS = Common name for two families of fish belonging to the order Pleuronectiformes and described as left-eye flounders and right-eye flounders. The latter is more commonly used in research.
UI = D005432
Flour
AN = restrict to wheat or other grains; FISH FLOUR is available
UI = D005433
Flow Cytometry
AN = flow cell sorting & FLUORESCENCE-ACTIVATED CELL SORTING: coord with CELL SEPARATION
MS = Technique using an instrument system for making, processing, and displaying one or more measurements on individual cells obtained from a cell suspension. Cells are usually stained with one or more fluorescent dyes specific to cell components of interest, e.g., DNA, and fluorescence of each cell is measured as it rapidly transverses the excitation beam (laser or mercury arc lamp). Fluorescence provides a quantitative measure of various biochemical and biophysical properties of the cell, as well as a basis for cell sorting. Other measurable optical parameters include light absorption and light scattering, the latter being applicable to the measurement of cell size, shape, density, granularity, and stain uptake.
UI = D005434
Flow Injection Analysis
AN = an anal chem technique; NIM; DF: FLOW INJECT ANAL
MS = The analysis of a chemical substance by inserting a sample into a carrier stream of reagent using a sample injection valve that propels the sample downstream where mixing occurs in a coiled tube, then passes into a flow-through detector and a recorder or other data handling device.
UI = D017022
Floxacillin
AN = a lactam antibiotic
MS = 6-(((3-(2-Chloro-6-fluorophenyl)-5-methyl-4-isoxazolyl) carbonyl)amino)-3,3-dimethyl-7-oxo-4-thia-1-azabicyclo (3.2.0)heptane-2-carboxylic acid. Antibiotic analog of CLOXACILLIN.
UI = D005436
Floxuridine
AN = an antiviral & antineoplastic antimetabolite
MS = An antineoplastic antimetabolite that is metabolized to fluorouracil when administered by rapid injection; when administered by slow, continuous, intra-arterial infusion, it is converted to floxuridine monophosphate. It has been used to treat hepatic metastases of gastrointestinal adenocarcinomas and for palliation in malignant neoplasms of the liver and gastrointestinal tract.
UI = D005467
Fluconazole
AN = an antifungal
MS = alpha-(2,4-Difluorophenyl)-alpha (1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-ylmethyl) 1H-1,2,4-triazole-1-ethanol. Triazole antifungal agent that is used to treat oropharyngeal candidiasis and cryptococcal meningitis in AIDS.
UI = D015725
Flucytosine
AN = an antifungal
MS = A fluorinated cytosine analog that is used as an antifungal agent.
UI = D005437
Fludeoxyglucose F 18
MS = The compound is given by intravenous injection for the assessment of cerebral and myocardial glucose metabolism in various physiological or pathological states including stroke and myocardial ischemia. It is also employed for the detection of malignant tumors including those of the brain, liver, and thyroid gland. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1162)
UI = D019788
Fludrocortisone
MS = A synthetic mineralocorticoid with anti-inflammatory activity.
UI = D005438
Flufenamic Acid
MS = An anthranilic acid derivative with analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties. It is used in musculoskeletal and joint disorders and administered by mouth and topically. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p16)
UI = D005439
Fluid Shifts
AN = shift of body fluids; often a result of weightlessness
MS = Translocation of body fluids. Shifts from the lower body to the upper part of the body occur under conditions of actual and simulated weightlessness and have the effect of reducing the total body water content and producing a temporary hypovolemic state. Shifts are also seen following hemodialysis and are caused by electrolyte imbalances. (From Nicogossian, Space Physiology and Medicine, 2d ed, p151)
UI = D018495
Fluid Therapy
AN = "to restore volume & composition of body fluids...with respect to water-electrolyte balance"; for other nourishment use PARENTERAL FEEDING or specifics; do not use /util except by MeSH definition; coord IM with dis /ther (IM), not dis /diet ther; do not specify route of admin unless particularly significant (& then only NIM)
MS = Therapy whose basic objective is to restore the volume and composition of the body fluids to normal with respect to water-electrolyte balance. Fluids may be administered intravenously, orally, by intermittent gavage, or by hypodermoclysis.
UI = D005440
Fluids and Secretions
AN = not used for indexing CATALOG: do not use
MS = Liquid substances produced by living organisms to fulfill specific functions or excreted as waste. Secretions do not include hormones or enzymes.
UI = D005441
Flumazenil
AN = an antidote to benzodiazepine; D25-26 qualif
MS = 8-Fluoro-5,6-dihydro-5-methyl-6-oxo-4H-imidazol(1,5-a)(1,4)benzodiazepine-3-carboxylic acid ethyl ester. A potent benzodiazepine receptor antagonist. Since it reverses the sedative and other actions of benzodiazepines, it has been suggested as an antidote to benzodiazepine overdoses.
UI = D005442
Flumethasone
AN = a steroidal anti-inflamm agent
MS = An anti-inflammatory glucocorticoid used in veterinary practice.
UI = D005443
Flunarizine
AN = a calcium channel blocker
MS = 1-(Bis-(4-fluorophenyl)methyl) -4-cinnamylpiperazine. Flunarizine is a selective calcium entry blocker with calmodulin binding properties and histamine H1 blocking activity. It is effective in the prophylaxis of migraine, occlusive peripheral vascular disease, vertigo of central and peripheral origin, and as an adjuvant in the therapy of epilepsy.
UI = D005444
Flunitrazepam
AN = an anti-anxiety agent; colloquially called "rophies" & "roofies" from X ref ROHYPNOL
MS = Benzodiazepine with pharmacologic actions similar to those of DIAZEPAM. The United States Government has banned the importation of this drug. Steps are being taken to reclassify this substance as a Schedule 1 drug with no accepted medical use.
UI = D005445
Fluocinolone Acetonide
AN = a steroidal anti-inflamm & topical glucocorticoid
MS = A corticosteroid used topically in the treatment of various skin disorders. It is usually employed as a cream, gel, lotion, or ointment. It has also been used topically in the treatment of inflammatory eye, ear, and nose disorders. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p732)
UI = D005446
Fluocinonide
AN = a steroidal anti-inflamm & dermatol agent
MS = 6 alpha,9-Difluoro-11 beta,16 alpha,17,21-tetrahydroxypregna-1,4-diene-3,20-dione, cyclic 16,17-acetal with acetone,21-acetate. A topical glucocorticoid used in the treatment of eczemas.
UI = D005447
Fluocortolone
AN = a steroidal anti-inflamm agent
MS = 6 alpha-Fluoro-11 beta,21-dihydroxy-16 alpha-methylpregna-1,4-diene-3,20-diono. A topical glucocorticoid with anti-inflammatory activity used in the treatment of various skin disorders. It is used also as the acetate, caproate, and pivalate.
UI = D005448
Fluorenes
AN = carcinogenic aromatic hydrocarbons; do not confuse with FLUORINE; D25-26 qualif
MS = A family of diphenylenemethane derivatives.
UI = D005449
Fluorescamine
AN = a reagent; D25-26 qualif
MS = A nonfluorescent reagent for the detection of primary amines, peptides and proteins. The reaction products are highly fluorescent.
UI = D005450
Fluorescein
MS = A phthalic indicator dye that appears yellow-green in normal tear film and bright green in a more alkaline medium, such as the aqueous humor, and is used therapeutically as a diagnostic aid in corneal injuries and corneal trauma. It has been approved by FDA for use in externally applied drugs and cosmetics. (From Merck Index, 12th ed; American Medical Association Drug Evaluations; 1995, p2275)
UI = D019793
Fluorescein Angiography
AN = /drug eff /rad eff permitted; coord disease with /diag, not /radiogr since this is not a radiogr technique; DF: FLUORESCEIN ANGIOGR
MS = Visualization of a vascular system after intravenous injection of a fluorescein solution. The images may be photographed or televised. It is used especially in studying the retinal and uveal vasculature.
UI = D005451
Fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate
AN = a fluorescent dye; DF: note short X ref
MS = 3',6'-Dihydroxy-5-isothiocyanatospiro(isobenzofuran-1(3H),9'-(9H)xanthen)-3-one. Fluorescent probe capable of being conjugated to tissue and proteins. It is used as a label in fluorescent antibody staining procedures as well as protein- and amino acid-binding techniques.
UI = D016650
Fluoresceins
AN = D25-26 qualif
MS = A family of spiro(isobenzofuran-1(3H),9'-(9H)xanthen)-3-one derivatives. These are used as dyes, as indicators for various metals, and as fluorescent labels in immunoassays.
UI = D005452
Fluorescence
AN = no qualif; IM for principle of physics but be careful of use of word describing many "fluorescence" techniques as main headings; fluorescence-activated cell sorting: index under CELL SEPARATION + FLOW CYTOMETRY
MS = The property of emitting radiation while being irradiated. The radiation emitted is usually of longer wavelength than that incident or absorbed, e.g., a substance can be irradiated with invisible radiation and emit visible light. X-ray fluorescence is used in diagnosis.
UI = D005453
Fluorescence Polarization
AN = determ of polarization of fluorescent light: do not confuse with FLUORESCENCE POLARIZATION IMMUNOASSAY, its application to hapten-antibody reaction; NIM
MS = Measurement of the polarization of fluorescent light from solutions or microscopic specimens. It is used to provide information concerning molecular size, shape, and conformation, molecular anisotropy, electronic energy transfer, molecular interaction, including dye and coenzyme binding, and the antigen-antibody reaction.
UI = D005454
Fluorescence Polarization Immunoassay
AN = NIM; application of fluorescence polarization to hapten-antibody reaction: do not confuse with FLUORESCENCE POLARIZATION, determ of polarization of fluorescent light; DF: FPIA
MS = Fluoroimmunoassay where detection of the hapten-antibody reaction is based on measurement of the increased polarization of fluorescence-labeled hapten when it is combined with antibody. The assay is very useful for the measurement of small haptenic antigens such as drugs at low concentrations.
UI = D016231
Fluorescent Antibody Technique
AN = NIM; GEN or unspecified; prefer specifics; DF: FANA TEST CATALOG: do not use /laboratory manuals
MS = Test for tissue antigen using either a direct method, by conjugation of antibody with fluorescent dye (FLUORESCENT ANTIBODY TECHNIQUE, DIRECT) or an indirect method, by formation of antigen-antibody complex which is then labeled with fluorescein-conjugated anti-immunoglobulin antibody (FLUORESCENT ANTIBODY TECHNIQUE, INDIRECT). The tissue is then examined by fluorescence microscopy.
UI = D005455
Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Direct
AN = NIM; FLUORESCENT ANTIBODY TECHNIQUE, INDIRECT is also available; DF: DFAT CATALOG: do not use /laboratory manuals
MS = A form of fluorescent antibody technique utilizing a fluorochrome conjugated to an antibody, which is added directly to a tissue or cell suspension for the detection of a specific antigen. (Bennington, Saunders Dictionary & Encyclopedia of Laboratory Medicine and Technology, 1984)
UI = D019085
Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect
AN = NIM; FLUORESCENT ANTIBODY TECHNIQUE, DIRECT is also available; DF: IFAT CATALOG: do not use /laboratory manuals
MS = A form of fluorescent antibody technique commonly used to detect serum antibodies and immune complexes in tissues and microorganisms in specimens from patients with infectious diseases. The technique involves formation of an antigen-antibody complex which is labeled with fluorescein-conjugated anti-immunoglobulin antibody. (From Bennington, Saunders Dictionary & Encyclopedia of Laboratory Medicine and Technology, 1984)
UI = D019084
Fluorescent Dyes
AN = D25-26 qualif
MS = Dyes that emit light when exposed to light. The wave length of the emitted light is usually longer than that of the incident light. Fluorochromes are substances that cause fluorescence in other substances, i.e., dyes used to mark or label other compounds with fluorescent tags. They are used as markers in biochemistry and immunology.
UI = D005456
Fluorescent Treponemal Antibody-Absorption Test
AN = do not use /util except by MeSH definition; DF: note short X ref
MS = Serologic assay that detects antibodies to Treponema pallidum, the etiologic agent of syphilis. After diluting the patient's serum to remove non-specific antibodies, the serum is mixed on a glass slide with Nichol's strain of Treponema pallidum. An antigen-antibody reaction occurs if the test is positive and the bound antibodies are detected with fluoresceinated antihuman gamma-globulin antibody.
UI = D016508
Fluoridation
AN = /adv eff permitted but more likely is FLUORIDES /adv eff or specific fluoride terms /adv eff; = "fluoridation of water supply" so do not also coord with WATER SUPPLY
UI = D005457
Fluoride Poisoning
MS = GEN or unspecified fluoride; prefer /pois with specific fluoride term
UI = D005458
Fluorides
AN = only for inorganic cpds or fluoride ion; /admin: consider also FLUORIDES, TOPICAL
MS = Inorganic salts of hydrofluoric acid, HF, in which the fluorine atom is in the -1 oxidation state. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed) Sodium and stannous salts are commonly used in dentifrices.
UI = D005459
Fluorides, Topical
AN = cariostatic agents; D25-26 qualif; fluoride-containing toothpastes: index TOOTHPASTE (IM) + FLUORIDES (IM), not here; fluoride-containing mouthwashes: index MOUTHWASHES (IM) + FLUORIDES (IM), not here
MS = Fluorides, usually as pastes or gels, used for topical application to reduce the incidence of dental caries.
UI = D005460
Fluorine
AN = a trace element & halogen; F-19; F-17, 18, 20-22 = FLUORINE RADIOISOTOPES (IM)
MS = A nonmetallic, gaseous element, belonging to the halogen group. It has the atomic symbol F, atomic number 9, and atomic weight 19. In the form of fluoride, it is incorporated into the structure of bone and teeth and provides protection against dental caries; an excess of fluorine may result in fluorosis. (From Dorland, 27th ed)
UI = D005461
Fluorine Compounds
AN = inorganic; GEN or unspecified; prefer specifics; DF: FLUORINE CPDS
MS = Inorganic compounds that contain fluorine as an integral part of the molecule.
UI = D017611
Fluorine Radioisotopes
AN = F-17, 18, 20-22; /blood-csf-urine /metab permitted but not for tracer studies ( = /diag use)
MS = Unstable isotopes of fluorine that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. F atoms with atomic weights 17, 18, and 20-22 are radioactive fluorine isotopes.
UI = D005462
Fluoroacetates
MS = Derivatives of acetic acid with one or more fluorines attached. They are almost odorless, difficult to detect chemically, and very stable. The acid itself, as well as the derivatives that are broken down in the body to the acid, are highly toxic substances, behaving as convulsant poisons with a delayed action. (From Miall's Dictionary of Chemistry, 5th ed)
UI = D005463
Fluorobenzenes
UI = D005464
Fluorocarbon Polymers
AN = D25-26 qualif
UI = D005465
Fluorocarbons
AN = do not confuse with HYDROCARBONS, FLUORINATED or CHLOROFLUOROCARBONS
MS = Liquid perfluorinated carbon compounds which may or may not contain a hetero atom such as nitrogen, oxygen or sulfur, but do not contain another halogen or hydrogen atom. This concept includes fluorocarbon emulsions and fluorocarbon blood substitutes.
UI = D005466
Fluorodeoxyuridylate
MS = 5-Fluoro-2'-deoxyuridylate. An inhibitor of thymidylate synthetase. Formed from 5-fluorouracil or 5-fluorodeoxyuridine.
UI = D005468
Fluoroimmunoassay
AN = used with reference to the FLUORESCENT ANTIBODY TECHNIQUE where it is indented; NIM
MS = The use of fluorescence spectrometry to obtain quantitative results for the FLUORESCENT ANTIBODY TECHNIQUE. One advantage over the other methods (e.g., radioimmunoassay) is its extreme sensitivity, with a detection limit on the order of tenths of microgram/liter.
UI = D015200
p-Fluorophenylalanine
MS = 3-(p-Fluorophenyl)-alanine.
UI = D010135
Fluorometholone
AN = a steroidal anti-inflamm & topical glucocorticoid
MS = A glucocorticoid employed, usually as eye drops, in the treatment of allergic and inflammatory conditions of the eye. It has also been used topically in the treatment of various skin disorders. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p732)
UI = D005469
Fluorometry
AN = NIM
UI = D005470
Fluorophotometry
AN = NIM; note X refs & read MeSH definition: restrict to ophthalmology
MS = Measurement of light given off by fluorescein in order to assess the integrity of various ocular barriers. The method is used to investigate the blood-aqueous barrier, blood-retinal barrier, aqueous flow measurements, corneal endothelial permeability, and tear flow dynamics.
UI = D015590
Fluoroscopy
AN = NIM; do not use /util except by MeSH definition
MS = Production of an image when x-rays strike a fluorescent screen.
UI = D005471
Fluorosis, Dental
AN = do not confuse with TOOTH DISCOLORATION; DF: FLUOROSIS DENT
MS = A chronic endemic form of hypoplasia of the dental enamel caused by drinking water with a high fluorine content during the time of tooth formation, and characterized by defective calcification that gives a white chalky appearance to the enamel, which gradually undergoes brown discoloration. (Jablonski's Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992, p286)
UI = D009050
Fluorouracil
AN = an antineoplastic antimetabolite
MS = 5-Fluoro-2,4(1H,3H)-pyrimidinedione. A pyrimidine analog that acts as an antineoplastic antimetabolite and also has immunosuppressant. It interferes with DNA synthesis by blocking the thymidylate synthetase conversion of deoxyuridylic acid to thymidylic acid.
UI = D005472
Fluoxetine
AN = a serotonin uptake inhib & antidepressant
MS = The first highly specific serotonin uptake inhibitor. It is used as an antidepressant and often has a more acceptable side-effects profile than traditional antidepressants.
UI = D005473
Fluoxymesterone
AN = an anabolic steroid
MS = An anabolic steroid that has been used in the treatment of male hypogonadism, delayed puberty in males, and in the treatment of breast neoplasms in women.
UI = D005474
Flupenthixol
AN = an antipsychotic agent
MS = A thioxanthene neuroleptic that, unlike CHLORPROMAZINE, is claimed to have CNS-activating properties. It is used in the treatment of psychoses although not in excited or manic patients. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p595)
UI = D005475
Fluphenazine
AN = an antipsychotic agent
MS = A phenothiazine used in the treatment of psychoses. Its properties and uses are generally similar to those of CHLORPROMAZINE.
UI = D005476
Fluprednisolone
AN = a steroidal anti-inflamm agent
MS = A synthetic glucocorticoid with anti-inflammatory properties.
UI = D005477
Flurandrenolone
AN = a steroidal anti-inflamm & dermatol agent
MS = A corticosteroid used topically in the treatment of various skin disorders. It is usually employed as a cream or an ointment, and is also used as a polyethylene tape with an adhesive. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p733)
UI = D005478
Flurazepam
AN = an anti-anxiety agent
MS = A benzodiazepine derivative used mainly as a hypnotic.
UI = D005479
Flurbiprofen
MS = An anti-inflammatory analgesic and antipyretic of the phenylalkynoic acid series. It has been shown to reduce bone resorption in periodontal disease by inhibiting carbonic anhydrase.
UI = D005480
Flurogestone Acetate
AN = a synthetic progestational hormone
MS = A synthetic fluorinated steroid that is used as a progestational hormone.
UI = D003425
Flurothyl
AN = a convulsant
MS = A convulsant primarily used in experimental animals. It was formerly used to induce convulsions as a alternative to electroshock therapy.
UI = D005481
Flushing
AN = transient redness of face & neck; note category: do not confuse with BLUSHING (F1 & F2) nor HOT FLASHES in menopause (C23)
MS = Transient redness of the face and neck caused by cutaneous vasodilation due to a variety of causes, such as drugs, alcohol, and carcinoid tumors. It does not include BLUSHING.
UI = D005483
Fluspirilene
AN = an antipsychotic agent
MS = A long-acting injectable antipsychotic agent used for chronic schizophrenia.
UI = D005484
Flutamide
AN = an androgen antag
MS = 2-Methyl-N-(4-nitro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)propanamide. An antiandrogen with about the same potency as cyproterone in rodent and canine species.
UI = D005485
Fluvoxamine
AN = a serotonin uptake inhib & antidepressant
MS = A selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor. It is effective in the treatment of depression, obsessive-compulsive disorders, anxiety, panic disorders, and alcohol amnestic disorders.
UI = D016666
FMN
AN = a coenzyme
MS = Riboflavin 5'-(dihydrogen phosphate). A coenzyme for a number of oxidative enzymes including NADH DEHYDROGENASE. It is the principal form in which RIBOFLAVIN is found in cells and tissues.
UI = D005486
FMRFamide
MS = A molluscan neuroactive peptide which induces a fast excitatory depolarizing response due to direct activation of an amiloride-sensitive Na+ channel. (From Nature 1995; 378(6558): 730-3)
UI = D019835
Foam Cells
AN = "lipid-laden macrophages"; A 11 qualif
MS = Lipid-laden macrophages originating from monocytes or from smooth muscle cells.
UI = D005487
Focal Dermal Hypoplasia
AN = sometimes called Goltz-Gorlin syndrome but do not confuse with Gorlin-Goltz syndrome which is same as GORLIN SYNDROME see BASAL CELL NEVUS SYNDROME; do not use /congen & do not coord with INFANT, NEWBORN, DISEASES CATALOG: do not use /in inf
MS = A genetic skin disease characterized by hypoplasia of the dermis, herniations of fat, and hand anomalies. It is found exclusively in females and transmitted as an X-linked dominant trait.
UI = D005489
Focal Epithelial Hyperplasia
AN = a mouth dis; DF: note short X ref
MS = Hyperplasia of the mucous membrane of the lips, tongue, and less commonly, the buccal mucosa, floor of the mouth, and palate, presenting soft, painless, round to oval sessile papules about 1 to 4 mm in diameter. The condition usually occurs in children and young adults and has familial predilection, lasting for several months, sometimes years, before running its course. A viral etiology is suspected, the isolated organism being usually the human papillomavirus. (Jablonski, Illustrated Dictionary of Dentistry; Belshe, Textbook of Human Virology, 2d ed, p954)
UI = D017573
Focal Infection
AN = IM; coord with precoord organ/dis site of infection (IM) + name of infection (IM)
UI = D005490
Focal Infection, Dental
AN = IM; coord with precoord organ/dis site of infection (IM) + name of infection (IM); DF: FOCAL INFECT DENT
MS = Secondary or systemic infections due to dissemination throughout the body of microorganisms whose primary focus of infection lies in the periodontal tissues.
UI = D005491
Focus Groups
AN = a method of data collection & qualitative research
MS = A method of data collection and a qualitative research tool in which a small group of individuals are brought together and allowed to interact in a discussion of their opinions about topics, issues, or questions.
UI = D017144
Folic Acid
AN = a B vitamin; a hematinic; /biosyn permitted for bact & yeasts; /physiol permitted
MS = N-(4-(((2-Amino-1,4-dihydro-4-oxo-6-pteridinyl)methyl)amino)benzoyl)-L-glutamic acid. A member of the vitamin B family that stimulates the hematopoietic system. It is present in the liver and kidney and is found in mushrooms, spinach, yeast, green leaves, and grasses. Folic acid is used in the treatment and prevention of folate deficiencies and megaloblastic anemia.
UI = D005492
Folic Acid Antagonists
AN = DF: FOLIC ACID ANTAG
MS = Inhibitors of the enzyme, dihydrofolate reductase (TETRAHYDROFOLATE DEHYDROGENASE), which converts dihydrofolate (FH2) to tetrahydrofolate (FH4). They are frequently used in cancer chemotherapy. (From AMA, Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p2033)
UI = D005493
Folic Acid Deficiency
AN = a vitamin B defic; DF: FOLIC ACID DEFIC
MS = A nutritional condition produced by a deficiency of FOLIC ACID in the diet. Many plant and animal tissues contain folic acid, abundant in green leafy vegetables, yeast, liver, and mushrooms but destroyed by long-term cooking. Alcohol interferes with its intermediate metabolism and absorption. Folic acid deficiency may develop in long-term anticonvulsant therapy or with use of oral contraceptives. This deficiency causes anemia, macrocytic anemia, and megaloblastic anemia. It is indistinguishable from vitamin B 12 deficiency in peripheral blood and bone marrow findings, but the neurologic lesions seen in B 12 deficiency do not occur. (Merck Manual, 16th ed)
UI = D005494
Folklore
AN = no qualif
MS = The common orally transmitted traditions, myths, festivals, songs, superstitions, and stories of all peoples.
UI = D005495
Follicular Atresia
AN = note category; qualif permitted as for PREGNANCY
MS = The degeneration and resorption of an ovarian follicle before it reaches maturity and ruptures.
UI = D005496
Follicular Cyst
AN = non-neoplastic; /blood supply /chem /secret /ultrastruct permitted
MS = Cyst due to the occlusion of the duct of a follicle or small gland.
UI = D005497
Follicular Fluid
AN = "follicular" refers to the Graafian follicle
MS = A fluid consisting of sex steroid hormones, plasma proteins, mucopolysaccharides, and electrolytes that is present in the vesicular ovarian follicle (Graafian follicle) surrounding the ovum.
UI = D015571
Follicular Phase
AN = qualif permitted as for PREGNANCY
MS = The period of the menstrual cycle that begins with menstruation and ends with ovulation.
UI = D005498
Folliculitis
AN = inflammation of hair follicles
MS = Inflammation of follicles, primarily hair follicles.
UI = D005499
Follow-Up Studies
AN = IM GEN only; coord NIM with specific disease (IM); no qualif; specify geog if pertinent; TN 86: definition & use: usually epidemiol in concept; relation to age tag: Manual 18.5.13, relation to CASE REPORT: Manual 18.11.6
MS = Studies in which individuals or populations are followed to assess the outcome of exposures, procedures, or effects of a characteristic, e.g., occurrence of disease.
UI = D005500
Fonofos
AN = an organothiophosphate insecticide; TN 111 for eff on insects
MS = An organothiophosphorus cholinesterase inhibitor that is used as an insecticide.
UI = D004397
Fontan Procedure
MS = A procedure in which total right atrial or total caval blood flow is channeled directly into the pulmonary artery or into a small right ventricle that serves only as a conduit. The principal congenital malformations for which this operation is useful are TRICUSPID ATRESIA and single ventricle with pulmonary stenosis.
UI = D018729
Food
AN = /adv eff = probably FOOD HYPERSENSITIVITY or FOOD POISONING; /rad eff = probably FOOD IRRADIATION or FOOD CONTAMINATION, RADIOACTIVE; Manual 31.5-31.12; food consumption = FOOD or EATING or FOOD SUPPLY; food for animals = ANIMAL FEED; refeeding after starvation goes here; microbes found in food: consider FOOD MICROBIOLOGY (IM) + specific microbe (IM); parasites found in food: consider FOOD PARASITOLOGY (IM) + specific parasite (IM); differentiation from DIET & NUTRITION: see note under NUTRITION & Manual 31.5
MS = Anything which, when taken into the body, serves to nourish or build up the tissues or to supply body heat. (Dorland, 27th ed)
UI = D005502
Food Additives
AN = D25-26 qualif
MS = Substances which are of little or no nutritive value, but are used in the processing or storage of foods or animal feed, especially in the developed countries; includes ANTIOXIDANTS, FOOD PRESERVATIVES, FOOD COLORING AGENTS, FLAVORING AGENTS, ANTI-INFECTIVE AGENTS (both plain and LOCAL), VEHICLES, EXCIPIENTS and other similarly used substances. Many of the same substances are PHARMACEUTIC AIDS when added to pharmaceuticals rather than to foods.
UI = D005503
Food Analysis
AN = GEN only; prefer /anal with specific food item in Cat J2
UI = D005504
Food and Beverages
AN = not used for indexing CATALOG: do not use
MS = Edible or potable substances.
UI = D019602
Food Coloring Agents
AN = D25-26 qualif
MS = Natural or synthetic dyes used as coloring agents in processed foods.
UI = D005505
Food Chain
MS = The sequence of transfers of matter and energy from organism to organism in the form of food. Food chains intertwine locally into a food web because most organisms consume more than one type of animal or plant. Plants, which convert solar energy to food by photosynthesis, are the primary food source. In a predator chain, a plant-eating animal is eaten by a larger animal. In a parasite chain, a smaller organism consumes part of a larger host and may itself be parasitized by smaller organisms. In a saprophytic chain, microorganisms live on dead organic matter.
UI = D020387
Food Contamination
AN = coord IM with specific food item probably NIM; contamination by dirt, dust, chemicals & toxic substances, organisms; contamination by microbes: consider FOOD MICROBIOLOGY (IM) + specific microbe (IM) + specific food item (IM or NIM); contamination by parasites: consider FOOD PARASITOLOGY (IM) + specific parasite (IM) + specific food item (IM or NIM)
MS = The presence in food of harmful, unpalatable, or otherwise objectionable foreign substances, e.g. chemicals, microorganisms or diluents, before, during, or after processing or storage.
UI = D005506
Food Contamination, Radioactive
AN = do not confuse with FOOD IRRADIATION: food preservation by irradiation
UI = D005507
Food Deprivation
AN = human & animal; /physiol permitted for physiol & metab eff
MS = The withholding of food in a structured experimental situation.
UI = D005508
Food Dispensers, Automatic
MS = Mechanical food dispensing machines.
UI = D005509
Food Habits
AN = IM CATALOG: /geog /form
MS = Acquired or learned food preferences.
UI = D005510
Food Handling
AN = includes prep, processing, handling, transport, serving, delivering, etc.
MS = Any aspect of the operations in the preparation, transport, storage, packaging, wrapping, exposure for sale, service, or delivery of food.
UI = D005511
Food Hypersensitivity
AN = an immed hypersensitivity; coord IM with specific food /adv eff (IM): Manual 31.12; MILK HYPERSENSITIVITY is also available
MS = Gastrointestinal disturbances, skin eruptions, or shock due to allergic reactions to allergens ingested in food.
UI = D005512
Food Industry
AN = GEN or unspecified; prefer specific activities; DF: FOOD INDUST CATALOG:/geog /form
MS = The industry concerned with processing, preparing, preserving, distributing, and serving of foods and beverages.
UI = D019649
Food Inspection
AN = IM; coord with milieu (IM) or specific food (IM) if pertinent CATALOG: /geog /form
MS = Examination of foods to assure wholesome and clean products free from unsafe microbes or chemical contamination, natural or added deleterious substances, and decomposition during production, processing, packaging, etc.
UI = D005513
Food Irradiation
AN = food preservation by irradiation: do not confuse with FOOD CONTAMINATION, RADIOACTIVE; DF: FOOD IRRAD
UI = D005514
Food Labeling
MS = Use of written, printed, or graphic materials upon or accompanying a food or its container or wrapper. The concept includes ingredients, nutritional value, directions, warnings, and other relevant information.
UI = D005515
Food Microbiology
AN = GEN or unspecified only: prefer /microbiol, /parasitol or /virol with specific food item; coord IM with specific microbe (IM); restrict to microbes: contamination by parasites = FOOD PARASITOLOGY (IM) + specific parasite (IM); DF: FOOD MICROBIOL
MS = The presence of bacteria, viruses, and fungi in food and food products. This term is not restricted to pathogenic organisms: the presence of various non-pathogenic bacteria and fungi in cheeses and wines, for example, is included in this concept.
UI = D005516
Food Packaging
AN = includes containers, packaging methods, packaging materials; IM; coord with specific food (IM); FOOD LABELING is also available
MS = Containers, packaging, and packaging materials for processed and raw foods and beverages. It includes packaging intended to be used for storage and also used for preparation of foods such as microwave food containers versus COOKING AND EATING UTENSILS. Packaging materials may be intended for food contact or designated non-contact, for example, shipping containers. FOOD LABELING is also available.
UI = D018857
Food Parasitology
AN = IM; coord IM with specific parasite (IM) + specific food item (IM or NIM depending upon significance); DF: FOOD PARASITOL
MS = The presence of parasites in food and food products. For the presence of bacteria, viruses, and fungi in food, FOOD MICROBIOLOGY is available.
UI = D016266
Food Poisoning
AN = GEN only; prefer /pois with specific food items in Cat J2: Manual 31.11; MUSHROOM POISONING, PLANT POISONING, SALMONELLA FOOD POISONING & STAPHYLOCOCCAL FOOD POISONING are also available
UI = D005517
Food Preferences
AN = human & animal
MS = The selection of one food over another.
UI = D005518
Food Preservation
UI = D005519
Food Preservatives
AN = D25-26 qualif
MS = Substances capable of inhibiting, retarding or arresting the process of fermentation, acidification or other deterioration of foods.
UI = D005520
Food Service, Hospital
AN = DF: FOOD SERV HOSP CATALOG: /geog /form
MS = Hospital department that manages and supervises the dietary program in accordance with the patients' requirements.
UI = D005521
Food Services
AN = includes food distribution programs, food stamp plans, school lunches, child feeding programs; do not confuse with DIETARY SERVICES where nutrition is emphasized; DF: FOOD SER CATALOG: /geog /form
MS = Functions, equipment, and facilities concerned with the preparation and distribution of ready-to-eat food.
UI = D005522
Food Supply
AN = specify geog if pertinent CATALOG: /geog /form
UI = D005523
Food Technology
AN = IM; usually in ref to the food industry & food manufacture or prep on a large scale; covers aroma, flavor, color, texture, temperature, preparability, cookability, packaging, etc.; SPEC: SPEC qualif; DF: FOOD TECHNOL CATALOG: /geog /form
MS = The application of knowledge to the food industry.
UI = D005524
Food-Drug Interactions
AN = IM; coord with specific food (IM) + specific drug (IM) with pertinent qualif
MS = The pharmacological result, either desirable or undesirable, of drugs interacting with components of the diet. (From Stedman, 25th ed)
UI = D018565
Food-Processing Industry
AN = SPEC: SPEC qualifs; DF: FOOD PROCESSING INDUST
MS = The productive enterprises concerned with food processing.
UI = D005525
Food, Formulated
AN = includes imitation eggs, meat, dairy prod, space diets, weight reduction formulas, tube-feeding diets; does not include infant formulas and baby foods ( = INFANT FOOD); do not confuse with FOOD, FORTIFIED which emphasizes addition of essential nutrients
MS = Food and dietary formulations including elemental (chemically defined formula) diets, synthetic and semisynthetic diets, space diets, weight-reduction formulas, tube-feeding diets, complete liquid diets, and supplemental liquid and solid diets.
UI = D005526
Food, Fortified
AN = coord IM with added nutrient if relevant (IM); do not confuse with FOOD, FORMULATED or DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS: read MeSH definitions
MS = Any food that has been supplemented with essential nutrients either in quantities that are greater than those present normally, or which are not present in the fortified food. The supplementation of cereals with iron and vitamins is an example of fortified food. Fortified food includes also enriched food to which various nutrients have been added to compensate for those essential nutrients removed by refinement or processing. (From Segen, Dictionary of Modern Medicine, 1992)
UI = D005527
Foods, Specialized
AN = GEN or unspecified; prefer specific groups
MS = Foods and beverages prepared for use to meet specific needs such as infant foods.
UI = D019648
Foot
AN = vertebrates only: for invertebrates use EXTREMITIES: TN 117; dis of foot = FOOT DISEASES; skin dis on foot = FOOT DERMATOSES: see note there; neopl of foot: use neopl coords (IM) + FOOT DISEASES (IM); foot prints (like finger prints) = PLANTAR PRINTS see DERMATOGLYPHICS
MS = The distal portion of the primate leg, upon which an individual stands and walks. It consists, in man, of the tarsus, metatarsus, and phalanges and the tissues encompassing them. (Dorland, 27th ed)
UI = D005528
Foot Bones
AN = GEN or unspecified; prefer specifics
MS = The bones of the distal portion of the leg in man and animal. In the human, it consists of the TARSAL BONES, the METATARSAL BONES, the phalanges (TOES), and the tissues encompassing them. (Dorland, 28th ed, p648)
UI = D005529
Foot Deformities
AN = GEN or unspecified; prefer specifics
MS = Alterations or deviations from normal shape or size which result in a disfigurement of the foot.
UI = D005530
Foot Deformities, Acquired
AN = deformity of bone, joint, muscle, etc.
MS = Distortion or disfigurement of the foot, or a part of the foot, acquired through disease or injury after birth.
UI = D005531
Foot Deformities, Congenital
AN = do not use /congen & do not coord with INFANT, NEWBORN, DISEASES CATALOG: do not use /in inf
MS = Alterations or deviations from normal shape or size which result in a disfigurement of the foot occurring at or before birth.
UI = D005532
Foot Dermatoses
AN = GEN & coord for specific diseases of the foot (except for those indented under FOOT DISEASES in C23); not as coord for neoplasms of the foot (use neopl coords (IM) with FOOT DISEASES (IM)); consider synonym for dermatitis of foot & do not add DERMATITIS unless one of the specific DERMATITIS terms in MeSH
MS = Skin diseases of the foot, general or unspecified.
UI = D005533
Foot Diseases
AN = skin dis on foot = FOOT DERMATOSES; neopl of foot: use neopl coords (IM) + FOOT DISEASES (IM); foot ulcer = FOOT ULCER
UI = D005534
Foot Injuries
AN = GEN or unspecified; consider also /inj with specific sites of foot
MS = General or unspecified injuries involving the foot.
UI = D018409
Foot Rot
AN = coord IM with appropriate infection term (IM) + precoord animal/dis term (IM) + animal (NIM) or animal (IM) in absence of precoord + check tag ANIMAL
MS = A disease of the feet of cattle and sheep, marked by decay of the hoof and an offensive discharge. It is caused by FUSOBACTERIUM NECROPHORUM in cattle and DICHELOBACTER NODOSUS in sheep. It is especially common in animals grazing on soft, wet pasture. (Dorland, 28th ed)
UI = D005535
Foot Ulcer
AN = DIABETIC FOOT is also available
MS = Lesion on the surface of the skin of the foot, usually accompanied by inflammation. The lesion may become infected or necrotic and is frequently associated with diabetes or leprosy.
UI = D016523
Foot-and-Mouth Disease
AN = caused by a picornavirus: do not confuse with HAND, FOOT AND MOUTH DISEASE, a Coxsackie virus infect; check tag ANIMAL; DF: FOOT MOUTH DIS
UI = D005536
Football
AN = /inj: coord IM with specific inj (IM); /physiol permitted; Manual 30.15+; note X ref RUGBY; does not include non-North American "football" ( = SOCCER)
MS = A competitive team sport played on a rectangular field. This is the American or Canadian version of the game and also includes the form known as rugby. It does not include non-North American football (= SOCCER).
UI = D005538
Foramen Magnum
UI = D005539
Forced Expiratory Flow Rates
AN = a vital capacity test; GEN or unspecified; prefer specifics; do not confuse with FORCED EXPIRATORY VOLUME, a specific test of pulm ventilation; NIM
MS = Measurements of rates of airflow during a forced vital capacity determination.
UI = D005540
Forced Expiratory Volume
AN = NIM; do not confuse with FORCED EXPIRATORY FLOW RATES; DF: FEV
MS = Measure of the maximum amount of air during a forced vital capacity determination that can be expelled in a given number of seconds. It is usually given as FEV followed by a subscript indicating the number of seconds over which the measurement is made, although it is sometimes given as a percentage of forced vital capacity.
UI = D005541
Forearm
AN = primates only: use FORELIMB for non-primate vertebrates & EXTREMITIES for invertebrates: TN 117; for bones use RADIUS or ULNA; NIM when merely locational as in skin dis (IM)
UI = D005542
Forearm Injuries
AN = GEN & unspecified for soft tissue & bones; consider also /inj with specific bones & also specific fracture terms; available also are HAND INJURIES, FINGER INJURIES & WRIST INJURIES
MS = Injuries to the part of the upper limb of the body between the wrist and elbow.
UI = D005543
Forecasting
AN = IM general only; consider also as IM coord with specific subject /trends (IM) if future is particularly significant: Manual 19.8.76, 35.2.9
MS = The prediction or projection of the nature of future problems or existing conditions based upon the extrapolation or interpretation of existing scientific data or by the application of scientific methodology.
UI = D005544
Forefoot, Human
AN = do not confuse with FORELIMB for non-primate vertebrates
MS = The forepart of the foot including the metatarsals and the TOES.
UI = D005545
Forehead
AN = NIM as locational, no qualif
MS = The part of the face above the eyes.
UI = D005546
Foreign Bodies
AN = coord IM with organ (IM), not organ/dis: Manual 21.39; EYE FOREIGN BODIES is available; FOREIGN-BODY MIGRATION & FOREIGN-BODY REACTION are also available
UI = D005547
Foreign-Body Migration
AN = note category
MS = Migration of a foreign body from its original location to some other location in the body.
UI = D005548
Foreign-Body Reaction
AN = note category: in presence of a dis, use /etiol, not /compl
MS = Chronic inflammation and granuloma formation around irritating foreign bodies.
UI = D005549
Foreign Medical Graduates
AN = specify geog; DF: FOREIGN MED GRAD CATALOG: /geog /form
MS = Physicians who hold degrees from medical schools in countries other than the ones in which they practice.
UI = D005550
Foreign Professional Personnel
AN = specify geog CATALOG: /geog /form
MS = Persons who have acquired academic or specialized training in countries other than that in which they are working. The concept excludes physicians for which FOREIGN MEDICAL GRADUATES is the likely heading.
UI = D005551
Forelimb
AN = non-primate vertebrates only: for human use ARM; for invertebrates use EXTREMITIES; TN 75: animal extremities; TN 117: table of animal extremities
MS = A front limb of a quadruped. (The Random House College Dictionary, 1980)
UI = D005552
Forensic Anthropology
AN = restrict to identif of skeletal remains; do not confuse with identif by coroners, med examiners & forensic pathologists; SPEC: SPEC qualif; NIM as coord, no qualif; human identif by teeth: coord FORENSIC DENTISTRY (IM) + specific dent heading (IM); DF: FORENSIC ANTHROPOL
MS = Scientific study of human skeletal remains with the express purpose of identification. This includes establishing individual identity, trauma analysis, facial reconstruction, photographic superimposition, determination of time interval since death, and crime-scene recovery. Forensic anthropologists do not certify cause of death but provide data to assist in determination of probable cause. This is a branch of the field of physical anthropology and qualified individuals are certified by the American Board of Forensic Anthropology. (From Am J Forensic Med Pathol 1992 Jun;13(2):146)
UI = D018732
Forensic Dentistry
AN = SPEC qualif; see note on FORENSIC MEDICINE; for human identif by teeth: coord FORENSIC DENTISTRY (IM) + specific dent heading (IM); DF: FORENSIC DENT
MS = The application of dental knowledge to questions of law.
UI = D005553
Forensic Medicine
AN = SPEC qualif; for crime or identification: differentiate from JURISPRUDENCE, usually civil suits; for human identif of skeletal remains see FORENSIC ANTHROPOLOGY; for human identif by teeth see FORENSIC DENTISTRY; ballistics goes under BALLISTICS, WOUND see WOUNDS, GUNSHOT but here also if pertinent; DF: FORENSIC MED
MS = The application of medical knowledge to questions of law.
UI = D005554
Forensic Psychiatry
AN = SPEC qualif
MS = Psychiatry in its legal aspects. This includes criminology, penology, commitment of mentally ill, the psychiatrist's role in compensation cases, the problems of releasing information to the court, and of expert testimony.
UI = D005555
Forestry
AN = SPEC: SPEC qualif
MS = The science of developing, caring for, or cultivating forests.
UI = D016468
Form Perception
MS = The sensory discrimination of a pattern shape or outline.
UI = D005556
Formaldehyde
MS = A highly reactive aldehyde gas formed by oxidation or incomplete combustion of hydrocarbons. In solution, it has a wide range of uses: in the manufacture of resins and textiles, as a disinfectant, and as a laboratory fixative or preservative. Formaldehyde solution (formalin) is considered a hazardous compound, and its vapor toxic. (From Reynolds, Martindale The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p717)
UI = D005557
Formamides
AN = D25-26 qualif
MS = A group of amides with the general formula of R-CONH2.
UI = D005559
Formate Dehydrogenases
MS = Flavoproteins that catalyze reversibly the reduction of carbon dioxide to formate. Many compounds can act as acceptors, but the only physiologically active acceptor is NAD. The enzymes are active in the fermentation of sugars and other compounds to carbon dioxide and are the key enzymes in obtaining energy when bacteria are grown on formate as the main carbon source. They have been purified from bovine blood. EC 1.2.1.2.
UI = D005560
Formates
UI = D005561
Formate-Tetrahydrofolate Ligase
MS = An enzyme that catalyzes the formation of 10-formyltetrahydrofolate from formate and tetrahydrofolate in the presence of ATP. This enzyme has been found in pigeon liver, human erythrocytes and some microorganisms. EC 6.3.4.3.
UI = D005574
Formazans
AN = reagents; D25-26 qualif
MS = Colored azo compounds formed by the reduction of tetrazolium salts. Employing this reaction, oxidoreductase activity can be determined quantitatively in tissue sections by allowing the enzymes to act on their specific substrates in the presence of tetrazolium salts.
UI = D005562
Formic Acid Esters
UI = D005563
Formic Acids
UI = D005564
Formiminoglutamic Acid
MS = 2-(Formylazo)glutaric acid. Measurement of this acid in the urine after oral administration of histidine provides the basis for the diagnostic test of folic acid deficiency and of megaloblastic anemia of pregnancy.
UI = D005565
Formocresols
UI = D005566
Forms [Publication Type]
MS = Works consisting of or containing a substantial number of blank forms.
UI = D020478
Forms and Records Control
AN = coord NIM with specific records heading (e.g., MEDICAL RECORDS, NURSING RECORDS) (IM); DF: FORMS CONTROL
MS = A management function in which standards and guidelines are developed for the developing, maintaining, and handling of forms and records.
UI = D005568
Formularies
AN = IM; GEN or unspecified; prefer specifics; collections of formulas for compounding medicinal prep: do not confuse with PHARMACOPOEIAS which are far more complete: read MeSH definition; do not confuse with NATIONAL FORMULARY see PHARMACOPOEIAS CATALOG: /geog /form
MS = Lists of drugs or collections of recipes, formulas, and prescriptions for the compounding of medicinal preparations. Formularies differ from PHARMACOPOEIAS in that they are less complete, lacking full descriptions of the drugs, their formulations, analytic composition, chemical properties, etc. In hospitals, formularies list all drugs commonly stocked in the hospital pharmacy.
UI = D005569
Formularies, Dental
AN = IM; DF: FORMULARIES DENT CATALOG: /geog /form
UI = D005570
Formularies, Homeopathic
AN = IM
UI = D005571
Formularies, Hospital
AN = IM; DF: FORMULARIES HOSP CATALOG: /geog /form
MS = Formularies concerned with pharmaceuticals prescribed in hospitals.
UI = D005572
Formycins
AN = antineoplastic antibiotics
MS = Pyrazolopyrimidine ribonucleosides isolated from Nocardia interforma. They are antineoplastic antibiotics with cytostatic properties.
UI = D005573
N-Formylmethionine
MS = Effective in the initiation of protein synthesis. The initiating methionine residue enters the ribosome as N-formylmethionyl tRNA. This process occurs in Escherichia coli and other bacteria as well as in the mitochondria of eucaryotic cells.
UI = D009239
N-Formylmethionine Leucyl-Phenylalanine
AN = DF: FMLP
MS = N-Formylmethionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine. A formylated tripeptide originally isolated from bacterial filtrates that is positively chemotactic to polymorphonuclear leucocytes, and causes them to release lysosomal enzymes and become metabolically activated.
UI = D009240
Formyltetrahydrofolates
AN = folic acids
MS = Tetrahydrofolates which are substituted by a formyl group at either the nitrogen atom in the 5 position or the nitrogen atom in the 10 position. N(5)-Formyltetrahydrofolate is leukovorin (citrovorum factor) while N(10)-formyltetrahydrofolate is an active coenzyme which functions as a carrier of the formyl group in a number of enzymatic reactions.
UI = D005575
Forskolin
AN = numerous biol functions
MS = Potent activator of the adenylate cyclase system and the biosynthesis of cyclic AMP. From the plant Coleus forskohlii. Has antihypertensive, positive ionotropic, platelet aggregation inhibitory, and smooth muscle relaxant activities; also lowers intraocular pressure and promotes release of hormones from the pituitary gland.
UI = D005576
Forssman Antigen
AN = induces production of sheep hemolysin
MS = A heterogenetic antigen inducing the production of antisheep hemolysin, occurring in various unrelated animals, mainly in organs but not in erythrocytes (guinea pig, horse), but sometimes only in erythrocytes (sheep), and occasionally in both (chicken). The term is also used loosely to refer to any antigen producing sheep hemolysin, but antibodies to it are not identical, as they are in the case of the true Forssman (or F) antigen. (From Dorland, 28th ed)
UI = D005577
Foscarnet
AN = an antiviral
MS = An antiviral agent used in the treatment of cytomegalovirus retinitis. Foscarnet also shows activity against human herpesviruses and HIV.
UI = D017245
Fosfomycin
AN = an antibiotic
MS = (-)-(1R,2S)-(1,2-Epoxypropyl)phosphonic acid. Antibiotic produced by Streptomyces fradiae.
UI = D005578
Fosinopril
AN = an ACE inhib
MS = A phosphinic acid-containing angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor that is effective in the treatment of hypertension. It is a prodrug that is converted to its active metabolite fosinoprilat.
UI = D017328
Fossil Fuels
MS = Any hydrocarbon deposit that may be used for fuel. Examples are petroleum, coal, and natural gas.
UI = D005579
Fossils
AN = no qualif; do not routinely check tags HISTORICAL ARTICLE + ANCIENT: check only when the hist & ancient med aspects are particularly discussed
MS = Remains, impressions, or traces of animals or plants of past geological times which have been preserved in the earth's crust.
UI = D005580
Foster Home Care
AN = not restricted to children
MS = Private families who care for neglected children or patients unable to care for themselves.
UI = D005581
Foundations
MS = Organizations established by endowments with provision for future maintenance.
UI = D005582
Founder Effect
AN = a concept in population genet; DF: FOUNDER EFF
MS = The principle that when a small subgroup of a larger population establishes itself as a separate and isolated entity, its gene pool carries only a fraction of the genetic diversity of the parental population. This may result in an increased frequency of certain diseases in the subgroup, especially those diseases known to be autosomal recessive.
UI = D018703
Fourier Analysis
AN = a math function; named for Jean Baptiste Fourier (1768-1830), French mathematician & physicist; no qualif
MS = Analysis based on the mathematical function first formulated by Jean-Baptiste-Joseph Fourier in 1807. The function, known as the Fourier transform, describes the sinusoidal pattern of any fluctuating pattern in the physical world in terms of its amplitude and its phase. It has broad applications in biomedicine, e.g., analysis of the x-ray crystallography data pivotal in identifying the double helical nature of DNA and in analysis of other molecules, including viruses, and the modified back-projection algorithm universally used in computerized tomography imaging, etc. (From Segen, The Dictionary of Modern Medicine, 1992)
UI = D005583
Fournier's Gangrene
AN = coord IM with specific site or organ/diseases term (NIM) or with specific bact infect (NIM) only if particularly discussed; usually in male
MS = An acute gangrenous infection of the scrotum, penis, or perineum involving gram-positive organisms, enteric bacilli, and anaerobes, which occurs following local trauma, operative procedures, an underlying urinary tract disease, or a distant acute inflammatory process. (Dorland, 28th ed)
UI = D018934
Fovea Centralis
AN = a pit in the macula lutea of the retina
MS = An area approximately 1.5 millimeters in diameter within the macula lutea where the retina thins out greatly because of the oblique shifting of all layers except the pigment epithelium layer. It includes the sloping walls of the fovea (clivus) and contains a few rods in its periphery. In its center (foveola) are the cones most adapted to yield high visual acuity, each cone being connected to only one ganglion cell. (Cline et al., Dictionary of Visual Science, 4th ed)
UI = D005584
Fowl Plague
AN = caused by a strain of influenza A virus; don't forget also BIRDS or POULTRY (NIM) & check tag ANIMAL
MS = Infection of domestic and wild fowl and other birds with INFLUENZA A VIRUS, AVIAN.
UI = D005585
Fowlpox
AN = caused by a poxvirus; don't forget also BIRDS or POULTRY (NIM) & check tag ANIMAL
MS = A poxvirus infection of poultry and other birds characterized by the formation of wart-like nodules on the skin and diphtheritic necrotic masses (cankers) in the upper digestive and respiratory tracts.
UI = D005586
Fowlpox Virus
AN = a species of Avipoxvirus; infection = FOWLPOX: see note there
MS = The type species of the genus AVIPOXVIRUS. It is the etiologic agent of FOWLPOX.
UI = D005587
Fox-Fordyce Disease
AN = pruritic apocrine dis in women
MS = Chronic pruritic disease, usually in women, characterized by small follicular papular eruptions in apocrine areas. It is caused by obstruction and rupture of intraepidermal apocrine ducts. (From Dorland, 27th ed)
UI = D005588
Foxes
AN = IM; qualif permitted
MS = Carnivores of the genus Vulpes of the family Canidae. There are 10 species found in North America, Europe, Asia, and Africa. The red fox, Vulpes vulpes, whose coloration ranges from yellowish red to deep reddish brown, black, white, or silver, rivals the gray wolf (Canis lupus) for having the greatest natural distribution of any living terrestrial mammal besides man. (Walker's Mammals of the World, 5th ed, p1050)
UI = D005589
Fractals
AN = patterns which look similar at different magnifications; used in math & theoret models
MS = Patterns (real or mathematical) which look similar at different scales, for example the network of airways in the lung which shows similar branching patterns at progressively higher magnifications. Natural fractals are self-similar across a finite range of scales while mathematical fractals are the same across an infinite range. Many natural, including biological, structures are fractal (or fractal-like). Fractals are related to "chaos" (see NONLINEAR DYNAMICS) in that chaotic processes can produce fractal structures in nature, and appropriate representations of chaotic processes usually reveal self-similarity over time.
UI = D017709
Fractional Precipitation
AN = NIM; no qualif
UI = D005590
Fractionation
AN = an anal chem technique; almost never IM; CELL FRACTIONATION is available
MS = Separation of a mixture in successive stages, each stage removing from the mixture some proportion of one of the substances, as by differential solubility in water-solvent mixtures. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)
UI = D005591
Fracture Fixation
AN = TN 87: various types of fracture surg & related MeSH terms; osteosynthesis in fract surg goes under FRACTURE FIXATION, INTERNAL or FRACTURE FIXATION, INTRAMEDULLARY
MS = The use of metallic devices inserted into or through bone to hold a fracture in a set position and alignment while it heals.
UI = D005592
Fracture Fixation, Internal
AN = do not use /util except by MeSH definition; TN 87; osteosynthesis in fracture surg goes here or under FRACTURE FIXATION, INTRAMEDULLARY
MS = The use of internal devices (metal plates, nails, rods, etc.) to hold the position of a fracture in proper alignment.
UI = D005593
Fracture Fixation, Intramedullary
AN = do not use /util except by MeSH definition; TN 87: definition
UI = D005594
Fracture Healing
AN = coord IM with type of fracture (IM) + bone injured (IM)
MS = The physiological restoration of bone tissue and function after a fracture. It includes CALLUS formation and normal replacement of bone tissue.
UI = D017102
Fractures
AN = IM; coord with specific organ /inj (IM) but note many precoord organ/fract terms & note the many clin types; TN 87: various types of fract surg; penile fract: index under PENIS /inj (IM) + RUPTURE (NIM)
MS = Breaks in bones or cartilage. (Stedman, 25th ed)
UI = D005595
Fractures, Closed
AN = fract not causing an open wound; IM; coord with precoord organ/fract term (IM), as "closed fract of tibia" = FRACTURES, CLOSED (IM) + TIBIAL FRACTURES (IM); if no precoord organ/fract term is available, coord IM with organ /inj (IM), as "closed fract of fibula" = FRACTURES, CLOSED (IM) + FIBULA /inj (IM)
MS = Fractures in which the break in bone is not accompanied by an external wound.
UI = D005596
Fractures, Comminuted
AN = fract where bone is splintered or crushed; IM; coord with specific organ/inj or precoord organ/fract term (IM)
MS = A fracture in which the bone is splintered or crushed. (Dorland, 27th ed)
UI = D018460
Fractures, Open
AN = fract causing an open wound; IM; coord with specific organ/inj or precoord organ/fract term (IM)
MS = Fractures in which there is an external wound communicating with the break of the bone.
UI = D005597
Fractures, Malunited
AN = faulty union of a fract; do not confuse with FRACTURES, UNUNITED; IM; coord with specific organ/inj or precoord organ/fract term (IM)
MS = Union of the fragments of a fractured bone in a faulty or abnormal position. If two bones parallel to one another unite by osseous tissue, the result is a crossunion. (From Manual of Orthopaedic Terminology, 4th ed)
UI = D017759
Fractures, Spontaneous
AN = fract not caused by trauma; IM; coord with specific organ /inj or organ/fract term (IM)
MS = Fractures occurring as a result of disease of a bone or from some undiscoverable cause, and not due to trauma. (Dorland, 27th ed)
UI = D005598
Fractures, Stress
AN = fract caused by repetitive strain; X ref FATIGUE FRACTURES refers to bone fractures: do not use for metal fatigue as in fatigue fract of amalgams, nails, screw plates, etc (index under STRESS, MECHANICAL); coord IM with specific organ /inj or organ/fract term (IM)
MS = Fractures due to the strain caused by repetitive exercise. They are thought to arise from a combination of muscle fatigue and bone failure, and occur in situations where bone remodeling predominates over repair. The classical stress fracture is the march fracture of military personnel, in which the metatarsal undergoes repeated stress during marching. The most common sites of stress fractures are the metatarsus, fibula, tibia, and femoral neck.
UI = D015775
Fractures, Ununited
AN = fract where union does not occur; do not confuse with FRACTURES, MALUNITED; IM; coord with specific organ/inj or precoord organ/fract term (IM)
MS = A fracture in which union fails to occur, the ends of the bone becoming rounded and eburnated, and a false joint occurs. (Stedman, 25th ed)
UI = D005599
Fragile X Syndrome
AN = a syndrome of multiple abnorm; do not use /congen & do not coord with INFANT, NEWBORN, DISEASES CATALOG: do not use /in inf
MS = A condition characterized genotypically by a fragile site on the X chromosome (Xq27 or Xq28). Phenotypically, affected males usually, but not invariably, are mentally retarded (IQ between 30 and 70), have speech defects, enlarged ears, jaws and hands, and frequently macro-orchidism. Female carriers are usually normal, but may exhibit some degree of mental retardation.
UI = D005600
Frail Elderly
AN = check tag AGED; coord IM with AGED, 80 AND OVER (IM or NIM if pertinent)
MS = Older adults or aged individuals who are lacking in general strength and are unusually susceptible to disease or to other infirmity.
UI = D016330
Frameshift Mutation
AN = non-physiol insertion or deletion of coding sequence nucleotides; do not confuse with FRAMESHIFTING, RIBOSOMAL, physiol process & form of genet translation; do not confuse eff of drug & radiation on frameshift mutation with drug- & radiation-induced frame mutation
MS = A type of mutation in which a number of nucleotides not divisible by three is deleted from or inserted into a coding sequence, thereby causing an alteration in the reading frame of the entire sequence downstream of the mutation. These mutations may be induced by certain types of mutagens or may occur spontaneously.
UI = D016368
Frameshifting, Ribosomal
AN = a form of genet translation; a physiol process in gene expression regulation; do not confuse with FRAMESHIFT MUTATION, non-physiol insertion or deletion of coding sequence nucleotides
MS = A directed change in translational reading frame that allows the production of a single protein from two or more overlapping genes. The process is programmed by the nucleotide sequence of the mRNA and is sometimes also affected by the secondary or tertiary mRNA structure. It has been described mainly in viruses (especially retroviruses), retrotransposons, and bacterial insertion elements but also in some cellular genes.
UI = D018965
Framycetin
AN = an aminoglycoside antibiotic
MS = A component of NEOMYCIN that is produced by Streptomyces fradiae. On hydrolysis it yields neamine and neobiosamine B. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)
UI = D005601
France
AN = PARIS is also available
UI = D005602
Francisella
MS = An organism frequently found in natural waters. It can be parasitic on man, other mammals, birds, and arthropods.
UI = D005603
Francisella tularensis
AN = infection = TULAREMIA
MS = The etiologic agent of TULAREMIA in man and other warm-blooded animals.
UI = D005604
Francium
AN = naturally radioactive; IM
MS = Francium. A radioactive alkali metal with the atomic symbol Fr, atomic number 87, and atomic weight 223. The mass numbers of other known isotopes are 204-213, 217-222, and 224. Its valence is +1.
UI = D005605
Fraud
AN = note FRAUD, SCIENTIFIC see SCIENTIFIC MISCONDUCT
MS = Exploitation through misrepresentation of the facts or concealment of the purposes of the exploiter.
UI = D005607
Free Association
AN = no qualif; DF: FREE ASSOC
MS = Spontaneous verbalization of whatever comes to mind.
UI = D005608
Free Radicals
AN = IM GEN only; usually NIM with coord IM
MS = Highly reactive molecules with an unsatisfied electron valence pair. Free radicals are produced in both normal and pathological processes. They are proven or suspected agents of tissue damage in a wide variety of circumstances including radiation, damage from environment chemicals, and aging. Natural and pharmacological prevention of free radical damage is being actively investigated.
UI = D005609
Free Radical Scavengers
AN = a substance combining with a free radical to affect its chemical action; use qualif discreetly
MS = Substances that influence the course of a chemical reaction by ready combination with free radicals. Among other effects, this combining activity protects pancreatic islets against damage by cytokines and prevents myocardial and pulmonary perfusion injuries.
UI = D016166
Freedom
AN = no qualif
MS = The rights of individuals to act and make decisions without external constraints.
UI = D005610
Freemartinism
AN = cattle dis; check tag ANIMAL; only Cat C qualif; don't forget also CATTLE (NIM) but do not index under CATTLE DISEASES
MS = A condition occurring in dizygotic twins of different sexes in cattle, when anastomoses of placental vessels permit interchange of hormones and cells during fetal life. The female calf is a sterile intersex due to passage of androgens from the male, and both calves are blood cell chimeras with immune tolerance, due to interchange of cells in utero.
UI = D005611
Freeze Drying
AN = NIM
MS = Method of tissue preparation in which the tissue specimen is frozen and then dehydrated at low temperature in a high vacuum. This method is also used for dehydrating pharmaceutical and food products.
UI = D005612
Freeze Etching
AN = do not confuse with FREEZE FRACTURING (wherein a cryoprotectant is used)
MS = A replica technique in which cells are frozen to a very low temperature and cracked with a knife blade to expose the interior surfaces of the cells or cell membranes. The cracked cell surfaces are then freeze-dried to expose their constituents. The surfaces are now ready for shadowing to be viewed using an electron microscope. This method differs from freeze-fracturing in that no cryoprotectant is used and, thus, allows for the sublimation of water during the freeze-drying process to etch the surfaces.
UI = D005613
Freeze Fracturing
AN = do not confuse with FREEZE ETCHING (wherein no cryoprotectant is used)
MS = Preparation for electron microscopy of minute replicas of exposed surfaces of the cell which have been ruptured in the frozen state. The specimen is frozen, then cleaved under high vacuum at the same temperature. The exposed surface is shadowed with carbon and platinum and coated with carbon to obtain a carbon replica.
UI = D005614
Freeze Substitution
AN = in freeze drying, replacement of ice by alcohol or other solvent
MS = A modification of the freeze-drying method in which the ice within the frozen tissue is replaced by alcohol or other solvent at a very low temperature.
UI = D017110
Freezing
AN = NIM; no qualif; note see related CRYOPRESERVATION
UI = D005615
French Guiana
AN = in So. Amer; do not confuse with GUYANA ( = British Guiana) nor with French Guinea ( = GUINEA) in Africa
MS = A French overseas department on the northeast coast of South America. Its capital is Cayenne. It was first settled by the French in 1604. Early development was hindered because of the presence of a penal colony. The name of the country and the capital are variants of Guyana, possibly from the native Indian Guarani guai (born) + ana (kin), implying a united and interrelated race of people. (From Webster's New Geographical Dictionary, 1988, p418 & Room, Brewer's Dictionary of Names, 1992, p195)
UI = D005616
Freons
AN = do not confuse X refs here with FLUOROCARBONS (for perfluorinated cpds)
MS = A group of halogenated hydrocarbons, usually based on methane, containing one or more fluorine and/or other halogen atoms.
UI = D005617
Fresh Water
AN = rivers, ponds, lakes, groundwater
MS = Water containing no significant amounts of salts, such as rivers and lakes. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)
UI = D005618
Freudian Theory
AN = IM
MS = Philosophic formulations which are basic to psychoanalysis. Some of the conceptual theories developed were of the libido, repression, regression, transference, id, ego, superego, Oedipus Complex, etc.
UI = D005619
Freund's Adjuvant
AN = usually with mycobacteria
MS = A water-in-oil emulsion incorporating antigen, in the aqueous phase, into lightweight paraffin oil with the aid of an emulsifying agent. On injection, this mixture (Freund's incomplete adjuvant) induces strong persistent antibody formation. The addition of killed, dried mycobacteria, e.g., Mycobacterium butyricum, to the oil phase (Freund's complete adjuvant) elicits cell-mediated immunity (delayed hypersensitivity), as well as humoral antibody formation. (Dorland, 28th ed)
UI = D005620
Friction
AN = NIM; biol & non-biol application
MS = Surface resistance to the relative motion of one body against the rubbing, sliding, rolling, or flowing of another with which it is in contact.
UI = D017276
Friedreich's Ataxia
AN = do not confuse with FRIEDREICH'S DISEASE
MS = An autosomal recessive disease, usually with childhood onset, characterized by sclerosis of the dorsal and lateral columns of the spinal column. Ataxia, speech impairment, lateral curvature of spine, swaying and irregular movements, and paralysis of muscles, particularly lower extremities are commonly present. (From Dorland, 27th ed)
UI = D005621
Friend Virus
AN = a species of the genus Leukemia Viruses, Murine; isolated by C. Friend; infection: coord IM with RETROVIRIDAE INFECTIONS (IM) + TUMOR VIRUS INFECTIONS (IM) + LEUKEMIA, EXPERIMENTAL (IM) or LEUKEMIA (IM) (for spontaneous leukemia); Friend erythroleukemia cells: coord IM with LEUKEMIA, ERYTHROBLASTIC, ACUTE (IM) + TUMOR CELLS, CULTURED (NIM)
MS = A murine leukemia virus producing leukemia of the reticulum-cell type with massive infiltration of liver, spleen, and bone marrow. It infects DBA/2 and Swiss mice.
UI = D005622
Frontal Bone
AN = fractures: coord FRONTAL BONE /inj (IM) + SKULL FRACTURES (IM); neopl: coord IM with SKULL NEOPLASMS (IM)
UI = D005624
Frontal Lobe
AN = dis: coord IM with BRAIN DISEASES (IM); neopl: coord IM with BRAIN NEOPLASMS (IM)
MS = The anterior part of the cerebral hemisphere.
UI = D005625
Frontal Sinus
AN = inflammation or sinusitis = FRONTAL SINUSITIS; fractures: coord FRONTAL SINUS /inj (IM) + SKULL FRACTURES (IM); neopl: coord IM with PARANASAL SINUS NEOPLASMS (IM)
MS = One of the paired, but seldom symmetrical, air spaces located between the inner and outer compact layers of the frontal bone.
UI = D005626
Frontal Sinusitis
MS = Inflammation of the frontal sinus; in most cases the infection is caused by the bacteria STREPTOCOCCUS PNEUMONIAE and HAEMOPHILUS INFLUENZAE. This condition may be acute or chronic.
UI = D015522
Frostbite
MS = Damage to tissues as the result of low environmental temperatures.
UI = D005627
Frozen Foods
UI = D005628
Frozen Sections
MS = Thinly cut sections of frozen tissue specimens prepared with a cryostat or freezing microtome.
UI = D005629
Fructans
AN = polysaccharides
MS = Polysaccharides composed of D-fructose units.
UI = D005630
Fructokinases
MS = A class of enzymes that catalyzes the phosphorylation of fructose in the presence of ATP. EC 2.7.1.-.
UI = D005631
Fructosamine
MS = An amino sugar formed by the reduction of the osazone of glucosamine. (Dorland, 27th ed)
UI = D019270
Fructose
AN = a hexose
MS = A carbohydrate in sweet fruits and honey that is soluble in water, alcohol, or ether. It is used as a preservative and an intravenous infusion in parenteral feeding. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)
UI = D005632
Fructose Intolerance
AN = an inborn error of fructose metab; do not use /congen & do not coord with INFANT, NEWBORN, DISEASES CATALOG: do not use /in inf
MS = An autosomal recessive fructose metabolism disorder due to deficient fructose-1-phosphate aldolase (EC 2.1.2.13) activity, resulting in accumulation of fructose-1-phosphate. The accumulated fructose-1-phosphate inhibits glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis, causing severe hypoglycemia following ingestion of fructose. Prolonged fructose ingestion in infants leads ultimately to hepatic failure and death. Patients develop a strong distaste for sweet food, and avoid a chronic course of the disease by remaining on a fructose- and sucrose-free diet.
UI = D005633
Fructose Metabolism, Inborn Errors
AN = an inborn error of carbohydrate metab; do not use /congen & do not coord with INFANT, NEWBORN, DISEASES; DF: FRUCTOSE METAB INBORN ERR CATALOG: do not use /in inf
MS = Inherited abnormalities of fructose metabolism, which include three known autosomal recessive types: hepatic fructokinase deficiency (essential fructosuria), hereditary fructose intolerance, and hereditary fructose-1,6-diphosphatase deficiency. Essential fructosuria is a benign asymptomatic metabolic disorder caused by deficiency in fructokinase, leading to decreased conversion of fructose to fructose-1-phosphate and alimentary hyperfructosemia, but with no clinical dysfunction; may produce a false-positive diabetes test.
UI = D015318
Fructose-Bisphosphatase
MS = An enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of D-fructose 1,6-bisphosphate and water to D-fructose 6-phosphate and orthophosphate. EC 3.1.3.11.
UI = D006597
Fructose-Bisphosphate Aldolase
AN = /defic: consider also FRUCTOSE INTOLERANCE
MS = An enzyme of the lyase class that catalyzes the cleavage of fructose 1,6-biphosphate to form dihydroxyacetone phosphate and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate. The enzyme also acts on (3S,4R)-ketose 1-phosphates. The yeast and bacterial enzymes are zinc proteins. (Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992) E.C. 4.1.2.13.
UI = D005634
Fructose-1,6-Diphosphatase Deficiency
AN = an inborn error of fructose metab; do not use /congen & do not coord with INFANT, NEWBORN, DISEASES; DF: FDP DEFIC CATALOG: do not use /in inf
MS = An autosomal recessive fructose metabolism disorder due to absent or deficient fructose-1,6-diphosphatase activity. Gluconeogenesis is impaired, resulting in accumulation of gluconeogenic precursors (e.g., amino acids, lactate, ketones) and manifested as hypoglycemia, ketosis, and lactic acidosis. Episodes in the newborn infant are often lethal. Later episodes are often brought on by fasting and febrile infections. As patients age through early childhood, tolerance to fasting improves and development becomes normal.
UI = D015319
Fructosediphosphates
MS = Diphosphoric acid esters of fructose. The fructose-1,6- diphosphate isomer is most prevalent. It is an important intermediate in the glycolysis process.
UI = D005635
Fructosephosphates
UI = D005636
Fructuronate Reductase
MS = An enzyme that catalyzes the reversible oxidation of mannonate to fructuronate in the presence of NAD. Also reduces D-tagaturonate to D-altronate. EC 1.1.1.57.
UI = D005637
Fruit
AN = as plant & food; fruit as plant tissue: Manual 31.9; selected qualif from Cat B6 & Cat J2
MS = The fleshy or dry ripened ovary of a plant, enclosing the seed or seeds.
UI = D005638
Frustration
AN = human & animal; no qualif
MS = The motivational and/or affective state resulting from being blocked, thwarted, disappointed or defeated.
UI = D005639
FSH
AN = /biosyn /physiol permitted
MS = A gonadotropic hormone found in the pituitary tissues of mammals. It regulates the metabolic activity of ovarian granulosa cells and testicular Sertoli cells, induces maturation of Graafian follicles in the ovary, and promotes the development of the germinal cells in the testis.
UI = D005640
Fuchs' Endothelial Dystrophy
AN = a corneal dystrophy
MS = Disorder caused by loss of endothelium of the central cornea. It is characterized by hyaline endothelial outgrowths on Descemet's membrane, epithelial blisters, reduced vision, and pain.
UI = D005642
Fucose
AN = a hexose
UI = D005643
Fucosidase
AN = /defic: consider also FUCOSIDOSIS
MS = An enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of an alpha L-fucoside to yield an alcohol and L-fucose. Deficiency of this enzyme can cause alpha-fucosidosis. EC 3.2.1.51.
UI = D005644
Fucosidosis
AN = a lysosomal storage dis; do not use /congen & do not coord with INFANT, NEWBORN, DISEASES CATALOG: do not use /in inf
MS = An autosomally recessive inherited metabolic disorder in which deficiency of alpha-1-fucosidase activity results in accumulation of fucose-containing sphingolipids, glycoproteins, and mucopolysaccharides in lysosomes.
UI = D005645
Fucosyl Galactose alpha-N-Acetylgalactosaminyltransferase
AN = DF: FUG TRANSFERASE
MS = An enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of acetylgalactosamine from UDP N-acetylgalactosamine to various 2-fucosylgalactosides as acceptors. EC 2.4.1.40.
UI = D005646
Fucosyltransferases
MS = Enzymes catalyzing the transfer of fucose from a nucleoside diphosphate fucose to an acceptor molecule which is frequently another carbohydrate, a glycoprotein, or a glycolipid molecule. Elevated activity of some fucosyltransferases in human serum may serve as an indicator of malignancy. The class includes EC 2.4.1.65; EC 2.4.1.68; EC 2.4.1.69; EC 2.4.1.89.
UI = D005647
Fuel Oils
MS = Complex petroleum hydrocarbons consisting mainly of residues from crude oil distillation. These liquid products include heating oils, stove oils, and furnace oils and are burned to generate energy.
UI = D005648
Fumarate Hydratase
MS = An enzyme that catalyzes the reversible hydration of fumaric acid to yield L-malic acid. It is one of the citric acid cycle enzymes. EC 4.2.1.2.
UI = D005649
Fumarates
UI = D005650
Fumigation
MS = The application of smoke, vapor, or gas for the purpose of disinfecting or destroying pests or microorganisms.
UI = D005651
Functional Residual Capacity
AN = NIM; DF: FRC
MS = The volume of air remaining in the lungs at the end of a normal, quiet expiration. It is the sum of the residual volume and the expiratory reserve volume. Common abbreviation is FRC.
UI = D005652
Fund Raising
MS = Usually organized community efforts to raise money to promote financial programs of institutions. The funds may include individual gifts.
UI = D005653
Fundoplication
AN = fundo- refers to the gastric fundus; do not use /util except by MeSH definition
MS = Mobilization of the lower end of the esophagus and plication of the fundus of the stomach around it (fundic wrapping) in the treatment of GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX that may be associated with various disorders, such as hiatal hernia. (From Dorland, 28th ed)
UI = D018662
Fundus Oculi
AN = no qualif; what is seen through an ophthalmoscope: do not confuse with RETINA & RETINAL VESSELS, the correct terms with subheadings, not FUNDUS OCULI; early coord for fundus fluorescent angiography: see hist notes under FLUORESCEIN ANGIOGRAPHY
MS = The concave interior of the eye, consisting of the retina, the choroid, the sclera, the optic disk, and blood vessels, seen by means of the ophthalmoscope. (Cline et al., Dictionary of Visual Science, 4th ed)
UI = D005654
Funeral Rites
AN = specify geog if pertinent CATALOG: /geog /form
MS = Those customs and ceremonies pertaining to the dead.
UI = D005655
Funeral Sermons [Publication Type]
AN = publication type only; for funeral sermons as a subject, index under main heading FUNERAL RITES
MS = Sermons delivered at ceremonies for a dead person prior to burial or cremation. (From Random House Unabridged Dictionary, 2d ed)
UI = D019505
Fungal Proteins
AN = /drug eff /ultrastruct permitted; /physiol permitted for function within the fungus; coord IM with specific protein (IM) + specific fungus (IM)
MS = Proteins found in any species of fungus.
UI = D005656
Fungal Vaccines
AN = coord IM with specific fungus /immunol (IM)
MS = Suspensions of attenuated or killed fungi administered for the prevention or treatment of infectious fungal disease.
UI = D005657
Fungemia
AN = coord with specific fungus/infect heading or specific fungus if specific fungus infect is not in MeSH (do not use /blood to indicate -emia)
MS = The presence of fungi circulating in the blood. Opportunistic fungal sepsis is seen most often in immunosuppressed patients with severe neutropenia or in postoperative patients with intravenous catheters and usually follows prolonged antibiotic therapy.
UI = D016469
Fungi
AN = GEN or unspecified; prefer specifics: Manual 22.32; /drug eff: consider also ANTIFUNGAL AGENTS & FUNGICIDES, INDUSTRIAL; fungal dis = MYCOSES, fungal dis of skin = DERMATOMYCOSES
MS = A kingdom of eukaryotic, heterotrophic organisms that live as saprobes or parasites, including mushrooms, yeasts, smuts, molds, etc. They reproduce either sexually or asexually, and have life cycles that range from simple to complex. (From Dorland, 28th ed)
UI = D005658
Fungi, Unclassified
AN = author will state "unclassified"; do not confuse with fungi "unnamed" or unspecified by author (= probably FUNGI); GEN: avoid; infections by unclassified fungi: coord IM with MYCOSES or specific mycosis (IM)
MS = Fungi whose taxonomic relationships have not been authoritatively established.
UI = D020508
Fungicides, Industrial
AN = differentiate from therapeutic fungicides ( = ANTIFUNGAL AGENTS); DF: FUNGICIDES INDUST
MS = Chemicals that kill or inhibit the growth of fungi in agricultural applications, on wood, plastics, or other materials, in swimming pools, etc.
UI = D005659
Funnel Chest
AN = a sternum abnorm; do not use /congen & do not coord with INFANT, NEWBORN, DISEASES CATALOG: do not use /in inf
MS = A developmental anomaly in which the lower sternum is posteriorly dislocated and concavely deformed, resulting in a funnel-shaped thorax.
UI = D005660
Fura-2
AN = a fluorescent chelating agent; D25-26 qualif
MS = 2-(6-(Bis(carboxymethyl)amino)-5-(2-(2-(bis(carboxymethyl)amino)-5-methylphenoxy)ethoxy)-2-benzofuranyl)-5-oxazolecarboxylic acid. A fluorescent calcium chelating agent which is used to study intracellular calcium in many tissues. The fluorescent and chelating properties of Fura-2 aid in the quantitation of endothelial cell injury, in monitoring ATP-dependent calcium uptake by membrane vesicles, and in the determination of the relationship between cytoplasmic free calcium and oxidase activation in rat neutrophils.
UI = D016257
Furagin
AN = a urinary anti-infective
MS = Nitrofuran derivative anti-infective agent used for urinary tract infections.
UI = D005661
Furaldehyde
UI = D005662
Furans
UI = D005663
Furazolidone
AN = an anti-infective
MS = A nitrofuran derivative with antiprotozoal and antibacterial activity. It has been used in giardiasis and in bacterial intestinal infections. Furazolidone acts by gradual inhibition of monoamine oxidase. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p514)
UI = D005664
Furcation Defects
AN = a periodontal dis
MS = Conditions in which a bifurcation or trifurcation of the molar tooth root becomes denuded as a result of periodontal disease. It may be followed by tooth mobility, temperature sensitivity, pain, and alveolar bone resorption.
UI = D017823
Furosemide
AN = a diuretic
MS = 5-(Aminosulfonyl)-4-chloro-2-((furanylmethyl)amino)benzoic acid. A sulfamyl saluretic and diuretic. It has a fast onset and short duration of action and is used in edema and chronic renal insufficiency.
UI = D005665
Fursultiamin
AN = used in ther of thiamine defic; DF: TTFD
MS = N-((4-Amino-2-methyl-5-pyrimidinyl)methyl)-N-(4-hydroxy-1-methyl-2-(((tetrahydro-2-furanyl)methyl)dithio)-1-butenyl)formamide. Compound used for therapy of thiamine deficiency. It has also been suggested for several non-deficiency disorders but has not yet proven useful.
UI = D005666
Furunculosis
AN = Staph skin infect; consider also CARBUNCLE, also usually caused by Staph (but not malignant carbuncle which = ANTHRAX)
MS = An infection where furuncles are present over a period of weeks to months. Species of STAPHYLOCOCCUS are usually the causative agents.
UI = D005667
Furylfuramide
AN = a food preservative; D25-26 qualif
MS = alpha-2-Furyl-5-nitro-2-furanacrylamide. Used formerly as antimicrobial food additive. It causes mutations in many cell cultures and may be carcinogenic.
UI = D005668
Fusaric Acid
AN = from various species of the fungus Fusarium; a dopamine neuron agent; /biosyn permitted if by organism
MS = A picolinic acid derivative isolated from various Fusarium species. It has been proposed for a variety of therapeutic applications but is primarily used as a research tool. Its mechanisms of action are poorly understood. It probably inhibits DOPAMINE BETA-HYDROXYLASE, the enzyme that converts dopamine to norepinephrine. It may also have other actions, including the inhibition of cell proliferation and DNA synthesis.
UI = D005669
Fusarium
AN = infection: coord IM with MYCOSES (IM) or specific mycosis (IM)
MS = A mitosporic Hypocreales fungal genus, various species of which are important parasitic pathogens of plants and a variety of vertebrates. Teleomorphs include GIBBERELLA.
UI = D005670
Fused Teeth
AN = tooth abnorm; do not use /congen & do not coord with INFANT, NEWBORN, DISEASES CATALOG: do not use /in inf
MS = Two teeth united during development by the union of their tooth germs; the teeth may be joined by the enamel of their crowns, by their root dentin, or by both.
UI = D005671
Fuselloviridae
AN = a family of bacteriophages
MS = A family of bacteriophages containing one genus (Fusellovirus).
UI = D019241
Fusidic Acid
AN = an antibiotic
MS = An antibiotic isolated from the fermentation broth of Fusidium coccineum. (From Merck Index, 11th ed) It acts by inhibiting translocation during protein synthesis.
UI = D005672
Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl
AN = IM; found in various leukemias: coord IM with specific leukemia (IM); /drug eff /ultrastruct permitted
MS = Translation products of a fusion mRNA derived from the breakpoint cluster region (bcr) gene and a cellular abl (c-abl) gene translocated to chromosome 22. The p210(bcr-abl) fusion protein is found in patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia. The p190(bcr-abl) fusion protein is found in patients with acute lymphocytic leukemia. The activation of human c-abl by chromosomal translocation is essentially the same as the activation of murine c-abl by viral translocation in Abelson murine leukemia virus.
UI = D016044
Fusion Proteins, gag-onc
AN = IM; coord with specific virus (IM); /drug eff /ultrastruct permitted
MS = General name for the translation products of a fusion mRNA consisting of a gag gene and a viral oncogene (v-onc). These products are thought to have the ability to transform cells.
UI = D015681
Fusion Proteins, gag-pol
AN = IM; coord with specific virus (IM); /drug eff /ultrastruct permitted
MS = Polyprotein products of a fused portion of retroviral mRNA containing the gag and pol genes. The polyprotein is synthesized only five percent of the time since pol is out of frame with gag, and is generated by ribosomal frameshifting.
UI = D015685
Fusobacterium
AN = infection = FUSOBACTERIUM INFECTIONS; DF: FUSOBACT
MS = A genus of gram-negative, anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria found in cavities of humans and other animals. No endospores are formed. Some species are pathogenic and occur in various purulent or gangrenous infections.
UI = D005673
Fusobacterium Infections
AN = gram-neg bact infect; DF: FUSOBACT INFECT
MS = Infections with bacteria of the genus FUSOBACTERIUM.
UI = D005674
Fusobacterium necrophorum
AN = infection: coord IM with FUSOBACTERIUM INFECTIONS (IM); DF: FUSOBACT NECROPHORUM
MS = A species of gram-negative, non-spore-forming bacteria isolated from the natural cavities of man and other animals and from necrotic lesions, abscesses, and blood.
UI = D005675
Fusobacterium nucleatum
AN = isolated from mouth & resp tract; infection: coord IM with FUSOBACTERIUM INFECTIONS (IM); DF: FUSOBACT NUCLEATUM
MS = A species of gram-negative, anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria isolated from the gingival margin and sulcus and from infections of the upper respiratory tract and pleural cavity.
UI = D016967
Fuzzy Logic
AN = no qualif
MS = Approximate, quantitative reasoning that is concerned with the linguistic ambiguity which exists in natural or synthetic language. At its core are variables such as good, bad, and young as well as modifiers such as more, less, and very. These ordinary terms represent fuzzy sets in a particular problem. Fuzzy logic plays a key role in many medical expert systems.
UI = D017143