Glossary of Bio-Medical Terms

I

RETURN TO INDEX

I Blood-Group System

AN = IM; coord with disease /blood (IM), not /immunol nor /genet; TN 230

MS = A blood group related both to the ABO and P systems that includes several different antigens found in most people on erythrocytes, in milk, and in saliva. The antibodies react only at low temperatures.

UI = D007048

 

Iatrogenic Disease

AN = IM for general or as coord with specific iatrogenic dis; article must discuss dis as iatrogenic: do not routinely index adv eff of drugs or procedures as iatrogenic

MS = Any adverse condition in a patient occurring as the result of treatment by a physician, surgeon, or other health professional, especially infections acquired by the patient during the course of treatment.

UI = D007049

 

Ibogaine

MS = One of several indole alkaloids extracted from Tabernanthe iboga, Baill. It has a complex pharmacological profile, and interacts with multiple systems of neurotransmission. Ibogaine has psychoactive properties and appears to modulate tolerance to opiates.

UI = D007050

 

Ibotenic Acid

AN = a glutamate agonist & mycotoxin

MS = alpha-Amino-3-hydroxy-5-isoxazoleacetic acid. Neurotoxic isoxazole substance found in Amanita muscaria and A. pantherina. It causes motor depression, ataxia, and changes in mood, perceptions and feelings, and is a potent excitatory amino acid agonist.

UI = D007051

 

Ibuprofen

MS = A nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent with analgesic properties used in the therapy of rheumatism and arthritis.

UI = D007052

 

Ice

UI = D007053

 

Ice Cream

MS = A frozen dairy food made from cream or butterfat, milk, sugar, and flavorings. Frozen custard and French-type ice creams also contain eggs.

UI = D007054

 

Iceland

UI = D007055

 

Ichthyosis

AN = a congen skin dis; GEN or unspecified; prefer specifics; do not use /congen & do not coord with INFANT, NEWBORN, DISEASES; XERODERMA as dryness of skin is so indexed if terms "xeroderma", "ichthyosis" or other clues appear in text, otherwise dryness of skin is indexed under SKIN DISEASES CATALOG: do not use /in inf

MS = Any of several generalized skin disorders characterized by dryness, roughness, and scaliness, due to hypertrophy of the stratum corneum epidermis. Most are genetic, but some are acquired, developing in association with other systemic disease or genetic syndrome.

UI = D007057

 

Ichthyosis, Lamellar

AN = do not coord with INFANT, NEWBORN, DISEASES CATALOG: do not use /in inf

MS = A chronic, congenital ichthyosis inherited as an autosomal recessive trait. Infants are usually born encased in a collodion membrane which sheds within a few weeks. Scaling is generalized and marked with grayish-brown quadrilateral scales, adherent at their centers and free at the edges. In some cases, scales are so thick that they resemble armored plate.

UI = D017490

 

Ichthyosis Vulgaris

AN = do not use /congen & do not coord with INFANT, NEWBORN, DISEASES CATALOG: do not use /in inf

MS = Most common form of ichthyosis characterized by prominent scaling especially on the exterior surfaces of the extremities. It is inherited as an autosomal dominant trait.

UI = D016112

 

Ichthyosiform Erythroderma, Congenital

AN = an ichthyosis rather than an erythroderma; do not use /congen & do not coord with INFANT, NEWBORN, DISEASES CATALOG: do not use /in inf

MS = Designation for several severe forms of ichthyosis, present at birth, that are characterized by hyperkeratotic scaling. Infants may be born encased in a collodion membrane which begins shedding within 24 hours. This is followed in about two weeks by persistent generalized scaling. The forms include bullous (HYPERKERATOSIS, EPIDERMOLYTIC), non-bullous (ICHTHYOSIS, LAMELLAR), wet type, and dry type.

UI = D016113

 

Ichthyosis, X-Linked

AN = do not use /congen & do not coord with INFANT, NEWBORN, DISEASES CATALOG: do not use /in inf

MS = Chronic form of ichthyosis that is inherited as a sex-linked recessive trait carried on the X-chromosome and transmitted to the male offspring. It is characterized by severe scaling, especially on the extremities, and is associated with steroid sulfatase deficiency.

UI = D016114

 

Ictaluridae

AN = North American freshwater catfish; IM; qualif permitted

MS = A family of North American freshwater catfishes. It consists of five genera with several species two of which are eyeless.

UI = D007059

 

Id

AN = no qualif

MS = The part of the personality structure which harbors the unconscious instinctive desires and strivings of the individual.

UI = D007060

 

Idaho

UI = D007061

 

Identification (Psychology)

AN = no qualif; DF: IDENTIFICATION

MS = A process by which an individual unconsciously endeavors to pattern himself after another. This process is also important in the development of the personality, particularly the superego or conscience, which is modeled largely on the behavior of adult significant others.

UI = D007062

 

Idarubicin

AN = an anthracycline antineoplastic antibiotic

MS = 3-Acetyl-1,2,3,4,6,11-hexahydro-3,5,12-trihydroxy- 6,11-dioxo-1-naphthacenyl-3-amino-2,3,6-trideoxy- alpha-L-lyxo-hexapyranoside. An orally administered anthracycline antibiotic. The compound has shown activity against breast cancer, lymphomas and leukemias, together with potential for reduced cardiac toxicity.

UI = D015255

 

Idazoxan

AN = an alpha-2 adrenergic antag

MS = An alpha(2)-adrenoceptor antagonist. It has been used experimentally to test the binding activity of other chemicals.

UI = D019329

 

Identity Crisis

AN = no qualif

MS = Chaotic concept of self wherein one's role in life appears to be an insoluble dilemma often expressed by isolation, withdrawal, rebellion and extremism.

UI = D007063

 

Iditol Dehydrogenase

MS = An alcohol oxidoreductase which catalyzes the oxidation of L- or D-iditol to L- or D-sorbose in the presence of NAD. Acts also on glucitol to form fructose and on other closely related sugar alcohols. EC 1.1.1.14 and EC 1.1.1.15.

UI = D007064

 

Idoxuridine

AN = an antiviral & antimetabolite

MS = An analog of DEOXYURIDINE that inhibits viral DNA synthesis. The drug is used as an antiviral agent, particularly in the treatment of herpes simplex keratitis.

UI = D007065

 

Iduronate Sulfatase

MS = An enzyme that specifically cleaves the ester sulfate of iduronic acid. Its deficiency has been demonstrated in Hunter's syndrome, which is characterized by an excess of dermatan sulfate and heparan sulfate. EC 3.1.6.13.

UI = D007066

 

Iduronic Acid

MS = Component of dermatan sulfate. Differs in configuration from glucuronic acid only at the C-5 position.

UI = D007067

 

Iduronidase

AN = /defic: consider also MUCOPOLYSACCHARIDOSIS I

MS = An enzyme that hydrolyzes iduronosidic linkages in desulfated dermatan. Deficiency of this enzyme produces Hurler's syndrome. EC 3.2.1.76.

UI = D007068

 

Ifosfamide

AN = an alkylating antineoplastic & immunosuppressive agent

MS = 3-(2-Chloroethyl)-2-(2-chloroethylamino)tetrahydro-2H-1,3,2-oxazaphosphorine 2-oxide. Positional isomer of CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE which is active as an alkylating agent and an immunosuppressive agent.

UI = D007069

 

IgA

AN = gammopathy: indexing instructions in TN 226; Am allotype goes here (IM) + IMMUNOGLOBULIN ALLOTYPES (IM); IGA1, IGA2, etc. go here; "salivary IGA": index IGA, SECRETORY (IM) + SALIVA (IM); "IGA in tears": index IGA, SECRETORY (IM) + TEARS (IM)

UI = D007070

 

IgA Deficiency

AN = DF: IGA DEFIC

MS = A dysgammaglobulinemia characterized by a deficiency of IgA.

UI = D017098

 

IgA, Secretory

AN = salivary IGA: index IGA, SECRETORY (IM) + SALIVA (IM or NIM); IGA in tears: index IGA, SECRETORY (IM) + TEARS (IM); for defic see TN 225

MS = The principle Ig found in exocrine secretions such as milk, respiratory and intestinal mucin, saliva and tears. It is composed of two to four molecules of 7S IgA and one molecule each of J Chain and secretory component (SC), also called secretory piece. Molecular weight appr. 400,000.

UI = D007071

 

IgD

AN = /defic = IGD /defic (IM) + DYSGAMMAGLOBULINEMIA (IM) (TN 225); gammopathy: indexing instructions in TN 226; IGD1, IGD2, etc. go here

UI = D007072

 

IgE

AN = /defic = IGE /defic (IM) + DYSGAMMAGLOBULINEMIA (IM) (TN 225); gammopathy: indexing instructions in TN 226

UI = D007073

 

IgG

AN = gammopathy: indexing instructions in TN 226; IGG1, IGG2, etc. go here

UI = D007074

 

IgG Deficiency

AN = DF: IGG DEFIC

MS = A dysgammaglobulinemia characterized by a deficiency of IgG.

UI = D017099

 

IgM

AN = /defic = IGM /defic (IM) + DYSGAMMAGLOBULINEMIA (IM) (TN 225); gammopathy: indexing instructions in TN 226; IGM1, etc. go here

MS = Class of immunoglobulin bearing mu chains. IgM can fix complement. The designation IgM was chosen because this immunoglobulin has a high molecular weight and was originally called a macroglobulin. (Rosen et al., Dictionary of Immunology, 1989)

UI = D007075

 

Iguanas

AN = IM; qualif permitted

MS = Large herbivorous tropical American lizards.

UI = D007076

 

Ilarvirus

AN = a genus of mosaic viruses; from Isometric LAbile Ringspot; coord IM with specific plant /virol or tree /virol (IM or NIM)

MS = A genus of the family BROMOVIRIDAE which infects mainly woody plants. Species are divided into ten subgroups. Tobacco streak virus is the type species.

UI = D019179

 

Ileal Diseases

AN = inflamm dis = ILEITIS

MS = Diseases of the ileum including the ileocecal valve.

UI = D007077

 

Ileal Neoplasms

AN = /blood supply /chem /second /secret /ultrastruct permitted; coord IM with histol type of neopl (IM)

MS = Neoplasms of the ileum including the ileocecal valve.

UI = D007078

 

Ileitis

UI = D007079

 

Ileocecal Valve

AN = diseases: coord IM with ILEAL DISEASES (IM); neopl: coord IM with ILEAL NEOPLASMS (IM); ileocecal intussusception or invagination: index under ILEOCECAL VALVE (IM) + INTUSSUSCEPTION (IM) + ILEAL DISEASES (NIM) but not also CECAL DISEASES

UI = D007080

 

Ileostomy

AN = do not use /util except by MeSH definition; restrict to ileal stoma on abdom wall: do not confuse with JEJUNOILEAL BYPASS

MS = Surgical creation of an external opening into the ileum for fecal diversion or drainage. Loop or tube procedures are most often employed.

UI = D007081

 

Ileum

AN = do not confuse with ILEUS or ILIUM; /surg: consider ILEOSTOMY; inflammation = ILEITIS; ileocecal intussusception or invagination: index under ILEOCECAL VALVE (IM) + INTUSSUSCEPTION (IM) + ILEAL DISEASES (NIM); ileocolic intussusception: index under ILEAL DISEASES (IM) + INTUSSUSCEPTION (IM) but not also COLONIC DISEASES; ileum as smooth muscle is probably MUSCLE, SMOOTH (IM) + ILEUM (NIM); jejuno-ileal bypass or shunt or jejuno-ileostomy in obesity: index under JEJUNOILEAL BYPASS & not also under OBESITY (note XR ref)

UI = D007082

 

Iliac Aneurysm

AN = aneurysm of an iliac artery; dissecting aneurysm: coord IM with ANEURYSM, DISSECTING (IM); rupture: coord with ANEURYSM, RUPTURED (IM) or if spontaneous, with RUPTURE, SPONTANEOUS (NIM)

MS = An aneurysm of the common, internal, or external iliac arteries.

UI = D017543

 

Iliac Artery

MS = Either of two large arteries originating from the abdominal aorta; they supply blood to the pelvis, abdominal wall and legs.

UI = D007083

 

Iliac Vein

MS = A vein on either side of the body which is formed by the union of the external and internal iliac veins and passes upward to join with its fellow of the opposite side to form the inferior vena cava.

UI = D007084

 

Ilium

AN = part of the hip; do not confuse with ILEUM, part of the small intestine

UI = D007085

 

Ilizarov Technique

AN = bone fixation method using an external fixator; do not use /util except by MeSH definition

MS = A bone fixation technique using an external fixator (FIXATORS, EXTERNAL) for lengthening limbs, correcting pseudarthroses and other deformities, and assisting the healing of otherwise hopeless traumatic or pathological fractures and infections, such as chronic osteomyelitis. The method was devised by the Russian orthopedic surgeon Gavriil Abramovich Ilizarov (1921-1992). (From Bull Hosp Jt Dis 1992 Summer;52(1):1)

UI = D018889

 

Illegitimacy

AN = the child or the unwed parents; if with ref to parents, coord IM with PARENTS (IM)

MS = The state of birth outside of wedlock. It may refer to the offspring or the parents.

UI = D007086

 

Illinois

AN = CHICAGO is also available

UI = D007087

 

Illusions

AN = do not confuse with DELUSIONS

MS = The misinterpretation of a real external, sensory experience.

UI = D007088

 

Iloprost

MS = An eicosanoid, derived from the cyclooxygenase pathway of arachidonic acid metabolism. It is a stable and synthetic analog of EPOPROSTENOL, but with a longer half-life than the parent compound. Its actions are similar to prostacyclin. Iloprost produces vasodilation and inhibits platelet aggregation.

UI = D016285

 

Image Cytometry

AN = a cytophotometry technique

MS = A technique encompassing morphometry, densitometry, neural networks, and expert systems that has numerous clinical and research applications and is particularly useful in anatomic pathology for the study of malignant lesions. The most common current application of image cytometry is for DNA analysis, followed by quantitation of immunohistochemical staining.

UI = D019044

 

Image Enhancement

AN = RADIOGRAPHIC IMAGE ENHANCEMENT is also available

MS = Improvement of the quality of a picture by various techniques, including computer processing, digital filtering, echocardiographic techniques, light and ultrastructural microscopy, fluorescence spectrometry and microscopy, scintigraphy, and in vitro image processing at the molecular level.

UI = D007089

 

Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted

AN = DF: IMAGE INTERP

MS = Computer systems developed to aid in the interpretation of ultrasound, radiographic images, etc.

UI = D007090

 

Image Processing, Computer-Assisted

MS = A technique of inputting two-dimensional images into a computer and then enhancing or analyzing the imagery into a form that is more useful to the human observer.

UI = D007091

 

Imagery (Psychotherapy)

AN = a psychother technique; do not confuse with the imagery or mental images produced by the imagination ( = IMAGINATION); DF: IMAGERY

MS = The use of mental images produced by the imagination as a form of psychotherapy. It can be classified by the modality of its content: visual, verbal, auditory, olfactory, tactile, gustatory, or kinesthetic. Common themes derive from nature imagery (e.g., forests and mountains), water imagery (e.g., brooks and oceans), travel imagery, etc. Imagery is used in the treatment of mental disorders and in helping patients cope with other diseases. Imagery often forms a part of HYPNOSIS, of AUTOGENIC TRAINING, of RELAXATION TECHNIQUES, and of BEHAVIOR THERAPY. (From Encyclopedia of Human Behavior, vol. 4, pp29-30, 1994)

UI = D019018

 

Imagination

AN = note see related IMAGERY (PSYCHOTHERAPY): use of images & imagery as a psychother technique so do not confuse with images produced by the imagination ( = IMAGINATION)

MS = A new pattern of perceptual or ideational material derived from past experience.

UI = D007092

 

Imidazoles

AN = includes imidazolines, imidazolidines

UI = D007093

 

Imides

AN = do not confuse with IMINES or AMIDES

UI = D007094

 

Imidocarb

AN = an antiprotozoal

MS = N,N'-bis(3-(4,5-Dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-yl)phenyl)urea. Antiprotozoal agent used in veterinary medicine against blood parasites, especially babesia in livestock; causes kidney damage.

UI = D007095

 

Imidoesters

AN = reagents; D25-26 qualif

MS = Esters of the hypothetical imidic acids. They react with amines or amino acids to form amidines and are therefore used to modify protein structures and as cross-linking agents.

UI = D007096

 

Imines

AN = do not confuse with IMIDES or AMINES

UI = D007097

 

Imino Acids

AN = do not confuse with AMINO ACIDS; DF: AA SECOND for X ref

UI = D007098

 

Imipenem

AN = a lactam antibiotic

MS = 6-(1-Hydroxyethyl)-3-((2-((iminomethyl)amino)ethyl)thio)-7- oxo-1-azabicyclo(3.2.0)hept-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid. Semisynthetic thienamycin that has a wide spectrum of antibacterial activity against gram-negative and gram-positive aerobic and anaerobic bacteria, including many multiresistant strains. It is stable to beta-lactamases. Clinical studies have demonstrated high efficacy in the treatment of infections of various body systems. Its effectiveness is enhanced when it is administered in combination with CILASTATIN, a renal dipeptidase inhibitor.

UI = D015378

 

Imipramine

AN = an antidepressant

MS = The prototypical tricyclic antidepressant. It has been used in major depression, dysthymia, bipolar depression, attention-deficit disorders, agoraphobia, and panic disorders. It has less sedative effect than some other members of this therapeutic group.

UI = D007099

 

Imitative Behavior

AN = human & animal

MS = The mimicking of the behavior of one individual by another.

UI = D007100

 

Immediate-Early Proteins

AN = proteins coded by immed-early genes: read MeSH definition for history of "immediate-early"

MS = Proteins that are coded by immediate-early genes, in the absence of de novo protein synthesis. The term was originally used exclusively for viral regulatory proteins that were synthesized just after viral integration into the host cell. It is also used to describe cellular proteins which are synthesized immediately after the resting cell is stimulated by extracellular signals.

UI = D017874

 

Immersion

MS = The placing of a body or a part thereof into a liquid.

UI = D007101

 

Immersion Foot

MS = A condition of the feet produced by prolonged exposure of the feet to water. Exposure for 48 hours or more to warm water causes tropical immersion foot or warm-water immersion foot common in Vietnam where troops were exposed to prolonged or repeated wading in paddy fields or streams. Trench foot results from prolonged exposure to cold, without actual freezing. It was common in trench warfare during World War I, when soldiers stood, sometimes for hours, in trenches with a few inches of cold water in them. (Andrews' Diseases of the Skin, 8th ed, p27)

UI = D007102

 

Immobilization

AN = restrict to deliberate act of rendering whole or part of human or animal body immobile or for the state of immobility; in Russian lit "hypokinesia" = IMMOBILIZATION, not see related HYPOKINESIA (see definition there); deliberate or accidental; immobilization of animals for easy handling can go here if by tranquilizers or methods other than RESTRAINT, PHYSICAL (see note there); "bedridden patients" can go here; not for immobilization of fractures ( = FRACTURE FIXATION: see TN 87); TN 166: do not confuse with BED REST

MS = The act of rendering whole or part of the body immobile, whether accidental or deliberate. This also refers to the state of immobility.

UI = D007103

 

Immune Adherence Reaction

MS = A method for the detection of very small quantities of antibody in which the antigen-antibody-complement complex adheres to indicator cells, usually primate erythrocytes or nonprimate blood platelets. The reaction is dependent on the number of bound C3 molecules on the C3b receptor sites of the indicator cell.

UI = D007104

 

Immune Complex Diseases

AN = dis caused by deposition of antigen-antibody complexes with resultant damage to tissue; "immune complex" = IMMUNE COMPLEX see ANTIGEN-ANTIBODY COMPLEX

MS = Group of diseases mediated by the deposition of large soluble complexes of antigen and antibody with resultant damage to tissue. Besides SERUM SICKNESS and the ARTHUS REACTION, evidence supports a pathogenic role for immune complexes in many other systemic immunologic diseases including GLOMERULONEPHRITIS, systemic lupus erythematosus (LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS, SYSTEMIC) and POLYARTERITIS NODOSA.

UI = D007105

 

Immune Sera

MS = Serum that contains antibodies. It is obtained from an animal that has been immunized either by antigen injection or infection with microorganisms containing the antigen.

UI = D007106

 

Immune System

AN = note category; GEN: prefer specifics; /physiol: consider also IMMUNITY & its indentions

MS = Cellular and molecular components having the primary function of distinguishing self from non-self and defense against foreign organisms or substances. The primary cellular components are lymphocytes and macrophages, and the primary molecular components are antibodies and lymphokines. (From Dorland, 27th ed)

UI = D007107

 

Immune Tolerance

AN = do not confuse X ref IMMUNOSUPPRESSION (PHYSIOLOGY) with the Cat E immunol technique IMMUNOSUPPRESSION: Manual 28.21.1

MS = The specific failure of a normally responsive individual to make an immune response to a known antigen. It results from previous contact with the antigen by an immunologically immature individual (fetus or neonate) or by an adult exposed to extreme high-dose or low-dose antigen, or by exposure to radiation, antimetabolites, antilymphocytic serum, etc.

UI = D007108

 

Immunity

AN = IM GEN only for "immunity" or "immune process"; NIM with specific disease /immunol (IM); "immune response": index under ANTIBODY FORMATION (usually discusses B-lymphocytes) or IMMUNITY, CELLULAR (usually discusses T-lymphocytes); TN 242 CATALOG: form qualif permitted

MS = Nonsusceptibility to the invasive or pathogenic effects of foreign microorganisms or to the toxic effect of antigenic substances.

UI = D007109

 

Immunity, Active

AN = IM general only, NIM with specific disease /immunol (IM): TN 242

MS = Resistance to a disease agent resulting from the production of specific antibodies by the host, either after exposure to the disease or after vaccination.

UI = D007110

 

Immunity, Cellular

AN = IM general only, NIM with specific disease /immunol (IM): TN 242

MS = Those manifestations of the immune response which are mediated by antigen-sensitized T-lymphocytes via lymphokines or direct cytotoxicity. This takes place in the absence of circulating antibody or where antibody plays a subordinate role.

UI = D007111

 

Immunity, Maternally-Acquired

AN = of fetus by transplacental transfer or of neonate through colostrum or milk; do not add MATERNAL-FETAL EXCHANGE; note category: do not confuse with IMMUNIZATION, PASSIVE (Cat E); TN 242

MS = Resistance to a disease-causing agent induced by the introduction of maternal immunity into the fetus by transplacental transfer or into the neonate through colostrum and milk.

UI = D007112

 

Immunity, Mucosal

AN = IM general only, NIM with specific disease /immunol (IM)

MS = Nonsusceptibility to the pathogenic effects of foreign microorganisms or antigenic substances as a result of antibody secretions of the mucous membranes. Mucosal epithelia in the gastrointestinal, respiratory, and reproductive tracts produce a form of IgA (IGA, SECRETORY) that serves to protect these ports of entry into the body.

UI = D018928

 

Immunity, Natural

AN = IM general only, NIM with specific disease /immunol (IM): TN 242

MS = The capacity of a normal organism to remain unaffected by microorganisms and their toxins. It results from non-specific mechanisms such as genetic endowment, naturally occurring antiviral and bactericidal substances, phagocytosis, and constitutional factors such as body temperature, oxygen tension, and age.

UI = D007113

 

Immunization

AN = IM; do not use /util except by MeSH definition

MS = Deliberate stimulation of the host's immune response. Active immunization involves administration of antigens or immunologic adjuvants. Passive immunization involves administration of immune sera or lymphocytes or their extracts (e.g., transfer factor, immune RNA) or transplantation of immunocompetent cell producing tissue (thymus or bone marrow).

UI = D007114

 

Immunization Programs

AN = IM; coord with specific dis /prev (IM) or specific vaccine or other type of immunization (IM); specify geog if pertinent CATALOG: /geog /form

MS = Organized services to administer immunization procedures in the prevention of various diseases. The programs are made available over a wide range of sites: schools, hospitals, public health agencies, voluntary health agencies, etc. They are administered to an equally wide range of population groups or on various administrative levels: community, municipal, state, national, international.

UI = D017589

 

Immunization Schedule

AN = no qualif

MS = Schedule giving optimum times usually for primary and/or secondary immunization.

UI = D007115

 

Immunization, Passive

AN = IM; note category: do not confuse with IMMUNITY, MATERNALLY-ACQUIRED (Cat G) nor X ref PASSIVE TRANSFER OF IMMUNITY with passive transfer of immune tolerance ( = IMMUNOSUPPRESSION) nor X ref IMMUNOGLOBULIN THERAPY with IMMUNOGLOBULINS, INTRAVENOUS

MS = Transfer of immunity from immunized to non-immune host by administration of serum antibodies, or transplantation of lymphocytes (ADOPTIVE TRANSFER).

UI = D007116

 

Immunization, Secondary

MS = Any immunization following a primary immunization and involving exposure to the same or a closely related antigen.

UI = D007117

 

Immunoassay

AN = GEN or unspecified; prefer specifics; NIM

MS = Immunochemical assay or detection of a substance by serologic or immunologic methods. Usually the substance being studied serves as antigen both in antibody production and in measurement of antibody by the test substance.

UI = D007118

 

Immunoblastic Lymphadenopathy

MS = A disorder characterized by proliferation of arborizing small vessels, prominent immunoblastic proliferations and amorphous acidophilic interstitial material. Clinical manifestations include fever, sweats, weight loss, generalized lymphadenopathy and frequently hepatosplenomegaly.

UI = D007119

 

Immunoblotting

AN = GEN or unspecified: prefer specifics; NIM; DF: IMMUNOBLOT

MS = Immunologic methods for isolating and quantitatively measuring immunoreactive substances. When used with immune reagents such as monoclonal antibodies, the process is known generically as western blot analysis (BLOTTING, WESTERN).

UI = D015151

 

Immunochemistry

AN = GEN; avoid as coord; SPEC qualif when IM; no qualif when NIM

MS = Field of chemistry that pertains to immunological phenomena and the study of chemical reactions related to antigen stimulation of tissues. It includes physicochemical interactions between antigens and antibodies.

UI = D007120

 

Immunocompetence

AN = "immunologically competent cells" = B-LYMPHOCYTES or T-LYMPHOCYTES but do not add IMMUNOCOMPETENCE

MS = The ability of lymphoid cells to mount a humoral or cellular immune response when challenged by antigen.

UI = D007121

 

Immunocompromised Host

AN = note category: a physiol state in man or animal; coord IM with disease or physiol state complicating the immunocompromised state (IM with /immunol) or with the immunosuppressive agent (IM with pertinent subh)

MS = A human or animal whose immunologic mechanism is deficient because of an immunodeficiency disorder or other disease or as the result of the administration of immunosuppressive drugs or radiation.

UI = D016867

 

Immunoconjugates

AN = useful in targeting drugs & radioisotopes in chemo- & radioimmunother

MS = Combinations of diagnostic or therapeutic substances linked with specific immune substances such as immunoglobulins, monoclonal antibodies or antigens. Often the diagnostic or therapeutic substance is a radionuclide. These conjugates are useful tools for specific targeting of drugs and radioisotopes in the chemotherapy and radioimmunotherapy of certain cancers.

UI = D018796

 

Immunodeficiency Virus, Bovine

AN = a species of Lentivirus; infection: coord IM with LENTIVIRUS INFECTIONS (IM); DF: BIV

MS = A species of LENTIVIRUS, subgenus bovine lentiviruses (LENTIVIRUSES, BOVINE), found in cattle and causing lymphadenopathy, lymphocytosis, central nervous system lesions, progressive weakness, and emaciation. It has immunological cross-reactivity with other lentiviruses including HIV.

UI = D016087

 

Immunodeficiency Virus, Feline

AN = a species of Lentivirus; infection: coord IM with LENTIVIRUS INFECTIONS (IM) or FELINE ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME (IM) if so specified by author; DF: FIV

MS = A species of LENTIVIRUS, subgenus feline lentiviruses (LENTIVIRUSES, FELINE) isolated from cats with a chronic wasting syndrome, presumed to be immune deficiency. There is no antigenic relationship between FIV and HIV, nor does FIV grow in human T-cells.

UI = D016089

 

Immunodiffusion

AN = NIM

MS = Technique involving the diffusion of antigen or antibody through a semisolid medium, usually agar or agarose gel, with the result being a precipitin reaction.

UI = D005779

 

Immunodominant Epitopes

AN = subunits of epitopes most easily recognized by the immune system

MS = Subunits of the antigenic determinant that are most easily recognized by the immune system and thus most influence the specificity of the induced antibody.

UI = D016056

 

Immunoelectrophoresis

AN = GEN or unspecified; prefer specifics; NIM

MS = A technique that combines protein electrophoresis and double immunodiffusion. In this procedure proteins are first separated by gel electrophoresis (usually agarose), then made visible by immunodiffusion of specific antibodies. A distinct elliptical precipitin arc results for each protein detectable by the antisera.

UI = D007122

 

Immunoelectrophoresis, Two-Dimensional

AN = NIM; do not confuse X ref IMMUNOELECTROPHORESIS, CROSSED with IMMUNOELECTROPHORESIS, CROSSOVER see COUNTERIMMUNOELECTROPHORESIS; DF: IMMUNOELECTROPHORESIS 2D

MS = Immunoelectrophoresis in which a second electrophoretic transport is performed on the initially separated antigen fragments into an antibody-containing medium in a direction perpendicular to the first electrophoresis.

UI = D007123

 

Immunoenzyme Techniques

AN = coord with specific enzyme with no qualif (NIM) but do not bother to add PEROXIDASES or specific; EMIT (ENZYME MULTIPLIED IMMUNOASSAY TECHNIQUE) is available CATALOG: do not use /laboratory manuals

MS = Immunologic techniques based on the use of: 1) enzyme-antibody conjugates; 2) enzyme-antigen conjugates; 3) antienzyme antibody followed by its homologous enzyme; or 4) enzyme-antienzyme complexes. These are used histologically for visualizing or labeling tissue specimens.

UI = D007124

 

Immunogenetics

AN = GEN; avoid as coord; SPEC qualif when IM; no qualif when NIM

MS = A branch of genetics which deals with the genetic basis of the immune response.

UI = D007125

 

Immunoglobulin Allotypes

AN = GEN or unspecified; prefer specifics; for defic see TN 225; Am allotype goes here (IM) + IGA (IM); DF: IG ALLOTYPES

MS = Hereditary serologic types based on antigenic differences in the light and heavy chains of immunoglobulins due to allelic genes in the gene loci coding the chains. The Inv system applies to the kappa light chains, the Gm system applies to the heavy chains of IgG.

UI = D007126

 

Immunoglobulin Class Switching

MS = Gene rearrangement of the B-lymphocyte which results in a substitution in the type of heavy-chain constant region that is expressed. This allows the effector response to change while the antigen binding specificity (variable region) remains the same. The majority of class switching occurs by a DNA recombination event but it also can take place at the level of RNA processing.

UI = D017578

 

Immunoglobulin Constant Region

AN = for defic see TN 225; DF: IG CONSTANT REGION

MS = That region of the immunoglobulin (antibody) molecule that is invariable in its amino acid sequence within any class of immunoglobulins. It confers the biological specificity to the Ig and is grossly species specific. It comprises the C-terminus half of the light chains and three quarters or more of the heavy chains, all of the Fc fragment, and the C-terminus half of the Fab fragment.

UI = D007127

 

Immunoglobulin Fragments

AN = for defic see TN 225; DF: IG FRAGMENTS

UI = D007128

 

Immunoglobulin Gm Allotypes

AN = DF: IG GM ALLOTYPES

MS = Hereditary allotypic markers associated with the heavy chain of IgG.

UI = D007129

 

Immunoglobulin Idiotypes

AN = for defic see TN 225; DF: IG IDIOTYPES

MS = Unique, genetically controlled determinants present on antibodies whose specificity is limited to a single group of proteins (e.g., another antibody molecule or an individual myeloma protein). The idiotype appears to represent the antigenicity of the antigen-binding site of the antibody and to be genetically codetermined with it. The idiotypic determinants have been precisely located to the variable regions of both immunoglobin polypeptide chains.

UI = D007130

 

Immunoglobulin Inv Allotypes

AN = DF: IG INV ALLOTYPES

MS = Hereditary allotypic markers associated with the light chain of IgG.

UI = D007131

 

Immunoglobulin Isotypes

AN = for defic see TN 225; DF: IG ISOTYPES

MS = The classes of immunoglobulins found in any species of animal. In man there are nine classes that migrate in five different groups in electrophoresis; they each consist of two light and two heavy protein chains, and each group has distinguishing structural and functional properties.

UI = D007132

 

Immunoglobulin Joining Region

AN = for defic see TN 225; DF: IG JOINING REGION

MS = Segment of light and heavy chains of mouse and human immunoglobulins where the genes for the variable region upstream join those of the constant region downstream (an important part of the ANTIBODY DIVERSITY mechanism). In the joining region of the light chain are the genes coding for amino acids 96 to 107.

UI = D007133

 

Immunoglobulin Switch Region

AN = DF: IG SWITCH REGION

MS = A site on a segment of a B-cell immunoglobulin heavy-chain gene where recombination (or rearrangement) can occur. It is involved in isotype or allotype switching and maturation of the immune response. Ig switch regions are found on genes encoding all five immunoglobulin heavy chains.

UI = D007134

 

Immunoglobulin Variable Region

AN = for defic see TN 225; DF: IG VARIABLE REGION

MS = That region of the immunoglobulin (antibody) molecule that varies in its amino acid sequence and composition, confers the antigenic specificity, and is thought to comprise the binding site for the antigen. It is located at the N-terminus of the Fab fragment of the immunoglobulin. It includes hypervariable and framework regions, VH family subgroups, and the complementarity-determining region.

UI = D007135

 

Immunoglobulins

AN = GEN: prefer specifics; /admin: consider also IMMUNOGLOBULINS, INTRAVENOUS; /defic permitted but consider also IMMUNOLOGIC DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES (TN 225); /ther use = IMMUNOGLOBULIN THERAPY see IMMUNIZATION, PASSIVE; TN 224: hist & relation to gamma-globulins; gammopathy or immunoglobulin excess: TN 226; allotypes = IMMUNOGLOBULIN ALLOTYPES or specifics

MS = Any of the structurally related glycoproteins that function as antibodies. They are divided into five classes (IGA, IGD, IGE, IGG, IGM) on the basis of structure and biological activity. (Dorland, 27th ed)

UI = D007136

 

Immunoglobulins, alpha-Chain

AN = for defic see TN 225; gammopathy or excess = IMMUNOGLOBULINS, ALPHA CHAIN (NIM) + HEAVY CHAIN DISEASE (IM): TN 226; DF: IG ALPHA CHAIN

MS = Heavy chains found in the Fab and Fc fragments of IgA and having a molecular weight of approximately 58 kD. They contain about 470 amino acid residues arranged in four domains and an oligosaccharide component bound covalently to the Fc fragment.

UI = D007137

 

Immunoglobulins, delta-Chain

AN = for defic see TN 225; gammopathy or excess = IMMUNOGLOBULINS, DELTA CHAIN (NIM) + HEAVY CHAIN DISEASE (IM): TN 226; DF: IG DELTA CHAIN

MS = Heavy chains found in the Fab and Fc fragments of IgD and having a molecular weight of approximately 64 kD. They contain about 500 amino acid residues arranged in four domains and an oligosaccharide component covalently bound to the Fc fragment.

UI = D007138

 

Immunoglobulins, epsilon-Chain

AN = for defic see TN 225; gammopathy or excess = IMMUNOGLOBULINS, EPSILON CHAIN (NIM) + HEAVY CHAIN DISEASE (IM): TN 226; DF: IG EPSILON CHAIN

MS = Heavy chains found in the Fab and Fc fragments of IgE and having a molecular weight of approximately 72 kD. They contain about 550 amino acid residues arranged in five domains and about three times more carbohydrate than the heavy chains of IgA, IgD, and IgG.

UI = D007139

 

Immunoglobulins, Fab

AN = for defic see TN 225; DF: IG FAB

MS = Antigen-binding fragments composed of one entire light chain and about half of one of the heavy chains, linked to each other by disulfide bonds. Fab contains the antigen binding site which is part of the variable region of the immunoglobulin molecule.

UI = D007140

 

Immunoglobulins, Fc

AN = for defic see TN 225; DF: IG FC

MS = Crystallizable fragments composed of the carboxy-terminal halves of both heavy chains linked to each other by disulfide bonds. Fc fragments are responsible for the effector functions of antibodies (complement fixation, binding to cell membranes, and placental transport).

UI = D007141

 

Immunoglobulins, gamma-Chain

AN = for defic see TN 225; gammopathy or excess = IMMUNOGLOBULINS, GAMMA CHAIN (NIM) + HEAVY CHAIN DISEASE (IM): TN 226; DF: IG GAMMA CHAIN

MS = Heavy chains found in the Fab and Fc fragments of IgG and having a molecular weight of approximately 51 kD. They contain about 450 amino acid residues arranged in four domains and an oligosaccharide component covalently bound to the Fc fragment. The gamma chains of the four IgG subgroups are not identical, but resemble each other more closely than the heavy chains of a different immunoglobulin.

UI = D007142

 

Immunoglobulins, Heavy-Chain

AN = for defic see TN 225; gammopathies: TN 226; DF: IG HEAVY CHAIN

MS = Major components of immunoglobulin molecules. They are the larger of the two types of polypeptide chains responsible for the biological and immunological properties of the different immunoglobulins. They differ according to the class of Ig from which they were isolated, contain 450 to 600 amino acid residues per chain, and have molecular weights of 51-72 kD. One Ig molecule comprises two heavy and two light chains.

UI = D007143

 

Immunoglobulins, Intravenous

AN = /adv eff-pois-tox /admin /blood-csf-urine /ther use permitted; usually infused intravenously so do not coord with INFUSIONS, INTRAVENOUS; DF: IG IV or IGIV

MS = Immunoglobulin preparations used in intravenous infusion, containing primarily IgG. They are used to treat a variety of diseases associated with decreased or abnormal immunoglobulin levels including pediatric AIDS, primary hypergammaglobulinemia, SCID, cytomegalovirus infections in transplant recipients, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, Kawasaki syndrome, infection in neonates, and idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura.

UI = D016756

 

Immunoglobulins, J-Chain

AN = for defic see TN 225; DF: IG J CHAIN

MS = The immunoglobulin fragments found in the light chain fractions of secretory IgA and polymeric IgM in a ratio of one J chain per one IgA dimer or one IgM pentamer. It is a polypeptide with a molecular weight of about 17 kD and probably serves either to bind the components of the globulins together or to transfer the globulins across membranes.

UI = D007144

 

Immunoglobulins, kappa-Chain

AN = for defic see TN 225; gammopathy or excess: indexing instructions in TN 226; DF: IG KAPPA CHAIN

MS = One of the light chains of the immunoglobulins with a molecular weight of approximately 22 kD. They constitute about 60% of all light chains and can be recognized serologically as well as by their specific amino acid sequence.

UI = D007145

 

Immunoglobulins, lambda-Chain

AN = for defic see TN 225; gammopathy or excess: indexing instructions in TN 226; DF: IG LAMBDA CHAIN

MS = One of the light chains of the immunoglobulins with a molecular weight of approximately 22 kD. They constitute about 40% of all light chains and can be recognized serologically as well as by their specific amino acid sequence.

UI = D007146

 

Immunoglobulins, Light-Chain

AN = for defic see TN 225; gammopathy or excess: indexing instructions in TN 226; DF: IG LIGHT CHAIN

MS = Polypeptide chains, consisting of 211 to 217 amino acid residues, isolated from immunoglobulins and having a molecular weight of approximately 22 kD. There are two major types of light chains, kappa and lambda. In man they are found in a ratio of 60% to 40%, respectively. Both chains consist of linear repeating, similar, but not identical, segments of about 110 amino acid residues. In each segment a disulfide bond establishes a tightly folded approximately 60-membered loop or domain. Adjacent domains are linked by less tightly folded regions. Both light chains contain two such domains. Two light and two heavy chains make one immunoglobulin molecule, but both light chains in one Ig are of the same type.

UI = D007147

 

Immunoglobulins, mu-Chain

AN = for defic see TN 225; gammopathy or excess = IMMUNOGLOBULINS, MU CHAIN (NIM) + HEAVY CHAIN DISEASE (IM): TN 226; DF: IG MU CHAIN

MS = Heavy chains found in the Fab and Fc fragments of IgM and having a molecular weight of approximately 72 kD. They contain about 57 amino acid residues arranged in five domains and have more oligosaccharide branches and a higher carbohydrate content than the heavy chains of IgG.

UI = D007148

 

Immunoglobulins, Surface

AN = for defic see TN 225; DF: IG SURFACE

MS = Immunoglobulins bound to the surface of lymphocytes.

UI = D007149

 

Immunoglobulins, Thyroid-Stimulating

AN = autoantibodies; DF: IG THYROID STIMULATING

MS = Autoantibodies that bind to the thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) receptor (RECEPTORS, THYROTROPIN) on thyroid epithelial cells. The autoantibodies mimic TSH causing an unregulated production of thyroid hormones characteristic of GRAVES' DISEASE.

UI = D018828

 

Immunohistochemistry

AN = GEN; avoid as coord; SPEC qualif when IM; no qualif when NIM; immunohistochem of disease is disease /diag or /metab

MS = Histochemical localization of immunoreactive substances using labeled antibodies as reagents.

UI = D007150

 

Immunologic and Biological Factors

AN = not used for indexing; IMMUNOLOGIC FACTORS & BIOLOGICAL FACTORS are available CATALOG: do not use

MS = A collective grouping for biologically active substances that play a role in the functioning of the immune system and those that show biological or physiological activity.

UI = D007151

 

Immunologic Capping

AN = titles say "capping" or "capping of lymphocytes" or "receptor capping" or "leukocyte capping": read MeSH definition; DF: IMMUNOL CAPPING

MS = The process by which lymphoid cell surface immunoglobulin receptors, when exposed to bivalent anti-Ig antibodies, collect in patches and form a cap at one pole of the cell. The caps may then be endocytosed or shed into the environment in the form of antigen-antibody complexes. Capping has also been induced by lectins and antigens.

UI = D007152

 

Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes

AN = GEN or unspecified; for defic of specific immunoprotein, IMMUNOGLOBULINS or specific immunoglobulin, use specific with /defic; TN 223: definition & use; TN 225: differentiation from immunoglobulin defic; Manual 23.25.2; DF: IMMUNOL DEFIC SYNDROMES

MS = Syndromes in which there is a deficiency or defect in the mechanisms of immunity, either cellular or humoral.

UI = D007153

 

Immunologic Diseases

AN = GEN: prefer specifics CATALOG: form qualif permitted

MS = Disorders caused by abnormal or absent immunologic mechanisms, whether humoral, cell-mediated or both.

UI = D007154

 

Immunologic Factors

AN = GEN; prefer specifics; used for mapping supplementary chemicals

MS = Biologically active substances whose activities affect or play a role in the functioning of the immune system.

UI = D007155

 

Immunologic Memory

MS = The altered state of immunologic responsiveness resulting from initial contact with antigen, which enables the individual to produce antibodies more rapidly and in greater quantity in response to secondary antigenic stimulus.

UI = D007156

 

Immunologic Surveillance

AN = a function of T-lymphocytes: nothing to do with epidemiol surveillance

MS = The theory that T-cells monitor cell surfaces and detect structural changes in the plasma membrane and/or surface antigens of virally or neoplastically transformed cells.

UI = D007157

 

Immunologic Techniques

AN = GEN: prefer specifics; NIM; do not confuse with IMMUNOLOGIC TESTS ( = immunol techniques applied to diag); DF: IMMUNOL TECHNIQUES CATALOG: do not use /laboratory manuals

UI = D007158

 

Immunologic Tests

AN = GEN: prefer specifics; NIM; do not confuse with IMMUNOLOGIC TECHNIQUES: see note there; do not use /util except by MeSH definition

MS = Diagnostic techniques involving the demonstration or measurement of an immune response, including antibody production or assay, antigen-antibody reactions, serologic cross-reactivity, delayed hypersensitivity reactions, or heterogenetic responses.

UI = D007159

 

Immunomagnetic Separation

AN = a cell separation technique; used in bone marrow purging

MS = A cell-separation technique where magnetizable microspheres or beads are first coated with monoclonal antibody, allowed to search and bind to target cells, and are then selectively removed when passed through a magnetic field. Among other applications, the technique is commonly used to remove tumor cells from the marrow of patients who are to undergo autologous bone marrow transplantation.

UI = D018189

 

Immunophenotyping

MS = Process of classifying cells of the immune system based on structural and functional differences. The process is commonly used to analyze and sort T-lymphocytes into subsets based on CD antigens by the technique of flow cytometry.

UI = D016130

 

Immunophilins

MS = Members of a family of highly conserved proteins which are all cis-trans peptidyl-proyl isomerases (PEPTIDYLPROLYL ISOMERASE). They are receptors for the immunosuppressant drugs CYCLOSPORIN A, TACROLIMUS, and RAPAMYCIN. They possess rotomase activity, which is inhibited by the immunosuppresant drugs that bind to them.

UI = D020104

 

Immunoproliferative Disorders

AN = GEN or unspecified: prefer specifics

MS = Disorders characterized by abnormal proliferation of primary cells of the immune system or by excessive production of immunoglobulins.

UI = D007160

 

Immunoproliferative Small Intestinal Disease

AN = do not use /blood supply /chem /second /secret /ultrastruct

MS = A spectrum of conditions ranging from a benign plasma cell hyperplasia to a highly malignant lymphoma of the small intestine.

UI = D007161

 

Immunoproteins

AN = GEN or unspecified; prefer specifics

MS = Blood proteins whose activities affect or play a role in the functioning of the immune system.

UI = D007162

 

Immunoradiometric Assay

AN = NIM; do not confuse with RADIOIMMUNOASSAY; DF: IRMA

MS = Form of radioimmunoassay in which excess specific labeled antibody is added directly to the test antigen being measured.

UI = D015592

 

Immunosorbent Techniques

AN = NIM; do not use /util except by MeSH definition CATALOG: do not use /laboratory manuals

MS = Techniques for removal by adsorption and subsequent elution of a specific antibody or antigen using an immunosorbent containing the homologous antigen or antibody.

UI = D007163

 

Immunosorbents

MS = An insoluble support for an antigen or antibody used to adsorb the homologous antibody or antigen from a mixture; the adsorbed entity may then be eluted in pure form for assay or analysis; many different substances are used, among them sepharose, glutaraldehyde, copolymers of anhydrides, polyacrylamides, etc.

UI = D007164

 

Immunosuppression

AN = note category: "deliberate prevention or diminution of the host's immune response": do not confuse with IMMUNOSUPPRESSION (PHYSIOLOGY) see IMMUNE TOLERANCE (G4); do not use /util except by MeSH definition; OPPORTUNISTIC INFECTIONS is available if particularly discussed: see note there

MS = Deliberate prevention or diminution of the host's immune response. It may be nonspecific as in the administration of immunosuppressive agents (drugs or radiation) or by lymphocyte depletion or may be specific as in desensitization or the simultaneous administration of antigen and immunosuppressive drugs.

UI = D007165

 

Immunosuppressive Agents

MS = Agents that suppress immune function by one of several mechanisms of action. Classical cytotoxic immunosuppressants act by inhibiting DNA synthesis. Others may act through activation of suppressor T-cell populations or by inhibiting the activation of helper cells. While immunosuppression has been brought about in the past primarily to prevent rejection of transplanted organs, new applications involving mediation of the effects of interleukins and other cytokines are emerging.

UI = D007166

 

Immunotherapy

AN = GEN only; do not use /util except by MeSH definition; for ther: coord IM with dis /ther (IM)

MS = Manipulation of the host's immune system in treatment of disease. It includes both active and passive immunization as well as immunosuppressive therapy to prevent graft rejection.

UI = D007167

 

Immunotherapy, Active

AN = IM; do not use /util except by MeSH definition

MS = Active immunization where vaccine is administered for therapeutic or preventive purposes. This can include administration of immunopotentiating agents such as BCG vaccine and Corynebacterium parvum as well as biological response modifiers such as interferons, interleukins, and colony-stimulating factors in order to directly stimulate the immune system.

UI = D016233

 

Immunotherapy, Adoptive

AN = IM; do not use /util except by MeSH definition

MS = Form of adoptive transfer where cells with antitumor activity are transferred to the tumor-bearing host in order to mediate tumor regression. The lymphoid cells commonly used are lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL). This is usually considered a form of passive immunotherapy. (From DeVita, et al., Cancer, 1993, pp.305-7, 314)

UI = D016219

 

Immunotoxins

AN = IM; coord with specific toxin (IM) + specific immune substance (NIM)

MS = Semisynthetic conjugates of various toxic molecules, including radioactive isotopes and bacterial or plant toxins, with specific immune substances such as immunoglobulins, monoclonal antibodies, and antigens. The antitumor or antiviral immune substance carries the toxin to the tumor or infected cell where the toxin exerts its poisonous effect.

UI = D000922

 

IMP, Cyclic (see:Cyclic IMP)

 

IMP Dehydrogenase

MS = An enzyme that catalyzes the dehydrogenation of inosine 5'-phosphate to xanthosine 5'-phosphate in the presence of NAD. EC 1.1.1.205.

UI = D007168

 

Impetigo

AN = a staph or strep infect of the skin

MS = A common superficial bacterial infection caused by STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS or group A beta-hemolytic streptococci. Characteristics include pustular lesions that rupture and discharge a thin, amber-colored fluid that dries and forms a crust. This condition is commonly located on the face, especially about the mouth and nose.

UI = D007169

 

Implants, Experimental

MS = Artificial substitutes for body parts and materials inserted into organisms during experimental studies.

UI = D020007

 

Implosive Therapy

AN = a psychother technique, a form of psychol desensitization; DF: IMPLOSIVE THER

MS = A method for extinguishing anxiety by a saturation exposure to the feared stimulus situation or its substitute.

UI = D007171

 

Impotence

MS = The inability to perform sexual intercourse.

UI = D007172

 

Impotence, Vasculogenic

AN = do not coord with PENIS /blood supply + specific artery or vein unless the vasc heading is particularly discussed (probably NIM)

MS = Impotence caused by a diminution of blood flow to the penis. Arteries involved can be the terminal aorta, hypogastric, pudendal, penile, and cavernous arteries. Ectopic drainage of the corpora cavernosa via large superficial dorsal veins or abnormally large cavernous and crural veins can cause venogenic impotence. (From Walsh, et al., Campbell's Urology, 6th ed, p720). The expression "venous leakage" is seen often in international literature. Leakage refers to the failure of the blood to reach the penile erectile tissues.

UI = D018783

 

Imprinting (Psychology)

AN = human & animal

MS = A particular kind of learning characterized by occurrence in very early life, rapidity of acquisition, and relative insusceptibility to forgetting or extinction. Imprinted behavior includes most (or all) behavior commonly called instinctive, but imprinting is used purely descriptively.

UI = D007173

 

Impromidine

AN = a histamine H2 recept agonist

MS = N-(3-(1H-Imidazol-4-yl)propyl)-N'-(2-(((5-methyl-1H-imidazol-4-yl)methyl)thio)ethyl)guanidine. A highly potent and specific histamine H2 receptor agonist. It has been used diagnostically as a gastric secretion indicator.

UI = D017446

 

Impulse Control Disorders

MS = Disorders whose essential features are the failure to resist an impulse, drive, or temptation to perform an act that is harmful to the individual or to others. Individuals experience an increased sense of tension prior to the act and pleasure, gratification or release of tension at the time of committing the act.

UI = D007174

 

Impulsive Behavior

AN = use Cat F3 qualif

MS = An act performed without delay, reflection, voluntary direction or obvious control in response to a stimulus.

UI = D007175

 

In Situ Hybridization

AN = to locate specific nucleic acid seq

MS = A technique that localizes specific nucleic acid sequences within intact chromosomes, eukaryotic cells, or bacterial cells through the use of specific nucleic acid-labeled probes.

UI = D017403

 

In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence

MS = A type of IN SITU HYBRIDIZATION in which target sequences are stained with fluorescent dye so their location and size can be determined using fluorescence microscopy. This staining is sufficiently distinct that the hybridization signal can be seen both in metaphase spreads and in interphase nuclei.

UI = D017404

 

In Situ Nick-End Labeling

MS = An in situ method for detecting areas of DNA which are nicked during apoptosis. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase is used to add labeled dUTP, in a template-independent manner, to the 3 prime OH ends of either single- or double-stranded DNA. The terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase nick end labeling, or TUNEL, assay labels apoptosis on a single-cell level, making it more sensitive than agarose gel electrophoresis for analysis of DNA fragmentation.

UI = D020287

 

In Vitro

AN = check tag only; Manual 18.10+ CATALOG: do not use: for indexers only

UI = D007176

 

Inappropriate ADH Syndrome

AN = a pituitary dis causing low blood sodium & renal salt loss; ADH = antidiuretic hormone

MS = Hyponatremia and renal salt loss attributed to overexpansion of body fluids resulting from sustained release of antidiuretic hormone despite the absence of appropriate stimuli.

UI = D007177

 

Inbreeding

AN = animal only: for humans use CONSANGUINITY; no qualif; restrict to inbreeding as a genetic concept or a technique: not a routine term for inbred animals ( = ANIMALS, INBRED STRAINS or specific)

MS = The mating of plants or non-human animals which are closely related genetically.

UI = D007178

 

Incest

AN = /ethnol /psychol permitted

MS = Sexual intercourse between persons so closely related that they are forbidden by law to marry.

UI = D007179

 

Incidence

AN = IM GEN only; coord NIM with disease /epidemiol (IM); no qualif; total number of new cases: do not confuse with PREVALENCE, total number of new & old cases; read MeSH definitions; specify geog if pertinent

MS = The number of new cases of a given disease during a given period in a specified population. It also is used for the rate at which new events occur in a defined population. It is differentiated from PREVALENCE, which refers to all cases, new or old, in the population at a given time.

UI = D015994

 

Incineration

AN = restrict to waste disposal

MS = High temperature destruction of waste by burning with subsequent reduction to ashes or conversion to an inert mass.

UI = D017745

 

Incisor

AN = one of the 8 front teeth; NIM when merely locational; "incisive papilla", a projection on the palate posterior to the central incisors: index under PALATE & do not add INCISOR

MS = Any of the eight frontal teeth (four maxillary and four mandibular) having a sharp incisal edge for cutting food and a single root, which occurs in man both as a deciduous and a permanent tooth. (Jablonski, Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992, p820)

UI = D007180

 

Inclusion Bodies

AN = A 11 qualif except /cytol; /genet permitted; for bacteria, coord IM with specific bacterium (IM); for viruses, INCLUSION BODIES, VIRAL is available: see note there

MS = A generic term for any circumscribed mass of foreign (e.g., lead or viruses) or metabolically inactive materials (e.g., ceroid or Mallory bodies), within the cytoplasm or nucleus of a cell. Inclusion bodies are in cells infected with certain filtrable viruses, observed especially in nerve, epithelial, or endothelial cells. (Stedman, 25th ed)

UI = D002479

 

Inclusion Bodies, Viral

AN = A11 qualif except /cytol; /genet permitted; coord IM with specific virus (IM)

MS = An area showing altered staining behavior in the nucleus or cytoplasm of a virus-infected cell. Some inclusion bodies represent "virus factories" in which viral nucleic acid or protein is being synthesized; others are merely artifacts of fixation and staining. One example, Negri bodies, are found in the cytoplasm or processes of nerve cells in animals that have died from rabies.

UI = D007181

 

Income

AN = includes income from salaries, annuities, stocks, etc.; does not include fees charged by a professional ( = FEES AND CHARGES) CATALOG: /geog /form

MS = Revenues or receipts accruing from business enterprise, labor, or invested capital.

UI = D007182

 

Income Tax

AN = IM; specify geog CATALOG: /geog /form

MS = Tax on the net income of an individual, organization, or business.

UI = D007183

 

Incontinence Pads

AN = restrict to adults; for infants use DIAPERS, INFANT see INFANT CARE

MS = Absorbent pads made of various materials used for personal hygiene usually in urinary incontinence and usually in the elderly. They may be worn as underpants or as pants liners. They are made of absorbent materials such as fluff wood pulp and hydrogel absorbent with viscose rayon, polyester, polypropylene, or polyethylene coverstock.

UI = D016496

 

Incontinentia Pigmenti

AN = multiple skin & other abnorm; do not confuse with INCONTINENTIA PIGMENTI ACHROMIANS see PIGMENTATION DISORDERS CATALOG: do not use /in inf

MS = A genodermatosis occurring mostly in females and characterized by skin changes in three phases - vesiculobullous, verrucous papillomatous, and macular melanodermic. Hyperpigmentation is bizarre and irregular. Sixty percent of patients have abnormalities of eyes, teeth, central nervous system, and skin appendages.

UI = D007184

 

Incubators

AN = for eggs, microbial cultures, cell cultures, etc.; INCUBATORS, INFANT is also available

MS = Insulated enclosures in which temperature, humidity, and other environmental conditions can be regulated at levels optimal for growth, hatching, reproduction, or metabolic reactions.

UI = D007185

 

Incubators, Infant

MS = Apparatus for maintaining a premature infant in an environment of proper temperature and humidity. (Dorland, 27th ed)

UI = D007186

 

Incunabula

AN = before 1501; IM; no qualif

UI = D007187

 

Incus

AN = one of the 3 ear ossicles

MS = The middle of the three ossicles of the ear, which, with the STAPES and MALLEUS, serves to conduct vibrations from the tympanic membrane to the inner ear. (Dorland, 27th ed)

UI = D007188

 

Indans

UI = D007189

 

Indapamide

AN = a diuretic

MS = 4-Chloro-N-(2-methyl-1-indolinyl)-3-sulfamoylbenzamide. A sulfamyl diuretic with about 16x the effect of furosemide. It has also been shown to be an effective antihypertensive agent in the clinic.

UI = D007190

 

Indazoles

UI = D007191

 

Indenes

AN = aromatic hydrocarbons

MS = A family of fused-ring hydrocarbons isolated from coal tar that act as intermediates in various chemical reactions and are used in the production of coumarone-indene resins.

UI = D007192

 

Independent Practice Associations

AN = DF: IPA

MS = A partnership, corporation, association, or other legal entity that enters into an arrangement for the provision of services with persons who are licensed to practice medicine, osteopathy, and dentistry, and with other care personnel. Under an IPA arrangement, licensed professional persons provide services through the entity in accordance with a mutually accepted compensation arrangement, while retaining their private practices. Services under the IPA are marketed through a prepaid health plan. (From Facts on File Dictionary of Health Care Management, 1988)

UI = D007193

 

Independent State of Samoa

AN = a monarchy; do not confuse with SAMOA, the island group in Polynesia; AMERICAN SAMOA is also available

MS = An island group and constitutional monarchy in the southwest central Pacific Ocean. The capital is Apia. The islands were jointly administered by England, the United States, and Germany 1889-99, with the chief islands of Savai'i and Upolu recognized as German until 1919. Western Samoa gained independence in 1962 and assumed its present formal name in 1997.

UI = D014905

 

Indexes [Publication Type]

MS = Works providing an analytical subject approach to materials in a field of knowledge.

UI = D020481

 

India

AN = Indians are of CAUCASOID RACE unless otherwise specified

UI = D007194

 

Indian Ocean

AN = no qualif; includes X refs PERSIAN GULF & RED SEA but do not index Persian Gulf War here ( = WAR + MIDDLE EAST)

MS = A body of water covering approximately one-fifth of the total ocean area of the earth, extending amidst Africa in the west, Australia in the east, Asia in the north, and Antarctica in the south. Including the Red Sea and the Persian Gulf, it constitutes the third largest ocean after the ATLANTIC OCEAN and the PACIFIC OCEAN. (New Encyclopaedia Britannica Micropaedia, 15th ed, 1990, p289)

UI = D019156

 

Indian Ocean Islands

AN = in addition to indentions here, includes Maldives, Pemba & Cocos (Keeling) Islands

MS = Numerous islands in the Indian Ocean situated east of Madagascar, north to the Arabian Sea and east to Sri Lanka. Included are COMOROS (republic), MADAGASCAR (republic), Maldives (republic), MAURITIUS (parliamentary democracy), Pemba (administered by Tanzania), REUNION (a department of France), and SEYCHELLES (republic).

UI = D007195

 

Indiana

UI = D007196

 

Indians, Central American

AN = IM; specify geog locale if possible; as ethnic group: Manual 30.6.1-30.6.3; not for Indians of Mexico ( = INDIANS, NORTH AMERICAN + MEXICO) CATALOG: /geog /form

MS = An ethnic group belonging to the Mongoloid racial stock in Central America. This does not include Mexican Indians.

UI = D007197

 

Indians, North American

AN = IM; specify geog locale if possible; in titles capitalize both Native and American; as ethnic group: Manual 30.6.1-30.6.3 CATALOG: /geog /form

MS = An ethnic group belonging to the Mongoloid racial stock in North America.

UI = D007198

 

Indians, South American

AN = IM; specify geog locale if possible; as ethnic group: Manual 30.6.1-30.6.3 CATALOG: /geog /form

MS = An ethnic group belonging to the Mongoloid racial stock in South America.

UI = D007199

 

Indican

AN = a tryptophan metabolite; do not confuse with indican, a glycoside from plants yielding indigo (index under GLYCOSIDES)

MS = A substance occurring in the urine of mammals and also in blood plasma as the normal metabolite of tryptophan. An increased urinary excretion of indican is seen in Hartnup disease from the bacterial degradation of unabsorbed tryptophan.

UI = D007200

 

Indicator Dilution Techniques

AN = NIM; do not use /util except by MeSH definition; DYE DILUTION TECHNIQUE and RADIOISOTOPE DILUTION TECHNIQUE are also available CATALOG: do not use /laboratory manuals

MS = Methods for assessing flow through a system by injection of a known quantity of an indicator, such as a dye, radionuclide, or chilled liquid, into the system and monitoring its concentration over time at a specific point in the system. (From Dorland, 28th ed)

UI = D007201

 

Indicators and Reagents

AN = NIM; coord with specific substance (IM or NIM); D25-26 qualif except /diag use; REAGENT KITS, DIAGNOSTIC & REAGENT STRIPS are also available; DF: INDICATORS

MS = Substances used for the detection, identification, analysis, etc. of chemical, biological, or pathologic processes or conditions. Indicators are substances that change in physical appearance, e.g., color, at or approaching the endpoint of a chemical titration, e.g., on the passage between acidity and alkalinity. Reagents are substances used for the detection or determination of another substance by chemical or microscopical means, especially analysis. Types of reagents are precipitants, solvents, oxidizers, reducers, fluxes, and colorimetric reagents. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed, p301, p499)

UI = D007202

 

Indigo Carmine

AN = a dye; D25-26 qualif

MS = 3,3'-Dioxo-(delta-2,2'-biindoline)-5,5'-disulfonic acid disodium salt. An indolesulfonic acid that is used as a dye in renal function testing and as a reagent for the detection of nitrates and chlorates and in the testing of milk.

UI = D007203

 

Indinavir

AN = an HIV protease inhib

MS = A potent and specific HIV protease inhibitor that appears to have good oral bioavailability.

UI = D019469

 

Indium

AN = In-115; In-113 = INDIUM (IM) + ISOTOPES (NIM) but In-113m = INDIUM RADIOISOTOPES (IM); In-106-112, 114, 116-124 = INDIUM RADIOISOTOPES (IM)

MS = A metallic element, atomic number 49, atomic weight 114.82, symbol In. It is named from its blue line in the spectrum. (From Dorland, 28th ed)

UI = D007204

 

Indium Radioisotopes

AN = In-106-112, 113m, 114, 116-124; /blood-csf-urine /metab permitted but not for tracer studies ( = /diag use)

MS = Unstable isotopes of indium that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. In atoms with atomic weights 106-112, 113m, 114, and 116-124 are radioactive indium isotopes.

UI = D007205

 

Individuality

AN = no qualif

MS = Those psychological characteristics which differentiate individuals from one another.

UI = D007206

 

Individuation

AN = no qualif

MS = A process of differentiation having for its goal the development of the individual personality.

UI = D007207

 

Indocyanine Green

AN = D25-26 qualif

MS = A tricarbocyanine dye occurring as an olive-brown, dark green, dark blue, or black powder; used intravenously as a diagnostic aid in the determination of blood volume, cardiac output, and hepatic function. (Dorland, 28th ed)

UI = D007208

 

Indole-3-Glycerol-Phosphate Synthase

MS = An enzyme in the tryptophan biosynthetic pathway. EC 4.1.1.48.

UI = D007209

 

Indoleacetic Acids

AN = plant growth regulators

MS = Acetic acid derivatives of the heterocyclic compound indole. (Merck Index, 11th ed)

UI = D007210

 

Indoles

AN = includes isoindoles

UI = D007211

 

Indolizines

UI = D007212

 

Indomethacin

AN = a cyclooxygenase inhib & non-steroidal anti-inflamm agent

MS = A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent that is used in the treatment of osteoarthritis, acute gouty arthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, and ankylosing spondylitis. Due to its action as a prostaglandin synthase inhibitor, indomethacin has also been used to delay premature labor.

UI = D007213

 

Indonesia

AN = Indonesians are of MONGOLOID RACE unless otherwise specified

MS = A republic stretching from the Indian Ocean east to New Guinea, comprising six main islands: Java, Sumatra, Bali, Kalimantan (the Indonesian portion of the island of Borneo), Sulawesi (formerly known as the Celebes) and Irian Jaya (the western part of New Guinea). Its capital is Djakarta. The ethnic groups living there are largely Chinese, Arab, Eurasian, Indian, and Pakistani; 85% of the peoples are of the Islamic faith.

UI = D007214

 

Indophenol

UI = D007215

 

Indoprofen

AN = a cyclooxygenase inhib & carcinogen

MS = A drug that has analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties. Following reports of adverse reactions including reports of carcinogenicity in animal studies it was withdrawn from the market worldwide. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p21)

UI = D007216

 

Indoramin

MS = A hypotensive agent with some anti-arrhythmic effects.

UI = D007217

 

Industrial Microbiology

AN = SPEC: SPEC qualif; coord IM with specific bact, virus or fungus (IM) if pertinent; DF: INDUST MICROBIOL

MS = The study, utilization, and manipulation of those microorganisms capable of economically producing desirable substances or changes in substances, and the control of undesirable microorganisms.

UI = D007218

 

Industrial Oils

AN = coord IM with specific oil (IM or NIM) if pertinent; DF: INDUST OILS

MS = Oils which are used in industrial or commercial applications.

UI = D007219

 

Industrial Waste

AN = specify geog if pertinent; DF: INDUST WASTE CATALOG: /geog /form

MS = Worthless, damaged, defective, superfluous or effluent material from industrial operations. It represents an ecological problem and health hazard.

UI = D007220

 

Industry

AN = SPEC: SPEC qualif; relation to INDUSTRIAL MEDICINE see OCCUPATIONAL MEDICINE & OCCUPATIONAL DISEASES: Manual 31.2, 31.14; DF: INDUST

MS = The aggregate of manufacturing or technically productive enterprises in a particular field, often named after its principle product, as "the automobile industry", "the steel industry". It includes the ownership and management of companies, factories, industrial plants, etc. (From Random House Unabridged Dictionary, 2d ed)

UI = D007221

 

Inert Gas Narcosis

AN = pois from breathing inert gases; IM; specify gas (IM)

MS = Progressive mental disturbances and unconsciousness due to breathing mixtures of oxygen and inert gases (argon, helium, xenon, krypton, and atmospheric nitrogen) at high pressure.

UI = D007222

 

Infant

AN = age 1-23 mo; IM as psychol & sociol or social entity: Manual 18.5.11, 34.9.2; NIM as check tag: 18.5.7, 18.5.8; no qualif IM; psychol of the infant = INFANT PSYCHOLOGY see CHILD PSYCHOLOGY & check the tag INFANT

MS = A child between 1 and 23 months of age.

UI = D007223

 

Infant Behavior

AN = check also tag INFANT or INFANT, NEWBORN but see note there

MS = Any observable response or action of a neonate or infant up through the age of 23 months.

UI = D018730

 

Infant Care

AN = in home or institutions; care of newborn inf in hosp = INFANT CARE (IM) + INFANT, NEWBORN (IM) but consider also INTENSIVE CARE, NEONATAL; check the tag INFANT

MS = Care of infants in the home or institution.

UI = D007224

 

Infant Equipment

MS = Equipment and furniture used by infants and babies in the home, car, and play area.

UI = D015370

 

Infant Food

AN = check the tag INFANT

MS = Food processed and manufactured for the nutritional health of children in their first year of life.

UI = D007225

 

Infant Mortality

AN = a largely statist concept & not a substitute for /mortal with INFANT, NEWBORN, DISEASES or with specific dis in inf; specify geog; check the tag INFANT CATALOG: /geog /form

MS = Perinatal, neonatal, and infant deaths in a given population.

UI = D007226

 

Infant Nutrition

AN = from birth up to age 2; check the tag INFANT

MS = Nutrition of children from birth to 2 years of age.

UI = D007227

 

Infant Nutrition Disorders

AN = check the tag INFANT

MS = Malnutrition, occurring in infants ages 1 month to 24 months, which is due to insufficient intake of food, dietary nutrients, or a pathophysiologic condition which prevents the absorption and utilization of food. Growth and development are markedly affected.

UI = D007228

 

Infant, Very Low Birth Weight

AN = born weighing 1500 gms (3.3 lb) or less; qualif permitted as for INFANT, NEWBORN; check the tag INFANT, NEWBORN; DF: INFANT VLBW

MS = An infant having a birth weight of 1500 grams (3.3 lb.) or less. (From Dorland, 28th ed, p836)

UI = D019102

 

Infant Welfare

AN = specify geog if pertinent; check the tag INFANT CATALOG: /geog /form

MS = Organized efforts by communities or organizations to improve the health and well-being of the infant.

UI = D007229

 

Infant, Low Birth Weight

AN = born weighing 2500 gms (5.5 lbs) or less; qualif permitted as for INFANT, NEWBORN; check tag INFANT, NEWBORN; INFANT, VERY LOW BIRTH WEIGHT is also available; DF: INFANT LBW

MS = An infant having a birth weight of 2500 gm. (5.5 lb.) or less but INFANT, VERY LOW BIRTH WEIGHT is available for infants having a birth weight of 1500 grams (3.3 lb.) or less.

UI = D007230

 

Infant, Newborn

AN = from birth to 1 mo; IM; qualif permitted: /blood-csf-urine /growth /immunol /metab /physiol /psychol; also a check tag; as IM: Manual 18.5.9, 34.8, 34.9.1; specialty for only newborn inf = NEONATOLOGY, specialty for fetus & newborn inf = PERINATOLOGY CATALOG: form qualif permitted

MS = An infant during the first month after birth.

UI = D007231

 

Infant, Newborn, Diseases

AN = IM GEN only; for specific dis in newborn inf use specific dis (IM) + check tag INFANT, NEWBORN; do not use /compl /congen; check the tag INFANT, NEWBORN: Manual 18.5.10; relation to /congen: Manual 19.8.18, 23.21+; TN 109: relation to other Cat C16 terms CATALOG: for specific non-congenital dis in newborn inf use specific dis /in inf or /congen + INFANT, NEWBORN, DISEASES; form qualif permitted

MS = Diseases of newborn infants present at birth (congenital) or developing within the first month of birth. It does not include hereditary diseases not manifesting at birth or within the first 30 days of life nor does it include inborn errors of metabolism. Both HEREDITARY DISEASES and METABOLISM, INBORN ERRORS are available as general concepts.

UI = D007232

 

Infant, Postmature

AN = IM; born after 42 wks gestation: do not confuse with FETAL MACROSOMIA (fetus "weighing more than 4000 grams"); qualif permitted as for INFANT, NEWBORN; check the tag INFANT, NEWBORN

MS = An infant born at or after 42 weeks of gestation.

UI = D007233

 

Infant, Premature

AN = IM; born before 38 wks gestation; qualif permitted as for INFANT, NEWBORN; check the tag INFANT, NEWBORN

MS = An infant born before 38 weeks of gestation.

UI = D007234

 

Infant, Premature, Diseases

AN = IM; do not use /compl /congen & do not coord with INFANT, NEWBORN, DISEASES; check the tag INFANT, NEWBORN: Manual 23.21.4 CATALOG: do not use /in inf

UI = D007235

 

Infant, Small for Gestational Age

AN = born weighing less than expected for age; qualif permitted as for INFANT, NEWBORN; check the tag INFANT, NEWBORN; DF: INFANT SGA

MS = An infant having a birth weight lower than expected for its gestational age.

UI = D007236

 

Infanticide

AN = restrict to humans: do not use for the killing of young of other primates or other animals in scientific exper; do not use for killing of newborn or young animals by their parents ( = BEHAVIOR, ANIMAL)

MS = The killing of infants at birth or soon after.

UI = D007237

 

Infarction

AN = area necrotic from insufficient blood supply; GEN or unspecified; prefer specific see relateds; IM; coord with organ /blood supply (IM): Manual 23.14.2; DF: INFARCT

MS = The formation of an infarct, an area of coagulation necrosis in a tissue due to a local ischemia resulting from obstruction of circulation to the area, most commonly by a thrombus or embolus. (From Dorland, 27th ed)

UI = D007238

 

Infection

AN = GEN only as concept of dis caused by organisms; many texts saying "infection" & many saying "sepsis" mean BACTERIAL INFECTIONS: check text but note that SEPSIS is available; "infectious disease" can be INFECTION but is more likely COMMUNICABLE DISEASES; policy: Manual 22.12-.19, 23.12+; relation to organisms: Manual 22.11-.19 & TN 209; /drug ther: consider also ANTI-INFECTIVE AGENTS & its specific groups; /prev = INFECTION CONTROL but see note there

MS = Invasion and multiplication of microorganisms in body tissues, which may be clinically inapparent or result in local cellular injury. A local infection may persist and spread by extension to become an acute, subacute, or chronic clinical infection or disease state. It may also become systemic when the microorganisms gain access to the lymphatic or vascular system. (From Dorland, 27th ed)

UI = D007239

 

Infection Control

AN = differentiate from COMMUNICABLE DISEASE CONTROL which tends to be on a large geog, demog or social level (e.g., city, underprivileged, elementary school, prison) while INFECTION CONTROL tends to be restricted within hosp or other health care facilities; if in doubt, use term of author; DF: INFECT CONTROL CATALOG: /geog /form

MS = Programs of disease surveillance, generally within health care facilities, designed to investigate, prevent, and control the spread of infections and their causative microorganisms.

UI = D017053

 

Infection Control, Dental

AN = prev of infect in dent health facilities, not prev of tooth infect in mouth; DF: INFECT CONTROL DENT

MS = Efforts to prevent and control the spread of infections within dental health facilities or those involving provision of dental care.

UI = D019552

 

Infection Control Practitioners

AN = DF: INFECT CONTROL PRACTITIONERS

MS = Physicians or other qualified individuals responsible for implementing and overseeing the policies and procedures followed by a health care facility to reduce the risk of infection to patients and staff.

UI = D016357

 

Infectious Bronchitis Virus, Avian

AN = a species of Coronavirus; infection: coord IM with CORONAVIRUS INFECTIONS (IM); DF: AVIAN INFECT BRONCHITIS VIRUS

MS = A species of CORONAVIRUS causing infections in chickens and possibly pheasants. Chicks up to 4 weeks old are the most severely affected.

UI = D001351

 

Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis

AN = caused by a herpesvirus; don't forget also CATTLE (NIM) & check tag ANIMAL; DF: INFECT BOVINE RHINOTRACHEITIS

MS = A herpesvirus infection of cattle characterized by inflammation and necrosis of the mucous membranes of the upper respiratory tract.

UI = D007241

 

Infectious Bursal Disease Virus

AN = a species of Avibirnavirus; affects mostly chickens; infection: coord IM with BIRNAVIRIDAE INFECTIONS (IM); DF: note short cross ref

MS = A species of AVIBIRNAVIRUS causing severe inflammation of the bursa of Fabricius in chickens and other fowl. Transmission is thought to be through contaminated feed or water. Vaccines have been used with varying degrees of success.

UI = D007243

 

Infectious Mononucleosis

AN = caused by Epstein-Barr virus

MS = A common, acute, usually self-limited infectious disease caused by the Epstein-Barr virus (HERPESVIRUS 4, HUMAN), characterized by fever, membranous pharyngitis, lymph node and splenic enlargement, lymphocyte proliferation, and the presence of atypical lymphocytes, and giving rise to various immune reactions, including the development of a transient heterophile and a persistent Epstein-Barr virus antibody response. Potential complications include hepatitis and encephalomeningitis. It affects primarily adolescents and young adults, being spread by saliva transfer and possibly other modes; in children the infection is largely subclinical. (Dorland, 27th ed)

UI = D007244

 

Infectious Pancreatic Necrosis Virus

AN = a species of Aquabirnavirus; affects fish & other fresh & sea water animals: see MeSH definition; infection: coord IM with BIRNAVIRIDAE INFECTIONS (IM); DF: note short X ref

MS = The type species of AQUABIRNAVIRUS, causing infectious pancreatic necrosis in salmonid fish and other freshwater and marine animals including mollusks.

UI = D018061

 

Infectious Peritonitis Virus, Feline

AN = a species of Coronavirus; infection = FELINE INFECTIOUS PERITONITIS; DF: note short X ref

MS = A species of CORONAVIRUS infecting cats of all ages and commonly found in catteries and zoos. Cats are often found carrying the virus but only a small proportion develop disease.

UI = D016765

 

Inferior Colliculus

UI = D007245

 

Infertility

AN = GEN or unspecified as male or female; prefer the specifics

MS = The inability to conceive or produce offspring.

UI = D007246

 

Infertility, Female

AN = /chem ind permitted but not for testing of contraceptives

MS = Inability of a woman to achieve conception.

UI = D007247

 

Infertility, Male

AN = /chem ind permitted but not for testing of contraceptives

MS = Inability of the male to effect conception.

UI = D007248

 

Inflammation

AN = IM general inflammatory process; look for specific inflamm dis in MeSH as -ITIS; NIM as coord for organ /dis not in MeSH as -ITIS; /drug ther: consider also ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AGENTS & its specifics; ACUTE PHASE REACTION (an early local inflammatory reaction to inj: see MeSH definition) is available; Manual 23.13+; DF: INFLAMM

MS = A localized protective response elicited by injury or destruction of tissues, which serves to destroy, dilute, or wall off both the injurious agent and the injured tissue. It is characterized in the acute form by the classical signs of pain, heat, redness, swelling, and loss of function. Histologically it involves a complex series of events, including dilatation of arterioles, capillaries, and venules, with increased permeability and blood flow; exudation of fluids, including plasma proteins; and leukocyte migration into the inflammatory focus. (From Dorland, 27th ed)

UI = D007249

 

Inflammation Mediators

AN = endogenous & exogenous mediators; do not confuse with ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AGENTS which are exogenous & counteract or treat inflamm; DF: INFLAMM MEDIATORS

MS = The endogenous compounds that mediate inflammation (AUTACOIDS) and related exogenous compounds including the synthetic prostaglandins (PROSTAGLANDINS, SYNTHETIC).

UI = D018836

 

Inflammatory Bowel Diseases

AN = "chronic non-specific disord of unknown etiol"; CROHN DISEASE & COLITIS, ULCERATIVE are also available; DF: INFLAMM BOWEL DIS

MS = Chronic, non-specific disorders of unknown etiology. Includes Crohn disease and ulcerative colitis. Extracolonic manifestations are often associated with Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) and involve the liver, joints and skin.

UI = D015212

 

Inflation, Economic

AN = specify geog if pertinent CATALOG: /geog /form

MS = An increase in the volume of money and credit relative to available goods resulting in a substantial and continuing rise in the general price level.

UI = D007250

 

Influenza

AN = caused by an orthomyxovirus; coord IM with specific orthomyxovirus (IM)

MS = An acute viral infection involving the respiratory tract. It is marked by inflammation of the nasal mucosa, the pharynx, and conjunctiva, and by headache and severe, often generalized, myalgia.

UI = D007251

 

Influenza A Virus, Avian

AN = a strain of influenza A virus; infection = FOWL PLAGUE (IM) but see note there; DF: note short X ref

MS = Strains of INFLUENZA A VIRUS causing influenza in birds. Transmission is caused by close contact or is waterborne in aquatic species.

UI = D009977

 

Influenza A Virus, Human

AN = a strain of influenza A virus; infection: coord IM with INFLUENZA (IM)

MS = Strains of INFLUENZA A VIRUS causing influenza and sometimes pneumonia in humans. Transmission is by aerosol.

UI = D009978

 

Influenza A Virus, Porcine

AN = a strain of influenza A virus; infection: coord IM with ORTHOMYXOVIRIDAE INFECTIONS (IM) or with INFLUENZA (IM)

MS = Strains of INFLUENZA A VIRUS causing influenza and pneumonia in domestic pigs.

UI = D009979

 

Influenza A Virus

AN = a species of the genus Influenzavirus A, B; infection: coord IM with ORTHOMYXOVIRIDAE INFECTIONS (IM) or with INFLUENZA (IM)

MS = The type species of the genus INFLUENZAVIRUS A, B that causes influenza and other diseases in humans and animals. Antigenic variation occurs frequently between strains, allowing classification into subtypes and variants. Transmission is by aerosol (human and most non-aquatic hosts) or waterborne (ducks).

UI = D009980

 

Influenza B Virus

AN = a species of the genus Influenzavirus A, B; infection: coord IM with ORTHOMYXOVIRIDAE INFECTIONS (IM) or with INFLUENZA (IM)

MS = Species of the genus INFLUENZAVIRUS A, B that cause influenza and other diseases in humans only. Antigenic variation is less extensive than in type A viruses (INFLUENZA A VIRUS) and consequently there is no basis for distinct subtypes or variants. Epidemics are less likely than with type A and there have been no pandemics.

UI = D009981

 

Influenzavirus A, B

AN = a genus of the family Orthomyxoviridae; infection: coord IM with ORTHOMYXOVIRIDAE INFECTIONS (IM) or with INFLUENZA (IM)

MS = A genus of ORTHOMYXOVIRIDAE containing two major species (INFLUENZA A VIRUS and INFLUENZA B VIRUS) but many strains. A distinguishing feature is the various combinations of subtypes of the integral membrane glycoproteins hemagglutinin and neuraminidase. Hosts include several species of mammals and birds, with some interspecies transmission likely. The type species is influenza A virus.

UI = D019236

 

Influenzavirus C

AN = a genus of the family Orthomyxoviridae; infection: coord IM with ORTHOMYXOVIRIDAE INFECTIONS (IM) or with INFLUENZA (IM)

MS = A genus of the family ORTHOMYXOVIRIDAE comprising viruses similar to types A and B but less common, more stable, more homogeneous, and lacking the neuraminidase protein. They have not been associated with epidemics but may cause mild influenza. Influenza C virus is the type species.

UI = D009982

 

Influenza Vaccine

AN = coord IM with specific orthomyxovirus or orthomyxovirus infection (IM or NIM) if pertinent; not for Haemophilus influenzae vaccine ( = HAEMOPHILUS VACCINES)

MS = A killed virus vaccine. Both whole virion and subvirion vaccines are available. The composition of the vaccine is changed each year in response to antigenic shifts and changes in prevalence of influenza virus strains. The vaccine is usually bivalent or trivalent, containing one or two influenza virus A strains and one influenza virus B strain. Annual immunization before November is recommended for high-risk individuals (persons over 65 years of age and persons with chronic disease). (Dorland, 28th ed)

UI = D007252

 

Information Centers

AN = med inform cent: do not coord with MEDICINE CATALOG: /geog /form

MS = Facilities for collecting and organizing information. They may be specialized by subject field, type of source material, persons served, location, or type of services.

UI = D007253

 

Information Management

AN = management of acquis, organiz, storage & retrieval of information; SPEC qualif

MS = Management of the acquisition, organization, storage, retrieval, and dissemination of information. (From Thesaurus of ERIC Descriptors, 1994)

UI = D019451

 

Information Science

AN = SPEC: SPEC qualif

MS = The field of knowledge, theory, and technology dealing with the collection of facts and figures, and the processes and methods involved in their manipulation, storage, dissemination, publication, and retrieval. It includes the fields of COMMUNICATION, PUBLISHING, LIBRARY SCIENCE and informatics.

UI = D007254

 

Information Services

AN = med inform serv: do not coord with MEDICINE; DRUG INFORMATION SERVICES is available; DF: INFORMATION SERV CATALOG: /geog /form

MS = Organized services to provide information on any questions an individual might have using databases and other sources. (From Random House Unabridged Dictionary, 2d ed)

UI = D007255

 

Information Storage and Retrieval

AN = DF: INFORMATION STORAGE

MS = A branch of computer or library science relating to the storage, locating, searching, and selecting, upon demand, relevant data on a given subject.

UI = D016247

 

Information Systems

AN = for automated systems do not coord with AUTOMATIC DATA PROCESSING; for medical information systems do not coord with MEDICINE

MS = Integrated set of files, procedures, and equipment for the storage, manipulation, and retrieval of information.

UI = D007256

 

Information Theory

MS = An interdisciplinary study dealing with the transmission of messages or signals, or the communication of information. Information theory does not directly deal with meaning or content, but with physical representations that have meaning or content. It overlaps considerably with communication theory and CYBERNETICS.

UI = D007257

 

Informed Consent

AN = competency to consent: coord IM with MENTAL COMPETENCY (IM)

MS = Voluntary authorization, given to the physician by the patient, with full comprehension of the risks involved, for diagnostic or investigative procedures and medical and surgical treatment.

UI = D007258

 

Infrared Rays

AN = non-ionizing; radiation policy: Manual 28.11+; black light goes here or under ULTRAVIOLET RAYS depending on text but unspecified index under ULTRAVIOLET RAYS

MS = That portion of the electromagnetic spectrum usually sensed as heat. Infrared wavelengths are longer than those of visible light, extending into the microwave frequencies. They are used therapeutically as heat, and also to warm food in restaurants.

UI = D007259

 

Infratentorial Neoplasms

AN = /blood supply /chem /second /secret /ultrastruct permitted; coord IM with histol type of neopl (IM)

MS = Intracranial tumors originating in the infratentorial region and occurring in both children and adults. Histological diagnoses include teratoma, medulloblastoma, glioblastoma, astrocytoma, ependymoma, craniopharyngioma, choroid plexus papilloma, and undetermined types. Therapeutic treatments include tumor resection, ventriculoperitoneal shunt, subdural peritoneal shunt, ventricular drainage, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy.

UI = D015192

 

Infusion Pumps

AN = /psychol permitted; coord IM with drug /admin (IM); INFUSION PUMPS, IMPLANTABLE is also available

MS = Fluid propulsion systems driven mechanically, electrically, or osmotically that are used to inject (or infuse) over time agents into a patient or experimental animal; used routinely in hospitals to maintain a patent intravenous line, to administer antineoplastic agents and other drugs in thromboembolism, heart disease, diabetes mellitus (INSULIN INFUSION SYSTEMS is also available), and other disorders.

UI = D007260

 

Infusion Pumps, Implantable

MS = Implanted fluid propulsion systems with self-contained power source for providing long-term controlled-rate delivery of drugs such as chemotherapeutic agents or analgesics. Delivery rate may be externally controlled or osmotically or peristaltically controlled with the aid of transcutaneous monitoring.

UI = D015918

 

Infusions, Intra-Arterial

AN = do not confuse with PERFUSION, REGIONAL (though both are used in cancer ther) or with INJECTIONS, INTRA-ARTERIAL; do not use /util except by MeSH definition

MS = Regional infusion of drugs via an arterial catheter. Often a pump is used to impel the drug through the catheter. Used in therapy of cancer, upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage, infection, and peripheral vascular disease.

UI = D007261

 

Infusions, Intraosseous

AN = admin of drugs or fluids via needle directly into bone marrow; do not use /util except by MeSH definition

MS = The adminstration of medication or fluid through a needle directly into the bone marrow. The technique is especially useful in the management of pediatric emergencies when intravenous access to the systemic circulation is difficult.

UI = D017148

 

Infusions, Intravenous

AN = NIM; do not use /util except by MeSH definition; do not confuse with INJECTIONS, INTRAVENOUS

MS = The long-term (minutes to hours) administration of a fluid into the vein through venipuncture, either by letting the fluid flow by gravity or by pumping it.

UI = D007262

 

Infusions, Parenteral

AN = restrict to method of admin of drugs & chemicals; not for replacement of fluids ( = FLUID THERAPY) nor for nourishment ( = PARENTERAL FEEDING); GEN or unspecified; prefer specifics; do not use /util except by MeSH definition

MS = The administration of liquid medication, nutrient, or other fluid through some other route than the alimentary canal, usually over minutes or hours, either by gravity flow or often by infusion pumping.

UI = D007263

 

Inguinal Canal

AN = internal canal only: do not confuse with GROIN, external only

UI = D007264

 

Inhalation Exposure

AN = may or may not result in a disease; coord IM with specific inhalant (IM)

MS = The exposure to potentially harmful chemical, physical, or biological agents by inhaling them.

UI = D019570

 

Inhibin

AN = a glycoprotein sex hormone; /biosyn /physiol permitted

MS = Glyceroprotein hormone produced in the seminiferous tubules by the Sertoli cells in the male and by the granulosa cells in the female follicles. The hormone inhibits FSH and LH synthesis and secretion by the pituitary cells thereby affecting sexual maturation and fertility.

UI = D007265

 

Inhibition (Psychology)

AN = human & animal; no qualif; DF: INHIBITION

MS = The interference with or prevention of a behavioral or verbal response even though the stimulus for that response is present; in psychoanalysis the unconscious restraining of an instinctual process.

UI = D007266

 

Inhibitory Concentration 50

AN = do not confuse with LETHAL DOSE 50, determined in animals

MS = The concentration of a compound needed to reduce population growth of organisms, including eukaryotic cells, by 50% in vitro. Though often expressed to denote in vitro antibacterial activity, it is also used as a benchmark for cytotoxicity to eukaryotic cells in culture.

UI = D020128

 

Injections

AN = GEN or unspecified; prefer specifics; NIM; do not use /util except by MeSH definition; periodontal ligament injection (PDLI) = PERIODONTAL LIGAMENT (IM) + ANESTHESIA, DENTAL (IM); Manual 26.25; DF: INJECT

UI = D007267

 

Injections, Epidural

AN = NIM; do not use /util except by MeSH definition; DF: INJECT EPIDURAL

MS = The injection of drugs, most often analgesics, into the spinal canal without puncturing the dura mater.

UI = D007268

 

Injections, Intra-Arterial

AN = NIM; do not use /util except by MeSH definition; do not confuse with INFUSIONS, INTRA-ARTERIAL; DF: INJECT INTRA ARTERIAL

UI = D007269

 

Injections, Intra-Articular

AN = NIM; do not use /util except by MeSH definition; INJECT INTRA ARTICULAR

UI = D007270

 

Injections, Intradermal

AN = NIM; do not use /util except by MeSH definition; DF: INJECT INTRADERMAL

MS = The forcing into the skin of liquid medication, nutrient, or other fluid through a hollow needle, piercing the top skin layer.

UI = D007271

 

Injections, Intralesional

AN = must be "directly into localized lesions"; NIM; do not use /util except by MeSH definition; DF: INJECT INTRALESIONAL

MS = Injections introduced directly into localized lesions.

UI = D015552

 

Injections, Intralymphatic

AN = NIM; do not use /util except by MeSH definition; X ref INJECTIONS, ENDOLYMPHATIC is seen mostly in foreign lit: nothing to do with ENDOLYMPH; DF: INJECT INTRALYMPHATIC

MS = Injections into the lymph nodes or the lymphatic system.

UI = D007272

 

Injections, Intramuscular

AN = NIM; do not use /util except by MeSH definition; DF: INJECT INTRAMUSCULAR

MS = Forceful administration into a muscle of liquid medication, nutrient, or other fluid through a hollow needle piercing the muscle and any tissue covering it.

UI = D007273

 

Injections, Intraperitoneal

AN = NIM; do not use /util except by MeSH definition; DF: INJECT INTRAPERITONEAL

MS = Forceful administration into the peritoneal cavity of liquid medication, nutrient, or other fluid through a hollow needle piercing the abdominal wall.

UI = D007274

 

Injections, Intravenous

AN = NIM; do not use /util except by MeSH definition; do not confuse with INFUSIONS, INTRAVENOUS ( = "long-term (minutes to hours) admin"); DF: INJECT INTRAVENOUS

MS = Injections made into a vein for therapeutic or experimental purposes.

UI = D007275

 

Injections, Intraventricular

AN = brain, not heart; NIM; do not use /util except by MeSH definition; DF: INJECT INTRAVENTRICULAR

MS = Injections into the cerebral ventricles.

UI = D007276

 

Injections, Jet

AN = NIM; do not use /util except by MeSH definition; DF: INJECT JET

MS = The injection of solutions into the skin by compressed air devices so that only the solution pierces the skin.

UI = D007277

 

Injections, Spinal

AN = NIM; do not use /util except by MeSH definition; DF: INJECT SPINAL

UI = D007278

 

Injections, Subcutaneous

AN = NIM; do not use /util except by MeSH definition; DF: INJECT SUBCUTANEOUS

MS = Forceful administration under the skin of liquid medication, nutrient, or other fluid through a hollow needle piercing the skin.

UI = D007279

 

Injuries, Poisonings, and Occupational Diseases

AN = not used for indexing CATALOG: do not use

MS = Disorders representing collectively the results of assault by external forces, rather than by organic or physiologic dysfunction or by pathogens.

UI = D007280

 

Injury Severity Score

AN = no qualif

MS = An anatomic severity scale based on the Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS) and developed specifically to score multiple traumatic injuries. It has been used as a predictor of mortality.

UI = D015601

 

Ink

AN = no qualif

UI = D007281

 

Ink Blot Tests

MS = Projective tests utilizing ink blots to which a subject responds. They are used in personality diagnosis.

UI = D007282

 

Inlay Casting Wax

AN = a dent impression material; D25-26 qualif

MS = A mixture of several dental waxes, usually containing paraffin wax, ceresin, beeswax, resins, and other natural and synthetic waxes. It is used for making patterns to determine the shape of the metallic framework and other parts of removable partial dentures. (From Jablonski's Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992, p868)

UI = D007283

 

Inlays

AN = coord IM with specific tooth (IM) if pertinent + specific material (IM)

MS = Restorations of metal, porcelain, or plastic made to fit a cavity preparation, then cemented into the tooth. Onlays are restorations which fit into cavity preparations and overlay the occlusal surface of a tooth or teeth. Onlays are retained by frictional or mechanical factors.

UI = D007284

 

Inorganic Chemicals

AN = GEN or unspecified; prefer specific groups or specific chemicals

MS = A broad class of substances encompassing all those that do not include carbon and its derivatives as their principal elements. However, carbides, carbonates, cyanides, cyanates, and carbon disulfide are included in this class.

UI = D007287

 

Inosine

AN = /biosyn /physiol permitted

UI = D007288

 

Inosine Diphosphate

AN = /biosyn /physiol permitted

MS = Inosine 5'-(trihydrogen diphosphate). An inosine nucleotide containing two phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety. Synonyms: IRPP; inosine pyrophosphate.

UI = D007290

 

Inosine Monophosphate

AN = /biosyn /physiol permitted

MS = Inosine 5'-Monophosphate. A purine nucleotide which has hypoxanthine as the base and one phosphate group esterified to the sugar moiety.

UI = D007291

 

Inosine Nucleotides

AN = /biosyn /physiol permitted

UI = D007292

 

Inosine Triphosphate

AN = /biosyn /physiol permitted

MS = Inosine 5'-(tetrahydrogen triphosphate). An inosine nucleotide containing three phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety. Synonym: IRPPP.

UI = D007293

 

Inositol

AN = a B vitamin & lipotropic factor

MS = An isomer of glucose that has traditionally been considered to be a B vitamin although it has an uncertain status as a vitamin and a deficiency syndrome has not been identified in man. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1379) Inositol phospholipids are important in signal transduction.

UI = D007294

 

Inositol Phosphates

MS = Phosphoric acid esters of inositol. They include mono- and polyphosphoric acid esters, with the exception of inositol hexaphosphate which is PHYTIC ACID.

UI = D007295

 

Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate

MS = Intracellular messenger formed by the action of phospholipase C on phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate, which is one of the phospholipids that make up the cell membrane. Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate is released into the cytoplasm where it releases calcium ions from internal stores within the cell's endoplasmic reticulum. These calcium ions stimulate the activity of B kinase or calmodulin.

UI = D015544

 

Inoviridae

AN = a family of bacteriophages

MS = A family of rod-shaped or filamentous bacteriophages consisting of single-stranded DNA. There are two genera: INOVIRUS and PLECTROVIRUS.

UI = D017911

 

Inovirus

AN = a bacteriophage genus of the family Inoviridae

MS = A genus of filamentous bacteriophages of the family INOVIRIDAE. Organisms of this genus infect enterobacteria, Pseudomonas, Vibrio, and Xanthomonas.

UI = D017912

 

Inpatients

AN = inpatients as people or as a social, sociol, psychol, etc., group; do not confuse with HOSPITALIZATION

MS = Persons admitted to health facilities which provide board and room, for the purpose of observation, care, diagnosis or treatment.

UI = D007297

 

Insanity Defense

MS = A legal concept that a person cannot be convicted of a crime if he lacked criminal responsibility by reason of insanity, which term is defined as a matter of law.

UI = D007298

 

Insect Bites and Stings

AN = coord IM with specific insect (IM); DF: INSECT BITES

MS = Bites and stings inflicted by insects.

UI = D007299

 

Insect Control

AN = for sexual sterilization of insects, coord specific insect (IM) + PEST CONTROL, BIOLOGICAL (IM) but not also STERILIZATION, SEXUAL (see note there) & not also INSECT CONTROL

MS = The reduction or regulation of the population of noxious, destructive, or dangerous insects through chemical, biological, or other means.

UI = D007300

 

Insect Hormones

AN = coord IM with specific insect (IM)

MS = Hormones secreted by insects. They influence their growth and development. Also synthetic substances that act like insect hormones.

UI = D007301

 

Insect Proteins

AN = /drug eff /ultrastruct permitted; /physiol permitted for function within the insect; coord IM with specific protein (IM) + specific insect (IM)

MS = Proteins found in any species of insect.

UI = D019476

 

Insect Repellents

AN = specify insect if pertinent

MS = Substances causing insects to turn away from them or reject them as food.

UI = D007302

 

Insect Vectors

AN = coord IM with specific insect (IM); specify both infecting organism & vector if pertinent; in the trypanosome-tsetse fly-cow relationship, the fly (not the cow) is the insect vector

MS = Insects that transmit infective organisms from one host to another or from an inanimate reservoir to an animate host.

UI = D007303

 

Insect Viruses

AN = IM; coord with specific insect /virol (IM)

MS = Viruses infecting insects, the largest family being BACULOVIRIDAE.

UI = D007304

 

Insecticide Resistance

AN = IM when general; NIM when with specific insecticide (IM) & specific insect (IM)

MS = The development by insects of resistance to insecticides.

UI = D007305

 

Insecticides

AN = GEN or unspecified; prefer specific groups or specific insecticides; TN 111 for eff on insects; use for killing or control of ticks even though ticks are not insects

MS = Pesticides designed to control insects that are harmful to man. The insects may be directly harmful, as those acting as disease vectors, or indirectly harmful, as destroyers of crops, food products, or textile fabrics.

UI = D007306

 

Insecticides, Botanical

AN = insecticides derived from plants, not "effective on plant insects"; TN 111 for eff on insects

MS = Insecticides derived from plant materials.

UI = D007307

 

Insecticides, Carbamate

AN = TN 111 for eff on insects

MS = Insecticides, which owe their activity to the carbamate moiety in the molecule.

UI = D007308

 

Insecticides, Organochlorine

AN = TN 111 for eff on insects

MS = A class of insecticides composed of chlorinated organic compounds.

UI = D007309

 

Insecticides, Organophosphate

AN = /antag: consider also CHOLINESTERASE REACTIVATORS; TN 111: eff on insects

MS = A class of insecticides composed of an organic radical bound to a phosphorus-containing radical.

UI = D007310

 

Insecticides, Organothiophosphate

AN = /antag: consider also CHOLINESTERASE REACTIVATORS; TN 111: eff on insects

MS = A class of insecticides composed of an organic radical bound to a thiophosphorus acid radical. One or more of the oxygen atoms of the phosphorus acid radical may be replaced by one or more sulfur atoms.

UI = D007311

 

Insectivora

AN = includes MOLES, SHREWS, HEDGEHOGS & tenrecs; do not confuse with ANTEATERS see XENARTHRA; IM; qualif permitted

UI = D007312

 

Insects

AN = GEN: prefer specifics; /microbiol /parasitol /virol permitted; /drug eff: TN 111 CATALOG: form qualif permitted

MS = Insects are a class, Insecta, of Arthropoda whose members are characterized by division into three parts: head, thorax, and abdomen. They are the dominant group of animals on earth, several hundred thousand different kinds having been described. They have lived on earth for about 350 million years, as compared with less than 2 million for man. While insects are often commercially valuable and useful as scavengers, many species are harmful, causing enormous losses in agriculture and storage. Three orders, HEMIPTERA, DIPTERA, and Siphonaptera, are of medical interest in that they cause disease in man and animal. (From Dorland, 27th ed; Borror et al., An Introduction to the Study of Insects, 4th ed, p1)

UI = D007313

 

Insemination

UI = D007314

 

Insemination, Artificial

AN = GEN or unspecified; prefer specifics

MS = Artificial introduction of semen into the vagina for the purpose of inducing conception.

UI = D007315

 

Insemination, Artificial, Heterologous

AN = human only: semen other than husband's; DF: INSEMINATION ARTIFICIAL HETEROL

MS = Human artificial insemination in which the semen used is that of a man other than the woman's husband.

UI = D007316

 

Insemination, Artificial, Homologous

AN = human only; use of husband's semen; DF: INSEMINATION ARTIFICIAL HOMOL

MS = Human artificial insemination in which the husband's semen is used.

UI = D007317

 

Inservice Training

AN = DF: INSERV TRAINING

MS = On the job training programs for personnel carried out within an institution or agency. It includes orientation programs.

UI = D007318

 

Insomnia

AN = inability to fall asleep or sleep: do not confuse with SLEEP DEPRIVATION, being deprived of sleep or prevented from sleeping; usually chronic so do not coord with CHRONIC DISEASE

MS = Prolonged or abnormal sleeplessness.

UI = D007319

 

Inspiratory Capacity

AN = NIM; in texts as IC; DF: INSPIRATORY CAPAC

MS = The maximum volume of air that can be inspired after reaching the end of a normal, quiet expiration. It is the sum of the tidal volume and the inspiratory reserve volume. Common abbreviation is IC.

UI = D007320

 

Inspiratory Reserve Volume

AN = NIM; in texts as IRV

MS = The extra volume of air that can be inspired with maximal effort after reaching the end of a normal, quiet inspiration. Common abbreviation is IRV.

UI = D007321

 

Instillation, Drug

AN = NIM but only if discussed: do not index here routinely for every instilled drug; read MeSH definition; no qualif

MS = The administration of therapeutic agents drop by drop, as eye drops, ear drops, or nose drops. It is also administered into a body space or cavity through a catheter. It differs from irrigation in that the irrigate is removed within minutes, but the instillate is left in place.

UI = D007322

 

Instinct

AN = human & animal; no qualif

MS = Stereotyped patterns of response, characteristic of a given species, that have been phylogenetically adapted to a specific type of situation.

UI = D007323

 

Institute of Medicine (U.S.)

AN = add UNITED STATES (NIM); research support by this agency is checked as NON-US GOVT SUP; DF: IOM CATALOG: use NAF entry

MS = Identifies, for study and analysis, important issues and problems that relate to health and medicine. The Institute initiates and conducts studies of national policy and planning for health care and health-related education and research; it also responds to requests from the federal government and other agencies for studies and advice.

UI = D015969

 

Institutional Management Teams

AN = IM; toward integration of various institutional functions: do not confuse with PATIENT CARE TEAM (directed to personal care)

MS = Administrator-selected management groups who are responsible for making decisions pertaining to the provision of integrated direction for various institutional functions.

UI = D007324

 

Institutional Practice

MS = Professional practice as an employee or contractee of a health care institution.

UI = D007325

 

Institutionalization

AN = coord IM with type of institution (IM) if pertinent; institutionalization of mentally ill: consider also COMMITMENT OF MENTALLY ILL

MS = The caring for individuals in institutions and their adaptation to routines characteristic of the institutional environment, and/or their loss of adaptation to life outside the institution.

UI = D007326

 

Instruction [Publication Type]

AN = publication type only; retrict to instruction by motion pictures & video, not by lectures, classroom or printed matter

MS = Nonfiction films and video designed to teach, instruct, or train. (Moving Image Materials: Genre Terms, 1988)

UI = D019514

 

Insufflation

AN = for air & other gases, powders, etc., do not use /util except by MeSH definition; for specific insufflation procedures consider other terms under PNEUMO-

MS = The act of blowing a powder, vapor, or gas into any body cavity for experimental, diagnostic, or therapeutic purposes.

UI = D007327

 

Insulin

AN = a hormone secreted by pancreatic beta cells; also a hypoglycemic; /biosyn /physiol permitted; /admin: consider also INSULIN INFUSION SYSTEMS; /blood: consider also HYPERINSULINEMIA (excessively high blood insulin levels) but do not confuse with HYPERINSULINISM (excessive secretion of insulin by pancreas); /immunology: consider also INSULIN ANTIBODIES; /ther use: if by INSULIN INFUSION SYSTEMS use INSULIN INFUSION SYSTEMS & not also INSULIN /ther use; precursor = PROINSULIN

MS = A protein hormone secreted by beta cells of the pancreas. Insulin plays a major role in the regulation of glucose metabolism, generally promoting the cellular utilization of glucose. It is also an important regulator of protein and lipid metabolism. Insulin is used as a drug to control insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.

UI = D007328

 

Insulin Antagonists

AN = DF: INSULIN ANTAG

MS = Compounds which inhibit or antagonize the biosynthesis or action of insulin.

UI = D007329

 

Insulin Antibodies

UI = D007330

 

Insulin Coma

AN = caused by excess exogenous insulin

UI = D007331

 

Insulin Infusion Systems

AN = do not use /util except by MeSH definition; does not include conventional insulin injections ( = INSULIN /admin + specific injection term); permitted as IM coord with DIABETES MELLITUS & specifics instead of INSULIN /ther use; for implantable insulin infusion devices coord IM with INFUSION PUMPS, IMPLANTABLE (NIM); insulin patches do not go here: index INSULIN /admin (IM) + ADMINISTRATION, CUTANEOUS (NIM)

MS = Portable or implantable devices for infusion of insulin. Includes open-loop systems which may be patient-operated or controlled by a pre-set program and are designed for constant delivery of small quantities of insulin, increased during food ingestion, and closed-loop systems which deliver quantities of insulin automatically based on an electronic glucose sensor.

UI = D007332

 

Insulin Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinase

MS = A catalytic PROTEIN-TYROSINE KINASE domain found on the cytoplasmic beta-portion of the insulin receptor. EC 2.7.1.-.

UI = D017932

 

Insulin Resistance

AN = do not confuse X ref REAVEN SYNDROME X with SYNDROME X, a form of angina pectoris with normal coronary arteriogram

MS = Diminished effectiveness of insulin in lowering blood sugar levels; arbitrarily defined as requiring 200 units or more of insulin per day to prevent hyperglycemia or ketosis. It is usually due to insulin binding by antibodies, but abnormalities in insulin receptors on cell surfaces also occur. It is associated with obesity, ketoacidosis, infection, and certain rare conditions. (Stedman, 25th ed)

UI = D007333

 

Insulin-Like Growth Factor I

AN = a neurotransmitter somatomedin; /biosyn /physiol permitted; DF: note short X ref

MS = A well-characterized basic peptide believed to be secreted by the liver and to circulate in the blood. It has growth-regulating, insulin-like, and mitogenic activities. This growth factor has a major, but not absolute, dependence on SOMATOTROPIN. It is believed to be mainly active in adults in contrast to INSULIN-LIKE GROWTH FACTOR II, which is a major fetal growth factor.

UI = D007334

 

Insulin-Like Growth Factor II

AN = a neurotransmitter somatomedin; /biosyn /physiol permitted; DF: note short X ref

MS = A well-characterized neutral peptide believed to be secreted by the liver and to circulate in the blood. It has growth-regulating, insulin-like and mitogenic activities. The growth factor has a major, but not absolute, dependence on SOMATOTROPIN. It is believed to be a major fetal growth factor in contrast to INSULIN-LIKE GROWTH FACTOR I, which is a major growth factor in adults.

UI = D007335

 

Insulin-Like Growth-Factor-Binding Proteins

AN = GEN or unspecified; prefer specifics; /biosyn /drug eff /physiol /ultrastruct permitted; DF: note short X refs

MS = A family of soluble proteins that bind insulin-like growth factors and modulate their biological actions at the cellular level. (Int J Gynaecol Obstet 1992;39(1):3-9)

UI = D018969

 

Insulin-Like Growth-Factor Binding Protein 1

AN = /biosyn /drug eff /physiol /ultrastruct permitted; DF: note short X refs

MS = One of the six homologous proteins that specifically bind insulin-like growth factors (SOMATOMEDINS) and modulate their mitogenic and metabolic actions. The function of this protein is not completely defined. However, several studies demonstrate that it inhibits IGF binding to cell surface receptors and thereby inhibits IGF-mediated mitogenic and cell metabolic actions. (Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 1993;204(1):4-29)

UI = D018970

 

Insulin-Like Growth Factor-Binding Protein 2

AN = /biosyn /drug eff /physiol /ultrastruct permitted; DF: note short X refs

MS = One of the six homologous soluble proteins that bind insulin-like growth factors (SOMATOMEDINS) and modulate their mitogenic and metabolic actions at the cellular level.

UI = D018971

 

Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 3

AN = /biosyn /drug eff /physiol /ultrastruct permitted; DF: note short X refs

MS = One of the six homologous soluble proteins that bind insulin-like growth factors (SOMATOMEDINS) and modulate their mitogenic and metabolic actions at the cellular level.

UI = D018972

 

Insulin Like Growth-Factor-Binding Protein 4

AN = /biosyn /drug eff /physiol /ultrastruct permitted; DF: note short X refs

MS = One of the six homologous soluble proteins that bind insulin-like growth factors (SOMATOMEDINS) and modulate their mitogenic and metabolic actions at the cellular level.

UI = D018974

 

Insulin-Like Growth-Factor-Binding-Protein 5

AN = /biosyn /drug eff /physiol /ultrastruct permitted; DF: note short X refs

MS = One of the six homologous soluble proteins that bind insulin-like growth factors (SOMATOMEDINS) and modulate their mitogenic and metabolic actions at the cellular level.

UI = D018975

 

Insulin-Like-Growth-Factor-Binding Protein 6

AN = /biosyn /drug eff /physiol /ultrastruct permitted; DF: note short X refs

MS = One of the six homologous soluble proteins that bind insulin-like growth factors (SOMATOMEDINS) and modulate their mitogenic and metabolic actions at the cellular level.

UI = D018976

 

Insulin, Isophane

AN = a hypoglycemic

MS = An intermediate-acting insulin with an approximate time of onset of 2 hours and duration of action of 24 hours, consisting of bovine or pork insulin reacted with zinc chloride and protamine to form a protein complex with a ratio of free and bound insulin, providing action intermediate between regular insulin and protamine zinc insulin. (Dorland, 28th ed)

UI = D007336

 

Insulin, Lente

AN = a hypoglycemic

MS = Sterile suspension, in a buffered water medium, of insulin modified by the addition of zinc chloride in a manner such that the solid phase of the suspension conisists of a mixture of crystals and amorphous material in a ratio of approximately 7:3. (From The Merck Index, 11th ed, p4888)

UI = D007337

 

Insulin, Protamine Zinc

AN = a hypoglycemic

MS = A long-acting insulin with an approximate time of onset of 7 hours and duration of action 36 hours, consisting of bovine or pork insulin reacted with zinc chloride and protamine to form a protein complex from which insulin is slowly released. (Dorland, 28th ed)

UI = D007338

 

Insulysin

MS = An enzyme the catalyzes the degradation of insulin, glucagon and other polypeptides. It is inhibited by bacitracin, chelating agents EDTA and 1,10-phenanthroline, and by thiol-blocking reagents such as N-ethylmaleimide, but not phosphoramidon. (Eur J Biochem 1994;223:1-5) EC 3.4.24.56.

UI = D007339

 

Insulinoma

AN = /blood supply /chem /second /secret /ultrastruct permitted; coord IM with PANCREATIC NEOPLASMS (IM)

MS = A tumor of the beta cells of the islets of Langerhans. Although usually benign, such tumors are among the most important causes of hypoglycemia. Insulinomas usually occur in patients between the ages of 20 and 75 years, the average age being 44-46. Women are 60% of the patients in most series. (Dorland, 27th ed; DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles & Practice of Oncology, 3d ed, p1324)

UI = D007340

 

Insurance

AN = specify geog if possible CATALOG: /geog /form

MS = Coverage by contract whereby one part indemnifies or guarantees another against loss by a specified contingency.

UI = D007341

 

Insurance, Accident

AN = specify geog if possible CATALOG: /geog /form

MS = Insurance providing coverage for physical injury suffered as a result of unavoidable circumstances.

UI = D007346

 

Insurance Benefits

AN = coord IM with specific type of insurance (IM) + geog if pertinent

MS = Payments or services provided under stated circumstances under the terms of an insurance policy. In prepayment programs, benefits are the services the programs will provide at defined locations and to the extent needed.

UI = D007342

 

Insurance Carriers

AN = specify geog if possible CATALOG: /geog /form

MS = Organizations which assume the financial responsibility for the risks of policyholders.

UI = D007343

 

Insurance Claim Reporting

MS = The design, completion, and filing of forms with the insurer.

UI = D007344

 

Insurance Claim Review

MS = Review of claims by insurance companies to determine liability and amount of payment for various services. The review may also include determination of eligibility of the claimant or beneficiary or of the provider of the benefit; determination that the benefit is covered or not payable under another policy; or determination that the service was necessary and of reasonable cost and quality.

UI = D007345

 

Insurance Coverage

AN = coord IM with specific type of insurance (IM); not restricted to health insurance; specify geog if pertinent; UNIVERSAL COVERAGE (restricted to health insurance) is also available CATALOG: geog/form

MS = Generally refers to the amount of protection available and the kind of loss which would be paid for under an insurance contract with an insurer. (Slee & Slee, Health Care Terms, 2d ed)

UI = D019458

 

Insurance, Dental

AN = specify geog if possible; DF: INSURANCE DENT CATALOG: /geog /form

MS = Insurance providing coverage for dental care.

UI = D007347

 

Insurance, Disability

AN = IM; coord with specific disability if pertinent (IM); specific geog if possible CATALOG: /geog /form

MS = Insurance designed to compensate persons who lose wages because of illness or injury; insurance providing periodic payments that partially replace lost wages, salary, or other income when the insured is unable to work because of illness, injury, or disease. Individual and group disability insurance are two types of such coverage. (From Facts on File Dictionary of Health Care Management, 1988, p207)

UI = D018868

 

Insurance, Health

AN = specify geog if possible; CHAMPUS: index under HEALTH BENEFIT PLANS, EMPLOYEE CATALOG: /geog /form

MS = Insurance providing coverage of medical, surgical, or hospital care in general or for which there is no specific heading.

UI = D007348

 

Insurance, Health, Reimbursement

AN = specify geog if possible CATALOG: /geog /form

MS = Payment by a third-party payer in a sum equal to the amount expended by a health care provider or facility for health services rendered to an insured or program beneficiary. (From Facts on File Dictionary of Health Care Management, 1988)

UI = D007349

 

Insurance, Hospitalization

AN = specify geog if possible CATALOG: /geog /form

MS = Health insurance providing benefits to cover or partly cover hospital expenses.

UI = D007350

 

Insurance, Liability

AN = specify geog if possible CATALOG: /geog /form

MS = Insurance against loss resulting from liability for injury or damage to the persons or property of others.

UI = D007351

 

Insurance, Life

AN = specify geog if possible CATALOG: /geog /form

MS = Insurance providing for payment of a stipulated sum to a designated beneficiary upon death of the insured.

UI = D007352

 

Insurance, Long-Term Care

AN = specify geog if possible CATALOG: /geog /form

MS = Health insurance to provide full or partial coverage for long-term home care services or for long-term nursing care provided in a residential facility such as a nursing home.

UI = D007353

 

Insurance, Major Medical

AN = specify geog if possible; DF: INSURANCE MAJOR MED CATALOG: /geog /form

MS = Insurance providing a broad range of medical services and supplies, when prescribed by a physician, whether or not the patient is hospitalized. It frequently is an extension of a basic policy and benefits will not begin until the basic policy is exhausted.

UI = D007354

 

Insurance, Medigap

AN = insures the gap between payments by private insurers & Medicare; specify geog CATALOG: /geog by state /form

MS = A supplemental health insurance policy sold by private insurance companies and designed to pay for health care costs and services that are not paid for either by Medicare alone or by a combination of Medicare and existing private health insurance benefits. (From Facts on File Dictionary of Health Care Management, 1988)

UI = D017054

 

Insurance, Nursing Services

AN = specify geog if possible; DF: INSURANCE NURS SERV CATALOG /geog /form

MS = Insurance providing benefits for the costs of care provided by nurses, especially nurse practitioners and nurse clinicians.

UI = D007355

 

Insurance, Pharmaceutical Services

AN = specify geog if possible; DF: INSURANCE PHARM SERV CATALOG: /geog /form

MS = Insurance providing for payment of services rendered by the pharmacist. Services include the preparation and distribution of medical products.

UI = D007356

 

Insurance, Physician Services

AN = specify geog if possible; DF: INSURANCE PHYSICIAN SERV CATALOG: /geog /form

MS = Insurance providing benefits for the costs of care by a physician which can be comprehensive or limited to surgical expenses or for care provided only in the hospital. It is frequently called "regular medical expense" or "surgical expense".

UI = D007357

 

Insurance Pools

AN = specify geog if possible CATALOG: /geog /form

MS = An organization of insurers or reinsurers through which particular types of risk are shared or pooled. The risk of high loss by a particular insurance company is transferred to the group as a whole (the insurance pool) with premiums, losses, and expenses shared in agreed amounts.

UI = D015271

 

Insurance, Psychiatric

AN = specify geog if possible CATALOG: /geog /form

MS = Insurance providing benefits to cover part or all of the psychiatric care.

UI = D007358

 

Insurance Selection Bias

AN = no qualif

MS = Adverse of favorable selection bias exhibited by insurers or enrollees resulting in disproportionate enrollment of certain groups of people.

UI = D015273

 

Insurance, Surgical

AN = specify geog if possible; DF: INSURANCE SURG CATALOG: /geog /form

MS = A specific type of health insurance which provides surgeons' fees for specified amounts according to the type of surgery listed in the policy.

UI = D007359

 

Integrase

AN = HIV INTEGRASE is also available

MS = An enzyme that inserts DNA into the host genome. It is encoded by the pol gene of retroviruses and also by temperate bacteriophages, the best known being bacteriophage lambda. EC 2.7.7.-.

UI = D019426

 

Integrase Inhibitors

MS = Compounds which inhibit or antagonize biosynthesis or actions of integrase.

UI = D019429

 

Integrated Advanced Information Management Systems

AN = DF: note short X ref

MS = A concept, developed in 1983 under the aegis of and supported by the National Library of Medicine under the name of Integrated Academic Information Management Systems, to provide professionals in academic health sciences centers and health sciences institutions with convenient access to an integrated and comprehensive network of knowledge. It addresses a wide cross-section of users from administrators and faculty to students and clinicians and has applications to planning, clinical and managerial decision-making, teaching, and research. It provides access to various types of clinical, management, educational, etc., databases, as well as to research and bibliographic databases. In August 1992 the name was changed from Integrated Academic Information Management Systems to Integrated Advanced Information Management Systems to reflect use beyond the academic milieu.

UI = D016490

 

Integrins

AN = a family of glycoproteins acting as immunologic receptors; prefer specifics

MS = A family of transmembrane glycoproteins consisting of noncovalent heterodimers. They interact with a wide variety of ligands including extracellular matrix glycoproteins, complement, and other cells, while their intracellular domains interact with the cytoskeleton. The integrins consist of at least three identified families: the cytoadhesin receptors, the leukocyte adhesion receptors, and the very-late-antigen receptors. Each family contains a common beta-subunit combined with one or more distinct alpha-subunits. These receptors participate in cell-matrix and cell-cell adhesion in many physiologically important processes, including embryological development, hemostasis, thrombosis, wound healing, immune and nonimmune defense mechanisms, and oncogenic transformation.

UI = D016023

 

Intellectual Property

AN = refers to PATENTS, trademarks, COPYRIGHT, espec under US Constitution; no qualif; specify geog

MS = Property, such as patents, trademarks, and copyright, that results from creative effort. The Patent and Copyright Clause (Art. 1, Sec. 8, cl. 8) of the United States Constitution provides for promoting the progress of science and useful arts by securing for limited times to authors and inventors, the exclusive right to their respective writings and discoveries. (From Black's Law Dictionary, 5th ed, p1014)

UI = D018973

 

Intelligence

AN = /genet permitted

MS = The ability to learn and to deal with new situations and to deal effectively with tasks involving abstractions.

UI = D007360

 

Intelligence Tests

MS = Standardized tests that measure the present general ability or aptitude for intellectual performance.

UI = D007361

 

Intensive Care

AN = coord IM with disease /ther or /surg (IM)

MS = Advanced and highly specialized care provided to medical or surgical patients whose conditions are life-threatening and require comprehensive care and constant monitoring. It is usually administered in specially equipped units of a health care facility.

UI = D017055

 

Intensive Care, Neonatal

AN = check also tags HUMAN & INFANT, NEWBORN

MS = Continuous care and monitoring of newborn infants with life-threatening conditions, in any setting.

UI = D015931

 

Intensive Care Units

MS = Hospital units providing continuous surveillance and care to acutely ill patients.

UI = D007362

 

Intensive Care Units, Neonatal

AN = check also tags HUMAN & INFANT, NEWBORN; DF: ICU NEONATAL

MS = Hospital units providing continuing surveillance and care to acutely ill newborn infants.

UI = D007363

 

Intensive Care Units, Pediatric

AN = check also tags HUMAN & CHILD; DF: ICU PEDIATRIC

MS = Hospital units providing continuous surveillance and care to acutely ill infants and children. Neonates are excluded since INTENSIVE CARE UNITS, NEONATAL is available.

UI = D015278

 

Intercalating Agents

AN = agents "capable of inserting themselves ... between the successive bases in DNA"; used in DNA studies; D25-26 qualif

MS = Agents that are capable of inserting themselves between the successive bases in DNA, thus kinking, uncoiling or otherwise deforming it and therefore preventing its proper functioning. They are used in the study of DNA.

UI = D007364

 

Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1

AN = plays a role in leukocyte adhesion & inflamm; DF: note short X ref

MS = A cell-surface ligand with a role in leukocyte adhesion and inflammation. Its production is induced by gamma-interferon and it is required for neutrophil migration into inflamed tissue.

UI = D018799

 

Intercellular Junctions

AN = A 11 qualif except /cytol /transpl; /genet permitted

MS = Direct contact of a cell with a neighboring cell. Most such junctions are too small to be resolved by light microscopy, but they can be visualized by conventional or freeze-fracture electron microscopy, both of which show that the interacting CELL MEMBRANE and often the underlying CYTOPLASM and the intervening EXTRACELLULAR SPACE are highly specialized in these regions. (From Alberts et al., Molecular Biology of the Cell, 2d ed, p792)

UI = D007365

 

Intercostal Muscles

MS = Respiratory muscles that arise from the lower border of one rib and insert into the upper border of the adjoining rib, and contract during inspiration or respiration. (From Stedman, 25th ed)

UI = D007366

 

Intercostal Nerves

AN = thoracic nerves; dis: coord IM with PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM DISEASES (IM); neopl: coord IM with PERIPHERAL NERVE NEOPLASMS (IM) + histol type of neopl (IM)

MS = The ventral rami of the thoracic nerves from segments T1 through T11. The intercostal nerves supply motor and sensory innervation to the thorax and abdomen. The skin and muscles supplied by a given pair are called, respectively, a dermatome and a myotome.

UI = D007367

 

Interdepartmental Relations

AN = no qualif; DF: INTERDEP RELAT

MS = The interactions between representatives of institutional departments.

UI = D015274

 

Interferometry

AN = NIM; coord with LIGHT (NIM) or SOUND (NIM) if specified

MS = Measurement of distances or movements by means of the phenomena caused by the interference of two rays of light (optical interferometry) or of sound (acoustic interferometry).

UI = D007368

 

Interferon Alfa, Recombinant

AN = /biosyn permitted after virus enters cell; /ther use: see note on INTERFERONS; note spelling "alfa": do not confuse with "alpha" which tends to be non-recombinant

MS = A type I interferon with antiviral and antineoplastic activity produced by recombinant DNA technology. It can be a mixture of the kind of interferon secreted by leukocytes or lymphoblasts.

UI = D015379

 

Interferon Alfa-2a

AN = /biosyn permitted after virus enters cell; /ther use: see note on INTERFERONS; note spelling "alfa": do not confuse with "alpha" which tends to be non-recombinant

MS = Interferon A (human leukocyte protein moiety reduced). A type I interferon consisting of 165 amino acid residues with lysine in position 23. This protein is produced by recombinant DNA technology and resembles interferon secreted by leukocytes. It is used extensively as an antiviral or antineoplastic agent.

UI = D015380

 

Interferon Alfa-2b

AN = /biosyn permitted after virus enters cell; /ther use: see note on INTERFERONS; note spelling "alfa": do not confuse with "alpha" which tends to be non-recombinant

MS = Interferon alpha 2b (human leukocyte clone Hif-SN 206 protein moiety reduced). A type I interferon consisting of 165 amino acid residues with arginine in position 23. This protein is produced by recombinant DNA technology and resembles interferon secreted by leukocytes. It is used extensively as an antiviral or antineoplastic agent.

UI = D015381

 

Interferon-alpha

AN = /biosyn permitted after virus enters cell; /ther use: see note on INTERFERONS

MS = One of the type I interferons (INTERFERON TYPE I) produced by peripheral blood leukocytes or lymphoblastoid cells when exposed to live or inactivated virus, double-stranded RNA, or bacterial products. It is the major interferon produced by virus-induced leukocyte cultures and, in addition to its pronounced antiviral activity, causes activation of NK cells. It is used experimentally in the treatment of hairy-cell leukemia.

UI = D016898

 

Interferon-beta

AN = /biosyn permitted after virus enters cell; /ther use: see note on INTERFERONS

MS = One of the type I interferons produced by fibroblasts in response to stimulation by live or inactivated virus or by double-stranded RNA. It is a cytokine with antiviral, antiproliferative, and immunomodulating activity.

UI = D016899

 

Interferon-gamma, Recombinant

AN = /biosyn permitted after virus enters cell; /ther use: see note on INTERFERONS

MS = A type II interferon produced by recombinant DNA technology. It is similar to the interferon secreted by lymphocytes and has antiviral and antineoplastic activity.

UI = D015382

 

Interferon Inducers

AN = DF: INTERFERON IND

MS = Agents that promote the production and release of interferons. They include mitogens, lipopolysaccharides, and the synthetic polymers Poly A-U and Poly I-C. Viruses, bacteria, and protozoa have been also known to induce interferons.

UI = D007369

 

Interferon Type I

AN = /biosyn permitted after virus enters cell; /ther use: see note on INTERFERONS

MS = Interferon secreted by leukocytes, fibroblasts, or lymphoblasts in response to viruses or interferon inducers other than mitogens, antigens, or allo-antigens. They include alpha- and beta-interferons (INTERFERON-ALPHA and INTERFERON-BETA).

UI = D007370

 

Interferon Type II

AN = /biosyn /physiol permitted after virus enters cell; /ther use: see note on INTERFERONS

MS = The major interferon produced by mitogenically or antigenically stimulated lymphocytes. It is structurally different from type I interferon (INTERFERON TYPE I) and its major activity is immunoregulation. It has been implicated in the expression of class II histocompatibility antigens in cells that do not normally produce them, leading to autoimmune disease.

UI = D007371

 

Interferons

AN = antiviral & antineoplastic agents; /biosyn /physiol permitted; do not confuse with VIRUS INHIBITORS, substances found in normal serum, body fluids or tissue; "stimulators" or "inducers" = INTERFERON INDUCERS; coord IM with disease /ther (IM), not /drug ther

MS = Proteins secreted by vertebrate cells in response to a wide variety of inducers. They confer resistance against many different viruses, inhibit proliferation of normal and malignant cells, impede multiplication of intracellular parasites, enhance macrophage and granulocyte phagocytosis, augment natural killer cell activity, and show several other immunomodulatory functions.

UI = D007372

 

Intergenerational Relations

AN = interactions between persons of different generations; not restricted to family; DF: INTERGENERAT RELAT

MS = The interactions between individuals of different generations. These interactions include communication, caring, accountability, loyalty, and even conflict between related or non-related individuals.

UI = D016901

 

Interinstitutional Relations

AN = no qualif; coord IM with specific institution, agency or organization (IM); DF: INTERINSTITUTIONAL RELAT

MS = The interactions between representatives of institutions, agencies, or organizations.

UI = D007373

 

Interior Design and Furnishings

AN = for houses, commerc estab, hosp, institutions, etc.; DF: INTERIOR DESIGN

MS = The planning of the furnishings and decorations of an architectural interior.

UI = D007374

 

Interleukin-1

AN = DF: IL 1 or IL1

MS = A soluble factor produced by monocytes, macrophages, and other cells which activates T-lymphocytes and potentiates their response to mitogens or antigens. IL-1 consists of two distinct forms, IL-1 alpha and IL-1 beta which perform the same functions but are distinct proteins. The biological effects of IL-1 include the ability to replace macrophage requirements for T-cell activation. The factor is distinct from INTERLEUKIN-2.

UI = D007375

 

Interleukin-2

AN = DF: IL 2 or IL2

MS = Soluble substances elaborated by antigen- or mitogen-stimulated T-lymphocytes which induce DNA synthesis in naive lymphocytes.

UI = D007376

 

Interleukin-3

AN = DF: IL 3 or IL3

MS = A multilineage cell growth factor secreted by lymphocytes, epithelial cells, and astrocytes which stimulates clonal proliferation and differentiation of various types of blood and tissue cells. Also called multi-CSF, it is considered one of the hematopoietic colony stimulating factors.

UI = D007377

 

Interleukin-4

AN = DF: IL 4 or IL4

MS = Soluble factor produced by activated T-lymphocytes that causes proliferation and differentiation of B-cells. Interleukin-4 induces the expression of class II major histocompatibility complex and Fc receptors on B-cells. It also acts on T-lymphocytes, mast cell lines, and several other hematopoietic lineage cells including granulocyte, megakaryocyte, and erythroid precursors, as well as macrophages.

UI = D015847

 

Interleukin-5

AN = DF: IL 5 or IL5

MS = Factor promoting eosinophil differentiation and activation in hematopoiesis. It also triggers activated B-cells for a terminal differentiation into Ig-secreting cells.

UI = D015848

 

Interleukin-6

AN = DF: IL 6 or IL6

MS = Factor that stimulates the growth and differentiation of human B-cells and is also a growth factor for hybridomas and plasmacytomas. It is produced by many different cells including T-cells, monocytes, and fibroblasts.

UI = D015850

 

Interleukin-7

AN = DF: IL 7 or IL7

MS = Hematopoietic growth factor that promotes growth of B-cell precursors and also is co-mitogenic with Interleukin-2 for mature T-cell activation. It is produced by bone marrow stromal cells.

UI = D015851

 

Interleukin-8

AN = DF: IL 8 or IL8

MS = A cytokine that activates neutrophils and attracts neutrophils and T-lymphocytes. It is released by several cell types including monocytes, macrophages, T-lymphocytes, fibroblasts, endothelial cells, and keratinocytes by an inflammatory stimulus. IL-8 is a member of the beta-thromboglobulin superfamily and structurally related to platelet factor 4.

UI = D016209

 

Interleukin-9

AN = DF: IL 9 or IL9

MS = Factor that is thought to be a regulator of hematopoiesis. It has been shown to enhance the growth of human mast cells and megakaryoblastic leukemic cells as well as murine helper t-cell clones. IL-9 is a glycoprotein with a molecular weight of 32-39 that is derived from T-cells, and maps to human chromosome 5.

UI = D016906

 

Interleukin-10

AN = DF: IL 10 or IL10

MS = Factor that is a coregulator of mast cell growth. It is produced by T-cells and B-cells and shows extensive homology with the Epstein-Barr virus BCRFI gene.

UI = D016753

 

Interleukin-11

AN = DF: IL 11 or IL11

MS = Lymphohematopoietic cytokine that has the ability to modulate antigen-specific antibody responses, potentiate megakaryocytes, and regulate bone marrow adipogenesis.

UI = D017370

 

Interleukin-12

AN = DF: IL 12 or IL12

MS = A heterodimeric cytokine that stimulates the production of interferon gamma from T-cells and natural killer cells, and also induces differentiation of Th1 helper cells. It is an initiator of cell-mediated immunity.

UI = D018664

 

Interleukin-13

AN = DF: IL 13 or IL13

MS = T-lymphocyte-derived cytokine that produces proliferation, immunoglobulin isotype switching, and immunoglobulin production by immature B-lymphocytes. It appears to play a role in regulating inflammatory and immune responses.

UI = D018793

 

Interleukin-14

AN = DF:IL 14 or IL14

MS = Cytokine that induces B-cell proliferation, inhibits immunoglobulin secretion, and selectively expands certain B-cell subpopulations.

UI = D019404

 

Interleukin-15

AN = DF: IL 15 or IL15

MS = Cytokine that stimulates the proliferation of T-lymphocytes and shares biological activities with IL-2. IL-15 also can induce B-lymphocyte proliferation and differentiation.

UI = D019409

 

Interleukin-16

AN = DF: IL 16 or IL16

MS = Cytokine produced by activated T-lymphocytes that stimulates the migration of CD4-positive lymphocytes and monocytes. It has been reported to suppress HIV replication.

UI = D019410

 

Interleukin-17

AN = DF: IL 17 or IL17

MS = Proinflammatory cytokine produced primarily by T-lymphocytes or their precursors. IL-17 is homologous to an open reading frame found in Herpesvirus saimiri.

UI = D020381

 

Interleukin-18

AN = DF: IL18

MS = Cytokine which resembles IL-1 structurally and IL-12 functionally. It enhances the cytotoxic activity of NK cells and CTLs, and appears to play a role both as neuroimmunomodulator and in the induction of mucosal immunity.

UI = D020382

 

Interleukins

AN = GEN or unspecified; prefer specifics

MS = Soluble factors which stimulate growth-related activities of leukocytes as well as other cell types. They enhance cell proliferation and differentiation, DNA synthesis, secretion of other biologically active molecules and responses to immune and inflammatory stimuli.

UI = D007378

 

Interlibrary Loans

UI = D007379

 

Intermediate Care Facilities

AN = intermediate = not requiring degree of care provided by hosp or skilled nurs facility

MS = Institutions which provide health-related care and services to individuals who do not require the degree of care which hospitals or skilled nursing facilities provide, but because of their physical or mental condition require care and services above the level of room and board.

UI = D007380

 

Intermediate Filament Proteins

AN = /biosyn /drug eff /physiol permitted

MS = Filaments 7-11 nm in diameter found in the cytoplasm of all cells. Many specific proteins belong to this group, e.g., desmin, vimentin, prekeratin, decamin, skeletin, neurofilin, neurofilament protein, and glial fibrillary acid protein.

UI = D007381

 

Intermediate Filaments

AN = A 11 qualif except /cytol; /genet permitted

MS = Cytoplasmic filaments intermediate in diameter (about 10 nanometers) between the microfilaments and the microtubules. They may be composed of any of a number of different proteins and form a ring around the cell nucleus.

UI = D007382

 

Intermittent Claudication

AN = intermittent leg pain caused by walking

MS = A symptom complex characterized by leg pain and weakness brought on by walking, with the disappearance of the symptoms following a brief rest.

UI = D007383

 

Intermittent Positive-Pressure Breathing

AN = do not use /util except by MeSH definition; do not confuse with INTERMITTENT POSITIVE-PRESSURE VENTILATION: IPPB is spontaneous, IPPV is on a ventilator; DF: note short X ref

MS = Application of positive pressure to the inspiratory phase of spontaneous respiration.

UI = D007384

 

Intermittent Positive-Pressure Ventilation

AN = do not use /util except by MeSH definition; do not confuse with INTERMITTENT POSITIVE-PRESSURE BREATHING: IPPV is on a ventilator, IPPB is spontaneous; DF: note short X ref

MS = Application of positive pressure to the inspiratory phase when the patient has an artificial airway in place and is connected to a ventilator.

UI = D007385

 

Internal Fixators

AN = for fracture fixation

MS = Internal devices used in osteosynthesis to hold the position of the fracture in proper alignment. By applying the principles of biomedical engineering, the surgeon uses metal plates, nails, rods, etc., for the correction of skeletal defects.

UI = D016268

 

Internal Mammary-Coronary Artery Anastomosis

AN = do not use /util except by MeSH definition; DF: IMA ANASTOMOSIS

MS = Direct myocardial revascularization in which the internal mammary artery is anastomosed to the right coronary artery, circumflex artery, or anterior descending coronary artery. The internal mammary artery is the most frequent choice, especially for a single graft, for coronary artery bypass surgery.

UI = D007387

 

Internal Medicine

AN = SPEC: SPEC qualif; when permitted for "internal diseases": Manual 28.10; DF: INTERNAL MED

MS = A medical specialty concerned with the diagnosis and treatment of diseases of the internal organ systems of adults.

UI = D007388

 

Internal-External Control

AN = no qualif

MS = A general principle that man's attempts to control his personal environment are influenced by internal or external factors.

UI = D007389

 

International Agencies

AN = specify geog CATALOG: /geog /form

MS = International organizations which provide health-related or other cooperative services.

UI = D007390

 

International Cooperation

AN = specify geog for cooperating nations; do not index here for "international congresses": CONGRESSES is adequate (TN 112) CATALOG: /geog /form

MS = The interaction of persons or groups of persons representing various nations in the pursuit of a common goal or interest.

UI = D007391

 

International Council of Nurses

AN = IM CATALOG: use NAF entry

MS = An international professional organization composed of one association per country for the purpose of improving and developing nursing's contribution to the promotion of health and care of the sick.

UI = D007392

 

International Educational Exchange

AN = specify geog if pertinent CATALOG: /geog /form

MS = The exchange of students or professional personnel between countries done under the auspices of an organization for the purpose of further education.

UI = D007393

 

International Normalized Ratio

AN = note short X ref

MS = System established by the World Health Organization and the International Committee on Thrombosis and Hemostasis for monitoring and reporting blood coagulation tests. Under this system, results are standardized using the International Sensitivity Index for the particular test reagent/instrument combination used.

UI = D019934

 

International System of Units

AN = in titles use diacritics: Systáeme International d'Unitâes; DF: note short X ref

MS = A system of physical units in which the fundamental quantities are length, time, mass, electric current, temperature, luminous intensity, and amount of substance, and the corresponding units are the meter, second, kilogram, ampere, kelvin, candela, and mole. The system has been given official status and recommended for universal use by the General Conference on Weights and Measures.

UI = D007394

 

Internet

MS = A loose confederation of computer communication networks around the world. The networks that make up the Internet are connected through several backbone networks. The Internet grew out of the US Government ARPAnet project and was designed to facilitate information exchange.

UI = D020407

 

Interneurons

AN = A 11 qualif

MS = Most generally any neurons which are not motor or sensory. Interneurons may also refer to neurons whose axons remain within a particular brain region as contrasted with projection neurons which have axons projecting to other brain regions.

UI = D007395

 

Internship and Residency

AN = med & dent only; "junior physicians" are not interns: index under MEDICAL STAFF, HOSPITAL; DF: INTERNSHIP

MS = Programs of training in medicine and medical specialties offered by hospitals for graduates of medicine to meet the requirements established by accrediting authorities.

UI = D007396

 

Internship, Nonmedical

AN = DF: INTERNSHIP NONMED

MS = Advanced programs of training to meet certain professional requirements in fields other than medicine or dentistry, e.g., pharmacology, nutrition, nursing, etc.

UI = D007397

 

Interpersonal Relations

AN = no qualif; DF: INTERPERSONAL RELAT

MS = The reciprocal interaction of two or more persons.

UI = D007398

 

Interphase

AN = the interval between cell divisions; specific phases are available; NIM specific cell when merely test cell; coord with specific cell /cytol; permitted with micro-organisms

MS = The interval between two successive cell divisions during which the chromosomes are not individually distinguishable and DNA replication occurs.

UI = D007399

 

Interprofessional Relations

AN = no qualif; IM; coord with med or other spec (IM) if pertinent; DF: INTERPROFESSIONAL RELAT

MS = The reciprocal interaction of two or more professional individuals.

UI = D007400

 

Interspersed Repetitive Sequences

AN = GEN: prefer specifics - DNA TRANSPOSABLE ELEMENTS or RETROELEMENTS or its indentions

MS = Copies of transposable elements interspersed throughout the genome, some of which are still active and often referred to as "jumping genes". There are two classes of interspersed repetitive elements. Class I elements (or RETROELEMENTS - such as retrotransposons, retroviruses, LONG INTERSPERSED NUCLEOTIDE ELEMENTS and SHORT INTERSPERSED NUCLEOTIDE ELEMENTS) transpose via reverse transcription of an RNA intermediate. Class II elements (or DNA TRANSPOSABLE ELEMENTS - such as transposons, Tn elements, insertion sequence elements and mobile gene cassettes of bacterial integrons) transpose directly from one site in the DNA to another.

UI = D020071

 

Interrenal Gland

AN = also called interrenal body; in fish

MS = Structures in fishes homologous to the cortical tissue of the mammalian adrenal gland; they are in close proximity to or imbedded in the kidney.

UI = D007401

 

Intertrigo

AN = a dermatitis of skin folds

MS = A superficial dermatitis occurring on skin surfaces in contact with each other, such as the axillae, neck creases, intergluteal fold, between the toes, etc. Obesity is a predisposing factor. The condition is caused by moisture and friction and is characterized by erythema, maceration, burning, and exudation.

UI = D007402

 

Intervention Studies

AN = "intervention" refers to a modification of the research design, not surg or pharmacol intervention: read MeSH definition; IM GEN only; coord NIM with specific study (IM); no qualif

MS = Epidemiologic investigations designed to test a hypothesized cause-effect relation by modifying the supposed causal factor(s) in the study population.

UI = D016033

 

Intervertebral Disk

AN = coord IM with specific vertebrae (IM); diseases: probably DISCITIS or INTERVERTEBRAL DISK DISPLACEMENT but if not, index as INTERVERTEBRAL DISK (IM) + SPINAL DISEASES (IM); chemonucleolysis = INTERVERTEBRAL DISK CHEMOLYSIS

UI = D007403

 

Intervertebral Disk Chemolysis

AN = do not use /util except by MeSH definition; coord IM with specific substance /ther use (usually CHYMOPAPAIN) if particularly discussed

MS = The dissolving of the nucleus pulposus of a displaced intervertebral disk, usually by the direct injection of a proteolytic enzyme, especially chymopapain, into the diseased disk.

UI = D007404

 

Intervertebral Disk Displacement

AN = = herniation or prolapse; coord IM with specific vertebrae (IM); ther by chemonucleolysis = INTERVERTEBRAL DISK CHEMOLYSIS: see note there

MS = An intervertebral disk in which the nucleus pulposus has protruded through surrounding fibrocartilage. This occurs most frequently in the lower lumbar region.

UI = D007405

 

Interview [Publication Type]

AN = publication type only; do not confuse with catalogers' form subhead /interviews; for interviews as a subject, index under main heading INTERVIEWS; appears in titles within brackets & in translations within parentheses; Manual 14.5.1.8

MS = A conversation with an individual regarding his or her background and other personal and professional details, opinions on specific subjects posed by the interviewer, etc.

UI = D017203

 

Interview, Psychological

MS = A directed conversation aimed at eliciting information for psychiatric diagnosis, evaluation, treatment planning, etc. The interview may be conducted by a social worker or psychologist.

UI = D007406

 

Interviews

AN = for articles on how to conduct interviews, their value, behavior of participants, etc.: do not confuse with Publication Type INTERVIEW (Manual 17.22+)

MS = Conversations with an individual or individuals held in order to obtain information about their background and other personal biographical data, their attitudes and opinions, etc. It includes school admission or job interviews.

UI = D007407

 

Intestinal Absorption

UI = D007408

 

Intestinal Atresia

AN = do not use /congen & do not coord with INFANT, NEWBORN, DISEASES; coord IM with specific intestine /abnorm except for duodenum: index duodenal atresia as DUODENAL OBSTRUCTION /congen (IM) + INTESTINAL ATRESIA (IM) CATALOG: do not use /in inf

MS = Congenital obliteration of the lumen of the intestine, with the ileum involved in 50% of the cases and the jejunum and duodenum following in frequency. It is the most frequent cause of intestinal obstruction in the newborn infant. Its etiology may be related to failure of recanalization during early development or to some impairment of blood supply during intrauterine life. (From Stedman, 25th ed)

UI = D007409

 

Intestinal Diseases

AN = GEN: prefer specifics; inflamm dis: GEN or unspecified inflamm dis is likely to be INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE; for specific, prefer -ITIS terms in Cat C6; gas cysts = PNEUMATOSIS CYSTOIDES INTESTINALIS

UI = D007410

 

Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic

AN = coord with specific parasitic dis (IM) + specific intestine or precoord intestinal dis (IM)

MS = Infections of the intestines with a parasite. They are caused most commonly by intestinal nematodes (roundworms) and cestodes (tapeworms). (From Merck Manual, 15th ed; Dorland, 27th ed)

UI = D007411

 

Intestinal Fistula

AN = abnorm passage in an intestine or between an intestine & another organ; fistula policy: Manual 23.19+; RECTAL FISTULA & RECTOVAGINAL FISTULA are also available

MS = Abnormal passage communicating with the intestines.

UI = D007412

 

Intestinal Mucosa

AN = /cytol: consider also PEYER'S PATCHES; /secret = INTESTINAL MUCOSA /secret or INTESTINAL SECRETIONS but not INTESTINES /secret; for X ref INTESTINAL EPITHELIUM, do not coord with EPITHELIUM unless particularly discussed or contrasted with BASEMENT MEMBRANE or other mucosal tissue & then probably NIM

MS = The innermost membrane of the four coats of the intestinal wall, the other three being the submucosa, muscular layers, and serosa. (Berk et al., Gastroenterology, 4th ed, v.3, p1479)

UI = D007413

 

Intestinal Neoplasms

AN = GEN: prefer specific precoord; /blood supply /chem /second /secret /ultrastruct permitted; coord IM with histol type of neopl (IM)

UI = D007414

 

Intestinal Obstruction

AN = coord IM with specific precoord intestinal dis (IM); note X ref ILEUS but consider also PARALYTIC ILEUS see INTESTINAL PSEUDO-OBSTRUCTION

MS = Any impairment, arrest, or reversal of the normal flow of intestinal contents toward the anus.

UI = D007415

 

Intestinal Perforation

AN = caused by dis or inj; coord IM with specific intestine (IM) or specific precoord intestinal dis (IM); intestinal rupture does not go here: index with INTESTINES /inj or specific intestine /inj (IM) + RUPTURE (NIM) or specific intestine (IM) or specific precoord intestinal dis (IM) + RUPTURE, SPONTANEOUS (NIM)

UI = D007416

 

Intestinal Polyps

AN = neoplastic; /blood supply /chem /secret /ultrastruct permitted; coord IM with organ/neopl, not organ/dis (IM); familial: consider also ADENOMATOUS POLYPOSIS COLI, a colonic neopl dis

MS = Pedunculated or sessile growths arising from the intestinal mucosa and extending into the lumen. The disease includes intestinal polyposis.

UI = D007417

 

Intestinal Pseudo-Obstruction

AN = coord IM with specific precoord intestinal dis (IM)

MS = Obstruction of the intestines that is functional, not mechanical.

UI = D007418

 

Intestinal Secretions

UI = D007419

 

Intestine, Large

AN = GEN: prefer specific; inflammation or inflamm dis = COLITIS or other large intestine -ITIS term in Cat C6

UI = D007420

 

Intestine, Small

AN = GEN; /cytol: consider also PEYER'S PATCHES; inflammation = ENTERITIS but ENTEROCOLITIS, DUODENITIS & ILEITIS are available

UI = D007421

 

Intestines

AN = GEN; /secret = INTESTINAL MUCOSA /secret or INTESTINAL SECRETIONS; invagination = INTUSSUSCEPTION; /surg: consider also ENTEROSTOMY & GASTROENTEROSTOMY; inflammation or inflamm dis: see note on INTESTINAL DISEASES; gas cysts = PNEUMATOSIS CYSTOIDES INTESTINALIS

MS = The portion of the alimentary canal extending from the pyloric opening of the stomach to the anus. (Dorland, 28th ed)

UI = D007422

 

Intra-Aortic Balloon Pumping

AN = DF: IABP

MS = Counterpulsation in which a pumping unit synchronized with the patient's electrocardiogram rapidly fills a balloon in the aorta with helium or carbon dioxide in early diastole and evacuates the balloon at the onset of systole. As the balloon inflates, it raises aortic diastolic pressure, and as it deflates, it lowers aortic systolic pressure. The result is a decrease in left ventricular work and increased myocardial and peripheral perfusion.

UI = D007423

 

Intracellular Fluid

AN = do not confuse with interstitial fluid (index under EXTRACELLULAR SPACE)

UI = D007424

 

Intracellular Membranes

AN = "membranes of subcellular structures"; A 11 qualif except /cytol

MS = Membranes of subcellular structures.

UI = D007425

 

Intracisternal A-Particle Genes (see:Genes, Intracisternal A-Particle)

 

Intracranial Hypertension

AN = do not confuse with INTRACRANIAL HYPOTENSION; coord IM with disease /physiopathol (IM) causing or caused by intracranial hypertension

MS = Increased pressure of the cerebrospinal fluid. If symmetrically distributed it may have few neurologic symptoms (e.g., PSEUDOTUMOR CEREBRI), but if it is asymmetrical (as in HYDROCEPHALUS), neurological symptoms are often severe. (From Dorland, 28th ed)

UI = D019586

 

Intracranial Hypotension

AN = do not confuse with INTRACRANIAL HYPERTENSION; coord IM with disease /physiopathol (IM) causing or caused by intracranial hypotension

MS = Subnormal pressure of the cerebrospinal fluid. It is most commonly found after lumbar puncture and is associated with headache, nausea, vomiting, stiffness of the neck, and sometimes fever. It may also result from dehydration. (From Stedman, 26th ed)

UI = D019585

 

Intracranial Pressure

AN = INTRACRANIAL HYPOTENSION & INTRACRANIAL HYPERTENSION are also available

MS = Pressure within the cranial cavity. It is influenced by brain mass, the circulatory system, CSF dynamics, and skull rigidity.

UI = D007427

 

Intradermal Tests

AN = NIM

MS = Skin tests in which the sensitizer is injected.

UI = D007428

 

Intramolecular Lyases

MS = Enzymes of the isomerase class that catalyze reactions in which a group can be regarded as eliminated from one part of a molecule, leaving a double bond, while remaining covalently attached to the molecule. (From Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992) EC 5.5.

UI = D019753

 

Intramolecular Oxidoreductases

MS = Enzymes of the isomerase class that catalyze the oxidation of one part of a molecule with a corresponding reduction of another part of the same molecule. They include enzymes converting aldoses to ketoses (ALDOSE-KETOSE ISOMERASES), enzymes shifting a carbon-carbon double bond (CARBON-CARBON DOUBLE BOND ISOMERASES), and enzymes transposing S-S bonds (SULFUR-SULFUR BOND ISOMERASES). (From Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992) EC 5.3.

UI = D019746

 

Intramolecular Transferases

MS = Enzymes of the isomerase class that catalyze the transfer of acyl-, phospho-, amino- or other groups from one position within a molecule to another. EC 5.4.

UI = D019751

 

Intraocular Pressure

AN = OCULAR HYPERTENSION & OCULAR HYPOTENSION are also available

UI = D007429

 

Intraoperative Care

AN = during surg; use qualif discreetly; DF: INTRAOP CARE

MS = Patient care procedures performed during the operation that are ancillary to the actual surgery. It includes monitoring, fluid therapy, medication, transfusion, anesthesia, radiography, and laboratory tests.

UI = D007430

 

Intraoperative Complications

AN = few qualif apply; IM; coord with Cat E4 term (IM) if pertinent with or without /adv eff depending on its relation to the intraop compl: for policy apply principles of POSTOPERATIVE COMPLICATIONS, Manual 23.18+; for iatrogenic compl (as X ref SURGICAL INJURIES) or other: TN 179; DF: INTRAOP COMPL

MS = Disorders affecting patients during surgery. They may or may not be related to the disease for which the surgery is done. They may or may not be direct results of the surgery.

UI = D007431

 

Intraoperative Period

AN = almost never IM; use qualif discreetly; DF: INTRAOP PERIOD

MS = The period during a surgical operation.

UI = D007432

 

Intrauterine Device Expulsion

AN = DF: IUD EXPULSION

MS = Spontaneous loss of intrauterine devices from the uterus.

UI = D007433

 

Intrauterine Devices

AN = coord IM with material of which device is made (NIM); pregnancy despite use of IUD = IUD with no qualif, not IUD /adv eff; DF: IUD

MS = Devices of plastic or metallic substance inserted into the uterus to prevent conception. (Dorland, 28th ed)

UI = D007434

 

Intrauterine Devices, Copper

AN = pregn despite use: see note under INTRAUTERINE DEVICES; DF: IUD COPPER

MS = Intrauterine contraceptive devices that depend on the release of metallic copper.

UI = D007435

 

Intrauterine Devices, Medicated

AN = "IUDs that release contraceptive agents"; coord IM with specific contraceptive agent (IM); pregn despite use: see note on INTRAUTERINE DEVICES; DF: IUD MEDICATED

MS = Intrauterine devices that release contraceptive agents.

UI = D007436

 

Intrinsic Factor

AN = a hematinic; /biosyn /defic /physiol permitted

MS = A glycoprotein secreted by the parietal cells of the gastric glands, necessary for the absorption of vitamin B 12. Lack of intrinsic factor with consequent deficiency of vitamin B 12 results in pernicious anemia. (Dorland, 27th ed)

UI = D007437

 

Introns

MS = Non-coding, intervening sequences of DNA that are transcribed, but are removed from within the primary gene transcript and rapidly degraded during maturation of messenger RNA. Most genes in the nuclei of eukaryotes contain introns, as do mitochondrial and chloroplast genes.

UI = D007438

 

Introversion (Psychology)

AN = no qualif; DF: INTROVERSION

MS = A state in which attention is largely directed inward upon one's self.

UI = D007439

 

Intubation

AN = do not use /util except by MeSH definition; for intub proced in dis, coord with dis /ther, not /surg; esophageal intub = ESOPHAGUS (IM) + INTUBATION (IM), not INTUBATION, GASTROINTESTINAL; esophageal obturator airway = ESOPHAGUS (IM) + INTUBATION /instrum (IM)

MS = Introduction of a tube into a hollow organ to restore or maintain patency if obstructed. It is differentiated from CATHETERIZATION in that the insertion of a catheter is usually performed for the introducing or withdrawing of fluids from the body.

UI = D007440

 

Intubation, Gastrointestinal

AN = do not use /util except by MeSH definition; for intub in dis, coord with dis /ther, not /surg; esophageal intub & esophageal obturator airway do not go here: see note on INTUBATION

MS = The insertion of a tube into the stomach, intestines, or other portion of the gastrointestinal tract to allow for the passage of food products, etc.

UI = D007441

 

Intubation, Intratracheal

AN = do not use /util except by MeSH definition; for intub in dis, coord with dis /ther, not /surg

UI = D007442

 

Intuition

AN = knowing without conscious reasoning

MS = Knowing or understanding without conscious use of reasoning. (Thesaurus of ERIC Descriptors, 1994)

UI = D019545

 

Intussusception

AN = a form of intestinal obstruction; coord IM with specific precoord intestinal dis term; ileocolic intussusception = ILEAL DISEASES (IM) + INTUSSUSCEPTION (IM) but not also COLONIC DISEASES; ileocecal intussusception = ILEOCECAL VALVE (IM) + INTUSSUSCEPTION (IM) + ILEAL DISEASES (NIM) but not also CECAL DISEASES; cecocolic intussusception = CECAL DISEASES (IM) + INTUSSUSCEPTION (IM) but not also COLONIC DISEASES

MS = The prolapse of one part of the intestine into the lumen of an immediately adjoining part. There are four varieties: colic, involving segments of the large intestine; enteric, involving only the small intestine; ileocecal, in which the ileocecal valve prolapses into the cecum, drawing the ileum along with it; and ileocolic, in which the ileum prolapses through the ileocecal valve into the colon. (Dorland, 27th ed)

UI = D007443

 

Inulin

AN = a fructan; usually /diag use in KIDNEY FUNCTION TESTS; do not confuse with INSULIN

MS = A vegetable starch, (C6H10O5)4, an indigestible polysaccharide occurring in the rhizome of certain plants (Compositae). It is a polymer of fructofuranose, yields fructose on hydrolysis, and is used in a test for determining renal function. (Dorland, 27th ed)

UI = D007444

 

Inventories, Hospital

MS = Materials and equipment in stock; includes drugs in pharmacies, blood in blood banks, etc.

UI = D007445

 

Inversion (Genetics)

AN = no qualif; DF: INVERSION

MS = An aberration in which a chromosomal segment is deleted and reinserted in the same place but turned 180 degrees from its original orientation, so that the gene sequence for the segment is reversed with respect to that of the rest of the chromosome.

UI = D007446

 

Invertebrate Hormones

AN = coord IM with specific invertebrate (IM)

MS = Hormones produced by invertebrates, usually insects, mollusks, annelids, and helminths.

UI = D007447

 

Invertebrates

AN = avoid: too general; prefer specific classes, orders, families & genera; IM; qualif permitted but use /embryol & /parasitol with caution CATALOG: /geog /form

MS = Animals that have no spinal column.

UI = D007448

 

Investigational New Drug Application

AN = U.S. or foreign, but if U.S., new drug "must be submitted to the FDA" before study in humans; DF: IND APPLICATION

MS = An application that must be submitted to a regulatory agency (the FDA in the United States) before a drug can be studied in humans. This application includes results of previous experiments; how, where, and by whom the new studies will be conducted; the chemical structure of the compound; how it is thought to work in the body; any toxic effects found in animal studies; and how the compound is manufactured. (From the "New Medicines in Development" Series produced by the Pharmaceutical Manufacturers Association and published irregularly.)

UI = D017387

 

Investigative Techniques

AN = not used for indexing CATALOG: do not use

MS = Investigative techniques used in pre-clinical and clinical research, epidemiology, chemistry, immunology, genetics, etc. They do not include techniques specifically applied to DIAGNOSIS; THERAPEUTICS; anesthesia and analgesia, SURGERY, OPERATIVE, and DENTISTRY.

UI = D008919

 

Investments

MS = Use for articles on the investing of funds for income or profit.

UI = D007449

 

Iodamide

AN = D25-26 qualif

MS = An ionic monomeric contrast medium. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p706)

UI = D007451

 

Iodates

AN = salts of iodic acid

MS = Inorganic salts of iodic acid (HIO3).

UI = D007452

 

Iodine Compounds

AN = inorganic; GEN or unspecified; prefer specifics; DF: IODINE CPDS

MS = Inorganic compounds that contain iodine as an integral part of the molecule.

UI = D017613

 

Iodide Peroxidase

AN = /defic: consider also IODOTYROSINE /metab (IM) + AMINO ACID METABOLISM, INBORN ERRORS (IM) + CRETINISM

MS = A hemeprotein that catalyzes the oxidation of the iodide radical to iodine with the subsequent iodination of many organic compounds, particularly proteins. EC 1.11.1.8.

UI = D007453

 

Iodides

AN = inorganic cpds or iodide ion only

MS = Inorganic binary compounds of iodine or the I- ion.

UI = D007454

 

Iodine

AN = a trace element & halogen; I-127; /defic /physiol permitted

MS = A nonmetallic halogen with the atomic symbol I, atomic number 53, and atomic weight 127. It is essential in nutrition, being especially necessary for the synthesis of thyroid hormones (thyroxine and triiodothyronine), which regulate the metabolic rate in all cells. It is used in solution as a topical anti-infective agent. (From Dorland, 27th ed)

UI = D007455

 

Iodine Isotopes

AN = I-127; NIM; no qualif

MS = Stable iodine atoms that have the same atomic number as the element iodine, but differ in atomic weight. I-127 is the only naturally occurring stable iodine isotope.

UI = D007456

 

Iodine Radioisotopes

AN = I-117 through I-139 except I-127; NIM; /blood-csf-urine /metab permitted but not for tracer studies ( = /diag use)

MS = Unstable isotopes of iodine that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. I atoms with atomic weights 117-139, except I 127, are radioactive iodine isotopes.

UI = D007457

 

Iodipamide

AN = D25-26 qualif

MS = A water-soluble iodinated radiographic contrast medium used for intravenous cholangiography and cholecystography. (Dorland, 28th ed)

UI = D007458

 

Iodized Oil

AN = a contrast medium; D25-26 qualif

MS = Iodinated vegetable oil. The mixture contains 38-42% organically combined iodine that is used as a diagnostic aid (radiopaque medium). (From Merck Index, 11th ed)

UI = D007459

 

Iodoacetamide

MS = An alkylating sulfhydryl reagent. Its actions are similar to those of iodoacetate.

UI = D007460

 

Iodoacetates

MS = Iodinated derivatives of acetic acid. Iodoacetates are commonly used as alkylating sulfhydryl reagents and enzyme inhibitors in biochemical research.

UI = D007461

 

Iodoacetic Acid

MS = Iodoacetic acid and its salts and derivatives. Iodoacetic acid reacts with cysteine (-SH) groups to form a carboxymethylated protein and is used as an enzyme inhibitor in biochemical research.

UI = D019807

 

Iodobenzenes

UI = D007462

 

Iodobenzoates

MS = Benzoic acid esters or salts substituted with one or more iodine atoms.

UI = D007463

 

3-Iodobenzylguanidine

MS = A guanidine analog with specific affinity for tissues of the sympathetic nervous system and related tumors. The radiolabeled forms are used as antineoplastic agents and radioactive imaging agents. (Merck Index, 12th ed) MIBG serves as a neuron-blocking agent which has a strong affinity for, and retention in, the adrenal medulla and also inhibits ADP-ribosyltransferase.

UI = D019797

 

19-Iodocholesterol

MS = 19-Iodocholest-5-en-3 beta-ol. A cholesterol derivative usually substituted with radioactive iodine in the 19 position. The compound is an adrenal cortex scanning agent used in the assessment of patients suspected of having Cushing's syndrome, hyperaldosteronism, pheochromocytoma and adrenal remnants following total adrenalectomy.

UI = D015071

 

Iodocyanopindolol

MS = A highly selective and specific beta antagonist that is used to characterize beta-adrenoceptors.

UI = D020120

 

Iodohippuric Acid

AN = for radiolabeled cpd coord IM with IODINE RADIOISOTOPES (NIM)

MS = A radiopaque iodine-containing compound that has been used as a radiopaque medium in pyelography; when labeled with radioiodine, it is used for radionuclide studies of renal function. (From Dorland, 28th ed)

UI = D007465

 

Iodophors

AN = an iodophor is a complex of iodine & a non-ionic surface-active agent; D25-26 qualif

MS = Complexes of iodine and non-ionic surface-active agent acting as carrier and solubilizing agent for the iodine in water. Iodophors usually enhance bactericidal activity of iodine, reduce vapor pressure and odor, minimize staining, and allow wide dilution with water. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)

UI = D007466

 

Iodoproteins

UI = D007467

 

Iodopyracet

AN = a contrast medium; D25-26 qualif

MS = An ionic monomeric contrast medium that was formerly used for a variety of diagnostic procedures. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p706)

UI = D007468

 

Iodopyridones

AN = contrast media; D25-26 qualif

MS = Iodinated pyridine derivatives that are often used as contrast media.

UI = D007469

 

Iodoquinol

AN = an amebicide

MS = 5,7-Diiodo-8-quinolinol. One of the halogenated 8-quinolinols widely used as an intestinal antiseptic, especially as an antiamebic agent. It is also used topically in other infections and may cause CNS and eye damage. It is known by very many similar trade names world-wide.

UI = D004103

 

Iodotyrosine

UI = D007470

 

Iofetamine

MS = An amphetamine analog that is rapidly taken up by the lungs and from there redistributed primarily to the brain and liver. It is used in brain radionuclide scanning with I-123.

UI = D020367

 

Ioglycamic Acid

AN = D25-26 qualif

MS = A radiopaque medium. It is a mixture of its meglumine and sodium salts and is used to visualize the biliary tract.

UI = D007471

 

Iohexol

MS = An effective non-ionic, water-soluble contrast agent which is used in myelography, arthrography, nephroangiography, arteriography, and other radiographic procedures. Its low systemic toxicity is the combined result of low chemotoxicity and low osmolality.

UI = D007472

 

Ion Channels

AN = IM; GEN: prefer specifics; /biosyn /drug eff /physiol /ultrastruct permitted; coord IM with specific ion /metab (IM)

MS = Gated, ion-selective glycoproteins that traverse membranes. The stimulus for channel gating can be a membrane potential, drug, transmitter, cytoplasmic messenger, or a mechanical deformation. Ion channels which are integral parts of ionotropic neurotransmitter receptors are not included.

UI = D007473

 

Ion Exchange

AN = a physicochem process: do not confuse with ION TRANSPORT, which takes place in biol systems; NIM; no qualif

MS = Reversible chemical reaction between a solid, often an ION EXCHANGE RESIN, and a fluid whereby ions may be exchanged from one substance to another. This technique is used in water purification, in research, and in industry.

UI = D007474

 

Ion Channel Gating

AN = "opening & closing of ion channels" after various types of stimulation; DF: GATING

MS = The opening and closing of ion channels due to a stimulus. The stimulus can be a change in membrane potential (voltage-gated), drugs or chemical transmitters (ligand-gated), or a mechanical deformation. Gating is thought to involve conformational changes of the ion channel which alters selective permeability.

UI = D015640

 

Ion Exchange Resins

AN = D25-26 qualif

MS = High molecular weight, insoluble polymers which contain functional groups that are capable of undergoing exchange reactions (ION EXCHANGE) with either cations or anions.

UI = D007475

 

Ion Pumps

AN = IM; GEN: prefer specifics

MS = Integral membrane proteins that transport ions across a membrane against an electrochemical gradient.

UI = D016623

 

Ion Transport

AN = in biol systems: do not confuse with ION EXCHANGE, a physicochem process; coord NIM with endogenous substance /metab (IM) or with exogenous substance /pharmacokin (IM); for SYMPORT and ANTIPORT (both see ION TRANSPORT), coord NIM with BIOLOGICAL TRANSPORT, ACTIVE (IM) + specific cpds /metab (IM) if endogenous or /pharmacokin (IM) if exogenous

MS = The movement of ions across energy-transducing cell membranes. Transport can be active or passive. Passive ion transport (facilitated diffusion) derives its energy from the concentration gradient of the ion itself and allows the transport of a single solute in one direction (uniport). Active ion transport is usually coupled to an energy-yielding chemical or photochemical reaction such as ATP hydrolysis. This form of primary active transport is called an ION PUMP. Secondary active transport utilizes the voltage and ion gradients produced by the primary transport to drive the cotransport of other ions or molecules. These may be transported in the same (symport) or opposite (antiport) direction.

UI = D017136

 

Ionomycin

AN = an ionophore

MS = A divalent calcium ionophore that is widely used as a tool to investigate the role of intracellular calcium in cellular processes.

UI = D015759

 

Ionophores

MS = Chemical agents that increase the permeability of biological or artificial lipid membranes to specific ions. Most ionophores are relatively small organic molecules that act as mobile carriers within membranes or coalesce to form ion permeable channels across membranes. Many are antibiotics, and many act as uncoupling agents by short-circuiting the proton gradient across mitochondrial membranes.

UI = D007476

 

Ions

AN = avoid: too general; GEN; no qualif; ionization chamber: index under RADIOMETRY /instrum

MS = Atoms or radicals having a charge of positive (cation) or negative (anion) electricity owing to the loss (positive) or gain (negative) of one or more electrons. (Dorland, 27th ed)

UI = D007477

 

Ion-Selective Electrodes

AN = designed to measure specific ion concentrations in cells, tissue or solutions

MS = Electrodes which can be used to measure the concentration of particular ions in cells, tissues, or solutions.

UI = D017736

 

Iontophoresis

MS = Therapeutic introduction of ions of soluble salts into tissues by means of electric current. In medical literature it is commonly used to indicate the process of increasing the penetration of drugs into surface tissues by the application of electric current. It has nothing to do with ION EXCHANGE, AIR IONIZATION nor PHONOPHORESIS, none of which requires current.

UI = D007478

 

Iopamidol

MS = A non-ionic, water-soluble contrast agent which is used in myelography, arthrography, nephroangiography, arteriography, and other radiological procedures.

UI = D007479

 

Iopanoic Acid

AN = a contrast medium; D25-26 qualif

MS = 3-Amino-alpha-ethyl-2,4,6-triiodobenzenepropanoic acid. Radiopaque medium used as diagnostic aid.

UI = D007480

 

Iophendylate

AN = a contrast medium; D25-26 qualif

MS = Ethyl-10(p-iodophenyl)undecylate. A mixture of isomers used as contrast medium, mainly for brain and spinal cord visualization.

UI = D007481

 

Iothalamate Meglumine

MS = A radiopaque medium used for urography, angiography, venography, and myelography. It is highly viscous and binds to plasma proteins.

UI = D007482

 

Iothalamic Acid

AN = D25-26 qualif

MS = A contrast medium in diagnostic radiology with properties similar to those of diatrizoic acid. It is used primarily as its sodium and meglumine (IOTHALAMATE MEGLUMINE) salts.

UI = D007483

 

Iowa

UI = D007484

 

Ioxaglic Acid

MS = A low-osmolar, ionic contrast medium used in various radiographic procedures.

UI = D007485

 

Ipecac

MS = A syrup made from the dried rhizomes of two different species, Cephaelis ipecacuanha and C. acuminata, belonging to the RUBIACIAE family. They contain EMETINE, cephaeline, psychotrine and other ISOQUINOLINES. Ipecac syrup is used widely as an emetic acting both locally on the gastric mucosa and centrally on the chemoreceptor trigger zone.

UI = D007486

 

Ipodate

AN = a contrast medium; D25-26 qualif

MS = Ionic monomeric contrast media, usually as the sodium or calcium salts, used primarily for examination of the gall bladder and biliary tract. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p704)

UI = D007487

 

Ipratropium

AN = a bronchodilator & anti-arrhythmic

MS = A muscarinic antagonist structurally related to ATROPINE but often considered safer and more effective for inhalation use. It is used for various bronchial disorders, in rhinitis, and as an antiarrhythmic.

UI = D009241

 

Iprindole

AN = an antidepressant

MS = A tricyclic antidepressant that has actions and uses similar to those of AMITRIPTYLINE, but has only weak antimuscarinic and sedative effects. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p257)

UI = D007488

 

Iproniazid

AN = an MAO inhib & antidepressant

MS = An irreversible inhibitor of monoamine oxidase types A and B that is used as an antidepressive agent. It has also been used as an antitubercular agent, but its use is limited by its toxicity.

UI = D007490

 

Ipronidazole

AN = an antiprotozoal

MS = 2-Isopropyl-1-methyl-5-nitroimidazole. An antihistomonal agent with low toxicity. It also promotes growth and feed utilization in poultry.

UI = D007491

 

Iran

UI = D007492

 

Iraq

UI = D007493

 

Ireland

AN = capital, Dublin; differentiate from NORTHERN IRELAND

UI = D007494

 

Iridium

AN = Ir-193; Ir-191 = IRIDIUM (IM) + ISOTOPES (NIM); Ir-182-190, 192, 194-198 = IRIDIUM RADIOISOTOPES (IM)

MS = A very hard white metal; atomic number 77, atomic weight 192.2, atomic symbol Ir. (From Dorland, 28th ed)

UI = D007495

 

Iridium Radioisotopes

AN = Ir-182-190, 192, 194-198; /blood-csf-urine /metab permitted but not for tracer studies ( = /diag use)

MS = Unstable isotopes of iridium that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. Ir atoms with atomic weights 182-190, 192, and 194-198 are radioactive iridium isotopes.

UI = D007496

 

Iridocyclitis

AN = a type of anterior uveitis

MS = Acute or chronic inflammation of the iris and ciliary body characterized by exudates into the anterior chamber, discoloration of the iris, and constricted, sluggish pupil. Symptoms include radiating pain, photophobia, lacrimation, and interference with vision.

UI = D015863

 

Iridoviridae

AN = a family of DNA viruses infecting insects & a few vertebrates; infection in insects: coord IM with specific insect /virol (IM); infection in vertebrates: coord IM with DNA VIRUS INFECTIONS (IM)

MS = A family of large icosahedral DNA viruses infecting insects and poikilothermic vertebrates. Genera include IRIDOVIRUS, RANAVIRUS, Chloriridovirus, Lymphocystivirus, and Goldfish virus 1-like viruses.

UI = D007497

 

Iridovirus

AN = a genus of iridescent (irido-) insect viruses of the family Iridoviridae; coord IM with specific insect /virol (IM)

MS = A genus of IRIDOVIRIDAE comprising small iridescent insect viruses. The infected larvae and purified virus pellets exhibit a blue to purple iridescence.

UI = D017994

 

Iris

AN = inflammation = IRITIS but note IRIDOCYCLITIS is also available; color = EYE COLOR; /blood supply consider also CILIARY ARTERIES; pigmented epithelium of iris: coord IRIS with PIGMENT EPITHELIUM OF EYE

MS = The most anterior portion of the uveal layer, separating the anterior chamber from the posterior. It consists of two layers - the stroma and the pigmented epithelium. Color of the iris depends on the amount of melanin in the stroma on reflection from the pigmented epithelium.

UI = D007498

 

Iris Diseases

MS = Diseases, dysfunctions, or disorders of or located in the iris.

UI = D007499

 

Iris Neoplasms

AN = /blood supply /chem /second /secret /ultrastruct permitted; coord IM with histol type of neopl (IM)

MS = Tumors of the iris characterized by increased pigmentation of melanocytes. Iris nevi are composed of proliferated melanocytes and are associated with neurofibromatosis and malignant melanoma of the choroid and ciliary body. Malignant melanoma of the iris often originates from preexisting nevi.

UI = D015811

 

Iritis

AN = a type of anterior uveitis

MS = Inflammation of the iris characterized by circumcorneal injection, aqueous flare, keratotic precipitates, and constricted and sluggish pupil along with discoloration of the iris.

UI = D007500

 

Iron

AN = Fe-56; Fe(II) = FERROUS COMPOUNDS, Fe(III) = FERRIC COMPOUNDS; /physiol permitted; /defic: permitted but consider ANEMIA, IRON DEFICIENCY; pneumoconiosis caused by iron particles = SIDEROSIS; /metab: consider also IRON OVERLOAD; metab disord = IRON METABOLISM DISORDERS

MS = A metallic element found in certain minerals, in nearly all soils, and in mineral waters. It has the atomic symbol Fe, atomic number 26, and atomic weight 55.85. It is an essential constituent of hemoglobin, cytochrome, and other components of respiratory enzyme systems. Its chief functions are in the transport of oxygen to tissue (hemoglobin) and in cellular oxidation mechanisms. Depletion of iron stores may result in iron-deficiency anemia. Iron is used to build up the blood in anemia. (From Dorland, 27th ed)

UI = D007501

 

Iron Chelating Agents

AN = D25-26 qualif

MS = Organic chemicals that form two or more coordination links with an iron ion. Once coordination has occurred, the complex formed is called a chelate. The iron-binding porphyrin group of hemoglobin is an example of a metal chelate found in biological systems.

UI = D007502

 

Iron Compounds

AN = inorganic; GEN or unspecified; prefer specifics; DF: IRON CPDS

MS = Inorganic compounds that contain iron as an integral part of the molecule.

UI = D017614

 

Iron, Dietary

AN = /adv eff: coord with disease /etiol, not /chem ind; /ther use: coord with disease /diet ther

MS = Iron or iron compounds used in foods or as food. Dietary iron is important in oxygen transport and the synthesis of the iron-porphyrin proteins hemoglobin, myoglobin, cytochromes, and cytochrome oxidase. Insufficient amounts of dietary iron can lead to iron-deficiency anemia.

UI = D019266

 

Iron Isotopes

AN = Fe-54, 57, 58; NIM; no qualif

MS = Stable iron atoms that have the same atomic number as the element iron, but differ in atomic weight. Fe-54, 57, and 58 are stable iron isotopes.

UI = D007503

 

Iron Metabolism Disorders

AN = GEN or unspecified; prefer specifics; DF: IRON METAB DIS

MS = Disorders in the processing of iron in the body: its absorption, transport, storage, and utilization. (From Mosby's Medical, Nursing, & Allied Health Dictionary, 4th ed)

UI = D019189

 

Iron Overload

AN = disord of iron metab

MS = An excessive accumulation of iron in the body due to a greater than normal absorption of iron from the gastrointestinal tract or from parenteral injection. This may arise from idiopathic hemochromatosis, excessive iron intake, chronic alcoholism, certain types of refractory anemia, or transfusional hemosiderosis. (From Churchill's Illustrated Medical Dictionary, 1989)

UI = D019190

 

Iron Radioisotopes

AN = Fe-52, 53, 55, 59-61; NIM; /blood-csf-urine /metab permitted but not for tracer studies ( = /diag use)

MS = Unstable isotopes of iron that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. Fe atoms with atomic weights 52, 53, 55, and 59-61 are radioactive iron isotopes.

UI = D007504

 

Iron-Dextran Complex

AN = a hematinic

MS = Iron dextran. A complex of ferric oxyhydroxide with dextrans of 5000 to 7000 daltons in a viscous solution containing 50 mg/ml of iron. It is supplied as a parenteral preparation and is used as a hematinic. (Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 8th ed, p1292)

UI = D007505

 

Iron-Sulfur Proteins

AN = /biosyn /physiol permitted

MS = A group of proteins possessing only the iron-sulfur complex as the prosthetic group. These proteins participate in all major pathways of electron transport: photosynthesis, respiration, hydroxylation and bacterial hydrogen and nitrogen fixation.

UI = D007506

 

Irrigation

AN = IM only as general procedure; NIM for irrigation of specific organ or site; includes LAVAGE but GASTRIC LAVAGE & PERITONEAL LAVAGE are available as is BRONCHOALVEOLAR LAVAGE FLUID

MS = The washing of a body cavity or surface by flowing solution which is inserted and then removed. Any drug in the irrigation solution may be absorbed.

UI = D007507

 

Irritable Mood

MS = Abnormal or excessive excitability with easily triggered anger, annoyance, or impatience.

UI = D007508

 

Irritants

AN = note X ref COUNTERIRRITANTS but use no qualif with it (i.e., adv eff of a counterirritant is COUNTERIRRITANTS, not COUNTERIRRITANTS /adv eff since this would print as a misleading IRRITANTS /adv eff)

MS = Drugs that act locally on cutaneous or mucosal surfaces to produce inflammation; those that cause redness due to hyperemia are rubefacients; those that raise blisters are vesicants and those that penetrate sebaceous glands and cause abscesses are pustulants; tear gases and mustard gases are also irritants.

UI = D007509

 

Isatin

UI = D007510

 

Ischemia

AN = defic of blood in an organ or tissue; GEN or unspecified; prefer specifics of which MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA & CEREBRAL ISCHEMIA & their specifics are most common; IM; coord with specific organ /blood supply (IM)

MS = Deficiency of blood in a part, due to functional constriction or actual obstruction of a blood vessel. (Dorland, 27th ed)

UI = D007511

 

Ischemic Preconditioning

AN = IM; coord with tissue /blood supply (IM); ISCHEMIC PRECONDITIONING, MYOCARDIAL is also available

MS = A technique in which tissue is rendered resistant to the deleterious effects of prolonged ischemia and reperfusion by prior exposure to brief, repeated periods of vascular occlusion. (Am J Physiol 1995 May;268(5 Pt 2):H2063-7, Abstract)

UI = D019194

 

Ischemic Preconditioning, Myocardial

AN = IM; do not coordinate with MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA or MYOCARDIAL REPERFUSION unless particularly discussed

MS = Exposure of myocardial tissue to brief, repeated periods of vascular occlusion in order to render the myocardium resistant to the deleterious effects of ischemia or reperfusion. The period of pre-exposure and the number of times the tissue is exposed to ischemia and reperfusion vary, the average being 3 to 5 minutes.

UI = D019157

 

Ischium

UI = D007512

 

ISCOMs

AN = coord IM with specific type of vaccine (IM or NIM); DF: ISCOM

MS = A formulation for presenting an antigen to induce specific immunologic responses. It consists of an assembly of antigens in multimeric form. The assembly is attached to a matrix with a built-in adjuvant, saponin. ISCOMs induce strong serum antibody responses, and are used as highly immunogenic forms of subunit vaccines.

UI = D016882

 

Isethionic Acid

MS = 2-Hydroxyethanesulfonic acid. A colorless, syrupy, strongly acidic liquid that can form detergents with oleic acid.

UI = D007513

 

Islam

AN = IM; specify geog if pertinent CATALOG: /geog /form

MS = A monotheistic religion promulgated by the Prophet Mohammed with Allah as the deity.

UI = D007514

 

Islets of Langerhans

AN = do not confuse with LANGERHANS CELLS (skin); neopl = ADENOMA, ISLET CELL but see note there or CARCINOMA, ISLET CELL

MS = Irregular microscopic structures, varying from a few to hundreds of cells, scattered throughout the pancreas and comprising its endocrine portion. There are three cell types: alpha, secreting glucagon; beta, secreting insulin; and delta (D CELLS), secreting somatostatin.

UI = D007515

 

Islet Cell Adenoma (see:Adenoma, Islet Cell)

 

Islets of Langerhans Transplantation

AN = do not use /util except by MeSH definition; do not coord with TRANSPLANTATION, HOMOLOGOUS unless particularly discussed; in ther of diabetes mellitus, coord IM with dis /surg (IM), not /ther; DF: ISLETS TRANSPL

MS = The transference of pancreatic islets within an individual, between individuals of the same species, or between individuals of different species.

UI = D016381

 

Isoamylase

AN = do not confuse with amylase isoenzymes (index under AMYLASES (IM) + ISOENZYMES (IM) )

MS = An enzyme that hydrolyzes 1,6-alpha-glucosidic branch linkages in glycogen, amylopectin, and their beta-limit dextrins. It is distinguished from pullulanase (EC 3.2.1.41) by its inability to attack pullulan and by the feeble action of alpha-limit dextrins. It is distinguished from amylopectin 6-glucanohydrolase (EC 3.2.1.69) by its action on glycogen. With EC 3.2.1.69, it produces the activity called "debranching enzyme". EC 3.2.1.68.

UI = D007517

 

Isoantibodies

MS = Antibodies produced by one individual that react with antigens (ISOANTIGENS) of another individual of the same species. (Dorland, 28th ed)

UI = D007518

 

Isoantigens

MS = Antigens that exist in alternative (allelic) forms in a species, and thus induce an immature response when one form is transferred (as by blood transfusion or tissue graft) to members of the species who lack it. Typical isoantigens are the blood group antigens. (Dorland, 28th ed)

UI = D007519

 

Isocarboxazid

AN = an MAO inhib & antidepressant

MS = An MAO inhibitor that is effective in the treatment of major depression, dysthymic disorder, and atypical depression. It also is useful in the treatment of panic disorder and the phobic disorders. (From AMA, Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p311)

UI = D007520

 

Isochromosomes

AN = chromosome aberration: note category

MS = Metacentric chromosomes produced during meiosis or mitosis when the centromere splits transversely instead of longitudinally. The chromosomes produced by this abnormal division are one chromosome having the two long arms of the original chromosome, but no short arms, and the other chromosome consisting of the two short arms and no long arms. Each of these isochromosomes constitutes a simultaneous duplication and deletion.

UI = D018404

 

Isocitrate Dehydrogenase

MS = An enzyme of the oxidoreductase class that catalyzes the conversion of isocitrate and NAD+ to yield 2-ketoglutarate, carbon dioxide, and NADH. It occurs in cell mitochondria. The enzyme requires Mg2+, Mn2+; it is activated by ADP, citrate, and Ca2+, and inhibited by NADH, NADPH, and ATP. The reaction is the key rate-limiting step of the citric acid (tricarboxylic) cycle. (From Dorland, 27th ed) (The NADP+ enzyme is EC 1.1.1.42.) EC 1.1.1.41.

UI = D007521

 

Isocitrate Lyase

MS = A key enzyme in the glyoxylate cycle. It catalyzes the conversion of isocitrate to succinate and glyoxylate. EC 4.1.3.1.

UI = D007522

 

Isocitrates

UI = D007523

 

Isocyanates

MS = Organic compounds that contain the -NCO radical.

UI = D017953

Itraconazole

AN = an antifungal

MS = 4-(4-(4-(4-((2-(2,4-Dichlorophenyl)-2-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-ylmethyl-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl)methoxy)phenyl)-1-piperazinyl)phenyl)-2,4-dihydro-2-(1-methylpropyl)-3H-1,2,4-triazol-3-one. An antifungal agent that has been used in the treatment of histoplasmosis, blastomycosis, cryptococcal meningitis, and aspergillosis.

UI = D017964

 

Isodesmosine

MS = 2-(4-Amino-4-carboxybutyl)-1-(5-amino-5-carboxypentyl)-3,5-bis(3-amino-3-carboxypropyl)pyridinium. A rare amino acid found in elastin, formed by condensation of four molecules of lysine into a pyridinium ring.

UI = D007524

 

Isoelectric Focusing

AN = a type of electrophoresis; NIM

MS = Electrophoresis in which a pH gradient is established in a gel medium and proteins migrate until they reach the site (or focus) at which the pH is equal to their isoelectric point.

UI = D007525

 

Isoelectric Point

AN = NIM; no qualif

MS = The pH in solutions of proteins and related compounds at which the dipolar ions are at a maximum.

UI = D007526

 

Isoenzymes

AN = IM general only; coord NIM with specific enzyme (IM)

MS = One of various structurally related forms of an enzyme, each having the same mechanism but with differing chemical, physical, or immunological characteristics.

UI = D007527

 

Isoetharine

AN = a bronchodilator

MS = Adrenergic beta-2 agonist used as bronchodilator for emphysema, bronchitis and asthma.

UI = D007528

 

Isoflavones

MS = 3-Phenylchromones. Isomeric form of flavones in which the benzene group is attached to the 3 position of the benzopyran ring instead of the 2 position.

UI = D007529

 

Isoflurane

AN = an inhalation anesthetic

MS = 1-Chloro-2,2,2-trifluoroethyl difluoromethyl ether. A stable, non-explosive inhalation anesthetic, relatively free from significant side effects.

UI = D007530

 

Isoflurophate

AN = a cholinesterase inhib

MS = Phosphorofluoridic acid bis(l-methylethyl) ester. An irreversible cholinesterase inhibitor with actions similar to those of echothiophate. It is a powerful miotic used mainly in the treatment of glaucoma. Its vapor is highly toxic and it is recommended that only solutions in arachis oil be used therapeutically. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 29th ed, p1330)

UI = D007531

 

Isoleucine

AN = an essential amino acid; /biosyn /defic /physiol permitted

UI = D007532

 

Isoleucine-tRNA Ligase

MS = An enzyme that activates isoleucine with its specific transfer RNA. EC 6.1.1.5.

UI = D007533

 

Isomaltose

AN = a disaccharide

MS = 6-0-alpha-Glucopyranosyl-D-glucose. A disaccharide consisting of two glucose units in an alpha (1-6) glycosidic linkage.

UI = D007534

 

Isomerases

AN = GEN only; see Tree D8 under ISOMERASES & choose the most specific

MS = A class of enzymes that catalyze geometric or structural changes within a molecule to form a single product. The reactions do not involve a net change in the concentrations of compounds other than the substrate and the product.(from Dorland, 28th ed) EC 5.

UI = D007535

 

Isomerism

AN = NIM; no qualif

MS = The phenomenon whereby certain chemical compounds have structures that are different although the compounds possess the same elemental composition. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 5th ed)

UI = D007536

 

Isometric Contraction

AN = do not confuse with ISOTONIC CONTRACTION

MS = Muscular contractions characterized by increase in tension without change in length.

UI = D007537

 

Isoniazid

AN = an antituberc agent

MS = 4-Pyridinecarboxylic acid hydrazide. Antibacterial agent used primarily as a tuberculostatic. It remains the treatment of choice for tuberculosis.

UI = D007538

 

Isonicotinic Acids

AN = hydrazide = ISONIAZID

MS = Heterocyclic acids that are derivatives of 4-pyridinecarboxylic acid (isonicotinic acid).

UI = D007539

 

Isonipecotic Acids

UI = D007540

 

Isopentenyladenosine

AN = a cytokinin plant growth regulator

MS = N(6)-[delta(3)-isopentenyl]adenosine. Isopentenyl derivative of adenosine which is a member of the cytokinin family of plant growth regulators.

UI = D007541

 

 

2-Isopropylmalate Synthase

MS = An enzyme that catalyzes the first step in the biosynthetic pathway to leucine, forming isopropyl malate from acetyl-CoA and alpha-ketoisovaleric acid. EC 4.1.3.12.

UI = D015079

 

Isoptera

AN = do not use /drug eff for insecticides: TN 111

MS = An order of insects, restricted mostly to the tropics, containing at least eight families. A few species occur in temperate regions of North America.

UI = D020049

 

1-(5-Isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-methylpiperazine

AN = a protein kinase inhib; DF: IQSMP

MS = A specific protein kinase C inhibitor, which inhibits superoxide release from human neutrophils (PMN) stimulated with phorbol myristate acetate or synthetic diacylglycerol.

UI = D019307

 

Isothiocyanates

MS = Organic compounds with the general formula R-NCS.

UI = D017879

 

Isotretinoin

AN = a keratolytic agent

MS = 13-cis-Retinoic acid. A topical dermatologic agent that is used in the treatment of acne vulgaris and several other skin diseases. The drug has teratogenic and other adverse effects.

UI = D015474

 

Isradipine

AN = a calcium channel blocker & antihypertensive

MS = 4-(4-Benzofurazanyl)-1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-3,5-pyridinedicarboxylic acid methyl 1-methyl ethyl ester. A potent calcium channel antagonist that is highly selective for vascular smooth muscle. It is effective in the treatment of chronic stable angina pectoris, hypertension, and congestive cardiac failure.

UI = D017275

 

Inosine Pranobex

AN = an antiviral

MS = An alkylamino-alcohol complex of inosine that may have some antiviral activity, probably due to its inhibition of viral protein synthesis and facilitation of the host's mRNA synthesis.

UI = D007542

 

Isopropyl Thiogalactoside

MS = 1-Methylethyl 1-thio-beta-D-galactopyranoside.

UI = D007544

 

Isoproterenol

AN = a bronchodilator & cardiotonic

MS = Isopropyl analog of EPINEPHRINE; beta-sympathomimetic that acts on the heart, bronchi, skeletal muscle, alimentary tract, etc. It is used mainly as bronchodilator and heart stimulant.

UI = D007545

 

Isoquinolines

MS = A group of compounds with the heterocyclic ring structure of benzo(c)pyridine. The ring structure is characteristic of the group of opium alkaloids such as papaverine. (From Stedman, 25th ed)

UI = D007546

 

Isosorbide

AN = a diuretic

MS = 1,4:3,6-Dianhydro D-glucitol. Chemically inert osmotic diuretic used mainly to treat hydrocephalus; also used in glaucoma.

UI = D007547

 

Isosorbide Dinitrate

AN = a vasodilator

MS = A vasodilator used in the treatment of angina. Its actions are similar to NITROGLYCERIN but with a slower onset of action.

UI = D007548

 

Isospora

AN = infection: coord IM with COCCIDIOSIS (IM); /drug eff: consider also COCCIDIOSTATS; for antigens, coord with ANTIGENS, PROTOZOAN, for antibodies, coord with ANTIBODIES, PROTOZOAN

MS = A genus of protozoan parasites found in the intestines of birds, amphibians, reptiles, and mammals, including man. The oocysts produce two sporocysts, each with four sporozoites. Many species are parasitic in wild and domestic animals.

UI = D007549

 

Isothiuronium

AN = an anti-inflamm agent

MS = Proposed topical anti-inflammatory agent that may release histamine if given intradermally.

UI = D007550

 

Isotonic Contraction

AN = do not confuse with ISOMETRIC CONTRACTION

MS = Muscle contraction with negligible change in the force of contraction but shortening of the distance between the origin and insertion.

UI = D007551

 

Isotonic Solutions

AN = GEN; NIM; no qualif when NIM coord; qualif is usually attached to specific drug in solution; when IM, only D25-26 qualif; DF: ISOTONIC SOL

MS = Solutions having the same osmotic pressure as blood serum, or another solution with which they are compared. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed & Dorland, 28th ed)

UI = D007552

 

Isotope Labeling

AN = restrict to techniques of labeling with isotopes (stable or radioactive): do not use for radioisotope tracer studies of "labeled" cells, microorganisms or chemicals ( = probably chemical /diag use (NIM) ), as Cr51-labeled erythrocytes = ERYTHROCYTES + CHROMIUM RADIOISOTOPES /diag use but not ISOTOPE LABELING

MS = Techniques for labeling a substance with a stable or radioactive isotope. It is not used for articles involving labeled substances unless the methods of labeling are substantively discussed. Tracers that may be labeled include chemical substances, cells, or microorganisms.

UI = D007553

 

Isotopes

AN = for stable isotopes only; GEN: avoid as IM; NIM as coord; Manual 25.20+; m for metastable = RADIOISOTOPES or specific pre-coord radioisotope

MS = Atomic species differing in mass number but having the same atomic number. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)

UI = D007554

 

Isoxazoles

UI = D007555

 

Isoxsuprine

AN = a vasodilator & tocolytic

MS = A beta-adrenergic agonist that causes direct relaxation of uterine and vascular smooth muscle. Its vasodilating actions are greater on the arteries supplying skeletal muscle than on those supplying skin. It is used in the treatment of peripheral vascular disease and in premature labor.

UI = D007556

 

Israel

UI = D007557

 

Italy

AN = ROME & VATICAN CITY are also available

UI = D007558

 

Ivermectin

AN = an antiparasitic; /biosyn permitted if by organism

MS = A mixture of ivermectin component B1a (RN 71827-03-7) and B1b (RN 70209-81-3), which is a semisynthetic product from Streptomyces avermitilis. A potent macrocyclic lactone disaccharide antiparasitic agent used to prevent and treat parasite infestations in animals. The compound has activity against internal and external parasites and has been found effective against arthropods, insects, nematodes, filarioidea, platyhelminths, and protozoa.

UI = D007559

 

Ixodes

AN = a genus of ticks; infestation: coord IM with TICK INFESTATIONS (IM)

MS = A large, widely distributed genus of ticks consisting of approximately 245 species. Many infest man and other mammals and several are vectors of diseases such as LYME DISEASE, tick-borne encephalitis (ENCEPHALITIS, TICK-BORNE), and KYASANUR FOREST DISEASE.

UI = D018884