Glossary of Bio-Medical Terms

J

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Jamaica

AN = an island in the Greater Antilles in the West Indies

MS = An island in the Greater Antilles in the West Indies. Its capital is Kingston. It was discovered in 1494 by Columbus and was a Spanish colony 1509-1655 until captured by the English. Its flourishing slave trade was abolished in the 19th century. It was a British colony 1655-1958 and a territory of the West Indies Federation 1958-62. It achieved full independence in 1962. The name is from the Arawak Xaymaca, rich in springs or land of springs. (From Webster's New Geographical Dictionary, 1988, p564 & Room, Brewer's Dictionary of Names, 1992, p267)

UI = D007563

 

Japan

AN = TOKYO is also available; Japanese are of MONGOLOID RACE; Ainus, an indigenous people of Japan, are of CAUCASOID RACE, not MONGOLOID RACE

UI = D007564

 

Jaundice

AN = yellow appearance of skin from skin deposition of bile pigments; GEN or unspecified; prefer specifics & note jaundice see refs

MS = A syndrome characterized by hyperbilirubinemia and deposition of bile pigment in the skin, mucous membranes, and sclera with resulting yellow appearance of the patient. (Dorland, 27th ed)

UI = D007565

 

Jaundice, Chronic Idiopathic

AN = do not use /congen & do not coord with INFANT, NEWBORN, DISEASES CATALOG: do not use in inf

MS = A familial chronic form of nonhemolytic jaundice thought to be due to a defect in the excretion of conjugated bilirubin and certain other organic anions (e.g., sulfobromophthalein) by the liver. It is characterized by the presence of a brown, coarsely granular pigment in the hepatic cells, which is pathognomonic of the condition. (Dorland, 27th ed)

UI = D007566

 

Jaundice, Neonatal

AN = do not use /congen & do not coord with INFANT, NEWBORN, DISEASES; check the tag INFANT, NEWBORN CATALOG: not use /in inf

MS = The jaundice sometimes seen in newborn infants. It is also called icterus neonatorum. (Dorland, 27th ed)

UI = D007567

 

Jaw

AN = /injuries: TN 115; upper jaw = MAXILLA; lower jaw = MANDIBLE

MS = Either of the two bony structures (MANDIBLE and MAXILLA) in the head of vertebrates, bearing the teeth (in dentate species) and enabling carnivores to seize their prey and others to bite and chew food. (Dorland, 28th ed)

UI = D007568

 

Jaw Abnormalities

AN = GEN only: prefer specifics: MAXILLA /abnorm or MANDIBLE /abnorm; do not use /congen & do not coord with INFANT, NEWBORN, DISEASES CATALOG: do not use /in inf

MS = Congenital absence of or defects in structures of the jaw.

UI = D007569

 

Jaw Cysts

AN = non-neoplastic; /blood supply /chem /secret /ultrastruct permitted; coord IM with precoord organ/dis term (IM)

MS = Saccular lesions lined with epithelium and contained within pathologically formed cavities in the jaw; also nonepithelial cysts (pseudocysts) as they apply to the jaw, e.g., traumatic or solitary cyst, static bone cavity, and aneurysmal bone cyst. True jaw cysts are classified as odontogenic or nonodontogenic.

UI = D007570

 

Jaw Diseases

AN = GEN

UI = D007571

 

Jaw Fixation Techniques

AN = coord IM with MANDIBLE /surg or MAXILLA /surg (IM); MANDIBULAR ADVANCEMENT is also available

MS = The stable placement of surgically induced fractures of the mandible or maxilla through the use of elastics, wire ligatures, arch bars, or other splints. It is used often in the cosmetic surgery of retrognathism and prognathism. (From Dorland, 28th ed, p636)

UI = D019248

 

Jaw Fractures

AN = GEN

MS = Fractures of the upper or lower jaw.

UI = D007572

 

Jaw Neoplasms

AN = GEN: prefer specific precoord; /blood supply /chem /second /secret /ultrastruct permitted; coord IM with histol type of neopl (IM)

MS = Cancers or tumors of the maxilla or mandible unspecified. For neoplasms of the maxilla, MAXILLARY NEOPLASMS is available and of the mandible, MANDIBULAR NEOPLASMS is available.

UI = D007573

 

Jaw Relation Record

AN = NIM; DF: JAW RELAT RECORD

MS = A registration of any positional relationship of the mandible in reference to the maxillae. These records may be any of the many vertical, horizontal, or orientation relations. (Jablonski, Illustrated Dictionary of Dentistry)

UI = D007574

 

Jaw, Edentulous

AN = note category: do not confuse with ANODONTIA (see note there); = total absence of teeth from mandible or maxilla; partial absence of teeth from mandible or maxilla = JAW, EDENTULOUS, PARTIALLY; total absence of teeth from both jaws = MOUTH, EDENTULOUS; coord IM with MANDIBLE (NIM) or MAXILLA (NIM)

MS = The total absence of teeth from either the mandible or the maxilla, but not both. Total absence of teeth from both is MOUTH, EDENTULOUS. Partial absence of teeth in either is JAW, EDENTULOUS, PARTIALLY.

UI = D007575

 

Jaw, Edentulous, Partially

AN = see note on JAW, EDENTULOUS for definition; coord IM with MANDIBLE (NIM) or MAXILLA (NIM)

MS = Absence of teeth from a portion of the mandible and/or maxilla.

UI = D007576

 

Jealousy

AN = human & animal; no qualif

MS = An irrational reaction compounded of grief, loss of self-esteem, enmity against the rival and self criticism.

UI = D007578

 

Jejunal Diseases

AN = inflamm dis or jejunitis: coord IM with ENTERITIS (NIM)

UI = D007579

 

Jejunal Neoplasms

AN = /blood supply /chem /second /secret /ultrastruct permitted; coord IM with histol type of neopl (IM)

UI = D007580

 

Jejunoileal Bypass

AN = in ther of morbid obesity: note XR ref & do not coord with OBESITY, MORBID unless particularly discussed; do not use /util except by MeSH definition

MS = A surgical procedure consisting of the anastomosis of the proximal part of the jejunum to the distal portion of the ileum, so as to bypass the nutrient-absorptive segment of the small intestine, to treat morbid obesity.

UI = D007581

 

Jejunostomy

AN = do not use /util except by MeSH definition; JEJUNOILEAL BYPASS & PANCREATICOJEJUNOSTOMY are available

MS = Surgical formation of an opening through the abdominal wall into the jejunum, usually for enteral hyperalimentation.

UI = D007582

 

Jejunum

AN = inflammation or jejunitis = JEJUNAL DISEASES (IM) + ENTERITIS (NIM); jejuno-ileal bypass or shunt or jejuno-ileostomy in obesity: index under JEJUNOILEAL BYPASS & not also under OBESITY (note XR ref)

UI = D007583

 

Jellyfish

AN = /microbiol /parasitol /virol permitted

MS = Free swimming marine cnidarians. Most of the large jellyfish are in the class Scyphozoa; the small jellyfish are in the class Hydrozoa (HYDRA).

UI = D007584

 

Jews

AN = IM; specify geog if relevant; as ethnic group: Manual 30.6.1-30.6.4, 34.7 CATALOG: /geog /form

MS = An ethnic group with certain cultural and religious traditions.

UI = D007585

 

Job Application

AN = no qualif

MS = Process of applying for employment. It includes written application for employment or personal appearance.

UI = D007586

 

Job Description

MS = Statement of the position requirements, qualifications for the position, wage range, and any special conditions expected of the employee.

UI = D007587

 

Job Satisfaction

AN = no qualif

MS = Personal satisfaction relative to the work situation.

UI = D007588

 

Job's Syndrome

AN = a phagocyte bactericidal syndrome

MS = A disorder of neutrophils characterized by the presence of abnormal or absent chemotactic responses and hyperimmunoglobulinemia E. It is transmitted as an autosomal recessive trait and most cases reported have been in girls.

UI = D007589

 

Jogging

AN = human & animal; /inj: coord IM with specific inj (IM); /physiol permitted

MS = Running at a low rate of speed. It can be done as a means of conditioning or for general health and well being.

UI = D007590

 

Joint Capsule

AN = coord IM with specific joint or bone if no joint term is available (IM)

MS = The sac-like envelope which encloses the cavity of a synovial joint by attaching to the circumference of the articular end of each involved bone. It consists of two layers. The fibrous membrane of the articular capsule (membrana fibrosa capsulae articularis) is the outer layer and is composed of dense white fibrous tissue. The SYNOVIAL MEMBRANE (membrana synovialis capsulae articularis) is the inner layer composed of loose connective tissue and possessing a smooth surface lining the joint cavity. (From Dorland, 27th ed)

UI = D017746

 

Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations

AN = add UNITED STATES (NIM); DF: note short x ref; CATALOG: use NAF entry

MS = A private, voluntary, not-for-profit organization which establishes standards for the operation of health facilities and services, conducts surveys, and awards accreditation.

UI = D007591

 

Joint Deformities, Acquired

AN = coord IM with specific joint (IM); HAND DEFORMITIES, ACQUIRED & FOOT DEFORMITIES, ACQUIRED are also available

MS = Deformities acquired after birth as the result of injury or disease. The joint deformity is often associated with rheumatoid arthritis and leprosy.

UI = D016916

 

Joint Diseases

AN = GEN; prefer specifics; inflamm dis = ARTHRITIS

UI = D007592

 

Joint Instability

AN = note category

MS = Lack of stability of a joint or joint prosthesis. Factors involved are intra-articular disease and integrity of extra-articular structures such as joint capsule, ligaments, and muscles.

UI = D007593

 

Joint Loose Bodies

AN = note category: "fragments in a synovial joint"

MS = Fibrous, bony, cartilaginous and osteocartilaginous fragments in a synovial joint. Major causes are osteochondritis dissecans, synovial chondromatosis, osteophytes, fractured articular surfaces and damaged menisci.

UI = D007594

 

Joint Prosthesis

AN = an artif substitute for a joint; HIP PROSTHESIS & KNEE PROSTHESIS are also available; do not use /util except by MeSH definition

MS = An artificial substitute for a missing joint. (From Dorland, 28th ed)

UI = D007595

 

Joints

AN = GEN; joints of animals: TN 117; differentiation of sites & joints: TN 238; inflammation = ARTHRITIS; /surg: consider also ARTHROPLASTY; joint revision: index as ARTHROPLASTY (IM) + REOPERATION (NIM)

UI = D007596

 

Jordan

UI = D007597

 

Josamycin

AN = a macrolide antibiotic; do not use /biosyn unless by living matter

MS = Leucomycin V, 3-acetate, 4 beta-(3-methylbutanoate). A macrolide antibiotic from Streptomyces narbonensis. The drug has antimicrobial activity against a wide spectrum of pathogens.

UI = D015570

 

Journal Article [Publication Type]

AN = publication type only, supplied by computer for all journal articles indexed for MEDLINE; if article requires an additional or replacement publication type, the indexer will supply it

MS = The predominant publication type for articles and other items indexed for NLM databases.

UI = D016428

 

Journalism

MS = The collection, preparation, and distribution of news and related commentary and feature materials through such media as pamphlets, newsletters, newspapers, magazines, radio, motion pictures, television, and books. While originally applied to the reportage of current events in printed form, specifically newspapers, with the advent of radio and television the use of the term has broadened to include all printed and electronic communication dealing with current affairs.

UI = D020452

 

Journalism, Dental

AN = writing for or in dent publ or on dent subjects; dental journals go under PERIODICALS & required coord, not here; DF: JOURNALISM DENT

MS = Content, management, editing, policies, and printing of dental periodicals such as journals, newsletters, tabloids, and bulletins.

UI = D007598

 

Journalism, Medical

AN = IM; JOURNALISM, DENTAL is also available

MS = The collection, writing, and editing of current interest material on topics related to biomedicine for presentation through the mass media, including newspapers, magazines, radio, or television, usually for a public audience such as health care consumers.

UI = D018156

 

Judaism

AN = the religion: JEWS are the ethnic group; specify geog if pertinent CATALOG: /geog /form

MS = The religion of the Jews characterized by belief in one God and in the mission of the Jews to teach the Fatherhood of God as revealed in the Hebrew Scriptures. (Webster, 3d ed)

UI = D007599

 

Judgment

MS = The process of discovering or asserting an objective or intrinsic relation between two objects or concepts; a faculty or power that enables a person to make judgments; the process of bringing to light and asserting the implicit meaning of a concept; a critical evaluation of a person or situation.

UI = D007600

 

Jugular Veins

MS = Veins in the neck which drain the brain, face, and neck into the brachiocephalic or subclavian veins.

UI = D007601

 

Jungian Theory

MS = A theoretical psychoanalytical system centered around symbols of the unconscious with the unconscious material derived from two sources - the personal unconscious (repressed or forgotten experiences, thoughts and feelings) and the collective or objective unconscious (the universal inherited qualities which dispose the individual to behave as his ancestors).

UI = D007602

 

Junin Virus

AN = a species of Arenavirus; Junâin is in Argentina; infection: coord IM with HEMORRHAGIC FEVER, AMERICAN (IM)

MS = A species of ARENAVIRUS, part of the TACARIBE COMPLEX VIRUSES, causing Argentinian hemorrhagic fever. The disease is characterized by congestion, edema, generalized lymphadenopathy and hemorrhagic necrosis, leading to death in up to 30% of the cases.

UI = D018051

 

Juniper

AN = a tree; its fruit, often called juniper berries, used as diuretic & flavoring agent

MS = Any of the trees or shrubs of the genus Juniperus. The dried ripe fruit of Juniperus communis or common juniper tree was formerly used as a diuretic. The fruit is also used for flavoring certain alcoholic beverages (e.g., gin). The fruit is referred to as juniper berries. (From Dorland, 27th ed)

UI = D018653

 

Jupiter

AN = 5th planet from sun with 16 moons; no qualif

MS = The fifth planet in order from the sun. It is one of the five outer planets of the solar system. Its sixteen natural satellites include Callisto, Europa, Ganymede, and Io.

UI = D018538

 

Jurkat Cells

AN = cell line from human T-cell leukemia; check HUMAN but do not add LEUKEMIA, T-CELL

MS = A cell line derived from human T-cell leukemia and used to determine the mechanism of differential susceptibility to anti-cancer drugs and radiation.

UI = D019169

 

Jurisprudence

AN = GEN only: prefer /legis (for /legislation & jurisprudence): Manual 19.7+, 19.8.42; IM; specify geog; = "medical jurisprudence": do not coord with MEDICINE; for civil suits: differentiate from FORENSIC MEDICINE which is for crime & identification CATALOG: /geog /form

MS = The application of the principles of law and justice to health and medicine.

UI = D007603

 

Juvenile Delinquency

AN = IM CATALOG: /geog /form

MS = The antisocial acts of children or persons under age which are illegal or lawfully interpreted as constituting delinquency.

UI = D007604

 

Juvenile Hormones

AN = insects only; coord IM with specific insect (IM)

MS = Compounds, either natural or synthetic, which block development of the growing insect.

UI = D007605

 

Juvenile Literature [Publication Type]

MS = Works produced for children through age 15 or through the ninth grade.

UI = D020482

 

Juxtaglomerular Apparatus

MS = A collective term for the juxtaglomerular cells in a nephron. These are specialized cells containing secretory granules, located in the tunica media of the afferent glomerular arterioles. They are receptors thought to stimulate secretion of the adrenal hormone aldosterone and to play a major role in renal autoregulation. (Dorland, 27th ed)

UI = D007606