Glossary of Bio-Medical Terms
K
RETURN TO INDEX K562 Cells
AN = check HUMAN
MS = An erythroleukemia cell line derived from a chronic myeloid leukemia patient in blast crisis.
UI = D020014
Kainic Acid
AN = an antinematodal agent & excitatory amino acid agonist
MS = (2S-(2 alpha,3 beta,4 beta))-2-Carboxy-4-(1-methylethenyl)-3-pyrrolidineacetic acid. Ascaricide obtained from the red alga Digenea simplex. It is a potent excitatory amino acid agonist at some types of excitatory amino acid receptors and has been used to discriminate among receptor types. Like many excitatory amino acid agonists it can cause neurotoxicity and has been used experimentally for that purpose.
UI = D007608
Kallidin
AN = a vasodilator & antihypertensive; /biosyn /drug eff /physiol permitted
MS = A decapeptide bradykinin homolog produced by the action of tissue and glandular kallikreins on low-molecular-weight kininogen. It is a smooth-muscle stimulant and hypotensive agent that functions through vasodilatation.
UI = D007609
Kallikrein
AN = a blood coag factor; a serine proteinase; /antag permitted but consider KALLIKREIN-TRYPSIN INACTIVATOR
MS = Peptidohydrolytic enzyme found in normal blood and urine. It is involved in blood coagulation and is formed from prekallikrein, probably by clotting factor XII. Kallikrein is a potent vasodilator and hypotensive, increases vascular permeability and affects smooth muscle. It is thereby intimately involved in inflammation and allergic reactions. Three forms are recognized, plasma kallikrein (EC 3.4.21.34), tissue kallikrein (EC 3.4.21.35), and PROSTATE-SPECIFIC ANTIGEN (EC 3.4.21.77).
UI = D007610
Kallikrein-Kinin System
AN = note category; DF: KK SYSTEM
MS = A system produced in the distal nephron of the kidney. Its components are kallikrein, kinins, kininase I and II, and enkephalinase. It is involved in mediation and modulation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, prostaglandins, vasopressins, and in the regulation of sodium-water balance, renal hemodynamics, and particularly blood pressure. The system participates in the control of renal functions and the physiopathology of renal diseases.
UI = D016234
Kallmann Syndrome
AN = a congen hypogonadism; do not use /congen & do not coord with INFANT, NEWBORN, DISEASES CATALOG: do not use /in inf
MS = Congenital and familial disorder characterized by hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, eunuchoidal features, and anosmia or hyposmia. It is caused by a defect in the synthesis and/or release of LHRH (luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone; GONADORELIN) from the hypothalamus as a result of faulty embryonic neuronal migration. The gene responsible for this is found in the region Xp22.3 on the short arm of the X chromosome. There is a homolog on the Y chromosome. The syndrome is more prevalent in males by a ratio of three to one.
UI = D017436
Kanamycin
AN = an aminoglycoside antituberc antibiotic
MS = Antibiotic complex produced by Streptomyces kanamyceticus from Japanese soil. Comprises 3 components: kanamycin A, the major component, and kanamycins B and C, the minor components.
UI = D007612
Kanamycin Kinase
MS = A class of enzymes that inactivate aminoglycoside-aminocyclitol antibiotics by regiospecific phosphorylation of the 3' and/or 5' hydroxyl. EC 2.7.1.95.
UI = D019868
Kanamycin Resistance
MS = Nonsusceptibility of bacteria to the antibiotic KANAMYCIN, which can bind to their 70S ribosomes and cause misreading of messenger RNA.
UI = D007613
Kangaroos
AN = do not confuse rat kangaroos with KANGAROO RATS see DIPODOMYS; IM; qualif permitted
MS = Herbivorous leaping mammals of Australia, New Guinea, and adjacent islands.
UI = D007614
Kansas
UI = D007615
Kaolin
AN = an antidiarrheal
MS = The most common mineral of a group of hydrated aluminum silicates, approximately H2Al2Si2O8-H2O. It is prepared for pharmaceutical and medicinal purposes by levigating with water to remove sand, etc. (From Merck Index, 11th ed) The name is derived from Kao-ling (Chinese: "high ridge"), the original site. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)
UI = D007616
Kaposi Varicelliform Eruption
AN = caused by Simplexvirus or vaccinia virus
MS = A generalized vesiculopustular eruption of viral origin, superimposed upon a preexisting atopic dermatitis. It may be caused by herpes simplex virus (HERPESVIRUS HOMINIS) (eczema herpeticum) or VACCINIA VIRUS (eczema vaccinatum). (Dorland, 27th ed)
UI = D007617
Karaya Gum
AN = a cathartic & excipient; /biosyn permitted if by plant
MS = Polysaccharide gum from Sterculia urens, an Indian tree; it is used as suspending or stabilizing agent in foods, cosmetics and pharmaceuticals; also as bulk-forming laxative, surgical lubricant and adhesive and in the treatment of skin ulcers.
UI = D007618
Karnofsky Performance Status
AN = to determine prognosis of cancer ther
MS = A performance measure for rating the ability of a person to perform usual activities, evaluating a patient's progress after a therapeutic procedure, and determining a patient's suitability for therapy. It is used most commonly in the prognosis of cancer therapy, usually after chemotherapy and customarily administered before and after therapy. It was named for Dr. David A. Karnofsky, an American specialist in cancer chemotherapy.
UI = D017567
Kartagener's Syndrome
AN = situs inversus, bronchiectasis & sinusitis; do not use /congen & do not coord with INFANT, NEWBORN, DISEASES CATALOG: do not use /in inf
MS = An inherited disorder involving a combination of situs inversus, bronchiectasis, and sinusitis.
UI = D007619
Karyometry
AN = NIM
UI = D007620
Karyotyping
AN = NIM
MS = Mapping of the full chromosome set of the nucleus of a cell. The chromosome characteristics of an individual or a cell line are usually presented as a systematized array of metaphase chromosomes from a photomicrograph of a single cell nucleus arranged in pairs in descending order of size and according to the position of the centromere. (From Stedman, 25th ed)
UI = D007621
Kassinin
AN = a neurotransmitter amphibian tachykinin; /biosyn /physiol permitted
MS = Dodecapeptide tachykinin found in the central nervous system of the amphibian Kassina senegalensis. It is similar in structure and action to other tachykinins, but is especially effective in contracting smooth muscle tissue and stimulating the micturition reflex.
UI = D015286
Kazakhstan
AN = use this spelling in translations
UI = D007623
KB Cells
AN = almost never IM; no qualif when NIM, A 11 qualif when IM; check HUMAN but do not add NASOPHARYNGEAL NEOPLASMS
MS = A cell line derived from a human carcinoma of the nasopharynx, used as an assay for antineoplastic agents.
UI = D007624
Kearns Syndrome
AN = a type of ophthalmoplegia with cardiomyopathy & retinitis pigmentosa
MS = A triad of progressive external ophthalmoplegia, cardiomyopathy, and retinitis pigmentosa.
UI = D007625
Kell Blood-Group System
AN = IM; coord with disease /blood (IM), not /immunol nor /genet; TN 230
MS = Multiple erythrocytic antigens that comprise at least three pairs of alternates and amorphs, determined by one complex gene or possibly several genes at closely linked loci. The system is important in transfusion reactions. Its expression involves the X-chromosome.
UI = D007626
Keloid
AN = spreads to surrounding tissue: do not confuse with CICATRIX, HYPERTROPHIC which does not; follow text of author; ACNE KELOID is also available
MS = A sharply elevated, irregularly shaped, progressively enlarging scar resulting from formation of excessive amounts of collagen in the dermis during connective tissue repair. It is differentiated from a hypertrophic scar (CICATRIX, HYPERTROPHIC) in that the former does not spread to surrounding tissues.
UI = D007627
Kemerovo Virus
AN = a species of Orbivirus; Kemerovo is in Asiatic Russia; infection: coord IM with REOVIRIDAE INFECTIONS (IM)
MS = A species of antigenically related tick-borne viruses found in Eastern Europe, Egypt, and Sudan.
UI = D007628
Kentucky
UI = D007629
Kenya
AN = a republic in eastern Africa
MS = A republic in eastern Africa, south of ETHIOPIA and east of SOMALIA. Its capital is Nairobi. The region was organized as the British East Africa Protectorate in 1895, became a British colony in 1920, became independent in 1963, and became a republic in 1964. It took its name from Mount Kenya which probably meant simply mountain. (From Webster's New Geographical Dictionary, 1988, p601 & Room, Brewer's Dictionary of Names, 1992, p282)
UI = D007630
Keratan Sulfate
AN = /biosyn /physiol permitted
MS = A sulfated mucopolysaccharide initially isolated from bovine cornea. At least two types are known. Type I, found mostly in the cornea, contains D-galactose and D-glucosamine-6-O-sulfate as the repeating unit; type II, found in skeletal tissues, contains D-galactose and D-galactosamine-6-O-sulfate as the repeating unit.
UI = D007632
Keratectomy, Photorefractive, Excimer Laser
AN = a form of laser surg in myopia & astigmatism; DF: PRK
MS = A type of refractive surgery of the cornea to correct myopia and astigmatism, using an excimer laser. An excimer laser is a laser containing a noble gas, such as helium or neon, which is based on a transition between an excited state in which a metastable bond exists between two gas atoms and a rapidly dissociating ground state. The extremely precise laser light reshapes the surface of the cornea without making an incision. This procedure can reduce much higher degrees of myopia than radial keratotomy (KERATOTOMY, RADIAL), although it generally takes longer for vision to clear. (From In Focus 1994;1(2):3 and McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed, p675)
UI = D018903
Keratin
AN = a scleroprotein; /biosyn /physiol permitted
MS = A class of fibrous proteins or scleroproteins important both as structural proteins and as keys to the study of protein conformation. The family represents the principal constituent of epidermis, hair, nails, horny tissues, and the organic matrix of tooth enamel. Two major conformational groups have been characterized, alpha-keratin, whose peptide backbone forms an alpha-helix, and beta-keratin, whose backbone forms a zigzag or pleated sheet structure.
UI = D007633
Keratinocytes
AN = epidermal cells synthesizing keratin; A 11 qualif
MS = Epidermal cells which synthesize keratin and undergo characteristic changes as they move upward from the basal layers of the epidermis to the cornified (horny) layer of the skin. Successive stages of differentiation of the keratinocytes forming the epidermal layers are basal cell, spinous or prickle cell, and the granular cell.
UI = D015603
Keratitis
AN = inflamm of cornea; GEN or unspecified; prefer specifics
MS = Inflammation of the cornea.
UI = D007634
Keratitis, Dendritic
AN = a form of herpetic keratitis with dendritic (branching) ulcers
MS = A form of herpetic keratitis characterized by the formation of small vesicles which break down and coalesce to form recurring dendritic ulcers, characteristically irregular, linear, branching, and ending in knoblike extremities. (Dictionary of Visual Science, 3d ed)
UI = D007635
Keratitis, Herpetic
AN = herpes simplex of the cornea
MS = A superficial, epithelial Herpesvirus hominis infection of the cornea, characterized by the presence of small vesicles which may break down and coalesce to form dendritic ulcers (KERATITIS, DENDRITIC). (Dictionary of Visual Science, 3d ed)
UI = D016849
Keratoacanthoma
AN = note category: non-neoplastic; coord IM with precoord organ/dis term (IM); do not confuse with ACANTHAMOEBA KERATITIS
MS = A benign, non-neoplastic, usually self-limiting epithelial lesion closely resembling squamous cell carcinoma clinically and histopathologically. It occurs in solitary, multiple, and eruptive forms. The solitary and multiple forms occur on sunlight exposed areas and are identical histologically; they affect primarily white males. The eruptive form usually involves both sexes and appears as a generalized papular eruption.
UI = D007636
Keratoconjunctivitis
AN = inflamm of cornea & conjunctiva
MS = Simultaneous inflammation of the cornea and conjunctiva.
UI = D007637
Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca
AN = if with xerostomia or xerostomia & connective tissue dis, index as SJOGREN'S SYNDROME
MS = Drying and inflammation of the conjunctiva as a result of insufficient lacrimal secretion. When found in association with XEROSTOMIA and polyarthritis, it is called SJOGREN'S SYNDROME.
UI = D007638
Keratoconjunctivitis, Infectious
AN = animal only; check tag ANIMAL; coord IM with organism/infect heading /vet (IM); DF: KERATOCONJUNCTIVITIS INFECT
MS = Infectious diseases of cattle, sheep, and goats, characterized by blepharospasm, lacrimation, conjunctivitis, and varying degrees of corneal opacity and ulceration. In cattle the causative agent is MORAXELLA (MORAXELLA) BOVIS; in sheep, MYCOPLASMA, RICKETTSIA, CHLAMYDIA, or ACHOLEPLASMA; in goats, RICKETTSIA.
UI = D007639
Keratoconus
AN = cone-shaped protrusion of cornea
MS = A noninflammatory, usually bilateral protrusion of the cornea, the apex being displaced downward and nasally. It occurs most commonly in females at about puberty. The cause is unknown but hereditary factors may play a role. The -conus refers to the cone shape of the corneal protrusion. (From Dorland, 27th ed)
UI = D007640
Keratoderma, Palmoplantar, Diffuse
AN = do not confuse with KERATODERMA, PALMOPLANTAR
MS = An autosomal dominant disorder characterized by a widely distributed, well-demarcated hyperkeratosis of the palms and soles. There is more than one genotypically distinct form, each of which is clinically similar but histologically distinguishable. Diffuse palmoplantar keratoderma is distinct from palmoplantar keratoderma (KERATODERMA, PALMOPLANTAR), as the former exhibits autosomal dominant inheritance and hyperhidrosis is frequently present.
UI = D015776
Keratolytic Agents
AN = GEN or unspecified; prefer specifics
MS = Agents that soften, separate, and cause desquamation of the cornified epithelium or horny layer of skin. They are used to expose mycelia of infecting fungi or to treat corns, warts, and certain other skin diseases.
UI = D007641
Keratoplasty, Penetrating
AN = do not use /util except by MeSH definition
MS = Partial or total replacement of all layers of a central portion of the cornea.
UI = D015948
Keratosis
AN = a horny skin dis
MS = Any horny growth such as a wart or callus.
UI = D007642
Keratosis Follicularis
MS = A slowly progressive autosomal dominant disorder of keratinization characterized by pinkish-to-tan papules that coalesce to form plaques. These lesions become darker over time and commonly fuse, forming papillomatous and warty malodorous growths.
UI = D007644
Keratosis, Seborrheic
MS = Benign eccrine poromas that present as multiple oval, brown-to-black plaques, located mostly on the chest and back. The age of onset is usually in the fourth or fifth decade.
UI = D017492
Keratoderma, Palmoplantar
AN = do not confuse with KERATODERMA, PALMOPLANTAR, DIFFUSE or with POROKERATOSIS PALMARIS ET PLANTARIS see POROKERATOSIS; note X-ref HYPERKERATOSIS PALMARIS ET PLANTARIS
MS = Group of mostly hereditary disorders characterized by thickening of the palms and soles as a result of excessive keratin formation leading to hypertrophy of the stratum corneum (hyperkeratosis).
UI = D007645
Keratotomy, Radial
AN = do not use /util except by MeSH definition
MS = A procedure to treat myopia by cutting radial slits into the cornea to flatten it and thereby change its refractive properties.
UI = D007646
Kernicterus
AN = high levels of blood bilirubin & CNS pathol; do not use /congen & do not coord with INFANT, NEWBORN, DISEASES CATALOG: do not use /in inf
MS = A condition characterized by high levels of nonconjugated bilirubin in the blood with biliary pigmentation of certain nuclei in the brain and spinal cord and frequently resulting in cerebral palsy, mental retardation, and hearing deficit. It is commonly a sequel to icterus gravis neonatorum.
UI = D007647
Kerosene
MS = A refined petroleum fraction used as a fuel as well as a solvent.
UI = D007648
Ketamine
MS = A cyclohexanone derivative used for induction of anesthesia. Its mechanism of action is not well understood, but ketamine can block NMDA receptors (RECEPTORS, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE) and may interact with sigma receptors.
UI = D007649
Ketanserin
AN = a serotonin antag & antihypertensive
MS = A selective serotonin receptor antagonist with weak adrenergic receptor blocking properties. The drug is effective in lowering blood pressure in essential hypertension. It also inhibits platelet aggregation. It is well tolerated and is particularly effective in older patients.
UI = D007650
Keto Acids
UI = D007651
Ketocholesterols
AN = /biosyn /physiol permitted
MS = Cholesterol substituted in any position by a keto moiety. The 7-keto isomer inhibits 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase activity and inhibits cholesterol uptake in the coronary arteries and aorta in vitro.
UI = D007653
Ketoconazole
AN = an antifungal
MS = Broad spectrum antifungal agent used for long periods at high doses, especially in immunosuppressed patients.
UI = D007654
Ketoglutarate Dehydrogenase Complex
UI = D007655
Ketoglutaric Acids
MS = A family of compounds containing an oxo group with the general structure of 1,5-pentanedioic acid. (From Lehninger, Principles of Biochemistry, 1982, p442)
UI = D007656
Ketone Bodies
AN = acetonemia, acetonuria, ketonemia & ketonuria go here; ketogenesis is probably KETONE BODIES /biosyn
MS = The substances beta-hydroxybutyric acid, acetoacetic acid, and acetone, which are produced by fatty acid and carbohydrate metabolism in the liver in approximately a 78:20:2 ratio. Acetoacetate is produced from acetyl-CoA. Most is enzymatically converted to beta-ketobutyrate, but a small amount is spontaneously decarboxylated to acetone. The ketone bodies can be used as fuels by muscle and brain tissue. In starvation and uncontrolled diabetes mellitus, large quantities are produced, causing metabolic acidosis and elevated blood and urine levels of all three ketone bodies. (Dorland, 28th ed)
UI = D007657
Ketone Oxidoreductases
UI = D007658
Ketones
AN = KETO ACIDS & KETOSES are also available; ketonemia & ketonuria go under KETONE BODIES; ketogenesis is probably KETONE BODIES /biosyn
UI = D007659
Ketoprofen
AN = a cyclooxygenase inhib & non-steroidal anti-inflamm agent
MS = 3-Benzoyl-alpha-methylbenzeneacetic acid. An IBUPROFEN-type anti-inflammatory analgesic and antipyretic. It is used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis.
UI = D007660
6-Ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha
AN = a prostaglandin F; /biosyn /physiol permitted; DF: note short X ref
MS = The physiologically active and stable hydrolysis product of EPOPROSTENOL. Found in nearly all mammalian tissue.
UI = D015121
Ketoses
AN = monosaccharides; do not confuse with KETOSIS, a disease
UI = D007661
Ketosis
AN = high levels of ketone bodies; do not confuse with KETOSES (monosaccharides)
MS = A condition characterized by an abnormally elevated concentration of ketone bodies in the body tissues and fluids. It is a complication of diabetes mellitus and starvation. (Dorland, 27th ed)
UI = D007662
Ketosteroids
AN = /physiol permitted
MS = Steroid derivatives formed by oxidation of a methyl group on the side chain or a methylene group in the ring skeleton to form a ketone.
UI = D007664
17-Ketosteroids
AN = adrenal cortex hormones
MS = Steroids that contain a ketone group at position 17.
UI = D015068
Ketotifen
AN = a histamine H1 antag
MS = A cycloheptathiophene that interferes with the release of inflammatory mediators and blocks histamine H1 receptors. It has been proposed as an anti-asthmatic and for the treatment of rhinitis, skin allergies, and anaphylaxis.
UI = D007665
Khellin
AN = a vasodilator
MS = A vasodilator that also has bronchodilatory action. It has been employed in the treatment of angina pectoris, in the treatment of asthma, and in conjunction with ultraviolet light A, has been tried in the treatment of vitiligo. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1024)
UI = D007666
Ki-67 Antigen
AN = a tumor marker
MS = A cell cycle and tumor growth marker which can be readily detected using immunocytochemistry methods. Ki-67 is a nuclear antigen present only in the nuclei of cycling cells.
UI = D019394
Kidd Blood-Group System
AN = IM; coord with disease /blood (IM), not /immunol nor /genet; TN 230
MS = A group of antigens consisting principally of Jk(a) and Jk(b), determined by allelic genes. Amorphs are encountered. Antibodies of these substances are usually weak and quite labile, stimulated by erythrocytes.
UI = D007667
Kidney
AN = kidney tissue or cells in cultures: Manual 18.6.15, 18.7.2, 26.23+; fetal or embryonic kidney tissue or cells in culture: do not use /embryol with KIDNEY; /blood supply: consider also RENAL CIRCULATION; /radionuclide: consider RADIOISOTOPE RENOGRAPHY, a specific kidney function test (see note there); /surg: consider NEPHRECTOMY; /transpl = KIDNEY TRANSPLANTATION: do not coord with TRANSPLANTATION, HOMOLOGOUS unless particularly discussed; cyst = KIDNEY, CYSTIC but KIDNEY, POLYCYSTIC is also available; inflammation = NEPHRITIS; Goldblatt kidney = HYPERTENSION, GOLDBLATT see HYPERTENSION, RENOVASCULAR; nephrostomy: consider NEPHROSTOMY, PERCUTANEOUS (see MeSH definition) CATALOG: form qualif permitted
UI = D007668
Kidney Calculi
AN = chem composition of calculi: use /chem; /ultrastruct permitted
MS = Calculi occurring in the kidney. Calculi too large to pass spontaneously range in size from 1 cm to the staghorn stones that occupy the renal pelvis and calyces. Bilateral renal calculi cause additional problems, with infection a common occurrence.
UI = D007669
Kidney Calices
AN = a part of the kidney pelvis
MS = Recesses of the kidney pelvis which divides into two wide, cup-shaped major renal calices, with each major calix subdivided into 7 to 14 minor calices. Urine empties into a minor calix from collecting tubules, then passes through the major calix, renal pelvis, and ureter to enter the urinary bladder. (From Moore, Clinically Oriented Anatomy, 3d ed, p211)
UI = D007670
Kidney Concentrating Ability
MS = The ability of the kidney to excrete in the urine high concentrations of solutes from the blood plasma.
UI = D007671
Kidney Cortex
MS = The outer part of the substance of the kidney, composed mainly of glomeruli and convoluted tubules. (Dorland, 27th ed)
UI = D007672
Kidney Cortex Necrosis
MS = The death of all the functioning renal cells of the kidney cortex with continued viability of the majority of the medullary units. It is due usually to the arterial distribution peculiar to the kidney which makes the renal cortex more susceptible to diminished blood flow.
UI = D007673
Kidney Diseases
AN = GEN or unspecified: prefer specifics; inflamm dis = NEPHRITIS; consider diseases under NEPHR- & RENAL; cyst = KIDNEY, CYSTIC but KIDNEY, POLYCYSTIC is also available; "renal failure" not specified as "acute" or "chronic": check text for clues in notes under KIDNEY FAILURE, ACUTE & KIDNEY FAILURE, CHRONIC & if not able to determine, index as KIDNEY DISEASES CATALOG: form qualif permitted
UI = D007674
Kidney Failure
AN = for renal failure unspecified as "acute" (KIDNEY FAILURE, ACUTE) or "chronic" (KIDNEY FAILURE, CHRONIC) but check text for clues at those annotations
MS = The inability of a kidney to excrete metabolites at normal plasma levels under conditions of normal loading, or the inability to retain electrolytes under conditions of normal intake. In the acute form (KIDNEY FAILURE, ACUTE), it is marked by uremia and usually by oliguria or anuria, with hyperkalemia and pulmonary edema. The chronic form (KIDNEY FAILURE, CHRONIC) is irreversible and requires hemodialysis.
UI = D017095
Kidney Failure, Acute
AN = clues for indexing: check text for see related refs shown here or pois or trauma or "reversible"
MS = A clinical syndrome characterized by a sudden decrease in glomerular filtration rate, often to values of less than 1 to 2 ml per minute. It is usually associated with oliguria (urine volumes of less than 400 ml per day) and is always associated with biochemical consequences of the reduction in glomerular filtration rate such as a rise in blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and serum creatinine concentrations.
UI = D007675
Kidney Failure, Chronic
AN = clues for indexing: check text for see related refs shown here & proteinuria or possible transpl or "irreversible"; DF: note short X ref
MS = An irreversible and usually progressive reduction in renal function in which both kidneys have been damaged by a variety of diseases to the extent that they are unable to adequately remove the metabolic products from the blood and regulate the body's electrolyte composition and acid-base balance. Chronic kidney failure requires HEMODIALYSIS or surgery, usually KIDNEY TRANSPLANTATION.
UI = D007676
Kidney Function Tests
UI = D007677
Kidney Glomerulus
AN = "minimal change glomerular disease" = NEPHROSIS, LIPOID
MS = Globular tufts of capillaries, one projecting into the expanded end or capsule of each of the uriniferous tubules, which together with its surrounding capsule (glomerular capsule) constitute the renal corpuscle. (Dorland, 27th ed)
UI = D007678
Kidney Medulla
MS = The internal portion of the kidney, consisting of striated conical masses, the renal pyramids, whose bases are adjacent to the cortex and whose apices form prominent papillae projecting into the lumen of the minor calyces.
UI = D007679
Kidney Neoplasms
AN = /blood supply /chem /second /secret /ultrastruct permitted; coord IM with histol type neopl (IM)
MS = Neoplasms or tumors of the kidney. Renal cell carcinoma is the most common neoplastic lesion of the kidney, accounting for approximately 85% of all kidney neoplasms. The vast majority of these tumors are adenocarcinoma.
UI = D007680
Kidney Papillary Necrosis
MS = A form of acute kidney disease characterized by necrosis of the renal papillae. It is most frequently associated with diabetes mellitus because of the severe vascular disease present in the arteries and capillaries, particularly in the kidney. There is usually a large component of infection present, and in non-diabetics pyelonephritis and obstructive uropathy are the usual etiologic agents.
UI = D007681
Kidney Pelvis
AN = do not confuse with pelvic kidney ( = KIDNEY /abnorm); inflammation = PYELITIS; nephrostomy: consider NEPHROSTOMY, PERCUTANEOUS (see MeSH definition)
MS = The expansion from the upper end of the ureter into which the calices of the kidney (KIDNEY CALICES) open. (From Dorland, 27th ed)
UI = D007682
Kidney, Polycystic, Autosomal Dominant
AN = non-neoplastic; /blood supply /chem /secret /ultrastruct permitted; DF: KPAD CATALOG: do not use /in inf
MS = A genetic disorder with autosomal dominant inheritance characterized by multiple cysts in both kidneys and progressive deterioration of renal function. It is usually caused by a mutant gene at the PKD1 locus on the short arm of chromosome 16, though mutations elsewhere in the genome can also cause the disease. The age of onset of symptoms varies widely.
UI = D016891
Kidney, Polycystic, Autosomal Recessive
AN = non-neoplastic; /blood supply /chem /secret /ultrastruct permitted; DF: KPAR CATALOG: do not use /in inf
MS = Rare genetic disorder with autosomal recessive inheritance characterized by multiple cysts in both kidneys and associated hepatic lesions. Serious manifestations are usually present at birth and there is high perinatal mortality.
UI = D017044
Kidney Transplantation
AN = do not use /util except by MeSH definition; do not coord with TRANSPLANTATION, HOMOLOGOUS unless particularly discussed
MS = The transference of a kidney from one human or animal to another.
UI = D016030
Kidney Tubular Necrosis, Acute
AN = a type of acute renal failure
MS = Acute kidney failure resulting from destruction of tubular epithelial cells. It is commonly attributed to exposure to toxic agents or renal ischemia following severe trauma.
UI = D007683
Kidney Tubules
UI = D007684
Kidney Tubules, Collecting
MS = Straight tubes commencing in the radiate part of the kidney cortex where they receive the curved ends of the distal convoluted tubules. In the medulla the collecting tubules of each pyramid converge to join a central tube (duct of Bellini) which opens on the summit of the papilla.
UI = D007685
Kidney Tubules, Distal
AN = "ascending tubules"
UI = D007686
Kidney Tubules, Proximal
AN = "descending tubules"
UI = D007687
Kidney, Artificial
AN = /psychol permitted
MS = Device(s) which can substitute for normally functioning kidneys in cleansing the blood.
UI = D007688
Kidney, Cystic
AN = non-neoplastic; differentiate from KIDNEY, POLYCYSTIC; /blood supply /chem /secret /ultrastruct permitted
MS = A kidney containing one or more cysts, including polycystic disease (KIDNEY, POLYCYSTIC), solitary cyst, multiple simple cysts, and retention cysts (associated with parenchymal scarring). (Stedman, 25th ed)
UI = D007689
Kidney, Polycystic
AN = non-neoplastic; differentiate from KIDNEY, CYSTIC; /blood supply /chem /secret /ultrastruct permitted CATALOG: do not use /in inf
MS = Kidney whose tissue is displaced by a large number of tightly packed cysts so that cystic volume predominates over the solid parts to a considerable degree.
UI = D007690
Kidney, Sponge
AN = a type of cystic kidney; non-neoplastic
MS = Cystic disease of the medullary portion of the renal pyramids; asymptomatic unless complicated by infection, calculi, or obstruction; should be distinguished from congenital polycystic disease of the kidneys.
UI = D007691
Kieselguhr
AN = a form of silicon dioxide; from German for flint (kiesel) + earthy sediment in water (guhr); composed of skeletons of prehistoric aquatic plants; an absorbent
MS = Kieselguhr. A soft, bulky, solid material (88% silica) composed of skeletons of small prehistoric aquatic plants related to algae (diatoms). It can absorb 1.5-4 times its weight in water. (From Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, 11th ed)
UI = D007692
Killer Cells
AN = lymphocytes, monocytes, macrophages or polynuclear leukocytes mediating ANTIBODY-DEPENDENT CELL CYTOTOXICITY; A 11 qualif; subpopulations: coord IM with LYMPHOCYTE SUBSETS (IM)
MS = Lymphocyte-like effector cells which mediate antibody-dependent cell cytotoxicity. They kill antibody-coated target cells which they bind with their Fc receptors.
UI = D007693
Killer Cells, Lymphokine-Activated
AN = A 11 qualif; subpopulations: coord IM with LYMPHOCYTE SUBSETS (IM); DF: note short X ref
MS = Cytolytic lymphocytes with the unique capacity of killing natural killer (NK)-resistant fresh tumor cells. They are interleukin-2-activated NK cells that have no MHC (major histocompatibility complex) restriction or need for antigen stimulation. LAK cells are used for adoptive immunotherapy in cancer patients.
UI = D015979
Killer Cells, Natural
AN = cells spontaneously cytotoxic to tumor cells; A 11 qualif; subpopulations: coord IM with LYMPHOCYTE SUBSETS (IM)
MS = Cells responsible for spontaneous cytotoxicity of a variety of tumor cells without prior immunization. These natural killer cells are found in non-immune humans and experimental animals and are thought by some to be the same as KILLER CELLS (killing by antibody-dependent cell cytotoxicity), but they can also kill in the absence of antibody.
UI = D007694
Killifish
AN = popular in mosquito control; "killi-" is probably from "kill" meaning channel or stream; IM; qualif permitted
MS = Small oviparous fishes usually striped or barred black. They are much used in mosquito control.
UI = D007695
Kindling (Neurology)
AN = DF: KINDLING
MS = A phenomenon in which there is a relatively profound alteration in brain function resulting from repeated electrical or chemical stimulation and culminating in the appearance of electrographic and behavioral convulsions whenever the stimulus is re-applied. It is used as an experimental model for epilepsy.
UI = D007696
p42(Mapk) Kinase
MS = A proline-directed serine/threonine kinase which mediates signal transduction from the cell surface to the nucleus. Activation of the enzyme by phosphorylation leads to translocation into the nucleus and phosphorylation of certain transcription factors. EC 2.7.10.-.
UI = D019950
Kinesics
AN = no qualif; do not confuse with KINETICS or KINESIS: kinesics = "use of posture or gesture for communication"
MS = Systematic study of the body and the use of its static and dynamic position as a means of communication.
UI = D007697
Kinesin
AN = a microtubule-associated protein
MS = A microtubule-associated mechanical adenosine triphosphatase, that uses the energy of ATP hydrolysis to move organelles along microtubules toward the plus end of the microtubule. The protein is found in squid axoplasm, optic lobes, and in bovine brain. Bovine kinesin is a heterotetramer composed of two heavy (120 kDa) and two light (62 kDa) chains. EC 3.6.1.-.
UI = D016547
Kinesiology, Applied
AN = a type of alternative med; do not confuse with KINESIS, KINETICS or KINESTHESIS; DF: KINESIOL APPLIED
MS = The study of muscles and the movement of the human body. In holistic medicine it is the balance of movement and the interaction of a person's energy systems. Applied kinesiology is the name given by its inventor, Dr. George Goodheart, to the system of applying muscle testing diagnostically and therapeutically to different aspects of health care. (Thorsons Introductory Guide to Kinesiology, 1992, p13)
UI = D018953
Kinesis
AN = do not confuse with KINETICS or KINESICS
MS = Locomotor behavior not involving a steering reaction, but in which there may be a turning random in direction. It includes orthokinesis, the rate of movement and klinokinesis, the amount of turning, which are related to the intensity of stimulation.
UI = D007698
Kinesthesis
AN = TN 129: definition & relation to MOTION PERCEPTION
MS = The sense by which muscular motion, weight, position, etc., are perceived.
UI = D007699
Kinetics
AN = a principle of mechanics; almost never IM; no qualif; do not confuse with KINESICS ("use of posture or gesture for communication") or KINESIS (a form of movement); pharmacokinetics of chemicals and drugs is PHARMACOKINETICS or better, specific drug term /pharmacokin
MS = The branch of dynamics that pertains to the turnover or rate of change of a specific factor (e.g., erythrocytes - erythrokinetics, leukocytes - leukokinetics, iron - ferrokinetics), commonly expressed as units of amount per unit time. (Dorland, 28th ed)
UI = D007700
Kinetins
AN = a plant growth regulator
MS = Cell division factors found in various plant parts and in yeast and used as plant growth regulators.
UI = D007701
Kinetocardiography
AN = /drug eff /rad eff permitted; do not use /util except by MeSH definition; DF: KINETOCARDIOGR
MS = The technique of graphically recording the slow vibrations of the anterior chest wall in the region of the heart, the vibrations representing the absolute motion of the heart at a given point on the chest. (Dorland, 27th ed)
UI = D007702
Kinetochores
AN = A 11 qualif except /cytol
MS = Large multiprotein complexes that bind the centromeres of the chromosomes to the microtubules of the mitotic spindle during metaphase in the cell cycle.
UI = D018386
Kinetofragminophorea
AN = a class of CILIOPHORA (formerly CILIATA)
MS = A class of ciliate protozoa. Prominent cytopharyngeal apparatus is characteristic of this class as is only a slight distinction between oral and somatic cilia.
UI = D016799
Kinetoplastida
AN = an order of protozoa
MS = An order of flagellate protozoa. Characteristics include the presence of one or two flagella arising from a depression in the cell body and a single mitochondrion that extends the length of the body.
UI = D016830
Kingella
AN = bacterium of upper resp mucous membranes; infection: coord IM with NEISSERIACEAE INFECTIONS (IM)
MS = A genus of gram-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped bacteria whose organisms are part of the normal flora of the mucous membranes of the upper respiratory tract. Some species are pathogenic for man.
UI = D017881
Kingella kingae
AN = formerly called Moraxella kingae; infection: coord IM with NEISSERIACEAE INFECTIONS (IM)
MS = A species of gram-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped bacteria. The most commonly diagnosed infections due to this organism are endocarditis and septic arthritis. There have also been, however, isolated reports of bacteremia, discitis, abscesses, meningitis, and oropharyngeal infections.
UI = D017882
King's Evil
AN = = scrofula in hist articles only: differentiate from SCROFULA see TUBERCULOSIS, LYMPH NODE which is restricted to scrofula in modern clin med
MS = The historic designation for scrofula (TUBERCULOSIS, LYMPH NODE). The disease is so called from the belief that it could be healed by the touch of a king. This term is used only for historical articles using the name "king's evil", and is to be differentiated from scrofula as lymph node tuberculosis in modern clinical medicine. (From Webster, 3d ed)
UI = D018601
Kininogen, High-Molecular-Weight
AN = DF: HMWK
MS = A plasma protein, molecular weight of 110 kD, that normally exists in plasma in a 1:1 complex with PREKALLIKREIN. HMWK is split by plasma kallikrein to produce BRADYKININ. The complex is a cofactor in the activation of coagulation factor XII. The product of this reaction, XIIa, in turn activates prekallikrein to KALLIKREIN. (From Stedman, 26th ed)
UI = D019679
Kininogen, Low-Molecular-Weight
AN = DF: LMWK
MS = A protein, molecular weight 50 kD, located in various normal tissues. Upon cleavage by KALLIKREIN or other kallikreins, it forms KALLIDIN. Kallidin, in turn, is converted into BRADYKININ. (From Stedman, 25th ed)
UI = D019728
Kininogens
AN = cysteine proteinase inhib; /drug eff /physiol permitted
MS = Endogenous peptides present in most body fluids. Certain enzymes convert them to active KININS which are involved in inflammation, blood clotting, complement reactions, etc. Kininogens belong to the cystatin superfamily. They are cysteine proteinase inhibitors. HIGH-MOLECULAR-WEIGHT KININOGEN (HMWK) is split by plasma kallikrein to produce BRADYKININ. LOW-MOLECULAR-WEIGHT KININOGEN (LMWK) is split by tissue kallikrein to produce KALLIDIN.
UI = D007704
Kinins
AN = a group of polypeptide autacoids
MS = A generic term used to describe a group of polypeptides with related chemical structures and pharmacological properties that are widely distributed in nature. These peptides are AUTACOIDS that act locally to produce pain, vasodilatation, increased vascular permeability, and the synthesis of prostaglandins. Thus, they comprise a subset of the large number of mediators that contribute to the inflammatory response. (From Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacologic Basis of Therapeutics, 8th ed, p588)
UI = D007705
Kinky Hair Syndrome
AN = disord of intestinal copper absorp with ment retard & kinky hair; do not use /congen & do not coord with INFANT, NEWBORN, DISEASES CATALOG: do not use /in inf
MS = An X-linked inherited disease with disturbance of intestinal absorption of copper, causing growth retardation, pili torti, progressive cerebral degeneration, mental retardation, and other abnormalities.
UI = D007706
Kitasamycin
AN = a macrolide antibiotic; do not use /biosyn unless by living matter; do not confuse X ref LEUCOMYCIN see KITASAMYCIN with LEUCOMYCINS
MS = A macrolide antibiotic produced by Streptomyces kitasatoensis. The drug has antimicrobial activity against a wide spectrum of pathogens.
UI = D015939
Klatskin's Tumor
AN = blood supply /chem /second /secret /ultrastruct permitted; coord IM with HEPATIC DUCT, COMMON (IM) + BILE DUCT NEOPLASMS (IM)
MS = Adenocarcinoma of the common hepatic duct bifurcation. These tumors are generally small, sharply localized, and seldom metastasizing. G. Klatskin's original review of 13 cases was published in 1965. Once thought to be relatively uncommon, tumors of the bifurcation of the bile duct now appear to comprise more than one-half of all bile duct cancers. (From Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, p1457)
UI = D018285
Kleine-Levin Syndrome
AN = hyperphagia with hypersomnia
MS = A rare form of periodic hypersomnia associated with hyperphagia occurring in males 10 to 25 years old, characterized by periods of ravenous appetite alternating with prolonged sleep (as long as 18 hours), along with behavioral disturbances, impaired thought processes, and hallucinations. Acute illness or fatigue may precede an episode which may occur as often as several times a year. (Stedman, 25th ed)
UI = D017593
Knowledge
AN = restrict to knowledge as an abstract or philosophical concept, as "transmission of knowledge"; do not use as coord for knowledge of specific subjects as "fuller use of our knowledge about children"; will figure largely in hist articles & hist contexts; "medical knowledge" is probably MEDICINE & not here
MS = The body of truths or facts accumulated in the course of time, the cumulated sum of information, its volume and nature, in any civilization, period, or country.
UI = D019359
Korarchaeota
AN = a kingdom of Archaea
MS = A kingdom in the domain ARCHAEA, comprising thermophilic organisms from the hot spring Obsidian Pool (Yellowstone National Park) that are among the most primitive of all life forms. They have undergone comparatively little evolutionary change since the last common ancestor of all extant life. (From ASM News, 1996; 62(9):468-9)
UI = D019708
Koro
AN = a depersonalization disord; do not confuse with KURU, a neurol dis; specify ethnic group (IM) if pertinent; check tag MALE
MS = A culture-specific acute delusional syndrome occurring mostly in the Malay people and Southern Chinese. The syndrome is characterized by the individual's sudden experience of depersonalization depicted by the belief that his penis is shrinking into his abdomen and that he will die when this occurs. Although generally classified as a culture-specific syndrome, koro may be no more than a variant of castration anxiety (ANXIETY, CASTRATION) as it has been described in non-Asian patients.
UI = D016911
Kirsten Sarcoma Virus
AN = a defective species of the genus Sarcoma Viruses, Murine; infection: coord IM with RETROVIRIDAE INFECTIONS (IM) + TUMOR VIRUS INFECTIONS (IM) + SARCOMA, EXPERIMENTAL (IM)
MS = A replication-defective murine sarcoma virus (SARCOMA VIRUSES, MURINE) capable of transforming mouse lymphoid cells and producing erythroid leukemia after superinfection with murine leukemia viruses. It has also been found to transform cultured human fibroblasts, rat liver epithelial cells, and rat adrenocortical cells.
UI = D007708
Klebsiella
AN = infection = KLEBSIELLA INFECTIONS
MS = A genus of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria whose organisms arrange singly, in pairs, or short chains. This genus is commonly found in the intestinal tract and is an opportunistic pathogen that can give rise to bacteremia, pneumonia, urinary tract and several other types of human infection.
UI = D007709
Klebsiella Infections
AN = gram-neg bact infect; coord IM with various species (IM)
MS = Infections with bacteria of the genus KLEBSIELLA.
UI = D007710
Klebsiella pneumoniae
AN = infection: coord IM with KLEBSIELLA INFECTIONS (IM)
MS = Gram-negative, non-motile, capsulated, gas-producing rods found widely in nature and associated with urinary and respiratory infections in man.
UI = D007711
Klebsiella rhinoscleromatis
AN = infection = probably RHINOSCLEROMA but if not, coord IM with KLEBSIELLA INFECTIONS (IM)
MS = A gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacterium found consistently and exclusively in patients with RHINOSCLEROMA and their contacts.
UI = D007712
Klinefelter's Syndrome
AN = hypogonadism in males; do not use /congen & do not coord with INFANT, NEWBORN, DISEASES; = classic karyotype XXY; index here karyotypes XXXY, XXXXY, XXYY, XXXYY, XX/XXY, XX/YY, XY/XXY, XXY/XXXY, XXY/XXYY, XY/XXY/XXXY if called Klinefelter's syndrome by author but if not so named by author, index under SEX CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITIES CATALOG: do not use /in inf
MS = A condition characterized by small testes with hyalinization of the seminiferous tubules, variable degrees of masculinization, azoospermia and infertility, and increased urinary excretion of gonadotropin. Patients tend to be tall, with long legs, and about half have gybecomastia. It is associated typically with an XXY chromosome complement, although variants include XXYY, XXXY, XXXXY, and several mosaic patterns (XY/XXY, XXY, XXXY, etc.). (Dorland, 27th ed)
UI = D007713
Klippel-Feil Syndrome
AN = short neck as result of vertebral abnorm; do not use /congen & do not coord with INFANT, NEWBORN, DISEASES CATALOG: do not use /in inf
MS = A condition characterized by shortness of the neck resulting from reduction in the number of vertebrae or the fusion of multiple hemivertebrae into one osseous mass. The hairline is low and the motion of the neck is limited. (Dorland, 27th ed)
UI = D007714
Klippel-Trenaunay-Weber Syndrome
AN = a form of angiomatosis
MS = A rare condition usually affecting one extremity, characterized by hypertrophy of the bone and related soft tissues, large cutaneous hemangiomas, persistent nevus flammeus, and skin varices. (Dorland, 27th ed)
UI = D007715
Kluyveromyces
MS = An ascomycetous yeast of the fungal family Saccharomycetaceae, order SACCHAROMYCETALES.
UI = D007716
Knee
AN = primates only; /inj = KNEE INJURIES but PATELLA /inj is also available; TN 238: differentiation from KNEE JOINT & indexing instructions
UI = D007717
Knee Injuries
AN = consider also PATELLA /inj
MS = Injuries to the knee or the knee joint.
UI = D007718
Knee Joint
AN = primates only; TN 238: differentiation from KNEE & indexing instructions
UI = D007719
Knee Prosthesis
AN = do not use /util except by MeSH definition
MS = Replacement for a knee joint.
UI = D007720
Knowledge of Results (Psychology)
AN = no qualif; DF: KNOWLEDGE OF RESULTS
MS = The hypothesis that learning is facilitated when the learner is informed at each step about the progress he is making in his learning. It hypothesizes also that learning is facilitated when the learner is promptly informed whether a particular response is correct, and if incorrect, of the direction of error. The two usages refer to distinguishable situations and probably to different psychological processes.
UI = D007721
Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice
AN = no qualif; not restricted to family planning: for concepts which "pertain to health-related events such as procedures, diseases or family planning"; knowledge of physicians is probably CLINICAL COMPETENCE; do not use for knowledge or attitude or practice in psychol literature ( = possibly KNOWLEDGE OF RESULTS or ATTITUDE or PRACTICE (PSYCHOLOGY) ); DF: KAP
MS = Knowledge, attitudes, and associated behaviors which pertain to health-related events such as procedures, diseases, or family planning.
UI = D007722
Korea
UI = D007723
Kraurosis Vulvae
AN = atrophy of vulva & vagina
MS = An atrophic disease affecting the female external genitalia, most often of older women, resulting in drying and shriveling of the parts, and marked by leukoplakic patches on the mucosa, itching, dyspareunia, dysuria, and soreness. It occurs most commonly as a result of lichen sclerosus et atrophicus of the vulva, but may be associated with other types of genital atrophy. (Dorland, 27th ed)
UI = D007724
Kringles
AN = an amino acid sequence with a configuration resembling the Danish pastry called kringler
MS = Triple-looped protein domains linked by disulfide bonds. These common structural motifs, so-named for their resemblance to Danish pastries known as kringlers, play a role in binding membranes, proteins, and phospholipids as well as in regulating proteolysis. Kringles are also present in coagulation-related and fibrinolytic proteins and other plasma proteinases.
UI = D018082
Krukenberg Tumor
AN = /blood supply /chem /second /secret /ultrastruct permitted; coord IM with OVARIAN NEOPLASMS (IM)
MS = Mucocellular carcinoma of the ovary, usually metastatic from the gastrointestinal tract, characterized by areas of mucoid degeneration and the presence of signet-ring-like cells. It accounts for 30%-40% of metastatic cancers to the ovaries and possibly 1%-2% of all malignant ovarian tumors. The lesions may not be discovered until the primary disease is advanced, and most patients die of their disease within a year. In some cases, a primary tumor is not found. (From Dorland, 27th ed; Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, p1685
UI = D007725
Krypton
AN = a rare gas; Kr-84; Kr-78, 80, 82, 83, 86 = KRYPTON (IM) + ISOTOPES (NIM); Kr-74-77, 79, 81, 85, 87-94 = KRYPTON RADIOISOTOPES (IM)
MS = A noble gas that is found in the atmosphere. It has the atomic symbol Kr, atomic number 36, atomic weight 83.80, and has been used in electric bulbs.
UI = D007726
Krypton Radioisotopes
AN = Kr-74-77, 79, 81, 85, 87-94; /blood-csf-urine /metab permitted but not for tracer studies ( = /diag use)
MS = Unstable isotopes of krypton that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. Kr atoms with atomic weights 74-77, 79, 81, 85, and 87-94 are radioactive krypton isotopes.
UI = D007727
Kupffer Cells
AN = in the liver; also called reticuloendothelial cells of liver; A 11 qualif
MS = Large star-shaped or pyramidal cells with a large oval nucleus and a small prominent nucleolus. These intensely phagocytic cells line the walls of the sinusoids of the liver and form a part of the reticuloendothelial system. (Dorland, 27th ed)
UI = D007728
Kuru
AN = a prion dis; a neurol dis: do not confuse with KORO, a depersonalization disord
MS = A chronic, progressive, uniformly fatal nervous system disorder characterized by a long incubation period and transmissible to subhuman primates. It is found among the Fore and neighboring peoples of New Guinea. It is thought to be associated with cannibalism. Pathologically, the brain shows the changes of the spongiform encephalopathies: neuronal loss, astrogliosis, and status spongiosus; amyloid plaques are also present in about two thirds of the cases. (Dorland, 27th ed)
UI = D007729
Kuwait
UI = D007730
Kveim Test
AN = for diag of sarcoidosis
MS = Intradermal injection of a heated (pasteurized) saline suspension of sarcoid tissue obtained from a sarcoid spleen or lymph node. In patients with active sarcoidosis a dusky red nodule develops slowly over the next few weeks at the injection site. Histologic examination, an essential part of the complete test, reveals sarcoid tissue.
UI = D007731
Kwashiorkor
AN = severe form of protein malnutrition
MS = A syndrome produced by severe protein deficiency, characterized by retarded growth, changes in skin and hair pigment, edema, and pathologic changes in the liver, including fatty infiltration, necrosis, and fibrosis. The word is a local name in Gold Coast, Africa, meaning "displaced child". Although first reported from Africa, kwashiorkor is now known throughout the world, but mainly in the tropics and subtropics. It is considered to be related to marasmus. (From Dorland, 27th ed)
UI = D007732
Kyasanur Forest Disease
AN = note spelling: not Kyanasur; the forest is in India; a hemorrhagic fever caused by a flavivirus
MS = Tick-borne flavivirus infection occurring in the Kyasanur Forest in India.
UI = D007733
Kymography
AN = NIM; do not use /util except by MeSH definition; DF: KYMOGR
MS = The recording of variations or undulations, arterial or other, using an instrument called the kymograph. The tracing or other graphic record is called a kymogram. (From Dorland, 27th ed)
UI = D007734
Kynuramine
MS = 3-Amino-1-(2-aminophenyl)-1-propanone.
UI = D007735
Kynurenic Acid
AN = a glutamate antag
MS = A broad-spectrum excitatory amino acid antagonist used as a research tool.
UI = D007736
Kynurenine
AN = an amino acid
UI = D007737
Kyphosis
AN = a type of spinal curvature
MS = Abnormally increased convexity in the curvature of the thoracic spine as viewed from the side. (Dorland, 27th ed)
UI = D007738
Kyrgyzstan
AN = use this spelling in translations
UI = D007707