Glossary of Bio-Medical Terms
O
RETURN TO INDEX O Antigens
AN = bact lipopolysaccharides
MS = The lipopolysaccharide-protein somatic antigens, usually from gram-negative bacteria, important in the serological classification of enteric bacilli. The O-specific chains determine the specificity of the O antigens of a given serotype. O antigens are the immunodominant part of the lipopolysaccharide molecule in the intact bacterial cell. (Dorland, 28th ed; Singleton & Sainsbury, Dictionary of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, 2d ed)
UI = D019081
Oats
AN = as plant & food; selected qualif from Cat B6 & Cat J2
MS = A grass of the genus Avena, especially A. sativa, widely cultivated for its edible seeds and also the seeds of the oat, used as food and fodder. (From American Heritage Dictionary, 1982)
UI = D018554
Obesity
AN = do not use Cat G qualif; /diet ther: consider also DIET, REDUCING; /drug ther: consider also ANTI-OBESITY AGENTS & APPETITE DEPRESSANTS; /surg permitted but more likely condition in which surg is performed is OBESITY, MORBID: see note there; obese hyperglycemic mice go under MICE, OBESE: do not index under OBESITY or HYPERGLYCEMIA unless particularly discussed as diseases
MS = Increase in body weight beyond the limitation of skeletal and physical requirement, as the result of an excessive accumulation of fat in the body. More than two times the ideal weight is considered OBESITY, MORBID.
UI = D009765
Obesity in Diabetes
AN = also for "diabetes in obesity"; coord IM with specific diabetes precoord (IM) if pertinent
UI = D009766
Obesity, Morbid
AN = "2, 3 or more times the ideal weight"; /surg permitted as coord for any see related ref below if both dis & surg are discussed
MS = The condition of weighing two, three, or more times the ideal weight, so called because it is associated with many serious and life-threatening disorders.
UI = D009767
Obidoxime Chloride
AN = a cholinesterase reactivator
MS = 1,1'-(Oxybis(methylene))bis(4-(hydroxyimino)methyl)pyridinium dichloride. Cholinesterase reactivator occurring in two interchangeable isomeric forms, syn and anti.
UI = D009768
Object Attachment
AN = no qualif
MS = Emotional attachment to someone or something in the environment.
UI = D009769
Observation
AN = observation only as a scientific method, as "Langerhans, a genius at observation", "the father of clinical observation"; not for "electron microscopy observations on pleistocene tissues" or "hist observations on dental care" or "observations on difficult children" or "diagnostic observations on hypertension"
MS = The act of regarding attentively and studying facts and occurrences, gathering data through analyzing, measuring, and drawing conclusions, with the purpose of applying the observed information to theoretical assumptions. Observation as a scientific method in the acquisition of knowledge began in classical antiquity; in modern science and medicine its greatest application is facilitated by modern technology. Observation is one of the components of the research process.
UI = D019370
Observer Variation
AN = IM GEN only; coord NIM with disease /epidemiol (IM) or specific non-disease term /statist (IM); no qualif; specify geog if pertinent
MS = The failure by the observer to measure or identify a phenomenon accurately, which results in an error. Sources for this may be due to the observer's missing an abnormality, or to faulty technique resulting in incorrect test measurement, or to misinterpretation of the data. Two varieties are inter-observer variation (the amount observers vary from one another when reporting on the same material) and intra-observer variation (the amount one observer varies between observations when reporting more than once on the same material).
UI = D015588
Obsessive Behavior
AN = use Cat F3 qualif
MS = Persistent, unwanted idea or impulse which is considered normal when it does not markedly interfere with mental processes or emotional adjustment.
UI = D009770
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
MS = An anxiety disorder characterized by recurrent, persistent obsessions or compulsions. Obsessions are the intrusive ideas, thoughts, or images that are experienced as senseless or repugnant. Compulsions are repetitive and seemingly purposeful behavior which the individual generally recognizes as senseless and from which the individual does not derive pleasure although it may provide a release from tension.
UI = D009771
Obstetric Surgical Procedures
AN = GEN or unspecified; prefer specifics; consider also PREGNANCY COMPLICATIONS /surg & LABOR COMPLICATIONS /surg or /surg with specific pregn & labor compl; check the tags FEMALE & PREGNANCY; DF: OBSTET SURG PROCEDURES
MS = Surgery performed on the pregnant woman for conditions associated with pregnancy, labor, or the puerperium. It does not include surgery of the newborn infant.
UI = D013513
Obstetrical Forceps
MS = Surgical instrument designed to extract the newborn by the head from the maternal passages without injury to it or the mother.
UI = D009772
Obstetrical Nursing
AN = SPEC: SPEC qualif; check also tag PREGNANCY
MS = Nursing care given to the pregnant patient before, after, or during childbirth.
UI = D009773
Obstetrics
AN = SPEC: SPEC qualif; do not use for "obstetric diseases" ( = probably PREGNANCY COMPLICATIONS, etc.)
MS = A medical-surgical specialty concerned with management and care of women during pregnancy, parturition, and the puerperium.
UI = D009774
Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Hospital
AN = check also tag PREGNANCY for obstet aspect; DF: OBSTET GYNECOL DEP or OBSTET DEP
MS = Hospital department responsible for the administration and management of services provided for obstetric and gynecologic patients.
UI = D009775
Obturator Nerve
AN = a nerve of the lumbosacral plexus; dis: coord IM with PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM DISEASES (IM); neopl: coord IM with PERIPHERAL NERVE NEOPLASMS (IM) + histol type of neopl (IM)
MS = A nerve originating in the lumbar spinal cord (L2 to L4) and traveling through the lumbar plexus to the lower extremity. The obturator nerve provides motor innervation to the adductor muscles of the thigh and cutaneous sensory innervation of the inner thigh.
UI = D009776
Occipital Bone
AN = fractures: coord OCCIPITAL BONE /inj (IM) + SKULL FRACTURES (IM); neopl: coord IM with SKULL NEOPLASMS (IM)
UI = D009777
Occipital Lobe
AN = dis: coord IM with BRAIN DISEASES (IM); neopl: coord IM with BRAIN NEOPLASMS (IM)
MS = Posterior part of the cerebral hemisphere.
UI = D009778
Occlusal Adjustment
AN = grinding of occlusal surfaces of teeth to achieve optimal occlusion
MS = Selective grinding of occlusal surfaces of the teeth in an effort to eliminate premature contacts and occlusal interferences; to establish optimal masticatory effectiveness, stable occlusal relationships, direction of main occlusal forces, and efficient multidirectional patterns, to improve functional relations and to induce physiologic stimulation of the masticatory system; to eliminate occlusal trauma; to eliminate abnormal muscle tension; to aid in the stabilization of orthodontic results; to treat peridontal and temporomandibular joint problems; and in restorative procedures. (From Jablonski, Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992)
UI = D019558
Occlusal Splints
AN = rigid or flexible splint used in orthodontics & treatment of clenching & bruxism
MS = Rigid or flexible appliances that overlay the occlusal surfaces of the teeth. They are used to treat clenching and bruxism and their sequelae, and to provide temporary relief from muscle or temporomandibular joint pain.
UI = D017090
Occlusive Dressings
AN = to protect wounds from air or bact
MS = Material, usually gauze or absorbent cotton, used to cover and protect wounds, to seal them from contact with air or bacteria. (From Dorland, 27th ed)
UI = D009779
Occult Blood
AN = IM; no qualif; if fecal occult blood, do not coord with FECES
MS = Chemical, spectroscopic, or microscopic detection of extremely small amounts of blood.
UI = D009780
Occultism
AN = IM CATALOG: /geog /form
UI = D009781
Occupational Dentistry
AN = SPEC: SPEC qualif; DF: OCCUP DENT CATALOG: /geog /form
MS = The branch of dentistry concerned with maintaining oral health of employees in occupational environments.
UI = D009782
Occupational Exposure
AN = coord IM with specific occup dis (IM) or specific occupation (IM); DF: OCCUP EXPOSURE
MS = The exposure to potentially harmful chemical, physical, or biological agents that occurs as a result of one's occupation.
UI = D016273
Occupational Diseases
AN = the patient or disease: differentiate from INDUSTRY (the realm of labor, capital & trade) & OCCUPATIONAL MEDICINE (the med specialty): Manual 31.14, 31.16; coord IM with specific dis (IM); DF: OCCUP DIS
MS = Diseases due to factors involved in one's employment. (From Dorland, 28th ed)
UI = D009784
Occupational Groups
AN = not used for indexing; DF: OCCUP GROUPS
MS = Members of the various professions (e.g., PHYSICIANS) or occupations (e.g., POLICE).
UI = D009274
Occupational Health
AN = "promotion & maintenance of physical & mental health in the work environment": do not confuse with OCCUPATIONAL MEDICINE (the specialty) or OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH SERVICES; note X ref OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY which is GEN only: do not use as coord for safety in an industrial milieu ( = SAFETY + specific indust or occup heading); DF: OCCUP HEALTH CATALOG: /geog /form
MS = The promotion and maintenance of physical and mental health in the work environment.
UI = D016272
Occupational Health Nursing
AN = SPEC: SPEC qualif; DF: OCCUP HEALTH NURS CATALOG: /geog /form
MS = The practice of nursing in the work environment.
UI = D009785
Occupational Health Services
AN = IM; DF: OCCUP HEALTH SERV CATALOG: /geog /form
MS = Health services for employees, usually provided by the employer at the place of work.
UI = D009786
Occupational Medicine
AN = SPEC: SPEC qualif; do not confuse with OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH, the health of the worker; Manual 31.14: relation to INDUSTRY & OCCUPATIONAL DISEASES; DF: OCCUP MED CATALOG /geog /form
MS = Medical specialty concerned with the promotion and maintenance of the physical and mental health of employees in occupational settings.
UI = D009787
Occupational Therapy
AN = SPEC: SPEC qualif; /nurs /psychol permitted; do not use /util except by MeSH definition; coord IM with dis /rehabil (IM), not /ther; DF: OCCUP THER
MS = The field concerned with utilizing craft or work activities in the rehabilitation of patients. Occupational therapy can also refer to the activities themselves.
UI = D009788
Occupational Therapy Department, Hospital
AN = DF: OCCUP THER DEP
MS = Hospital department responsible for the administration and provision of any occupational or work activity for remedial purposes.
UI = D009789
Occupations
AN = SPEC: SPEC qualif; OCCUPATIONS are not necessarily "industrial"; differentiate from OCCUPATIONAL GROUPS: OCCUPATIONS is for the occup itself, OCCUPATIONAL GROUPS is for the collective members of an occup; relation to INDUSTRY, INDUSTRIAL MEDICINE (see OCCUPATIONAL MEDICINE) & OCCUPATIONAL DISEASES: Manual 31.13-31.16; BURNOUT, PROFESSIONAL is available; DF: OCCUP
MS = Crafts, trades, professions, or other means of earning a living.
UI = D009790
Oceanography
AN = SPEC: SPEC qualif; DF: OCEANOGR
MS = The science that deals with the ocean and its phenomena. (Webster, 3d ed)
UI = D009791
Oceans and Seas
AN = no qualif; for oceans & seas not main headings, index under OCEANS AND SEAS: do not coord with a geog land mass, e.g., Indian Ocean = OCEANS AND SEAS but not also India
UI = D009792
Ochratoxins
AN = mycotoxins; /antag permitted but consider also ANTITOXINS; /biosyn permitted if by fungi
MS = Toxins produced by Aspergillus ochraceus. Occurring widely, ochratoxins have been found as natural contaminants on storage grains, corn, peanuts, cottonseed, and decaying vegetation. They are produced by several other species of Aspergillus as well as by Penicillium viridicatum.
UI = D009793
Ochronosis
AN = do not use /congen & do not coord with INFANT, NEWBORN, DISEASES CATALOG: do not use /in inf
MS = Deposition of polymerized homogentisic acid as a brown-black pigment in the connective tissue. It occurs in alkaptonuria, but has also been observed in connection with exposure to certain chemicals (e.g., phenol, trinitrophenol, benzene derivatives).
UI = D009794
Octanes
AN = does not include octenes ( = ALKENES), octadienes ( = ALKADIENES), octatrienes or octatetraenes ( = POLYENES)
MS = Eight-carbon saturated hydrocarbon group of the methane series. Include isomers and derivatives.
UI = D009795
Octanoic Acids
UI = D009796
1-Octanol
AN = OCTANOLS is also available
MS = A colorless, slightly viscous liquid used as a defoaming or wetting agent. It is also used as a solvent for protective coatings, waxes, and oils, and as a raw material for plasticizers. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 5th ed)
UI = D020003
Octanols
AN = 1-OCTANOL is also available
MS = Isomeric forms and derivatives of octanol (C8H17OH).
UI = D000442
Octopamine
AN = an antihypotensive & cardiotonic
MS = An alpha-adrenergic sympathomimetic amine, biosynthesized from tyramine in the CNS and platelets and also in invertebrate nervous systems. It is used to treat hypotension and as a cardiotonic. The natural D(-) form is more potent than the L(+) form in producing cardiovascular adrenergic responses. It is also a neurotransmitter in some invertebrates.
UI = D009655
Octopus
AN = as animal & food; IM; as food, coord IM with SHELLFISH (IM); /microbiol /parasitol /virol permitted
MS = An eight-armed cephalopod mollusk belonging to the order Octopoda. It includes the octopus as food.
UI = D009797
Octoxynol
AN = polyethylene glycols; used as detergents, emulsifiers, wetting agents, defoaming agents, etc.; D25-26 qualif
MS = alpha-(Octylphenyl)-omega-hydroxypoly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl). Nonionic surfactant mixtures varying in the number of repeating ethoxy (oxy-1,2-ethanediyl) groups. They are used as detergents, emulsifiers, wetting agents, defoaming agents, etc. Octoxynol-9, the compound with 9 repeating ethoxy groups, is a spermatocide.
UI = D017830
Octreotide
MS = A potent, long-acting somatostatin octapeptide analog which has a wide range of physiological actions. It inhibits growth hormone secretion, is effective in the treatment of hormone-secreting tumors from various organs, and has beneficial effects in the management of many pathological states including diabetes mellitus, orthostatic hypertension, hyperinsulinism, hypergastrinemia, and small bowel fistula.
UI = D015282
Ocular Hypertension
AN = do not equate with GLAUCOMA; do not confuse with OCULAR HYPOTENSION
MS = A condition in which the intraocular pressure is elevated above normal and which may lead to glaucoma.
UI = D009798
Ocular Hypotension
AN = "abnormally low intraocular pressure": do not confuse with OCULAR HYPERTENSION
MS = Abnormally low intraocular pressure often related to chronic inflammation (uveitis).
UI = D015814
Ocular Motility Disorders
AN = GEN: prefer specifics
MS = Disorders of eye movement resulting from malfunction of the sensory-motor mechanism of the eye which leads to faulty alignment of the eyes and/or visual impairment.
UI = D015835
Ocular Physiology
AN = GEN or unspecified; prefer specifics; DF: OCULAR PHYSIOL
MS = Functions and activities of the eye as a whole or of any of its parts.
UI = D009799
Oculocerebrorenal Syndrome
AN = do not use /congen & do not coord with INFANT, NEWBORN, DISEASES CATALOG: do not use /in inf
MS = Autosomal recessive syndrome in which ocular signs include cataracts and glaucoma. The central nervous system defects are manifested by mental retardation and hypotonia, and the renal abnormalities consist of tubular and later, glomerular insufficiency.
UI = D009800
Oculomotor Muscles
AN = /innerv = probably OCULOMOTOR NERVE but consider also ABDUCENS NERVE & TROCHLEAR NERVE; paralysis = OCULOMOTOR PARALYSIS see OPHTHALMOPLEGIA
MS = Muscles of the eye that include musculi bulbi (extraocular), musculus orbicularis oculi (eyelids), and musculus orbitalis. These control the eye and surrounding structures. (From Dorland, 27th ed; Stedman, 25th ed)
UI = D009801
Oculomotor Nerve
AN = 3d cranial nerve; dis: coord IM with CRANIAL NERVE DISEASES (IM); neopl: coord IM with CRANIAL NERVE NEOPLASMS (IM) + histol type of neopl (IM)
MS = The 3d cranial nerve. The oculomotor nerve sends motor fibers to the levator muscles of the eyelid and to the superior rectus, inferior rectus, and inferior oblique muscles of the eye. It also sends parasympathetic efferents (via the ciliary ganglion) to the muscles controlling pupillary constriction and accommodation. The motor fibers originate in the oculomotor nuclei of the midbrain.
UI = D009802
Oculomotor Nerve Paralysis
AN = do not confuse with OCULOMOTOR PARALYSIS see OPHTHALMOPLEGIA
MS = Partial or complete paralysis of the eye muscles due to third cranial, or oculomotor, nerve lesion. The lesion may result from injury, ischemia (cerebral hemorrhage), tumors, or other brain pathology.
UI = D015840
Oddi's Sphincter
AN = diseases: coord IM with COMMON BILE DUCT DISEASES (IM); inflammation: coord IM with CHOLANGITIS (IM); neopl: coord IM with COMMON BILE DUCT NEOPLASMS (IM)
MS = An annular sheath of muscle that invests the bile duct within the wall of the duodenum. (Dorland, 27th ed)
UI = D009803
Odds Ratio
AN = IM GEN only; coord NIM with specific disease or other concept (IM); no qualif
MS = The ratio of two odds. The exposure-odds ratio for case control data is the ratio of the odds in favor of exposure among cases to the odds in favor of exposure among noncases. The disease-odds ratio for a cohort or cross section is the ratio of the odds in favor of disease among the exposed to the odds in favor of disease among the unexposed. The prevalence-odds ratio refers to an odds ratio derived cross-sectionally from studies of prevalent cases.
UI = D016017
Odontoblasts
AN = A 11 qualif
UI = D009804
Odontodysplasia
AN = an abnorm of tooth develop; do not use /congen & do not coord with INFANT, NEWBORN, DISEASES CATALOG: do not use /in inf
MS = A localized arrested tooth development which appears to involve most commonly the anterior teeth, usually on one side of the midline, most often the maxillary central and lateral incisors. Roentgenographically, the teeth have a ghostlike appearance. Calcification and bits of prismatic enamel may be found in the pulp and the enamel is thin and absent in part. (Jablonski, Illustrated Dictionary of Dentistry, 1982)
UI = D018126
Odontogenesis
UI = D009805
Odontogenic Cysts
AN = non-neoplastic but calcifying odontogenic cyst = ODONTOGENIC CYST, CALCIFYING (neoplastic); /blood supply /chem /secret /ultrastruct permitted; coord IM with MANDIBULAR DISEASES or MAXILLARY DISEASES (IM)
MS = Cysts found in the jaws and arising from epithelium involved in tooth formation. They include follicular cysts (e.g., primordial cyst, dentigerous cyst, multilocular cyst), lateral periodontal cysts, and radicular cysts. They may become keratinized (odontogenic keratocysts). Follicular cysts may give rise to ameloblastomas and, in rare cases, undergo malignant transformation.
UI = D009807
Odontogenic Cyst, Calcifying
AN = neoplastic; /blood supply /chem /secret /ultrastruct permitted; coord IM with probably JAW NEOPLASMS (IM) or precoord jaw/neopl term (IM)
MS = A mixed radiolucent-radiopaque lesion of the jaws with features of both a cyst and a solid neoplasm. It is characterized microscopically by an epithelial lining showing a palisaded layer of columnar basal cells, presence of ghost cell keratinization, dentinoid, and calcification. (Stedman, 25th ed)
UI = D018333
Odontogenic Tumors
AN = benign or malignant; /blood supply /chem /second /secret /ultrastruct permitted; coord IM with precoord organ/neopl term (IM)
MS = Neoplasms produced from tooth-forming tissues.
UI = D009808
Odontoid Process
AN = a part of the AXIS; not a dental term
MS = The toothlike process on the upper surface of the axis, which articulates with the atlas above.
UI = D009809
Odontoma
AN = /blood supply /chem /secret /ultrastruct permitted; coord IM with precoord organ/neopl term (IM); French "odontome" (a form of developmental anomaly): index under TOOTH ABNORMALITIES
MS = A mixed tumor of odontogenic origin, in which both the epithelial and mesenchymal cells exhibit complete differentiation, resulting in the formation of tooth structures. (Jablonski, Illustrated Dictionary of Dentistry, 1982)
UI = D009810
Odontometry
UI = D009811
Odors
AN = mouth odors = HALITOSIS; AROMATHERAPY (use of essential oils to treat dis in alternative med) is also available
MS = The volatile portions of substances perceptible by the sense of smell. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)
UI = D009812
Oedipus Complex
AN = no qualif
MS = Attachment of the child to the parent of the opposite sex, accompanied by envious and aggressive feelings toward the parent of the same sex.
UI = D009813
Oesophagostomiasis
AN = nematode infect of intestines
MS = Infection of the intestinal tract with worms of the genus OESOPHAGOSTOMUM. This condition occurs mainly in animals other than man.
UI = D009814
Oesophagostomum
AN = a genus of nematodes; infection = OESOPHAGOSTOMIASIS; for antigens, coord with ANTIGENS, HELMINTH, for antibodies, coord with ANTIBODIES, HELMINTH
MS = A genus of nematodes of the superfamily STRONGYLOIDEA, parasitic in the intestines of animals. The adults are usually free in the intestinal lumen; the larvae encyst in the wall.
UI = D009815
Office Automation
AN = IM
MS = Use of computers or computer systems for doing routine clerical work, e.g., billing, records pertaining to the administration of the office, etc.
UI = D009816
Office Management
AN = med or non-med offices
MS = Planning, organizing, and administering activities in an office.
UI = D009817
Office Nursing
MS = Nursing practice limited to assisting a physician in his private office.
UI = D009818
Office Visits
MS = Visits made by patients to health service providers' offices for diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up.
UI = D009819
Off-Road Motor Vehicles
AN = do not confuse with MOTORCYCLES which are public-road vehicles
MS = Motorized, recreational vehicles used on non-public roads. They include all-terrain vehicles, dirt-bikes, minibikes, motorbikes, trailbikes, and snowmobiles. Excludes MOTORCYCLES, which are considered public road vehicles.
UI = D015541
Ofloxacin
AN = an anti-infective
MS = An orally administered broad-spectrum quinolone antibacterial drug active against most gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. Clinical efficacy has been confirmed in a variety of systemic infections as well as in acute and chronic urinary tract infections.
UI = D015242
Ohio
UI = D009820
Oils
AN = GEN or unspecified: prefer specific oil groups & specific oils; D25-26 qualif; coord IM with source of oil (IM or NIM)
MS = Unctuous combustible substances that are liquid or easily liquefiable on warming, and are soluble in ether but insoluble in water. Such substances, depending on their origin, are classified as animal, mineral, or vegetable oils. Depending on their behavior on heating, they are volatile or fixed. (Dorland, 28th ed)
UI = D009821
Oils, Volatile
AN = D25-26 qualif; coord IM with source of oil (IM or NIM); AROMATHERAPY (use of essential oils to treat dis in alternative med) is also available
MS = Oils which evaporate readily. The volatile oils occur in aromatic plants, to which they give odor and other characteristics. Most volatile oils consist of a mixture of two or more TERPENES or of a mixture of an eleopten (the more volatile constituent of a volatile oil) with a stearopten (the more solid constituent). The synonym essential oils refers to the essence of a plant, as its perfume or scent, and not to its indispensibility. (From Dorland, 28th ed)
UI = D009822
Ointment Bases
AN = IM for general only; NIM when specific drug is IM; when IM, D25-26 qualif; when NIM, no qualif
MS = Various mixtures of fats, waxes, animal and plant oils and solid and liquid hydrocarbons; vehicles for medicinal substances intended for external application; there are four classes: hydrocarbon base, absorption base, water-removable base and water-soluble base; several are also emollients.
UI = D009823
Ointments
AN = IM for general only, qualif permitted; NIM (no qualif) with specific drug IM (with qualif)
MS = Semisolid preparations used topically for protective emollient effects or as a vehicle for local administration of medications. Ointment bases are various mixtures of fats, waxes, animal and plant oils and solid and liquid hydrocarbons.
UI = D009824
Okadaic Acid
AN = a cyclic ether; a carcinogen
MS = A specific inhibitor of phosphoserine/threonine protein phosphatase 1 and 2a. It is also a potent tumor promoter. (Thromb Res 1992;67(4):345-54 & Cancer Res 1993;53(2):239-41)
UI = D019319
Oklahoma
UI = D009825
Old Age Assistance
AN = specify geog CATALOG: /geog /form
MS = Financial assistance for the impoverished elderly through public funding of programs, services, and individual income supplements.
UI = D009826
Oleandomycin
AN = a macrolide antibiotic
MS = Antibiotic substance produced by Streptomyces antibioticus.
UI = D009827
Oleanolic Acid
MS = 3 beta-Hydroxyolean-12-en-28-oic acid. Occurs in leaves of Olea europaea, Viscum album L., and other higher plants. It is also the aglycone component of many saponins.
UI = D009828
Oleic Acid
AN = "the most widely distributed fatty acid in nature"; do not confuse with OLEIC ACIDS
MS = An unsaturated fatty acid that is the most widely distributed and abundant fatty acid in nature. It is used commercially in the preparation of oleates and lotions, and as a pharmaceutical solvent. (Stedman, 26th ed)
UI = D019301
Oleic Acids
AN = do not confuse with OLEIC ACID; do not confuse X ref OCTADECENOIC ACIDS with OCTADECANOIC ACIDS see STEARIC ACIDS
MS = A group of fatty acids that contain 16 carbon atoms and a double bond at the omega 9 carbon.
UI = D009829
Olfactory Bulb
AN = neopl: coord IM with BRAIN NEOPLASMS (IM) + histol type of neopl (IM)
MS = Ovoid body resting on the cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone where the olfactory nerve terminates. The olfactory bulb contains several types of nerve cells including the mitral cells, on whose dendrites the olfactory nerve synapses, forming the olfactory glomeruli. The accessory olfactory bulb, which receives the projection from the vomeronasal organ via the vomeronasal nerve, is also included here.
UI = D009830
Olfactory Mucosa
MS = That portion of the nasal mucosa containing the sensory endings for olfaction; the organ of smell.
UI = D009831
Olfactory Nerve
AN = 1st cranial nerve; dis: coord IM with CRANIAL NERVE DISEASES (IM); neopl: coord IM with CRANIAL NERVE NEOPLASMS (IM) + histol type of neopl (IM)
MS = The 1st cranial nerve. The olfactory nerve conveys the sense of smell. It is formed by the axons of OLFACTORY RECEPTOR NEURONS which project from the olfactory epithelium (in the nasal epithelium) to the OLFACTORY BULB.
UI = D009832
Olfactory Pathways
MS = Set of nerve fibers conducting impulses from olfactory receptors to the cerebral cortex. It includes the OLFACTORY NERVE, OLFACTORY BULB, olfactory tract, olfactory tubercle, anterior perforated substance, and olfactory cortex.
UI = D009833
Olfactory Receptor Neurons
AN = chemoreceptors in olfactory mucosa; DF: OLFACTORY RECEPT NEURONS
MS = Neurons in the olfactory epithelium with proteins (RECEPTORS, ODORANT) that bind, and thus detect, odorants. Olfactory receptor neurons are bipolar. They send to the surface of the epithelium apical dendrites with non-motile cilia from which project odorant receptor molecules. Their unmyelinated axons synapse in the olfactory bulb of the brain. Unlike other neurons, they can be generated from precursor cells in adults.
UI = D018034
2',5'-Oligoadenylate Synthetase
MS = An enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of ATP into a series of (2'-5') linked oligoadenylates and pyrophosphate in the presence of double-stranded RNA. These oligonucleotides activate an endoribonuclease (RNase L) which cleaves single-stranded RNA. Interferons can act as inducers of these reactions. EC 2.7.7.-.
UI = D015088
Oligodeoxyribonucleotides, Antisense
AN = DF: ANTISENSE OLIGODNA
MS = Short fragments of DNA that are used to alter the function of target RNAs or DNAs to which they hybridize.
UI = D020319
Oligo-1,6-Glucosidase
AN = consider also SUCRASE-ISOMALTASE COMPLEX; /defic: consider also SUCROSE /metab (IM) + CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM, INBORN ERRORS (IM)
MS = An enzyme that catalyzes the endohydrolysis of 1,6-alpha-glucosidic linkages in isomaltose and dextrins produced from starch and glycogen by alpha-amylase. EC 3.2.1.10.
UI = D009834
Oligochaeta
AN = segmented worms; /microbiol /parasitol /virol permitted
MS = A class of annelid worms with few setae per segment. It includes the earthworms such as Lumbricus and Eisenia.
UI = D009835
Oligodendroglia
AN = a type of neuroglia; A 11 qualif
MS = A class of neuroglial (macroglial) cells in the central nervous system. Oligodendroglia may be called interfascicular, perivascular, or perineuronal satellite cells according to their location. The most important recognized function of these cells is the formation of the insulating myelin sheaths of axons in the central nervous system.
UI = D009836
Oligodendroglioma
AN = /blood supply /chem /second /secret /ultrastruct permitted; coord IM with precoord brain/neopl term (IM) + site (IM)
MS = A relatively rare, moderately well differentiated, relatively slow-growing glioma that occurs most frequently in the cerebrum of adults. It is grossly homogeneous, fairly well circumscribed, moderately firm, and somewhat gritty in consistency with interstitial calcification sufficiently dense as to be detected by x-ray imaging of the skull. The peak occurrence of oligodendrogliomas is in persons aged 30 to 49. (From Stedman, 25th ed; DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles & Practice of Oncology, 3d ed, p1587)
UI = D009837
Oligodeoxyribonucleotides
AN = 2-12 nucleotides
MS = A group of deoxyribonucleotides (up to 12) in which the phosphate residues of each deoxyribonucleotide act as bridges in forming diester linkages between the deoxyribose moieties.
UI = D009838
Oligohydramnios
AN = reduced levels of amniotic fluid
MS = Presence of less than 300 ml of amniotic fluid at term. Principal causes include malformations of fetal urinary tracts, intra-uterine growth retardation, high maternal blood pressure, nicotine poisoning, and prolonged pregnancy.
UI = D016104
Oligohymenophorea
AN = a class of ciliate protozoa
MS = A class of ciliate protozoa. Characteristics include the presence of a well developed oral apparatus and oral cilia being clearly distinct from somatic cilia.
UI = D016802
Oligomenorrhea
AN = infrequent menstruation; differentiate from scanty or shortlasting menstruation ( = HYPOMENORRHEA see MENSTRUATION DISORDERS)
MS = Abnormally infrequent menstruation. This is differentiated from scanty menstrual flow (HYPOMENORRHEA see MENSTRUATION DISORDERS).
UI = D009839
Oligomycins
AN = macrolide antibiotics
MS = A closely related group of toxic substances elaborated by various strains of Streptomyces. They are 26-membered macrolides with lactone moieties and double bonds and inhibit various ATPases, causing uncoupling of phosphorylation from mitochondrial respiration. Used as tools in cytochemistry. Some specific oligomycins are RUTAMYCIN, peliomycin, and botrycidin (formerly venturicidin X).
UI = D009840
Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis
MS = Hybridization of a nucleic acid sample to a very large set of oligonucleotide probes, which are attached to a solid support, to determine sequence or to detect variations in a gene sequence or expression or for gene mapping.
UI = D020411
Oligonucleotides
AN = 2-12 nucleotides
MS = Polymers made up of a few (2-20) nucleotides. In molecular genetics, they refer to a short sequence synthesized to match a region where a mutation is known to occur, and then used as a probe (OLIGONUCLEOTIDE PROBES). (Dorland, 28th ed)
UI = D009841
Oligoribonucleotides, Antisense
MS = Short fragments of RNA that are used to alter the function of target RNAs or DNAs to which they hybridize.
UI = D020320
Oligonucleotide Probes
AN = usually no qualif; /drug eff /ultrastruct permitted
MS = Synthetic or natural oligonucleotides used in hybridization studies in order to identify and study specific nucleic acid fragments, e.g., DNA segments near or within a specific gene locus or gene. The probe hybridizes with a specific mRNA, if present. Conventional techniques used for testing for the hybridization product include dot blot assays, Southern blot assays, and DNA:RNA hybrid-specific antibody tests. Conventional labels for the probe include the radioisotope labels 32P and 125I and the chemical label biotin.
UI = D015345
Oligonucleotides, Antisense
AN = coord IM with THIONUCLEOTIDES (IM or NIM if pertinent)
MS = Short fragments of DNA or RNA that are used to alter the function of target RNAs or DNAs to which they hybridize.
UI = D016376
Oligopeptides
AN = 2-12 amino acids (includes DIPEPTIDES, tripeptides, tetrapeptides, pentapeptides, etc.); GEN; prefer specifics; conformation: coord OLIGOPEPTIDES or specific peptide (IM) + PROTEIN CONFORMATION (NIM)
MS = Peptides composed of between two and twelve amino acids.
UI = D009842
Oligoribonucleotides
AN = 2-12 nucleotides
MS = A group of ribonucleotides (up to 12) in which the phosphate residues of each ribonucleotide act as bridges in forming diester linkages between the ribose moieties.
UI = D009843
Oligosaccharides
AN = 3-12 sugar units; GEN; TRISACCHARIDES is available
UI = D009844
Oligospermia
AN = defic of no. of sperm in semen
MS = Deficiency in the number of spermatozoa in semen. (Dorland, 27th ed)
UI = D009845
Oliguria
AN = decreased amount of urine
MS = Secretion of a diminished amount of urine in relation to the fluid intake. (Dorland, 27th ed)
UI = D009846
Olivary Nucleus
UI = D009847
Olivomycins
AN = antineoplastic antibiotics
MS = A mixture of several closely related glycosidic antibiotics obtained from Actinomyces (or Streptomyces) olivoreticuli. They are used as fluorescent dyes that bind to DNA and prevent both RNA and protein synthesis and are also used as antineoplastic agents.
UI = D009848
Olivopontocerebellar Atrophy
AN = DF: OPCA
MS = A collection of diseases with atrophy of the cerebellum, pons, and inferior olives described in 1900 by Dejerine and Thomas. Signs and symptoms include ataxia of trunk and limbs, dysarthria, intention tremor, followed by generalized rigidity and dementia.
UI = D009849
Oman
AN = a sultanate on the southeast Arabian peninsula
MS = A sultanate on the southeast coast of the Arabian peninsula. Its capital is Masqat. Before the 16th century it was ruled by independent emirs but was captured and controlled by the Portuguese 1508-1648. In 1741 it was recovered by a descendent of Yemen's imam. After its decline in the 19th century, it became virtually a political and economic dependency within the British Government of India, retaining close ties with Great Britain by treaty from 1939 to 1970 when it achieved autonomy. The name was recorded by Pliny in the 1st century A.D. as Omana, said to be derived from the founder of the state, Oman ben Ibrahim al-Khalil. (From Webster's New Geographical Dictionary, 1988, p890; Oman Embassy, Washington; Room, Brewer's Dictionary of Names, 1992, p391)
UI = D009850
Omasum
AN = a ruminant's 3d stomach; dis: coord IM with STOMACH DISEASES /vet (IM); neopl: coord IM with STOMACH NEOPLASMS /vet + histol type /vet (IM); ulcer: coord IM with STOMACH ULCER /vet (IM)
MS = The third stomach of ruminants, situated on the right side of the abdomen at a higher level than the fourth stomach and between this latter and the second stomach, with both of which it communicates. From its inner surface project large numbers of leaves or folia, each of which possesses roughened surfaces. In the center of each folium is a band of muscle fibers which produces a rasping movement of the leaf when it contracts. One leaf rubs against those on either side of it, and large particles of food material are ground down between the rough surfaces, preparatory to further digestion in the succeeeding parts of the alimentary canal. (Black's Veterinary Dictionary, 17th ed)
UI = D009851
Omentum
AN = dis: coord IM with PERITONEAL DISEASES (NIM); neopl: coord IM with PERITONEAL NEOPLASMS (IM) + histol type of neopl (IM)
UI = D009852
Omeprazole
AN = an anti-ulcer agent
MS = A highly effective inhibitor of gastric acid secretion used in the therapy of gastric ulcers and Zollinger-Ellison syndrome. The drug inhibits the H(+)-K(+)-ATPase (H(+)-K(+)-EXCHANGING ATPASE) in a pH-dependent manner. This ATPase is considered the proton pump in the secretory membrane of the parietal cell.
UI = D009853
Onchocerca
AN = infection = ONCHOCERCIASIS; coord with specific helminth term (ANTIGENS, HELMINTH, etc) if pertinent; /drug eff: consider FILARICIDES
MS = A genus of parasitic nematodes whose organisms live and breed in skin and subcutaneous tissues. Onchocercal microfilariae may also be found in the urine, blood, or sputum.
UI = D009854
Onchocerca volvulus
AN = infection: coord IM with ONCHOCERCIASIS (IM); coord with specific helminth term (ANTIGENS, HELMINTH, etc) if pertinent; /drug eff: consider FILARICIDES
MS = A species of parasitic nematodes widely distributed throughout central Africa and also found in northern South America, southern Mexico, and Guatemala. Its intermediate host and vector is the blackfly or buffalo gnat.
UI = D017181
Onchocerciasis
AN = /drug ther: consider FILARICIDES
MS = Infection with nematodes of the genus ONCHOCERCA. Characteristics include the presence of firm subcutaneous nodules filled with adult worms, pruritus, and ocular lesions.
UI = D009855
Onchocerciasis, Ocular
AN = /drug ther: consider FILARICIDES
MS = Filarial infection of the eyes transmitted from person to person by bites of Onchocerca volvulus-infected black flies. The microfilariae of Onchocerca are thus deposited beneath the skin. They migrate through various tissues including the eye. Those persons infected have impaired vision and up to 20% are blind. The incidence of eye lesions has been reported to be as high as 30% in Central America and parts of Africa.
UI = D015827
Oncogene Protein gp140(v-fms)
AN = IM; coord with specific virus (IM); /drug eff /ultrastruct permitted; DF: note short X refs
MS = Transforming glycoprotein coded by the fms oncogene from the Susan McDonough strain of feline sarcoma virus (SM-FeSV). The oncogene protein v-fms lacks sequences, which, in the highly homologous proto-oncogene protein c-fms (CSF-1 receptor), normally serve to regulate its tyrosine kinase activity. The missing sequences in v-fms mimic the effect of ligand and lead to constitutive cell growth. The protein gp120(v-fms) is post-translationally modified to generate gp140(v-fms).
UI = D016281
Oncogene Protein p21(ras)
AN = IM; coord with specific virus (IM); /drug eff /ultrastruct permitted; DF: note short X refs
MS = Transforming protein encoded by ras oncogenes. Point mutations in the cellular ras gene (c-ras) can also result in a mutant p21 protein that can transform mammalian cells. Oncogene protein p21(ras) has been directly implicated in human neoplasms, perhaps accounting for as much as 15-20% of all human tumors.
Oncogene Protein p55(v-myc)
AN = IM; coord with specific virus (IM); /drug eff /ultrastruct permitted; DF: note short X ref
MS = Transforming protein coded by myc oncogenes. The v-myc protein has been found in several replication-defective avian retrovirus isolates which induce a broad spectrum of malignancies.
UI = D016274
Oncogene Protein pp60(v-src)
AN = IM; coord with specific virus (IM); /drug eff /ultrastruct permitted; DF: note short X refs
MS = Tyrosine-specific protein kinase encoded by the v-src oncogene of Rous sarcoma virus. The transforming activity of pp60(v-src) depends on both the lack of a critical carboxy-terminal tyrosine phosphorylation site at position 527, and the attachment of pp60(v-src) to the plasma membrane which is accomplished by myristylation of its N-terminal glycine.
UI = D015688
Oncogene Protein p65(gag-jun)
AN = IM; coord with specific virus (IM); /drug eff /ultrastruct permitted; DF: note short X refs
MS = Transforming protein coded by jun oncogenes (GENES, JUN). This is a gag-onc fusion protein of about 65 kD derived from avian sarcoma virus. v-jun lacks a negative regulatory domain that regulates transcription in c-jun.
UI = D016759
Oncogene Proteins v-mos
AN = IM; coord with specific virus (IM); /drug eff /ultrastruct permitted; DF: note short X ref
MS = Transforming proteins coded by mos oncogenes. The v-mos proteins were originally isolated from the Moloney murine sarcoma virus (Mo-MSV).
UI = D017232
Oncogene Proteins
AN = GEN or unspecified; prefer specifics; /drug eff /ultrastruct permitted
MS = Proteins coded by oncogenes. They include proteins resulting from the fusion of an oncogene and another gene (ONCOGENE PROTEINS, FUSION).
UI = D015513
Oncogene Proteins, Fusion
AN = IM; coord with specific virus (IM); /drug eff /ultrastruct permitted
MS = The translation products of the fusion between an oncogene and another gene. The latter may be of viral or cellular origin.
UI = D015514
Oncogene Proteins v-abl
AN = IM; coord with specific virus (IM); /drug eff /ultrastruct permitted; DF: note short X ref
MS = Transforming proteins encoded by the abl oncogenes. Oncogenic transformation of c-abl to v-abl occurs by insertional activation that results in deletions of specific N-terminal amino acids.
UI = D016374
Oncogene Proteins v-fos
AN = IM; coord with specific virus (IM); /drug eff /ultrastruct permitted; DF: note short X ref
MS = Transforming proteins coded by fos oncogenes. These proteins have been found in the Finkel-Biskis-Jinkins (FBJ-MSV) and Finkel-Biskis-Reilly (FBR-MSV) murine sarcoma viruses which induce osteogenic sarcomas in mice. The FBJ-MSV v-fos gene encodes a p55 kD protein and the FBR-MSV v-fos gene encodes a p75 kD fusion protein.
UI = D016761
Oncogene Proteins, Viral
AN = GEN or unspecified; prefer specifics; coord with specific virus (IM); /drug eff /ultrastruct permitted
MS = Products of viral oncogenes, most commonly retroviral oncogenes. They usually have transforming and often protein kinase activities.
UI = D009856
Oncogenes
AN = ONCOGENES cause neopl transform of cells; "oncogene" used by author may refer to ONCOGENES or PROTO-ONCOGENES: use X refs below & PROTO-ONCOGENES indentions as clues; do not confuse with ONCOGENS see CARCINOGENS; Manual 24.4.4.3
MS = Genes which can potentially induce neoplastic transformation. They include genes for growth factors, growth factor receptors, protein kinases, signal transducers, nuclear phosphoproteins, and transcription factors. When these genes are constitutively expressed after structural and/or regulatory changes, uncontrolled cell proliferation may result. Viral oncogenes have names of the form v-onc; cellular oncogenes (PROTO-ONCOGENES) are designated c-onc.
UI = D009857
Oncogenic Viruses
AN = vertebrate viruses producing tumors; infection = TUMOR VIRUS INFECTIONS (IM) + neopl terms if pertinent
MS = Viruses that produce tumors.
UI = D009858
Oncologic Nursing
AN = SPEC: SPEC qualif; ONCOLOGIC NURSING = the nursing specialty, NEOPLASMS /nurs = the patient; DF: ONCOL NURS
MS = Nursing care provided cancer patients. It includes aspects of family functioning through education of both patient and family. The specialty of oncologic nursing focuses on cancer as a major health care problem.
UI = D009859
Oncology Service, Hospital
AN = DF: ONCOL SERV HOSP
MS = The hospital department responsible for the administration and provision of diagnostic and therapeutic services for the cancer patient.
UI = D016522
Oncorhynchus
AN = GEN or unspecified; prefer specifics; salmon & trout belong to this genus; check specific ONCORHYNCHUS headings, their X refs & text carefully; IM; qualif permitted
MS = A genus of the family SALMONIDAE (salmons and trouts). They are named for their hooked (onco) nose (rhynchus). They are usually anadromous and occasionally inhabit freshwater. They can be found in North Pacific coastal areas from Japan to California and adjacent parts of the Arctic Ocean. Salmon and trout are popular game and food fish. Various species figure heavily in genetic, metabolism, and hormone research.
UI = D017683
Oncorhynchus keta
AN = a salmon; IM; qualif permitted
MS = An anadromous species of SALMON found in the streams of the Pacific coast from Sacramento north, and also common in Japan. It is used frequently in genetic and other medical research.
UI = D017685
Oncorhynchus kisutch
AN = a salmon; IM; qualif permitted
MS = An anadromous species of SALMON ranging from the Arctic and Pacific Oceans to Monterey Bay, California and inhabiting ocean and coastal streams. It is familiarly known as the coho or silver salmon. It is relatively small but its light-colored flesh is of good flavor.
UI = D017684
Oncorhynchus mykiss
AN = a trout; IM; qualif permitted; do not confuse X ref SALMO GAIRDNERI with SALMON
MS = A large stout-bodied, sometimes anadromous, TROUT found in still and flowing waters of the Pacific coast from southern California to Alaska. It has a greenish back, a whitish belly, and pink, red, or lavender stripes on the sides, with usually a sprinkling of black dots. It is highly regarded as a sport and food fish. Its former name was Salmo gairdneri. The sea-run rainbow trouts are often called steelheads. Redband trouts refer to interior populations of rainbows.
UI = D017686
Oncogene Proteins v-erbA
AN = IM; coord with specific virus (IM); /drug eff /ultrastruct permitted; DF: note short X ref
MS = Transforming proteins encoded by erbA oncogenes from the avian erythroblastosis virus. They are truncated versions of c-erbA, the thyroid hormone receptor (RECEPTORS, THYROID HORMONE) that have retained both the DNA-binding and hormone-binding domains. Mutations in the hormone-binding domains abolish the transcriptional activation function. v-erbA acts as a dominant repressor of c-erbA, inducing transformation by disinhibiting proliferation.
UI = D018774
Oncogene Proteins v-erbB
AN = IM; coord with specific virus (IM); /drug eff /ultrastruct permitted; DF: note short X ref
MS = Transforming proteins encoded by erbB oncogenes from the avian erythroblastosis virus. The protein is a truncated form of the EGF receptor (RECEPTORS, EPIDERMAL GROWTH FACTOR-UROGASTRONE) whose kinase domain is constitutively activated by deletion of the ligand-binding domain.
UI = D018739
Ondansetron
AN = a serotonin antag, antiemetic & tranquilizing agent
MS = 1,2,3,9-Tetrahydro-9-methyl-3-((2-methyl-1H-imidazol-1-yl)methyl)-4H-carbazol-4-one. A competitive serotonin type 3 receptor antagonist. It is effective in the treatment of nausea and vomiting caused by cytotoxic chemotherapy drugs, including cisplatin, and it has reported anxiolytic and neuroleptic properties.
UI = D017294
One-Carbon Group Transferases
MS = A subclass of transferases that transfer chemical groups containing a single carbon. These include the METHYLTRANSFERASES, the HYDROXYMETHYL AND FORMYL TRANSFERASES, the CARBOXYL AND CARBAMOYL TRANSFERASES, and the AMIDINOTRANSFERASES. EC 2.1.
UI = D019875
Onions
AN = as plant & food; selected qualif from Cat B6 & J2
MS = Herbaceous biennial plants and their edible bulbs, belonging to the Liliaceae.
UI = D019697
Onium Compounds
AN = DF: ONIUM CPDS
UI = D009861
Online Systems
AN = IM; coord with discipline, site or application where used (IM)
MS = Systems where the input data enter the computer directly from the point of origin (usually a terminal or workstation) and/or in which output data are transmitted directly to that terminal point of origin. (Sippl, Computer Dictionary, 4th ed)
UI = D009862
Only Child
MS = Child who has no siblings.
UI = D009863
Ontario
AN = a province of Canada
MS = A province of Canada lying between the provinces of Manitoba and Quebec. Its capital is Toronto. It takes its name from Lake Ontario which is said to represent the Iroquois oniatariio, beautiful lake. (From Webster's New Geographical Dictionary, 1988, p892 & Room, Brewer's Dictionary of Names, 1992, p391)
UI = D009864
Onychomycosis
AN = ringworm of the nails; do not coord with NAILS; specify FOOT DERMATOSES (NIM) or HAND DERMATOSES (NIM)
MS = A fungal infection of the nail plate, usually caused by a species of Epidermophyton, Microsporum, or Trichophyton, and producing opaque, white, thickened, friable, and brittle nails. (Dorland, 27th ed)
UI = D014009
Onygenales
MS = An order of fungi in the phylum ASCOMYCOTA containing many medically important species. There are four families and mitosporic (anamorphic) forms are prominent.
UI = D020036
Oocyte Donation
AN = transfer of ovum from donor to host mother
MS = Transfer of egg cell from donor to host mother. Oocytes are captured by laparoscopy, fertilized in vitro, and transferred to the recipient. Patient candidates include women with premature ovarian failure or severe genetic disorders, women who respond poorly to human menopausal gonadotropin, and women older than 40 years who do not conceive with use of other therapies. (From Lancet 1982 May 8;1(8280):1031-3)
UI = D018587
Open Reading Frames
AN = "reading frame" is defined at READING FRAMES
MS = Reading frames where successive nucleotide triplets can be read as codons specifying amino acids and where the sequence of these triplets is not interrupted by stop codons.
UI = D016366
Ophthalmologic Surgical Procedures
AN = GEN or unspecified; prefer specifics; consider also /surg with specific parts of the eye; also EYE DISEASES /surg or /surg with specific eye dis; DF: OPHTHALMOL SURG PROCEDURES
MS = Surgery performed on the eye or any of its parts.
UI = D013508
Ophthalmoplegia, Chronic Progressive External
AN = one of the mitochondrial encephalomyopathies; this ophthalmoplegia with cardiomyopathy & retinitis pigmentosa = KEARNS SYNDROME; DF: note short X ref
MS = One of the MITOCHONDRIAL ENCEPHALOMYOPATHIES characterized by slowly progressive paralysis of the extraocular muscles. Muscle biopsies disclose the characteristic ragged red fibers and large numbers of mitochondria with deleted DNA.
UI = D017246
Ophthalmoscopes
AN = do not use /util except by MeSH definition
MS = Instruments containing a perforated mirror and lenses to examine the interior of the eye. (Dorland, 28th ed)
UI = D019721
Opioid Peptides
MS = The endogenous peptides with opiate-like activity. The three major classes currently recognized are the ENKEPHALINS, the DYNORPHINS, and the ENDORPHINS. Each of these families derives from different precursors, proenkephalin, prodynorphin, and pro-opiomelanocortin, respectively. There are also at least three classes of opioid receptors, but the peptide families do not map to the receptors in a simple way.
UI = D018847
Opioid-Related Disorders
AN = GEN or unspecified; restrict to only addictive narcotics; coord IM with specific narcotic (IM) but MORPHINE DEPENDENCE & HEROIN DEPENDENCE are also available; X refs OPIATE ADDICTION & OPIATE DEPENDENCE do not mean "opium": they refer to syn or nat opium deriv & other substances with similar eff
MS = Disorders related or resulting from abuse or mis-use of opioids.
UI = D009293
Opsin
AN = a retinal pigment; do not confuse X ref ROD-OPSIN with RHODOPSIN
MS = A visual pigment protein found in the retinal rods. It combines with retinaldehyde to form RHODOPSIN.
UI = D017299
Optic Disk Drusen
AN = hyalin bodies in optic nerve; do not confuse with RETINAL DRUSEN, colloid or hyalin bodies under retinal pigment
MS = Hyaline bodies occurring in the intra-ocular portion of the optic nerve. They are distinguished from RETINAL DRUSEN, which lie beneath the retinal pigment epithelium. This disorder is differentiated also from PAPILLEDEMA by the absence of dilated retinal vessels.
UI = D015594
Optic Nerve Neoplasms
AN = coord IM with histol type of neopl (IM); /blood supply /chem /second /secret /ultrastruct permitted
UI = D019574
Optic Neuropathy, Ischemic
MS = A severely blinding disease resulting from loss of the arterial blood supply to the optic nerve as a result of occlusive disorders of the nutrient arteries. Optic neuropathy is divided into anterior, which causes a pale edema of the optic disk, and posterior, in which the optic disk is not swollen and the abnormality occurs between the globe and the optic chiasm. Ischemic anterior optic neuropathy usually causes a loss of vision that may be sudden or occur over several days; ischemic posterior optic neuropathy is uncommon and the diagnosis depends largely upon exclusion of other causes, chiefly stroke and brain tumor. (Cline, et al., Dictionary of Visual Science, 4th ed, p472 & Newell, Ophthalmology, 7th ed, p349-50)
UI = D018917
Optical Storage Devices
AN = do not use /util except by MeSH definition
MS = A computer disk read by a laser beam, containing data prerecorded by a vendor. The buyer cannot enter or modify data in any way but the advantages lie in the speed of accessibility, relative immunity to damage, and relatively low cost of purchase.
UI = D016249
Oocytes
AN = A 11 qualif & /growth
MS = Female germ cells in stages between the prophase of the first maturation division and the completion of the second maturation division.
UI = D009865
Oogenesis
MS = The formation, development, and maturation of the female germ cell.
UI = D009866
Oogonia
AN = A 11 qualif & /growth
MS = The primitive differentiated female gametes which give rise to oocytes.
UI = D009867
Oomycetes
AN = a group of algae formerly classed as fungi
MS = A group of algae, formerly considered fungi, whose exact taxonmomic level is unsettled. Many consider Oomycetes (Oomycota) a phylum in the kingdom Stramenopila, or alternatively, as Pseudofungi in the phylum Heterokonta of the kingdom Chromista. They are morphologically similar to fungi but have no close phylogenetic relationship to them. Oomycetes are found in both fresh and salt water as well as in terrestrial environments. (Alexopoulos et al., Introductory Mycology, 4th ed, pp683-4)
UI = D009868
Oophoritis
AN = inflamm of ovary
MS = Inflammation of an ovary.
UI = D009869
Operating Room Information Systems
MS = Information systems, usually computer-assisted, designed to store, manipulate, and retrieve information for planning, organizing, directing, and controlling administrative activities associated with the provision and utilization of operating room services and facilities.
UI = D009870
Operating Room Nursing
AN = a nurs SPEC: a type of PERIOPERATIVE NURSING; DF: OPERATING ROOM NURS
MS = The functions of the professional nurse in the operating room.
UI = D009871
Operating Room Technicians
MS = Specially trained personnel to assist in routine technical procedures in the operating room.
UI = D009872
Operating Rooms
MS = Facilities equipped for performing surgery.
UI = D009873
Operations Research
AN = no qualif
MS = A group of techniques developed to apply scientific methods and tools to solve the problems of decision making in complex organizations and systems. Operations research searches for optimal solutions in situations of conflicting goals and makes use of mathematical models from which solutions for actual problems may be derived. (From Psychiatric Dictionary, 6th ed)
UI = D009874
Operator Regions (Genetics)
AN = DF: OPERATOR REGIONS
MS = DNA sequences which signal the initiation of transcription when derepressed.
UI = D009875
Operon
AN = LAC OPERON & RRNA OPERON are also available
MS = The genetic unit consisting of a feedback system under the control of an operator gene, in which a structural gene transcribes its message in the form of mRNA upon blockade of a repressor produced by a regulator gene. Included here is the attenuator site of bacterial operons where transcription termination is regulated.
UI = D009876
Ophthalmia Neonatorum
AN = bact conjunctivitis; do not use /congen & do not coord with INFANT, NEWBORN, DISEASES CATALOG: do not use /in inf
MS = Acute conjunctival inflammation in the newborn, usually caused by maternal gonococcal infection. The causative agent is NEISSERIA GONORRHOEAE. The baby's eyes are contaminated during passage through the birth canal.
UI = D009878
Ophthalmia, Sympathetic
AN = a type of uveitis: note X ref
MS = Granulomatous uveitis which follows in one eye after a penetrating injury to the other eye; the secondarily affected eye is called the sympathizing eye, and the injured eye is called the exciting or activating eye.
UI = D009879
Ophthalmic Artery
MS = Artery originating from the internal carotid artery and distributing to the eye, orbit and adjacent facial structures.
UI = D009880
Ophthalmic Assistants
MS = Persons academically trained to care for patients with eye diseases or structural defects of the eye, under the supervision of an ophthalmologist.
UI = D009881
Ophthalmic Nerve
AN = a branch of the trigeminal (5th cranial) nerve; dis: coord IM with CRANIAL NERVE DISEASES (IM); neopl: coord IM with CRANIAL NERVE NEOPLASMS (IM) + histol type of neopl (IM)
MS = A sensory branch of the trigeminal (5th cranial) nerve. The ophthalmic nerve carries general afferents from the superficial division of the face including the eyeball, conjunctiva, upper eyelid, upper nose, nasal mucosa, and scalp.
UI = D009882
Ophthalmic Solutions
AN = sterile solutions for instillation into the eyes: not for solutions for cleaning eyeglass lenses ( = SOLUTIONS + specific type of lens); not for cleaning contact lenses ( = CONTACT LENS SOLUTIONS); D25-26 qualif if IM & GEN; NIM coord with no qualif + specific drug IM; DF: OPHTHALMIC SOL
MS = Sterile solutions, essentially free from foreign particles and suitably compounded and dispensed, for instillation into the eye. It does not include solutions for cleaning eyeglasses or CONTACT LENS SOLUTIONS. (From Dorland, 27th ed)
UI = D009883
Ophthalmodynamometry
AN = to measure retinal arterial pressure; do not use /util except by MeSH definition
MS = Measurement of the blood pressure of the retinal vessels. It is used also for the determination of the near point of convergence (CONVERGENCE, OCULAR). (From Cline, et al., Dictionary of Visual Science, 4th ed)
UI = D009884
Ophthalmology
AN = SPEC: SPEC qualif; DF: OPHTHALMOL
MS = A surgical specialty concerned with the structure and function of the eye and the medical and surgical treatment of its defects and diseases.
UI = D009885
Ophthalmoplegia
AN = paralysis of the oculomotor muscles: do not confuse X ref OCULOMOTOR PARALYSIS with OCULOMOTOR NERVE PARALYSIS
MS = Paralysis of the ocular muscles, innervated by the oculomotor, trochlear, and abducens nerves.
UI = D009886
Ophthalmoscopy
AN = do not use /util except by MeSH definition
MS = Examination of the interior of the eye with an ophthalmoscope.
UI = D009887
Opipramol
AN = an antidepressant
MS = A tricyclic antidepressant with actions similar to AMITRIPTYLINE.
UI = D009888
Opisthorchiasis
AN = trematode infect caused by genus OPISTHORCHIS but not OPISTHORCHIS SINENSIS ( = CLONORCHIS SINENSIS, causing CLONORCHIASIS)
MS = Infection with flukes of the genus Opisthorchis.
UI = D009889
Opisthorchidae
AN = a family of trematodes; infection: coord IM with TREMATODE INFECTIONS (IM); for antigens, coord with ANTIGENS, HELMINTH, for antibodies, coord with ANTIBODIES, HELMINTH
MS = A family of lanceolate liver flukes of the class Trematoda which occurs in animals and man. There are several genera including Amphimerus, Cyclorchis, Delphinicola, Metorchis, Parametorchis, Phocitrema, Clonorchis, and Opisthorchis.
UI = D009890
Opisthorchis
AN = infection = OPISTHORCHIASIS but note OPISTHORCHIS SINENSIS see CLONORCHIS SINENSIS: O. sinensis infection = CLONORCHIASIS; for antigens, coord with ANTIGENS, HELMINTH, for antibodies, coord with ANTIBODIES, HELMINTH
MS = A genus of trematode liver flukes of the family Opisthorchidae. It consists of the following species: O. felineus, O. noverca (Amphimerus noverca), and O. viverrini. The intermediate hosts are snails, fish, and amphibia.
UI = D009891
Opium
AN = a narcotic analgesic from the poppy, Papaver; opium addiction: coord IM with OPIOID-RELATED DISORDERS (IM)
MS = The air-dried exudate from the unripe seed capsule of the opium poppy, Papaver somniferum, or its variant, P. album. It contains a number of alkaloids, but only a few - MORPHINE, CODEINE, and PAPAVERINE - have clinical significance. Opium has been used as an analgesic, antitussive, antidiarrheal, and antispasmodic.
UI = D009892
Opossums
AN = IM; qualif permitted
MS = Marsupials of the family Didelphidae. Opossums are common, omnivorous, largely nocturnal and arboreal mammals, grow to about three feet in length, including the scaly prehensile tail, have coarse grayish fur mingled with whitish hairs, and have an abdominal pouch in which the young are carried at birth. (Webster, 3d ed)
UI = D009893
Opportunistic Infections
AN = "an infect caused by an organism which becomes pathogenic under certain conditions, e.g., during immunosuppression"; coord IM with specific name of opportunistic infect (IM) + specific infect to which it is opportunistic (IM), using /compl for all 3
MS = An infection caused by an organism which becomes pathogenic under certain conditions, e.g., during immunosuppression.
UI = D009894
Opsonins
AN = antibodies
UI = D009895
Optic Atrophy
AN = atrophy of optic disk; /genet permitted but do not confuse with OPTIC ATROPHY, HEREDITARY
MS = Atrophy of the optic disk resulting from degeneration of the nerve fibers of the optic nerve and optic tract. (Dorland, 27th ed)
UI = D009896
Optic Atrophy, Hereditary
AN = do not coord with INFANT, NEWBORN, DISEASES CATALOG: do not use /in inf
MS = An inherited disorder in which optic atrophy is associated with muscle weakness, peroneal muscular atrophy and, in some patients, lancinating pains. In these patients the peripheral sensory neurons are probably affected.
UI = D015418
Optic Chiasm
AN = point where both optic nerves meet; neopl: coord IM with CRANIAL NERVE NEOPLASMS (IM) + histol type of neopl (IM)
MS = The X-shaped structure formed by the meeting of the two optic nerves. At the optic chiasm the fibers from the medial part of each retina cross to project to the other side of the brain while the lateral retinal fibers continue on the same side. As a result each half of the brain receives information about the contralateral visual field from both eyes.
UI = D009897
Optic Disk
AN = neopl: coord IM with OPTIC NERVE NEOPLASMS (IM) + histol type of neopl (IM); do not confuse "optic cup" ( = EYE /embryol) with "optic disk cupping" ( = OPTIC DISK + GLAUCOMA)
MS = The portion of the optic nerve seen in the fundus with the ophthalmoscope. It is formed by the meeting of all the retinal ganglion cell axons as they enter the optic nerve.
UI = D009898
Optic Lobe
AN = in lower animals only: do not confuse with optic lobe in vertebrates ( = CORPORA QUADRIGEMINA)
MS = In invertebrate zoology, a lateral lobe of the forebrain in certain arthropods. In vertebrate zoology, either of the corpora bigemina of lower vertebrates. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed, p1329)
UI = D009899
Optic Nerve
AN = 2d cranial nerve; neopl = OPTIC NERVE NEOPLASMS (IM) + histol type of neopl (IM); atrophy = OPTIC ATROPHY; neuritis = OPTIC NEURITIS; optic nerve head = OPTIC DISK
MS = The 2nd cranial nerve. The optic nerve conveys visual information from the retina to the brain. The nerve carries the axons of the retinal ganglion cells which sort at the optic chiasm and continue via the optic tracts to the brain. The largest projection is to the lateral geniculate nuclei; other important targets include the superior colliculi and the suprachiasmatic nuclei. Though known as the second cranial nerve, it is considered part of the central nervous system.
UI = D009900
Optic Nerve Diseases
AN = SMON: see note on OPTIC NEURITIS; inflamm dis = OPTIC NEURITIS
MS = Diseases of the optic nerve.
UI = D009901
Optic Neuritis
AN = = neuritis of optic nerve; SMON (Subacute Myelo-Optico-Neuropathy) is indexed here + MYELITIS + SYNDROME
MS = Inflammation of the optic nerve. It may affect the part of the nerve within the eyeball (neuropapillitis) or the portion behind the eyeball (retrobulbar neuritis). (Dorland, 27th ed)
UI = D009902
Optical Illusions
MS = An illusion of vision usually affecting spatial relations.
UI = D009903
Optical Rotation
AN = NIM; no qualif
UI = D009904
Optical Rotatory Dispersion
AN = a type of spectrum anal; NIM
MS = The method of measuring the dispersion of an optically active molecule to determine the relative magnitude of right- or left-handed components and sometimes structural features of the molecule.
UI = D009905
Optics
UI = D009906
Optometry
AN = SPEC: SPEC qualif
MS = The professional practice of primary eye and vision care that includes the measurement of visual refractive power and the correction of visual defects with lenses or glasses.
UI = D009907
Oral Fistula
AN = abnorm passage in the mouth; GEN or unspecified; prefer specifics; fistula policy: Manual 23.19+
MS = An abnormal passage within the mouth communicating between two or more anatomical structures.
UI = D016155
Oral Health
AN = differentiate from ORAL HYGIENE; oral health is the state of health of the mouth
MS = The optimal state of the mouth and normal functioning of the organs of the mouth without evidence of disease.
UI = D009909
Oral Hemorrhage
AN = not hemorrh from the mouth but hemorrh of oral tissue; do not confuse with BLEEDING ON PROBING, GINGIVAL see PERIODONTAL INDEX
MS = Bleeding from the blood vessels of the mouth, which may occur as a result of injuries to the mouth, accidents in oral surgery, or diseases of the gums; the term should not be used for the escape of blood from the mouth due to internal injuries.
UI = D006472
Oral Hygiene
AN = differentiate from ORAL HEALTH; oral hyg is care toward maintaining good oral health performed by the person himself or a caregiver in the case of invalid or disabled persons; differentiate also from DENTAL CARE, care by professionals; for oral hyg using dental floss, water picks, etc. use DENTAL DEVICES, HOME CARE or TOOTHBRUSHING
MS = The practice of personal hygiene of the mouth. It includes the maintenance of oral cleanliness, tissue tone, and general preservation of oral health.
UI = D009910
Oral Hygiene Index
AN = no qualif
MS = A combination of the debris index and the dental calculus index to determine the status of oral hygiene.
UI = D009911
Oral Manifestations
AN = not used for indexing since 1989; prior to 1989 used for oral manifest of non-oral diseases
MS = Disorders of the mouth attendant upon non-oral disease or injury.
UI = D009912
Oral Medicine
AN = "a branch of dentistry dealing with dis of the oral & paraoral struct & the oral management of system dis"; SPEC: SPEC qualif; X ref STOMATOLOGY: seen most often in foreign lit: translate as "oral medicine"; "stomatol dis" = MOUTH DISEASES
MS = A branch of dentistry dealing with diseases of the oral and paraoral structures and the oral management of systemic diseases. (Hall, What is Oral Medicine, Anyway? Clinical Update: National Naval Dental Center, March 1991, p7-8)
UI = D019242
Oral Stage
AN = no qualif
MS = The earliest of the stages of infantile psychosexual development, lasting from birth to 12 months or longer.
UI = D009913
Oral Submucous Fibrosis
UI = D009914
Oral Surgical Procedures
MS = Procedures used to treat disease, injuries, and defects of the oral and maxillofacial region.
UI = D019647
Oral Surgical Procedures, Preprosthetic
MS = Surgery necessary for a denture to rest on a firm base, free from marked osseous protuberances or undercuts, and devoid of interfering muscle attachments, excess mucoperiosteum, hyperplasias, and fibrous or papillary growths.
UI = D013516
Oral Ulcer
AN = coord IM with cause (IM) if pertinent; not a synonym for STOMATITIS, APHTHOUS
MS = A loss of mucous substance of the mouth showing local excavation of the surface, resulting from the sloughing of inflammatory necrotic tissue. It is the result of a variety of causes, e.g., denture irritation, aphthous stomatitis (STOMATITIS, APHTHOUS), NOMA, necrotizing gingivitis (GINGIVITIS, NECROTIZING, ULCERATIVE), TOOTHBRUSHING, and various irritants. (From Jablonski, Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992, p842)
UI = D019226
Orbit
AN = bony cavity & its contents as a unit; not a synonym for EYE
UI = D009915
Orbit Evisceration
AN = "removal of the contents of the orbit" (see MeSH definition): do not confuse with EYE EVISCERATION, "removal of the inner contents of the eye, leaving the sclera intact"; do not use /util except by MeSH definition
MS = The surgical removal of the contents of the orbit. This includes the eyeball, blood vessels, muscles, fat, nerve supply, and periosteum. It should be differentiated from EYE EVISCERATION which removes the inner contents of the eye, leaving the sclera intact.
UI = D017233
Orbital Diseases
AN = dis of bony cavity & its contents except eyeball ( = EYE DISEASES or specifics)
MS = Diseases of the bony orbit and contents except the eyeball.
UI = D009916
Orbital Fractures
AN = ZYGOMATIC FRACTURES & MAXILLARY FRACTURES are also available
MS = Fractures of the bones in the orbit, which include parts of the frontal, ethmoidal, lacrimal, and sphenoid bones and the maxilla and zygoma.
UI = D009917
Orbital Implants
MS = Rounded objects made of coral, teflon, or alloplastic polymer and covered with sclera, and which are implanted in the orbit following enucleation. An artificial eye (EYE, ARTIFICIAL) is usually attached to the anterior of the orbital implant for cosmetic purposes.
UI = D020273
Orbital Neoplasms
AN = neopl of bony cavity & its contents except eyeball ( = EYE NEOPLASMS or specifics); /blood supply /chem /second /secret /ultrastruct permitted; coord IM with histol type of neopl (IM)
MS = Neoplasms of the bony orbit and contents except the eyeball.
UI = D009918
Orbivirus
AN = a genus of the family Reoviridae; from Latin orbi-, ring, with reference to its ring-shaped capsid; infection: coord IM with REOVIRIDAE INFECTIONS (IM)
MS = A genus of REOVIRIDAE infecting a wide range of arthropods and vertebrates including humans. It comprises at least twelve serological subgroups. Transmission is by vectors such as midges, mosquitoes, sandflies, and ticks.
UI = D018163
Orchiectomy
AN = do not use /util except by MeSH definition; check tags MALE & ANIMAL or HUMAN
MS = The surgical removal of one or both testicles.
UI = D009919
Orchitis
AN = inflamm of testis
MS = Inflammation of a testis. The disease is marked by pain, swelling, and a feeling of weight. It may occur idiopathically, or it may be associated with conditions such as mumps, gonorrhea, filarial disease, syphilis, or tuberculosis. (Dorland, 27th ed)
UI = D009920
Orciprenaline
AN = a bronchodilator
MS = A beta-adrenergic agonist used in the treatment of asthma and bronchospasms.
UI = D009921
Oregon
UI = D009922
Orf Virus
AN = a poxvirus; orf is a Brit word probably of Scand origin related to the Norweg word for scab, with reference to the skin lesions; infection = ECTHYMA, CONTAGIOUS but see note there
MS = The type species of PARAPOXVIRUS which causes a skin infection in natural hosts, usually young sheep. Humans may contract local skin lesions by contact. The virus apparently persists in soil.
UI = D009923
Organ Culture
AN = NIM; TISSUE CULTURE & CELL CULTURE are also available
MS = A technique for maintenance or growth of animal organs in vitro. It refers to three-dimensional cultures of undisaggregated tissue retaining some or all of the histological features of the tissue in vivo. (Freshney, Culture of Animal Cells, 3d ed, p1)
UI = D009924
Organ of Corti
MS = The organ that contains the special sensory receptors for hearing. It is composed of a series of epithelial structures placed upon the inner part of the basilar membrane.
UI = D009925
Organ Preservation
AN = cryopreservation of organ: coord IM with organ (IM with no qualif) + CRYOPRESERVATION (IM)
UI = D009926
Organ Preservation Solutions
AN = IM; coord with specific chem components of solution (IM) + specific organ or tissue (IM with no qualif)
MS = Solutions used to store organs, particulary those awaiting implantation.
UI = D019188
Organ Procurement
AN = all admin aspects of retrieving & processing for organ transplantation: see MeSH definition
MS = The obtaining of organs for transplantation, which includes methods of obtaining through programs, systems, or organizations. It includes also the transporting of donor organs, after surgical removal, to the hospital for processing and transplant.
UI = D009927
Organ Specificity
AN = IM GEN only; coord NIM with specific organ (IM); "tissue specificity" goes here if reasonable (i.e., liver tissue specificity = LIVER + ORGAN SPECIFICITY but connective tissue specificity is not CONNECTIVE TISSUE + ORGAN SPECIFICITY)
MS = Restriction of a characteristic or response to a particular organ of the body; it usually refers to that property of the immune response which differentiates one organ from another on the basis of antigen recognition, but the concept is not limited to immunology.
UI = D009928
Organ Transplantation
AN = GEN & unspecified only: prefer /transpl with organs (Manual 19.7+, 19.8.75) but many specific precoord organ/transpl terms are available; available also are several types of technical transpl terms (e.g., TRANSPLANTATION, HETEROLOGOUS); immunol of organ transpl = TRANSPLANTATION IMMUNOLOGY; DF: ORGAN TRANSPL
MS = Transference of an organ between individuals of the same species or between individuals of different species.
UI = D016377
Organ Weight
AN = almost never IM; use Cat G qualif; coord NIM with organ /anat (IM) (or /growth if pertinent) or disease /pathol (IM)
UI = D009929
Organelles
AN = A 11 qualif except /cytol; /genet permitted; do not confuse with ORGANOIDS: read MeSH definitions & follow text
MS = Specific, usually subcellular, particles of membrane-bound organized living substances present in practically all eukaryotic cells, including mitochondria, the Golgi complex, endoplasmic reticulum, lysosomes, centrioles and the cell center, as well as the plastids of plant cells. Includes also the minute organs of protozoa concerned with such functions as locomotion and metabolism.
UI = D015388
Organic Chemicals
AN = GEN or unspecified; prefer specific groups or specific chemicals
MS = A broad class of substances containing carbon and its derivatives. Many of these chemicals will frequently contain hydrogen with or without oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, phosphorus, and other elements. They exist in either carbon chain or carbon ring form.
UI = D009930
Organisms, Transgenic
AN = GEN or unspecified; prefer specifics
MS = Organisms that have had genes from other species inserted into their genome.
UI = D020251
Organization and Administration
AN = GEN only: prefer /organ: Manual 19.7+, 19.8.49; almost never IM; DF: ORGAN ADMIN but do not confuse with ORGAN for ORGANIZATIONS
MS = The planning and managing of programs, services, and resources.
UI = D009934
Organizational Affiliation
AN = med or non-med affiliation; DF: ORGAN AFFILIATION
MS = Formal relationships established between otherwise independent organizations. These include affiliation agreements, interlocking boards, common controls, hospital medical school affiliations, etc.
UI = D009935
Organizational Case Studies
AN = excludes clinical studies
MS = Descriptions and evaluations of specific health care organizations.
UI = D019982
Organizational Culture
AN = "beliefs & values shared by all members of the organization"; NIM; coord with specific organization (IM); no qualif
MS = Beliefs and values shared by all members of the organization. These shared values are reflected in the day to day operations of the organization.
UI = D015279
Organizational Innovation
AN = NIM; coord with specific organiz (IM); DF: ORGAN INNOVATION
MS = Introduction of changes which are new to the organization and are created by management.
UI = D009936
Organizational Objectives
AN = NIM; coord with specific organiz (IM); DF: ORGAN OBJECTIVES
MS = The purposes, missions, and goals of an individual organization or its units, established through administrative processes. It includes an organization's long-range plans and administrative philosophy.
UI = D009937
Organizational Policy
AN = no qualif; specify corporate body if pertinent
MS = A course or method of action selected, usually by an organization, institution, university, society, etc., from among alternatives to guide and determine present and future decisions and positions on public matters. It does not include internal policy relating to the organization and administration within the corporate body, for which ORGANIZATION AND ADMINISTRATION is available.
UI = D016134
Organizations
AN = has a limited use since there are other more specific terms available; read notes under SOCIETIES, SOCIETIES, MEDICAL & SOCIETIES, SCIENTIFIC for likely exclusions: ORGANIZATIONS tends to be for groups with a common goal based on interest, SOCIETIES tends to be for groups with common educ or professional status: TN 174; policy: Manual 35.9; specify geog: Manual 36.15; DF: ORGAN but do not confuse with ORGAN ADMIN for ORGANIZATION AND ADMINISTRATION CATALOG: /geog /form
MS = Administration and functional structures for the purpose of collectively systematizing activities for a particular goal.
UI = D009938
Organizations, Nonprofit
AN = DF: ORGAN NONPROFIT
MS = Organizations which are not operated for a profit and may be supported by endowments or private contributions.
UI = D009939
Organoids
AN = A 11 qualif except /cytol; do not confuse with ORGANELLES: read MeSH definitions & follow text
MS = An organization of cells of different tissue types generated in culture to simulate an organ. The term can also refer to certain neoplasms that contain cytologic and histologic elements arranged in a pattern that closely resembles or is virtually identical to a normal organ.
UI = D009940
Organomercury Compounds
AN = DF: ORGANOMERCURY CPDS
MS = Organic compounds which contain mercury as an integral part of the molecule.
UI = D009941
Organometallic Compounds
AN = GEN or unspecified; prefer specific groups or specific cpd; DF: ORGANOMETALLIC CPDS
MS = A class of compounds of the type R-M, where a C atom is joined directly to any other element except H, C, N, O, F, Cl, Br, I, or At. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)
UI = D009942
Organophosphorus Compounds
AN = includes organopyrophosphorus cpds; organophosphates & organopyrophosphates go under Phosphoric Acid Esters; /antag permitted but consider also CHOLINESTERASE REACTIVATORS; DF: ORGANOPHOSPHORUS CPDS
MS = Organic compounds that contain phosphorus as an integral part of the molecule.
UI = D009943
Organoplatinum Compounds
AN = DF: ORGANOPLATINUM CPDS
MS = Organic compounds which contain platinum as an integral part of the molecule.
UI = D009944
Organoselenium Compounds
AN = DF: ORGANOSELENIUM CPDS
MS = Organic compounds which contain selenium as an integral part of the molecule.
UI = D016566
Organosilicon Compounds
AN = DF: ORGANOSILICON CPDS
MS = Organic compounds that contain silicon as an integral part of the molecule.
UI = D017646
Organotechnetium Compounds
AN = DF: ORGANOTECHNETIUM CPDS
MS = Organic compounds that contain technetium as an integral part of the molecule. These compounds are often used as radionuclide imaging agents.
UI = D015609
Organotherapy
AN = ther using animal organs or their extracts; TISSUE THERAPY is also available; do not use /util except by MeSH definition
MS = Historically, the treatment of disease by the administration of animal organs or their extracts (after Brown-Sequard). At present synthetic preparations substitute for the extracts of a gland. (From Stedman, 26th ed)
UI = D009945
Organothiophosphorus Compounds
AN = includes organothiophosphates; /antag permitted but consider also CHOLINESTERASE REACTIVATORS; DF: ORGANOTHIOPHOSPHORUS CPDS
MS = Compounds containing carbon-phosphorus bonds in which the phosphorus component is also bonded to one or more sulfur atoms. Many of these compounds function as pesticides (e.g., INSECTICIDES, ORGANOTHIOPHOSPHATE).
UI = D009946
Organotin Compounds
AN = DF: ORGANOTIN CPDS
MS = Organic compounds which contain tin in the molecule. Used widely in industry and agriculture.
UI = D009947
Orgasm
MS = The crisis of sexual excitement in either humans or animals.
UI = D009948
Orientia tsutsugamushi
AN = infection = SCRUB TYPHUS
MS = A gram-negative, rod-shaped to coccoid bacterium. It is the etiologic agent of SCRUB TYPHUS in humans and is transmitted by mites from rodent reservoirs.
UI = D012285
Orientation
AN = human & animal
MS = Awareness of oneself in relation to time, place and person.
UI = D009949
Ornidazole
AN = an amebicide & antitrichomonal
MS = alpha-(Chloromethyl)-2-methyl-5-nitro-1H-imidazole-1-ethanol. A nitroimidazole antiprotozoal agent used in ameba and trichomonas infections. It is partially plasma-bound and also has radiation-sensitizing action.
UI = D009950
Ornipressin
AN = a vasoconstrictor
MS = 8-L-Ornithine vasopressin. A synthetic analog of vasopressin with ornithine in position 8 of the cyclic octapeptide chain. It is used as a local vasoconstrictor and hemostatic.
UI = D009951
Ornithine
AN = an amino acid; /biosyn /physiol permitted
MS = An amino acid produced in the urea cycle by the splitting off of urea from arginine.
UI = D009952
Ornithine-Oxo-Acid Transaminase
MS = A pyridoxal phosphate enzyme that catalyzes the formation of glutamate gamma-semialdehyde and an L-amino acid from L-ornithine and a 2-keto-acid. EC 2.6.1.13.
UI = D009953
Ornithine Carbamoyltransferase
AN = /defic: consider also AMMONIA /blood (IM) + AMINO ACID METABOLISM, INBORN ERRORS (IM)
MS = An enzyme of the transferase class that catalyzes the reaction of carbamoyl phosphate and L-ornithine to yield orthophosphate and L-citrulline. The enzyme occurs in the liver. The reaction is a part of the urea cycle. Genetic deficiency of the enzyme, an X-linked trait, impairs urea formation and produces hyperammonemia. (From Dorland, 27th ed) EC 2.1.3.3.
UI = D009954
Ornithine Decarboxylase
MS = A pyridoxal-phosphate protein, believed to be the rate-limiting compound in the biosynthesis of polyamines. It catalyzes the decarboxylation of ornithine to form putrescine, which is then linked to a propylamine moiety of decarboxylated S-adenosylmethionine to form spermidine. EC 4.1.1.17.
UI = D009955
Ornithosis
AN = caused by Chlamydia psittaci
MS = Infection with CHLAMYDIA PSITTACI, transmitted to man by inhalation of dust-borne contaminated nasal secretions or excreta of infected birds. This infection results in a febrile illness characterized by pneumonitis and systemic manifestations.
UI = D009956
Oroantral Fistula
AN = abnorm passage between maxillary sinus & mouth; fistula policy: Manual 23.19+
MS = A fistula between the maxillary sinus and the oral cavity, sometimes through the tooth socket. (Jablonski, Illustrated Dictionary of Dentistry)
UI = D009957
Orofaciodigital Syndromes
AN = do not use /congen & do not coord with INFANT, NEWBORN, DISEASES CATALOG: do not use /in inf
MS = Two syndromes of oral, facial, and digital malformations. Type I (Papillon-Leage and Psaume syndrome, Gorlin-Psaume syndrome) is inherited as an X-linked dominant trait and is found only in females and XXY males. Type II (Mohr syndrome) is inherited as an autosomal recessive trait.
UI = D009958
Oropharyngeal Neoplasms
AN = /blood supply /chem /second /secret /ultrastruct permitted; coord IM with histol type of neopl (IM)
UI = D009959
Oropharynx
AN = inflammation: index under PHARYNGITIS & do not bother to coord with OROPHARYNX (NIM) unless particularly discussed
MS = Oral part of the pharynx.
UI = D009960
Orosomucoid
AN = an alpha-globulin
UI = D009961
Orotate Phosphoribosyltransferase
AN = /defic: consider also OROTIC ACID /urine (IM) + PURINE-PYRIMIDINE METABOLISM, INBORN ERRORS (IM)
MS = The enzyme catalyzing the formation of orotidine-5'-phosphoric acid (orotidylic acid) from orotic acid and 5-phosphoribosyl-1-pyrophosphate in the course of pyrimidine nucleotide biosynthesis. EC 2.4.2.10.
UI = D009962
Orotic Acid
UI = D009963
Orotidine-5'-Phosphate Decarboxylase
AN = /defic: consider also OROTIC ACID /urine (IM) + PURINE-PYRIMIDINE METABOLISM, INBORN ERRORS (IM); DF: OMP DECARBOXYLASE
MS = Orotidine-5'-phosphate carboxy-lyase. Catalyzes the decarboxylation of orotidylic acid to yield uridylic acid in the final step of the pyrimidine nucleotide biosynthesis pathway. EC 4.1.1.23.
UI = D009964
Orphan Drug Production
MS = Production of drugs or biologicals which are unlikely to be manufactured by private industry unless special incentives are provided by others.
UI = D009965
Orphanages
AN = hist or modern usage CATALOG: /geog /form
MS = Institutions for the housing and care of orphans, foundlings, and abandoned children. They have existed as such since the medieval period but the heading is applicable to such usage also in modern parlance.
UI = D019372
Orphenadrine
MS = A muscarinic antagonist used to treat drug-induced parkinsonism and to relieve pain from muscle spasm.
UI = D009966
Orthodontic Appliances
MS = Devices used for influencing tooth position. Orthodontic appliances may be classified as fixed or removable, active or retaining, and intraoral or extraoral. (Boucher's Clinical Dental Terminology, 4th ed, p19)
UI = D009967
Orthodontic Appliance Design
AN = coord IM with specific appliance (IM or NIM) or orthodontic tech /instrum (IM or NIM)
MS = The planning, calculation, and creation of an apparatus for the purpose of correcting the placement or straightening of teeth.
UI = D016382
Orthodontic Appliances, Functional
MS = Loose, usually removable intra-oral devices which alter the muscle forces against the teeth and craniofacial skeleton. These are dynamic appliances which depend on altered neuromuscular action to effect bony growth and occlusal development. They are usually used in mixed dentition to treat pediatric malocclusions. (ADA, 1992)
UI = D017289
Orthodontic Appliances, Removable
UI = D009968
Orthodontic Brackets
MS = Small metal or ceramic attachments used to fasten an arch wire. These attachments are soldered or welded to an orthodontic band or cemented directly onto the teeth. Bowles brackets, edgewise brackets, multiphase brackets, ribbon arch brackets, twin-wire brackets, and universal brackets are all types of orthodontic brackets.
UI = D016910
Orthodontic Retainers
MS = Orthodontic appliances, fixed or removable, used to maintain teeth in corrected positions during the period of functional adaptation following corrective treatment. These appliances are also used to maintain the positions of the teeth and jaws gained by orthodontic procedures. (From Zwemer, Boucher's Clinical Dental Terminology, 4th ed, p263)
UI = D018704
Orthodontic Space Closure
MS = Therapeutic closure of spaces caused by the extraction of teeth, the congenital absence of teeth, or the excessive space between teeth.
UI = D019516
Orthodontic Wires
MS = Wires of various dimensions and grades made of stainless steel or precious metal. They are used in orthodontic treatment.
UI = D009969
Orthodontics
AN = SPEC: SPEC qualif; orthopâedie dento-faciale in French titles is translated "orthodontics" & indexed here
MS = A dental specialty concerned with the prevention and correction of dental and oral anomalies (malocclusion).
UI = D009970
Orthodontics, Corrective
AN = do not use /util except by MeSH definition
MS = The phase of orthodontics concerned with the correction of malocclusion with proper appliances and prevention of its sequelae (Jablonski's Illus. Dictionary of Dentistry).
UI = D009971
Orthodontics, Interceptive
AN = do not use /util except by MeSH definition
MS = Recognition and elimination of potential irregularities and malpositions in the developing dentofacial complex.
UI = D009972
Orthodontics, Preventive
AN = do not use /util except by MeSH definition
UI = D009973
Orthohepadnavirus
AN = from ORTHO HEPAtotropic DNA virus; a genus of the family Hepadnaviridae causing hepatitis in man, woodchucks & ground squirrels; infection: coord IM with HEPATITIS, VIRAL, HUMAN (IM) or HEPATITIS, VIRAL, ANIMAL (IM)
MS = A genus of HEPADNAVIRIDAE causing hepatitis in humans, woodchucks, and ground squirrels. It is also associated with human hepatocellular carcinoma. HEPATITIS B VIRUS is the type species.
UI = D017918
Orthomolecular Therapy
AN = a psychother technique; note X ref: /adv eff permitted; DF: ORTHOMOL THER
MS = The use of very large doses of vitamins or other naturally occurring substances normally present in the body, frequently for the treatment of mental disorders.
UI = D009974
Orthomyxoviridae
AN = a family of RNA viruses; infection = ORTHOMYXOVIRIDAE INFECTIONS
MS = A family of RNA viruses causing influenza and other diseases. There are three recognized genera: INFLUENZAVIRUS A, B; INFLUENZAVIRUS C; and THOGOTO-LIKE VIRUSES.
UI = D009975
Orthomyxoviridae Infections
AN = GEN or unspecified; prefer specifics
MS = Virus diseases caused by the ORTHOMYXOVIRIDAE.
UI = D009976
Orthopedic Equipment
AN = nonexpendable & used by the orthopedic surgeon; do not confuse with ORTHOTIC DEVICES used on the patient
MS = Nonexpendable items used in the performance of orthopedic surgery and related therapy. They are differentiated from ORTHOTIC DEVICES, apparatus used to prevent or correct deformities in patients.
UI = D009983
Orthopedic Fixation Devices
AN = TN 124: /adv eff
MS = Devices which are used in the treatment of orthopedic injuries and diseases.
UI = D009984
Orthopedic Nursing
AN = SPEC: SPEC qualif
MS = The specialty or practice of nursing in the care of the orthopedic patient.
UI = D016530
Orthopedic Procedures
AN = do not use /util except by MeSH definition
MS = Procedures used to treat and correct deformities, diseases, and injuries to the skeletal system, its articulations, and associated structures.
UI = D019637
Orthopedics
AN = SPEC: SPEC qualif; Manual 26.19+; orthopedie dento-faciale in French titles is translated "orthodontics" & is indexed under ORTHODONTICS
MS = A surgical specialty which utilizes medical, surgical, and physical methods to treat and correct deformities, diseases, and injuries to the skeletal system, its articulations, and associated structures.
UI = D009985
Orthopoxvirus
AN = a genus of the subfamily Chordopoxvirinae; infection: coord IM with POXVIRIDAE INFECTIONS (IM)
MS = A genus of the family POXVIRIDAE, subfamily CHORDOPOXVIRNINAE, comprising many species infecting mammals. Viruses of this genus cause generalized infections and a rash in some hosts. The type species is VACCINIA VIRUS.
UI = D018155
Orthopsychiatry
AN = SPEC; SPEC qualif; MDs, psychologists, social workers, etc.
MS = The study and treatment of human behavior problems utilizing principles derived from the behavioral, medical, and social science with emphasis on promotion of mental health.
UI = D009986
Orthoptera
AN = do not use /drug eff for insecticides: TN 111
MS = An order of insects comprising two suborders: Caelifera and Ensifera. They consist of GRASSHOPPERS, locusts, and crickets (GRYLLIDAE).
UI = D009987
Orthoptics
AN = SPEC: SPEC qualif; X ref PLEOPTICS is seen in foreign lit
MS = The study and treatment of defects in binocular vision resulting from defects in the optic musculature or of faulty visual habits. It involves a technique of eye exercises designed to correct the visual axes of eyes not properly coordinated for binocular vision.
UI = D009988
Orthoreovirus
AN = a genus of the family Reoviridae; infection: coord IM with REOVIRIDAE INFECTIONS (IM)
MS = A genus of the family REOVIRIDAE infecting vertebrates only. Transmission is horizontal and infected species include humans, birds, cattle, monkeys, sheep, swine, and bats. Reovirus 1, Reovirus 2, and REOVIRUS 3 infect mammals. Reovirus 1 is the type species.
UI = D018165
Orthotic Devices
AN = includes slings, BRACES, etc.
MS = Apparatus used to support, align, prevent, or correct deformities or to improve the function of movable parts of the body.
UI = D009989
Oryzias
AN = cyprinodontid fish; NIM when exper animal: no qualif; when IM, qualif permitted
MS = A genus of cyprinodontid fish that is an egg layer as opposed to others of the same order which are livebearers. It is used extensively in testing carcinogens.
UI = D009990
Oscillometry
AN = NIM
MS = Measurement of oscillations of any kind. In medicine it is used in studying cardiovascular and respiratory physiology. (Dorland, 28th ed)
UI = D009991
Osmium
AN = Os-192; Os-184, 186-190, = OSMIUM (IM) + ISOTOPES (NIM); Os-181-183, 185, 191, 193-195 = OSMIUM (IM) + RADIOISOTOPES (IM)
MS = Osmium. A very hard, gray, toxic, and nearly infusible metal element, atomic number 76, atomic weight 190.2, symbol Os. (From Dorland, 28th ed)
UI = D009992
Osmium Compounds
AN = inorganic; GEN or unspecified; prefer specifics; DF: OSMIUM CPDS
MS = Inorganic compounds that contain osmium as an integral part of the molecule.
UI = D017892
Osmium Tetroxide
AN = indust & histol uses
MS = (T-4)-Osmium oxide (OsO4). A highly toxic and volatile oxide of osmium used in industry as an oxidizing agent. It is also used as a histological fixative and stain and as a synovectomy agent in arthritic joints. Its vapor can cause eye, skin, and lung damage.
UI = D009993
Osmolar Concentration
AN = NIM; no qualif
MS = The concentration of osmotically active particles in solution expressed in terms of osmoles of solute per liter of solution. Osmolality is expressed in terms of osmoles of solute per kilogram of solvent.
UI = D009994
Osmosis
AN = NIM; coord NIM with substance /pharmacokin (IM) or tissue /metab (IM); osmotic shock: index under OSMOTIC PRESSURE
MS = Tendency of fluids (e.g., water) to move from the less concentrated to the more concentrated side of a semipermeable membrane.
UI = D009995
Osmotic Fragility
AN = a blood test: do not coord with ERYTHROCYTES since this is defined in terms of erythrocytes; NIM
MS = The susceptibility, or lack of resistance, of erythrocytes to hemolysis when exposed to increasingly hypotonic saline solutions. (Dorland, 27th ed)
UI = D009996
Osmotic Pressure
AN = NIM
MS = The pressure required to stop osmosis through a semipermeable membrane between a solution and pure solvent. It is proportional to the osmolality of the solution. Osmotic shock is a sudden change in the osmotic pressure to which a cell is subjected, usually in order to cause it to lyse and lose its contents. (Dorland, 28th ed; Stedman, 26th ed)
UI = D009997
Osseointegration
AN = note category & MeSH definition: must involve bone growth in relation to surg implanted material; do not confuse with OSSIFICATION, HETEROTOPIC, a Cat C term
MS = The growth action of bone tissue, as it assimilates surgically implanted devices or prostheses to be used as either replacement parts (e.g., hip) or as anchors (e.g., endosseous dental implants).
UI = D016348
Ossicular Prosthesis
AN = note short X refs TORP & PORP standing for Total Ossic Replace Prosth ( = drum-to-foot plate) & Partial Ossic Replace Prosth ( = drum-to-stapes)
MS = An implant used to replace one or more of the ear ossicles. They are usually made of plastic, Gelfoam, ceramic, or stainless steel.
UI = D009998
Ossicular Replacement
MS = Surgical insertion of an implant to replace one or more of the ear ossicles.
UI = D019933
Ossification, Heterotopic
AN = development of bone tissue in non-bone sites; note category
MS = The development of bony substance in normally soft structures.
UI = D009999
Ossification of Posterior Longitudinal Ligament
AN = a spinal dis; DF: OPLL
MS = Ossification or calcification of the posterior longitudinal ligament of the spinal column. The main symptoms arise from myelopathy of various degrees of severity, usually spinal cord compression caused by stenosis of the spinal canal. It is very common in the Japanese but relatively less common in Caucasians. It is frequently, but not exclusively, located at the level of the cervical spine. It is often associated with anterior ankylosing hyperostosis.
UI = D017887
Osteitis
AN = coord IM with specific bone (IM)
UI = D010000
Osteitis Deformans
MS = A disease marked by repeated episodes of increased bone resorption followed by excessive attempts at repair, resulting in weakened, deformed bones of increased mass. The resultant architecture of the bone assumes a mosaic pattern in which the fibers take on a haphazard pattern instead of the normal parallel symmetry.
UI = D010001
Osteitis Fibrosa Cystica
AN = an endocrine bone dis
MS = Rarefying osteitis with fibrous degeneration and formation of cysts, and with the presence of fibrous nodules on the affected bones. It is due to marked osteoclastic activity secondary to hyperfunction of the parathyroid glands. (Dorland, 27th ed)
UI = D010002
Osteoarthritis
AN = most common form of arthritis
MS = A progressive, degenerative joint disease, the most common form of arthritis, especially in older persons. The disease is thought to result not from the aging process but from biochemical changes and biomechanical stresses affecting articular cartilage. In the foreign literature it is often called osteoarthrosis deformans.
UI = D010003
Osteoarthritis, Hip
MS = Noninflammatory degenerative disease of the hip joint which usually appears in late middle or old age. It is characterized by growth or maturational disturbances in the femoral neck and head, as well as acetabular dysplasia. A dominant symptom is pain on weight-bearing or motion.
UI = D015207
Osteoarthritis, Knee
MS = Noninflammatory degenerative disease of the knee joint consisting of three large categories: conditions that block normal synchronous movement, conditions that produce abnormal pathways of motion, and conditions that cause stress concentration resulting in changes to articular cartilage. (Crenshaw, Campbell's Operative Orthopaedics, 8th ed, p2019)
UI = D020370
Osteoarthropathy, Primary Hypertrophic
AN = OSTEOARTHROPATHY, SECONDARY HYPERTROPHIC is also available
MS = A conditioned chiefly characterized by thickening of the skin of the head and distal extremities, deep folds and furrows of the skin of the forehead, cheeks, and scalp, seborrhea, hyperhidrosis, periostosis of the long bones, digital clubbing, and spadelike enlargement of the hands and feet. It is more prevalent in the male, and is usually first evident during adolescence. It is believed to be inherited as an autosomal dominant trait. (From Dorland, 27th ed)
UI = D010004
Osteoarthropathy, Secondary Hypertrophic
AN = OSTEOARTHROPATHY, PRIMARY HYPERTROPHIC is also available
MS = Symmetrical osteitis of the four limbs, chiefly localized to the phalanges and the terminal epiphyses of the long bones of the forearm and leg, sometimes extending to the proximal ends of the limbs and the flat bones, and accompanied by dorsal kyphosis and joint involvement. It is often secondary to chronic conditions of the lungs and heart. (Dorland, 27th ed)
UI = D010005
Osteoblastoma
AN = /blood supply /chem /secret /ultrastruct permitted; coord IM with BONE NEOPLASMS (IM) or specific precoord bone/neopl term (IM) or specific bone (IM) + BONE NEOPLASMS (IM); osteoblastoclastoma = OSTEOBLASTOMA (IM) + GIANT CELL TUMOR OF BONE (IM) + precoord organ/neopl term (IM)
MS = A benign, painful, tumor of bone characterized by the formation of osteoid tissue, primitive bone and calcified tissue. It occurs frequently in the spine of young persons. (From Dorland, 27th ed; Stedman, 25th ed)
UI = D018215
Osteoblasts
AN = A 11 qualif
MS = Cells that arise from fibroblasts and which, as they mature, are associated with the production of bone. (From Dorland, 27th ed)
UI = D010006
Osteocalcin
AN = a calcium-binding protein; /biosyn /drug eff /physiol /ultrastruct permitted
MS = Vitamin K-dependent calcium-binding protein synthesized by osteoblasts and found primarily in bone. Serum osteocalcin measurements provide a noninvasive specific marker of bone metabolism. The protein contains three residues of the amino acid gamma-carboxyglutamic acid (Gla), which, in the presence of calcium, promotes binding to hydroxyapatite and subsequent accumulation in bone matrix.
UI = D015675
Osteochondritis
UI = D010007
Osteochondritis Dissecans
MS = A type of osteochondritis in which articular cartilage and associated bone becomes partially or totally detached to form joint loose bodies. Affects mainly the knee, ankle, and elbow joints.
UI = D010008
Osteochondrodysplasias
AN = abnorm develop of cartilage & bone
MS = Abnormal development of cartilage and bone.
UI = D010009
Osteochondroma
AN = solitary; note OSTEOCHONDROMAS, MULTIPLE see EXOSTOSES, MULTIPLE HEREDITARY; /blood supply /chem /secret /ultrastruct permitted; coord IM with BONE NEOPLASMS (IM) or specific precoord bone/neopl term (IM) or specific bone (IM) + BONE NEOPLASMS (IM)
MS = A cartilage-capped benign tumor that often appears as a stalk on the surface of bone. It is probably a developmental malformation rather than a true neoplasm and is usually found in the metaphysis of the distal femur, proximal tibia, or proximal humerus. Osteochondroma is the most common of benign bone tumors.
UI = D015831
Osteochondromatosis
AN = multiple; solitary = OSTEOCHONDROMA; do not use /blood supply /chem /second /secret /ultrastruct; coord IM with precoord organ/neopl term (IM)
MS = A condition marked by the presence of multiple osteochondromas. (Dorland, 27th ed)
UI = D018216
Osteoclasts
AN = A 11 qualif
MS = A large multinuclear cell associated with the absorption and removal of bone. An odontoclast, also called cementoclast, is cytomorphologically the same as an osteoclast and is involved in cementum resorption.
UI = D010010
Osteocytes
AN = a type of osteoblast; A 11 qualif
MS = Osteoblasts that have become embedded within the bone matrix, occupying a flat oval cavity and sending, through the canaliculi, slender cytoplasmic processes that make contact with processes of other osteocytes. (Dorland, 27th ed)
UI = D010011
Osteogenesis
AN = = histogenesis of bone & ossification: do not confuse with BONE DEVELOPMENT ( = growth of bones & bone formation) or OSSEOINTEGRATION ( = growth of bone tissue as it assimilates surg implanted devices)
MS = The histogenesis of bone including ossification. It occurs continuously but particularly in the embryo and child and during fracture repair.
UI = D010012
Osteogenesis, Distraction
AN = bone lengthening by gradual distraction; not restricted to long bones
MS = Bone lengthening by gradual mechanical distraction. An external fixation device produces the distraction across the bone plate. The technique was originally applied to long bones but in recent years the method has been adapted for use with mandibular implants in maxillofacial surgery.
UI = D019857
Osteogenesis Imperfecta
AN = an osteochondrodysplasia
MS = A collagen disorder resulting from defective biosynthesis of type I collagen and characterized by brittle, osteoporotic, and easily fractured bones. It may also present with blue sclerae, loose joints, and imperfect dentin formation. There are four major types, I-IV.
UI = D010013
Osteolysis
AN = only Cat C qualif
MS = Dissolution of bone that particularly involves the removal or loss of calcium.
UI = D010014
Osteolysis, Essential
AN = "cryptogenic osteolysis" & "disappearing bone" go here
MS = Syndromes of bone destruction where the cause is not obvious such as neoplasia, infection, or trauma. The destruction follows various patterns: massive (Gorham disease), multicentric (Hajdu-Cheney syndrome, Winchester syndrome), or carpal/tarsal.
UI = D010015
Osteoma
AN = /blood supply /chem /secret /ultrastruct permitted; coord IM with BONE NEOPLASMS (IM) or specific precoord bone/neopl term (IM) or specific bone (IM) + BONE NEOPLASMS (IM)
MS = A benign tumor composed of bone tissue or a hard tumor of bonelike structure developing on a bone (homoplastic osteoma) or on other structures (heteroplastic osteoma). (From Dorland, 27th ed)
UI = D010016
Osteoma, Osteoid
AN = /blood supply /chem /secret /ultrastruct permitted; coord IM with BONE NEOPLASMS (IM) or specific precoord bone/neopl term (IM) or specific bone (IM) + BONE NEOPLASMS (IM); do not confuse with OSTEOMA, GIANT OSTEOID see OSTEOBLASTOMA
MS = Benign circumscribed tumor of spongy bone occurring especially in the bones of the extremities and vertebrae, most often in young persons. (Dorland, 27th ed)
UI = D010017
Osteomalacia
AN = softening of bones; manifest of calcium & vitamin D defic
MS = A condition marked by softening of the bones (due to impaired mineralization, with excess accumulation of osteoid), with pain, tenderness, muscular weakness, anorexia, and loss of weight, resulting from deficiency of vitamin D and calcium. (Dorland, 27th ed)
UI = D010018
Osteomyelitis
UI = D010019
Osteonecrosis
AN = OSTEORADIONECROSIS & FEMUR HEAD NECROSIS are available
MS = Death of a bone or part of a bone either atraumatic or posttraumatic.
UI = D010020
Osteonectin
AN = a calcium-binding protein; /biosyn /drug eff /physiol /ultrastruct permitted; in the X ref the acronym stands for Secreted Protein, Acidic & Rich in Cysteine
MS = Non-collagenous, calcium-binding glycoprotein of developing bone. It links collagen to mineral in the bone matrix. In the synonym SPARC glycoprotein, the acronym stands for Secreted Protein, Acidic and Rich in Cysteine.
UI = D015676
Osteopathic Medicine
AN = SPEC: SPEC qualif; OSTEOPATHY is not a substitute for BONE AND BONES /pathol; TN 143: do not confuse with BONE DISEASES; DF: OSTEOPATHIC MED
MS = A system of therapy and medicine based on the theory that the normal body is a vital mechanical organism whose structural and functional states are of equal importance and is capable of making its own remedies against infections and toxic conditions when there are favorable environmental circumstances and adequate nutrition.
UI = D010021
Osteopetrosis
MS = Excessive formation of dense trabecular bone leading to pathological fractures, osteitis, splenomegaly with infarct, anemia, and extramedullary hemopoiesis.
UI = D010022
Osteopoikilosis
AN = a form of osteosclerosis
MS = An asymptomatic, autosomal dominant trait in which pea-sized sclerotic spots, prominent in the metaphyseal area, are accompanied by unique cutaneous lesions. These are yellowish papules or plaques with increased elastin content. (From Cecil Textbook of Medicine, 19th ed, pp1434-35)
UI = D010023
Osteoporosis
AN = related to aging: note X refs; age-related osteoporosis in men goes here; age-related osteoporosis in women is probably OSTEOPOROSIS, POSTMENOPAUSAL
MS = Reduction of bone mass without alteration in the composition of bone, leading to fractures. Primary osteoporosis can be of two major types: postmenopausal osteoporosis (OSTEOPOROSIS, POSTMENOPAUSAL) and age-related or senile osteoporosis.
UI = D010024
Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal
AN = in females; don't forget also check tags HUMAN + FEMALE; corresponding age-related osteoporosis in men goes under OSTEOPOROSIS
MS = Metabolic disorder associated with fractures of the femoral neck, vertebrae, and distal forearm. It occurs commonly in women within 15-20 years after menopause, and is caused by factors associated with menopause including estrogen deficiency.
UI = D015663
Osteoradionecrosis
AN = bone necrosis after radiation inj; coord IM with bone/dis (IM), not organ /inj
MS = Necrosis of bone following radiation injury.
UI = D010025
Osteosarcoma
AN = /blood supply /chem /second /secret /ultrastruct permitted; coord IM with BONE NEOPLASMS (IM) or specific precoord bone/neopl term (IM) or specific bone (IM) + BONE NEOPLASMS (IM)
MS = A sarcoma originating in bone-forming cells, affecting the ends of long bones. It is the most common and most malignant of sarcomas of the bones, and occurs chiefly among 10- to 25-year-old youths. (From Stedman, 25th ed)
UI = D012516
Osteosarcoma, Juxtacortical
AN = /blood supply /chem /second /secret /ultrastruct permitted; coord IM with BONE NEOPLASMS (IM) or specific precoord bone/neopl term (IM) or specific bone (IM) + BONE NEOPLASMS (IM)
MS = A form of osteogenic sarcoma of relatively low malignancy, probably arising from the periosteum and initially involving cortical bone and adjacent connective tissue. It occurs in middle-aged as well as young adults and most commonly affects the lower part of the femoral shaft. (Stedman, 25th ed)
UI = D018217
Osteosclerosis
AN = an osteochondrodysplasia
MS = The hardening or abnormal density of bone, as in eburnation and condensing osteitis. (Dorland, 27th ed)
UI = D010026
Osteotomy
AN = do not use /util except by MeSH definition
MS = The surgical cutting of a bone. (Dorland, 28th ed)
UI = D010027
Osteotomy, Le Fort
AN = in maxillary surg; Le Fort I: coord IM with MAXILLA /surg (IM) for maxillary advancement; Le Fort II: coord IM with MAXILLARY FRACTURES /surg (IM); Le Fort III: coord IM with MAXILLARY FRACTURES /surg (IM) or CRANIOFACIAL DYSTOSIS /surg (IM) or other related facial abnorm /surg (IM); do not use /util except by MeSH definition
MS = Transverse sectioning and repositioning of the maxilla. There are three types: Le Fort I osteotomy for maxillary advancement or the treatment of maxillary fractures; Le Fort II osteotomy for the treatment of maxillary fractures; Le Fort III osteotomy for the treatment of maxillary fractures with fracture of one or more facial bones. Le Fort III is often used also to correct craniofacial dysostosis and related facial abnormalities. (From Dorland, 28th ed, p1203 & p662)
UI = D019340
Ostertagia
AN = a genus of nematodes; infection = OSTERTAGIASIS; for antigens, coord with ANTIGENS, HELMINTH, for antibodies, coord with ANTIBODIES, HELMINTH
MS = A genus of parasitic nematodes occurring in the stomach of ruminants.
UI = D010028
Ostertagiasis
AN = roundworm infect
MS = A disease of herbivorous mammals, particularly cattle and sheep, caused by stomach worms of the genus OSTERTAGIA.
UI = D010029
Ostomy
AN = surg creation of an artif opening (stoma) "for external fistulization"; GEN only: prefer specific
MS = Surgical construction of an artificial opening (stoma) for external fistulization of a duct or vessel by insertion of a tube with or without a supportive stent.
UI = D010030
Ostriches
AN = OSTRICHES, AMERICAN = RHEAS
MS = Flightless birds of the order Struthioniformes which naturally inhabit open, low rainfall areas of Africa.
UI = D020310
Otitis
AN = inflamm of the ear unspecified as to external, middle or internal; prefer specifics
MS = Inflammation of the ear, which may be marked by pain, fever, abnormalities of hearing, hearing loss, tinnitus, and vertigo. Inflammation of the external ear is OTITIS EXTERNA; of the middle ear, OTITIS MEDIA; of the inner ear, LABYRINTHITIS. (From Dorland, 27th ed)
UI = D010031
Otitis Externa
AN = inflamm of external ear
MS = Inflammation of the external auditory canal. (Dorland, 27th ed)
UI = D010032
Otitis Media
AN = inflamm of middle ear; GEN or unspecified; prefer specifics; nonsuppurative otitis media: index under OTITIS MEDIA WITH EFFUSION
MS = Inflammation of the middle ear.
UI = D010033
Otitis Media with Effusion
AN = nonsuppurative otitis media
MS = Inflammation of the middle ear with a clear pale yellow-colored transudate.
UI = D010034
Otitis Media, Suppurative
AN = suppurative refers to purulent discharge
MS = Inflammation of the middle ear with purulent discharge.
UI = D010035
Otoacoustic Emissions, Spontaneous
AN = note category; faint microphone-recordable sounds emitted by the cochlea
MS = Sinusoidal tones originating in the cochlea. These faint sounds, with levels between 10-30 decibels, are usually not recognized by the persons having them. However, the emissions can be recorded using sensitive microphones placed in the ear canals. The clinical significance of having or not having spontaneous otoacoustic emissions is unclear; however, some association between tinnitus and the spontaneous emissions has been reported.
UI = D017084
Otolaryngology
AN = SPEC: SPEC qualif; DF: OTOLARYNGOL
MS = A surgical specialty concerned with the study and treatment of disorders of the ear, nose, and throat.
UI = D010036
Otolithic Membrane
MS = A gelatinous membrane surmounting the acoustic maculae of the saccule and utricle and containing minute calciferous granules, known as otoconia, otoliths, or statoconia.
UI = D010037
Otologic Surgical Procedures
AN = GEN or unspecified; prefer specifics; consider also EAR /surg or /surg with specific ear terms; also EAR DISEASES /surg or /surg with specific ear dis; DF: OTOL SURG PROCEDURES
MS = Surgery performed on the external, middle, or internal ear.
UI = D013506
Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases
AN = GEN: prefer specific precoord; DF: ORL DIS
MS = General or unspecified diseases of the ear, nose, and throat.
UI = D010038
Otorhinolaryngologic Neoplasms
AN = GEN: prefer specific precoord; /blood supply /chem /second /secret /ultrastruct permitted; coord IM with histol type of neopl (IM); DF: ORL NEOPL
MS = The general concept of ORL neoplasms or those for which no specific heading exists.
UI = D010039
Otorhinolaryngologic Surgical Procedures
AN = GEN or unspecified; prefer specifics; consider also EAR /surg, NOSE /surg, LARYNX /surg & /surg with specific parts of these organs; also OTORHINOLARYNGOLOGIC DISEASES /surg & /surg with specific ORL dis; DF: ORL SURG PROCEDURES
MS = Surgery performed on the ear and its parts, the nose and nasal cavity, or the throat, including surgery of the adenoids, tonsils, pharynx, and trachea.
UI = D013517
Otosclerosis
AN = sclerosis of the labyrinth
MS = A pathological condition of the bony labyrinth of the ear, in which there is formation of spongy bone (otospongiosis), especially in front of and posterior to the footplate of the stapes. It may cause bony ankylosis of the stapes, resulting in conductive hearing loss. Cochlear otosclerosis may also develop, resulting in sensorineural hearing loss. (Dorland, 27th ed)
UI = D010040
Otoscopes
AN = do not use /util except by MeSH definition
MS = Instruments for inspecting the ear. (From Dorland, 28th ed)
UI = D019720
Otters
AN = IM; qualif permitted
MS = Fish-eating carnivores of the family Mustelidae, found on both hemispheres.
UI = D010041
Ouabain
AN = a cardiac glycoside
MS = 1 beta,3 beta,5,11 alpha,14,19-Hexahydroxy-5 beta-card-20(22)-enolide-3-L-rhamnoside. A cardioactive glycoside consisting of rhamnose and ouabagenin, obtained from the seeds of Strophanthus gratus and other plants of the Apocynaceae; used like digitalis. It is commonly used in cell biological studies as an inhibitor of the Na(+)-K(+)-Exchanging ATPase.
UI = D010042
Outcome Assessment (Health Care)
AN = note category: for admin aspects of patient assessment; outcome only: for outcome assessment with process assessment, OUTCOME AND PROCESS ASSESSMENT (HEALTH CARE) and TREATMENT OUTCOME are available; DF: OUTCOME ASSESS
MS = Research aimed at assessing the quality and effectiveness of health care as measured by the attainment of a specified end result or outcome. Measures include parameters such as improved health, lowered morbidity or mortality, and improvement of abnormal states (such as elevated blood pressure).
UI = D017063
Outcome and Process Assessment (Health Care)
AN = note category; must discuss both outcome & process: OUTCOME ASSESSMENT (HEALTH CARE) is available for only outcome, PROCESS ASSESSMENT (HEALTH CARE) is available for only process; DF: OUTCOME PROCESS ASSESS
MS = Evaluation procedures that focus on both the outcome or status (OUTCOME ASSESSMENT) of the patient at the end of an episode of care - presence of symptoms, level of activity, and mortality; and the process (PROCESS ASSESSMENT) - what is done for the patient diagnostically and therapeutically.
UI = D010043
Outliers, DRG
AN = a concept in health care reimbursement; outliers as a statist concept, index under STATISTICS or specific statist term
MS = In health care reimbursement, especially in the prospective payment system, those patients who require an unusually long hospital stay or whose stay generates unusually high costs.
UI = D016311
Outlines [Publication Type]
MS = Brief statements of the principal elements of a subject, usually arranged by heads and subheads.
UI = D020489
Outpatient Clinics, Hospital
AN = IM CATALOG: /geog /form
MS = Organized services in a hospital which provide medical care on an outpatient basis.
UI = D010044
Outpatients
AN = outpatients as people or as a social, sociol, psychol, etc., group; do not confuse the outpatient with the care given him ( = AMBULATORY CARE)
MS = Persons who receive ambulatory care at an outpatient department or clinic without room and board being provided.
UI = D010045
Outsourced Services
AN = CATALOG: /geog /form
MS = Organizational activities previously performed internally that are provided by external agents.
UI = D020416
Oval Window
AN = do not confuse with ROUND WINDOW in cochlea
MS = Fenestra of the vestibule; an oval opening in the medial wall of the middle ear leading into the vestibule. Normally it is covered by the base of the stapes.
UI = D010046
Ovalbumin
AN = a serpin; /drug eff /ultrastruct permitted; differentiate OVALBUMIN (the chemical albumin in egg white) from EGG WHITE (the food)
MS = An albumin obtained from the white of eggs. It is a member of the serpin superfamily.
UI = D010047
Ovarian Cysts
AN = non-neoplastic; /blood supply /chem /secret /ultrastruct permitted; polycystic ovarian disease, sclerocystic ovaries, sclerocystic ovarian degeneration & sclerocystic ovary syndrome = POLYCYSTIC OVARY SYNDROME
MS = General term for cysts and cystic diseases of the ovary.
UI = D010048
Ovarian Diseases
AN = inflamm dis = OOPHORITIS; sclerocystic ovarian degeneration & sclerocystic ovary syndrome = POLYCYSTIC OVARY SYNDROME
UI = D010049
Ovarian Function Tests
AN = NIM
MS = Methods used for assessment of ovarian function.
UI = D010050
Ovarian Hyperstimulation Syndrome
AN = an enlarged ovary syndrome
MS = Syndrome composed of a combination of ovarian enlargement and an acute fluid shift out of the intravascular space. The enlargement is caused by ovarian cyst formation and the fluid shift may result in ascites, hydrothorax, or generalized edema. The syndrome is most usually seen as a complication of ovulation induction, a treatment for infertility.
UI = D016471
Ovarian Failure, Premature
AN = in women under 40; see MeSH definition
MS = Premature failure of ovulation associated with hypergonadotropinism and hypoestrogenism in women under the age of 40. The etiology appears to be multifactorial and many cases are idiopathic. When follicles are present but the ovaries are unable to respond to gonadotropins, resistant ovary syndrome results and this may be associated with autoimmune disease. Even when there is a loss of ovarian follicles, it is not always complete. Permanent and irreversible loss of follicles is termed premature menopause (MENOPAUSE, PREMATURE).
UI = D016649
Ovarian Follicle
AN = /cytol: consider also THECA CELLS, GRANULOSA CELLS; for follicular development use /physiol, not /growth
MS = The egg and its encasing cells, at any stage of its development. (Dorland, 28th ed)
UI = D006080
Ovarian Neoplasms
AN = /blood supply /chem /second /secret /ultrastruct permitted; coord IM with histol type of neopl (IM); endodermal sinus tumor & yolk sac tumor = OVARIAN NEOPLASMS (IM) + MESONEPHROMA (IM)
UI = D010051
Ovariectomy
AN = do not use /util except by MeSH definition; check tags FEMALE & ANIMAL or HUMAN
MS = The surgical removal of one or both ovaries.
UI = D010052
Ovary
AN = /surg permitted but is probably OVARIECTOMY; /abnorm: agenesis or dysgenesis: coord OVARY /abnorm (IM) with GONADAL DYSGENESIS (IM); /cytol: consider also THECA CELLS; inflammation = OOPHORITIS; polycystic ovary, sclerocystic ovary = POLYCYSTIC OVARY SYNDROME
MS = Either of the paired glands in the female that produce the female germ cells and secrete some of the female sex hormones.
UI = D010053
Overall [Publication Type]
AN = publication type only; for a sole or additional citation to identify a collection of papers presented at a meeting or on a single subject; see also publication type CONGRESSES
MS = A single citation covering several articles of various degrees of specificity or a single citation covering papers presented at a meeting. A subject overall refers to a series of articles on a single subject; a congress overall refers to papers presented at a formal local, regional, national, or international gathering; a society overall refers to papers presented at an annual, semi-annual, monthly, weekly, or other meeting of a society, academy, institute, hospital, etc. The publication type may be used for a single citation with or without the additional indexing or cataloging of individual papers. The individual papers, however, are not labeled OVERALL.
UI = D016424
Overdose
AN = note category: accidental or deliberate overdose; almost never IM & seldom with qualif; coord NIM with specific substance /adv eff-pois-tox (IM)
MS = An accidental or deliberate dose of a medication or street drug that is in excess of what is normally used.
UI = D015537
Overlearning
MS = Learning in which practice proceeds beyond the point where the act can just be performed with the required degree of excellence.
UI = D010056
Oviducts
AN = non-mammals only
UI = D010057
Oviposition
AN = = "laying" or "depositing" eggs or ova; includes insects, birds & other oviparous animals; index ovipositor under specific insect only with /anat (IM) + OVIPOSITION (IM)
UI = D010058
Ovomucin
AN = a trypsin inhib; /drug eff /ultrastruct permitted
MS = A heterogeneous mixture of glycoproteins responsible for the gel structure of egg white. It has trypsin-inhibiting activity.
UI = D010059
Ovulation
AN = qualif permitted as for PREGNANCY
MS = The discharge of a secondary oocyte from a ruptured graafian follicle.
UI = D010060
Ovulation Detection
AN = NIM
MS = Methods for recognition of the occurrence of ovulation.
UI = D010061
Ovulation Induction
AN = note category: "artificial induction of ovulation"
MS = Techniques for the artifical induction of ovulation.
UI = D010062
Ovum
AN = differentiate from EGGS (Cat J2); /transpl is not implantation ( = OVUM IMPLANTATION)
MS = The female reproductive cell of humans, other vertebrates, invertebrates, and plants which, after fertilization, becomes a ZYGOTE that develops into a new member of the same species. (From Dorland, 28th ed)
UI = D010063
Ovum Implantation
AN = don't forget also available are PREIMPLANTATION PHASE & POSTIMPLANTATION PHASE
MS = Endometrial implantation of the blastocyst.
UI = D010064
Ovum Implantation, Delayed
MS = Delay of embryonal development whereby the blastocyst remains in the uterine cavity for a variable period of time before attaching to the endometrium and continuing its development.
UI = D010065
Ovum Transport
AN = movement from "site of ovulation to site of implantation"
MS = Transport of the ovum or zygote from the site of ovulation to the site of implantation.
UI = D010066
Owls
MS = Members of the Strigiformes order of birds, with strongly hooked beaks, sharp talons, large heads, forward facing eyes, and facial disks. While considered nocturnal raptors, some owls do hunt by day.
UI = D020305
Ownership
AN = med or non-med contexts
MS = The legal relation between an entity (individual, group, corporation, or-profit, secular, government) and an object. The object may be corporeal, such as equipment, or completely a creature of law, such as a patent; it may be movable, such as an animal, or immovable, such as a building.
UI = D010067
Oxacillin
AN = a penicillin
MS = A semisynthetic penicillanase-resistant penicillin, used primarily in the treatment of infections to penicillinase-resistant staphylococci. (From Dorland, 28th ed)
UI = D010068
Oxadiazoles
UI = D010069
Oxalates
AN = /urine: HYPEROXALURIA & HYPEROXALURIA, PRIMARY are also available; CALCIUM OXALATE is also available
MS = Salts and esters of OXALIC ACID.
UI = D010070
Oxalic Acid
MS = A strong dicarboxylic acid occurring in many plants and vegetables. It is produced in the body by metabolism of glyoxylic acid or ascorbic acid. It is not metabolized but excreted in the urine. It is used as an analytical reagent and general reducing agent.
UI = D019815
Oxalic Acids
AN = OXALIC ACID is also available.
MS = Acids, salts, and derivatives of OXALIC ACID.
UI = D019816
Oxaloacetate
AN = OXALOACETATES is also available
MS = An anionic form of oxaloacetic acid.
UI = D020352
Oxaloacetic Acids
MS = A class of ketodicarboxylic acids derived from oxalic acid. Oxaloacetic acid is an intermediate in the citric acid cycle and is converted to ASPARTIC ACID by a transamination reaction.
UI = D020351
Oxaloacetates
AN = OXALOACETATE is available.
MS = Salts and esters of oxaloacetic acid.
UI = D010071
Oxamic Acid
MS = Amino-substituted glyoxylic acid derivative.
UI = D010072
Oxamniquine
AN = a schistosomicide
MS = An anthelmintic with schistosomicidal activity against Schistosoma mansoni, but not against other Schistosoma spp. Oxamniquine causes worms to shift from the mesenteric veins to the liver where the male worms are retained; the female worms return to the mesentery, but can no longer release eggs. (From Martidale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 31st ed, p121)
UI = D010073
Oxandrolone
AN = an anabolic steroid
MS = A synthetic hormone with anabolic and androgenic properties.
UI = D010074
Oxathiins
UI = D010075
Oxazepam
AN = an anti-anxiety agent
MS = A benzodiazepine used in the treatment of anxiety, alcohol withdrawal, and insomnia.
UI = D010076
Oxazepines
UI = D010077
Oxazines
UI = D010078
Oxazocines
MS = One ring heterocyclic compounds defined by C6H7NO. Permitted are any degree of hydrogenation, any substituents and any ortho-fused or ortho-peri-fused ring systems.
UI = D010079
Oxazoles
AN = includes oxazolines, oxazolidines
MS = Five-membered heterocyclic ring structures containing an oxygen in the 1-position and a nitrogen in the 3-position.
UI = D010080
Oxazolone
AN = an immunol adjuvant
MS = 2-Phenyl-4-ethoxymethylene-5-oxazolone. Immunologic adjuvant and sensitizing agent.
UI = D010081
Oxepins
UI = D010082
Oxidative Stress
AN = "disturbance in the prooxidant-antioxidant balance in favor of the former"
MS = A disturbance in the prooxidant-antioxidant balance in favor of the former, leading to potential damage. Indicators of oxidative stress include damaged DNA bases, protein oxidation products, and lipid peroxidation products (Sies, Oxidative Stress, 1991, pxv-xvi).
UI = D018384
Oxidants
AN = /biosyn /physiol permitted
MS = Oxidizing agents or electron-accepting molecules in chemical reactions in which electrons are transferred from one molecule to another (OXIDATION-REDUCTION). In vivo, it appears that phagocyte-generated oxidants function as tumor promoters or cocarcinogens rather than as complete carcinogens perhaps because of the high levels of endogenous antioxidant defenses. It is also thought that oxidative damage in joints may trigger the autoimmune response that characterizes the persistence of the rheumatoid disease process.
UI = D016877
Oxidants, Photochemical
MS = Compounds that accept electrons in an oxidation-reduction reaction. The reaction is induced by or accelerated by exposure to electromagnetic radiation in the spectrum of visible or ultraviolet light.
UI = D010083
Oxidation-Reduction
AN = IM for general only; NIM with no qualif with specific drug IM
MS = A chemical reaction in which an electron is transferred from one molecule to another. The electron-donating molecule is the reducing agent or reductant; the electron-accepting molecule is the oxidizing agent or oxidant. Reducing and oxidizing agents function as conjugate reductant-oxidant pairs or redox pairs (Lehninger, Principles of Biochemistry, 1982, p471).
UI = D010084
Oxidative Phosphorylation
AN = DF: OX PHOS
MS = Electron transfer through the cytochrome system liberating free energy which is transformed into high-energy phosphate bonds.
UI = D010085
Oxidative Phosphorylation Coupling Factors
AN = DF: OX PHOS COUPLING FACTORS
UI = D010086
Oxides
MS = Binary compounds of oxygen containing the anion O(2-). The anion combines with metals to form alkaline oxides and non-metals to form acidic oxides.
UI = D010087
Oxidopamine
MS = A neurotransmitter analogue that depletes noradrenergic stores in nerve endings and induces a reduction of dopamine levels in the brain. Its mechanism of action is related to the production of cytolytic free-radicals.
UI = D016627
Oxidoreductases
AN = X refs OXIDASES, REDUCTASES & DEHYDROGENASES are GEN only: see Tree D8 under OXIDOREDUCTASES for all indentions & choose the most specific
MS = The class of all enzymes catalyzing oxidoreduction reactions. The substrate that is oxidized is regarded as a hydrogen donor. The systematic name is based on donor:acceptor oxidoreductase. The recommended name will be dehydrogenase, wherever this is possible; as an alternative, reductase can be used. Oxidase is only used in cases where O2 is the acceptor. (Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992, p9)
UI = D010088
Oxidoreductases, N-Demethylating
UI = D010089
Oxidoreductases, O-Demethylating
MS = Drug metabolizing enzymes which oxidize methyl ethers. Usually found in liver microsomes.
UI = D010090
Oximes
MS = Compounds (cis or trans) that contain the radical, =C:N.OH; a condensation product of aldehydes or ketones (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed). Members of this group frequently function as cholinesterase reactivators.
UI = D010091
Oximetry
AN = for measuremt of blood oxygen using an oximeter: not a synonym for "oxygen measuremt" ( = OXYGEN /anal)
MS = The determination of oxygen-hemoglobin saturation of blood either by withdrawing a sample and passing it through a classical photoelectric oximeter or by electrodes attached to some translucent part of the body like finger, earlobe, or skin fold. It includes non-invasive oxygen monitoring by pulse oximetry.
UI = D010092
Oxo-Acid-Lyases
MS = Enzymes that catalyze the cleavage of a carbon-carbon bond of a 3-hydroxy acid. (Dorland, 28th ed) EC 4.1.3.
UI = D007652
3-Oxoacyl-(Acyl-Carrier-Protein) Synthase
AN = DF: OXOACYL ACP SYNTHASE
MS = An enzyme of long-chain fatty acid synthesis, that adds a two-carbon unit from malonyl-(acyl carrier protein) to another molecule of fatty acyl-(acyl carrier protein), giving a beta-ketoacyl-(acyl carrier protein) with the release of carbon dioxide. EC 2.3.1.41.
UI = D015099
Oxolinic Acid
AN = an anti-infective
MS = 5-Ethyl-5,8-dihydro-8-oxo-1,3-dioxolo(4,5-g)quinoline-7-carboxylic acid. Synthetic antimicrobial related to NALIDIXIC ACID and used in urinary tract infections.
UI = D010093
Oxonic Acid
MS = 2,4-Dihydroxy-6-carboxy-1,3,5-triazine. Antagonist of urate oxidase.
UI = D010094
15-Oxoprostaglandin 13-Reductase
AN = DF: OXOPG REDUCTASE
MS = (5Z)-(15S)-11 alpha-Hydroxy-9,15-dioxoprostanoate:NAD(P)+ delta(13)-oxidoreductase. An enzyme active in prostaglandin E and F catabolism. It catalyzes the reduction of the double bond at the 13-14 position of the 15-ketoprostaglandins and uses NADPH as cofactor. EC 1.3.1.48.
UI = D011452
Oxotremorine
AN = a muscarinic agonist used in exper
MS = A non-hydrolyzed muscarinic agonist used as a research tool.
UI = D010095
Oxprenolol
AN = an antihypertensive & anti-arrhythmic
MS = A beta-adrenergic antagonist used in the treatment of hypertension, angina pectoris, arrhythmias, and anxiety.
UI = D010096
Oxyclozanide
AN = an antihelmintic
MS = 3,3',5,5',6-Pentachloro-2'-hydroxysalicylanilide. Anthelmintic used in grazing animals for fasciola and cestode infestations.
UI = D010097
Oxycodone
AN = a narcotic analgesic & antitussive; do not confuse OXYCODONE X refs with HYDROCODONE X refs
MS = (5 alpha)-4,5-Epoxy-14-hydroxy-3-methoxy-17-methylmorphinan- 6-one. Semisynthetic derivative of CODEINE that acts as a narcotic analgesic more potent and addicting than codeine.
UI = D010098
Oxyfedrine
AN = a vasodilator & myocardial depressant
MS = L-3[(beta-Hydroxy-alpha-methylphenethyl)amino]-3'-methoxypropiophenone. A drug used in the treatment of angina pectoris, heart failure, conduction defects, and myocardial infarction. It is a partial agonist at beta adrenergic receptors and has acts as a coronary vasodilator and cardiotonic agent.
UI = D010099
Oxygen
AN = O-16; TN 145 for OXYGEN qualif; /defic = OXYGEN DEFICIENCY see ANOXIA but cellular oxygen defic = CELL HYPOXIA; /metab permitted but consider better OXYGEN CONSUMPTION; /physiol for O2 in pulm resp process but tissue resp = OXYGEN CONSUMPTION (TN 145); /ther use permitted but consider also OXYGEN INHALATION THERAPY & HYPERBARIC OXYGENATION; /tox & /pois permitted but consider also HYPEROXIA
MS = An element with atomic symbol O, atomic number 8, and atomic weight 16. It is the most abundant element on earth and essential for respiration.
UI = D010100
Oxygen Compounds
AN = GEN; prefer specifics; used for mapping supplementary chemicals
MS = Inorganic compounds that contain oxygen as an integral part of the molecule.
UI = D017601
Oxygen Consumption
AN = TN 145: oxygen metab
MS = The rate at which oxygen is used by a tissue; microliters of oxygen STPD used per milligram of tissue per hour; the rate at which oxygen enters the blood from alveolar gas, equal in the steady state to the consumption of oxygen by tissue metabolism throughout the body. (Stedman, 25th ed, p346)
UI = D010101
Oxygen Inhalation Therapy
AN = coord with dis /ther, not dis /drug ther; do not use /util except by MeSH definition
MS = Inhalation of oxygen aimed at restoring toward normal any pathophysiologic alterations of gas exchange in the cardiopulmonary system, as by the use of a respirator, nasal catheter, tent, chamber, or mask. (From Dorland, 27th ed & Stedman, 25th ed)
UI = D010102
Oxygen Isotopes
AN = O-17,18; NIM; no qualif
MS = Stable oxygen atoms that have the same atomic number as the element oxygen, but differ in atomic weight. O-17 and 18 are stable oxygen isotopes.
UI = D010103
Oxygen Radioisotopes
AN = O-13-15, 19, 20; NIM; /blood-csf-urine /metab permitted but not for tracer studies ( = /diag use)
MS = Unstable isotopes of oxygen that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. O atoms with atomic weights 13, 14, 15, 19, and 20 are radioactive oxygen isotopes.
UI = D010104
Oxygenases
UI = D010105
Oxygenators
MS = Devices which mechanically oxygenate venous blood extracorporeally. They are used in combination with one or more pumps for maintaining circulation during open heart surgery and for assisting the circulation in patients seriously ill with some cardiac and pulmonary disorders. (Dorland, 28th ed)
UI = D010106
Oxygenators, Membrane
MS = Devices in which blood and oxygen are separated by a semipermeable membrane, generally of Teflon or polypropylene, across which gas exchange occurs. The membrane may be arranged as a series of parallel plates or as a number of hollow fibers; in the latter arrangement, the blood may flow inside the fibers, which are surrounded by gas, or the blood may flow outside the fibers and the gas inside the fibers. (Dorland, 28th ed)
UI = D010107
Oxyhemoglobins
AN = Bohr effect is indexed OXYHEMOGLOBINS /metab (IM) + PH (NIM)
MS = A compound formed by the combination of hemoglobin and oxygen. It is a complex in which the oxygen is bound directly to the iron without causing a change from the ferrous to the ferric state.
UI = D010108
Oxymetazoline
AN = a nasal vasoconstrictor
MS = A direct acting sympathomimetic used as a vasoconstrictor to relieve nasal congestion. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1251)
UI = D010109
Oxymetholone
AN = an anabolic steroid
MS = (5 alpha,17 beta)-17-Hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethylene)-17-methylandrostan-3-one. A synthetic hormone with anabolic and androgenic properties. It is used mainly in the treatment of anemias. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002), this compound may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)
UI = D010110
Oxymorphone
AN = a narcotic analgesic
MS = An opioid analgesic with actions and uses similar to those of MORPHINE, apart from an absence of cough suppressant activity. It is used in the treatment of moderate to severe pain, including pain in obstetrics. It may also be used as an adjunct to anesthesia. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1092)
UI = D010111
Oxyphenbutazone
AN = a non-steroidal anti-inflamm agent
MS = A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug. Oxyphenbutazone eyedrops have been used abroad in the management of postoperative ocular inflamation, superficial eye injuries, and episcleritis. (From AMA, Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p2000) It had been used by mouth in rheumatic disorders such as ankylosing spondylitis, osteoarthritis, and rheumatoid arthritis but such use is no longer considered justified owing to the risk of severe hematological adverse effects. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p27)
UI = D010113
Oxyphenisatin Acetate
AN = a cathartic
MS = 3,3-Bis(p-hydroxyphenyl)-2-indolinone acetate. A laxative that undergoes enterohepatic circulation. It may cause jaundice.
UI = D010114
Oxyphenonium
AN = an adjunct in ther of peptic ulcer; also a mydriatic
MS = A quaternary ammonium anticholinergic agent with peripheral side effects similar to those of ATROPINE. It is used as an adjunct in the treatment of gastric and duodenal ulcer, and to relieve visceral spasms. The drug has also been used in the form of eye drops for mydriatic effect.
UI = D010115
Oxypurinol
AN = a xanthine oxidase inhib
MS = A xanthine oxidase inhibitor.
UI = D010117
Oxyquinoline
AN = an anti-infective; DF: note short X ref
MS = 8-Quinolinol. An antiseptic with mild fungistatic, bacteriostatic, anthelmintic, and amebicidal action. It is also used as a reagent and metal chelator, as a carrier for radio-indium for diagnostic purposes, and its halogenated derivatives are used in addition as topical anti-infective agents and oral antiamebics.
UI = D015125
Oxytetracycline
AN = an antibiotic; /biosyn permitted
MS = (4S-(4 alpha,4a alpha,5a alpha,6 beta,12a alpha))-4-(Dimethylamino)-1,4,4a,5,5a,6,11,12a-octahydro-3,5,6,10,12,12a-hexahydroxy-6-methyl-1,11-dioxo-2-naphthacenecarboxamide. An antibiotic substance isolated from the actinomycete Streptomyces rimosus and used in a wide variety of clinical conditions.
UI = D010118
Oxythiamine
AN = a thiamine antag
MS = Thiamine antagonist, antimetabolite.
UI = D010119
Oxytocics
AN = no qualif for oxytocics when used to induce labor
MS = Drugs that stimulate contraction of the myometrium. They are used to induce labor at term, to prevent or control postpartum or postabortion hemorrhage, and to assess fetal status in high risk pregnancies. They may also be used alone or with other drugs to induce abortions (ABORTIFACIENTS). Oxytocics used clinically include the neurohypophyseal hormone OXYTOCIN and certain prostaglandins and ergot alkaloids. (From AMA Drug Evaluations, 1994, p1157)
UI = D010120
Oxytocin
AN = a neurotransmitter vasopressin; an oxytocic; /biosyn /physiol permitted
MS = A nonapeptide posterior pituitary hormone that causes uterine contractions and stimulates lactation.
UI = D010121
Oxytocinase
UI = D010122
Oxytricha
AN = a genus of ciliate protozoa
MS = A genus of ciliate protozoa having a unique cursorial type of locomotion.
UI = D016813
Oxyuriasis
AN = nematode infect caused by genera of the superfamily OXYUROIDEA; infect by Oxyuris species goes here but note X ref OXYURIS VERMICULARIS INFECTION see ENTEROBIASIS
MS = Infection with nematodes of the superfamily OXYUROIDEA.
UI = D010123
Oxyurida
AN = an order of nematodes; infection = OXYURIDA INFECTIONS
MS = An order of nematodes of the subclass SECERNENTEA. Its organisms are characterized by a single, ventral excretory gland and a relatively stout, short body.
UI = D017167
Oxyurida Infections
AN = nematode infect
MS = Infections with nematodes of the order OXYURIDA.
UI = D017194
Oxyuroidea
AN = a superfamily of nematodes; infection: coord IM with OXYURIASIS (IM); for antigens, coord with ANTIGENS, HELMINTH, for antibodies, coord with ANTIBODIES, HELMINTH
MS = A superfamily of parasitic nematodes consisting of several genera. ENTEROBIUS, which occurs in humans, and Oxyuris, which occurs in horses, are two of the most common. Other genera are: Skrjabinema, Passalurus, Dermatoxys, and Probstmayria.
UI = D010124
Oysters
AN = as animal & food; IM; as food, coord IM with SHELLFISH (IM); /microbiol /parasitol /virol permitted
MS = Marine bivalve mollusks of several genera (Ostrea, Crassostrea, Pinctada, Meleagrina) with a rough irregular shell closed by a single adductor muscle. It includes oysters as food.
UI = D010125
Ozone
AN = unstable form of oxygen in atmosphere
MS = An unstable form of oxygen that exists as a blue gas. It is found in the atmosphere in varying proportions since it is produced continuously in the outer layers of the atmosphere by the action of solar UV-radiation on the oxygen of the air. (From Merck Index, 11th ed) It is the major oxidant of photochemical smog and can cause lung irritation which sometimes leads to death from pulmonary edema.
UI = D010126