Glossary of Bio-Medical Terms

S

RETURN TO INDEX

S Phase

AN = a phase of the cell cycle

MS = Phase of the cell cycle following G1 and preceding G2 when the entire DNA content of the nucleus is replicated. It is achieved by bidirectional replication at multiple sites along each chromosome.

UI = D016196

 

Saccades

MS = An abrupt voluntary shift in ocular fixation from one point to another, as occurs in reading.

UI = D012438

 

Saccharin

AN = a sweetening agent; D25-26 qualif

MS = Flavoring agent and non-nutritive sweetener.

UI = D012439

 

Saccharomycetales

MS = An order of fungi in the phylum Ascomycota that multiply by budding. They include the telomorphic ascomycetous yeasts which are found in a very wide range of habitats.

UI = D004718

 

Saccharomyces

AN = there are many species but check Dorland for those wrongly called Saccharomyces

MS = A genus of ascomycetous fungi of the family Saccharomycetaceae, order SACCHAROMYCETALES.

UI = D012440

 

Saccharomyces cerevisiae

AN = when brewer's yeast or baker's yeast is the source of matter in enzyme or other metabolic studies use this heading; when given for therapy, use YEAST, DRIED; DF: SACCH CEREV

MS = A species of the genus SACCHAROMYCES, family Saccharomycetaceae, order Saccharomycetales, known as "baker's" or "brewer's" yeast. The dried form is used as a dietary supplement.

UI = D012441

 

Saccharomycopsis

MS = Yeast-like ascomycetous fungi of the family Saccharomycopsidaceae, order SACCHAROMYCETALES, isolated from the stomach of rabbits and some other animals.

UI = D012442

 

Saccharopine Dehydrogenases

AN = /defic: consider also LYSINE /blood (IM) + AMINO ACID METABOLISM, INBORN ERRORS (IM)

MS = N-5-(1,3-Dicarboxypropyl)-L-lysine:NAD(P)+ oxidoreductase (L-lysine-forming). Catalyzes the oxidative cleavage of saccharopine to lysine plus ketoglutaric acid. EC 1.5.1.7 requires NAD; EC 1.5.1.8 requires NADP.

UI = D012443

 

Saccharopolyspora

AN = a gram-pos bacterium

MS = A genus of gram-positive bacteria whose spores are round to oval and covered by a sheath.

UI = D016930

 

Saccule and Utricle

AN = DF: SACCULE

MS = Two membranous sacs within the vestibule of the inner ear. The smaller, the saccule, lies near the opening of the scala vestibuli. The larger, the utricle, is in the superoposterior part of the vestibule. Both receive filaments from the acoustic nerve.

UI = D012444

 

Sacrococcygeal Region

AN = not a substitute for the bones SACRUM & COCCYX; this is merely locational & usually NIM

UI = D012445

 

Sacroiliac Joint

AN = sacroiliitis (note spelling): coord IM with ARTHRITIS or specific indention (IM)

MS = The joint between the SACRUM and ILIUM and associated ligaments. (Dorland, 28th ed)

UI = D012446

 

Sacrum

AN = a bone of the spine; do not confuse with LUMBOSACRAL REGION or SACROCOCCYGEAL REGION, both locational: use term in the text; coord IM with specific disease (IM)

UI = D012447

 

Sadism

MS = A condition in which there is a derivation of pleasure from inflicting pain, discomfort or humiliation on another person or persons. The sexual significance of sadistic wishes or behavior may be conscious or unconscious.

UI = D012448

 

Safety

AN = IM in unspecified circumstances ("the economics of safety" = SAFETY /econ) or specified circumstances ("safety in coal mines" = SAFETY (IM) + COAL MINING (IM); CONSUMER PRODUCT SAFETY & EQUIPMENT SAFETY are also available

MS = Freedom from exposure to danger and protection from the occurrence or risk of injury or loss. It suggests optimal precautions in the workplace, on the street, in the home, etc., and includes personal safety as well as the safety of property.

UI = D012449

 

Safety Management

MS = The development of systems to prevent accidents, injuries, and other adverse occurrences in an institutional setting. The concept includes prevention or reduction of adverse events or incidents involving employees, patients, or facilities. Examples include plans to reduce injuries from falls or plans for fire safety to promote a safe institutional environment.

UI = D017751

 

Safflower Oil

AN = an unsaturated fat

MS = An oily liquid extracted from the seeds of the safflower, Carthamus tinctorius. It is used as a dietary supplement in the management of HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIA. It is used also in cooking, as a salad oil, and as a vehicle for medicines, paints, varnishes, etc. (Dorland, 28th ed & Random House Unabridged Dictionary, 2d ed)

UI = D012450

 

Safrole

AN = a carcinogen

MS = Constituent of several essential oils, notably sassafras. It has been used as a topical antiseptic and it is carcinogenic to the liver so it is no longer used as a flavoring agent in foods.

UI = D012451

 

Saguinus

AN = New World monkey; NIM when exper animal: no qualif; when IM, qualif permitted; diseases: coord IM with MONKEY DISEASES (IM)

MS = A genus of CALLITRICHINAE consisting of 22 species and found in Panama as well as South America. Species seen most frequently in the literature are S. oedipus (cotton-top marmoset), S. nigricollis, and S. fusicollis.

UI = D012452

 

SAIDS Vaccines

AN = coord IM with specific SAIDS virus (IM or NIM) if pertinent

MS = Vaccines or candidate vaccines designed to prevent SAIDS (SIMIAN ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME) and containing inactivated SIV or type D retroviruses or some of their component antigens.

UI = D018449

 

Saimiri

AN = New World monkey; NIM when exper animal: no qualif; when IM, qualif permitted; diseases: coord IM with MONKEY DISEASES (IM)

MS = A genus of the family CEBIDAE consisting of four species: S. boliviensis, S. orstedii (red-backed squirrel monkey), S. sciureus (common squirrel monkey), and S. ustus. They inhabit tropical rain forests in Central and South America. S. sciureus is used extensively in research studies.

UI = D012453

 

Saimirinae

AN = New World monkeys; IM; qualif permitted; diseases: coord IM with MONKEY DISEASES (IM)

MS = A subfamily of CEBIDAE inhabiting the forests of Central and South America. This subfamily of New World monkeys consists of one genus, the SAIMIRI or squirrel monkeys.

UI = D016648

 

Saint Lucia

AN = an island in the West Indies

MS = An independent state in the West Indies. Its capital is Castries. It was probably discovered by Columbus in 1502 and first settled by the English in 1605. Contended for by the French and English in the 17th century, it was regarded as neutral in 1748 but changed hands many times in the wars of the 19th century. It became a self-governing state in association with Great Britain in 1967 and achieved independence in 1979. Columbus named it for the day on which he discovered it, the feast of St. Lucy, a Sicilian virgin martyr. (From Webster's New Geographical Dictionary, 1988, p1051 & Room, Brewer's Dictionary of Names, 1992, p477)

UI = D019431

 

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines

AN = self-governing islands in the West Indies; do not confuse X ref GRENADINES with GRENADA, also in the West Indies; DF: ST VINCENT

MS = A self-governing state of the Windward Islands in the West Indies, comprising Saint Vincent and the northern islets of the Grenadines. Its capital is Kingstown. It is one of the original homes of the Carib Indians supposed to have been sighted by Columbus in 1498. It was in English hands from 1627 till held by the French 1779-83. Saint Vincent subsequently became a British possession and, with other nearby British territories, was administered by the Governor of the Windward Islands till 1959. It attained a measure of independence in 1969 but achieved full independence as Saint Vincent and the Grenadines in 1979. Saint Vincent was the 4th century Spanish martyr on whose feast day Columbus discovered the island. Grenadines is derived from the Spanish kingdom of Granada. (From Webster's New Geographical Dictionary, 1988, p1054 & The Europa World Year Book 1993, p2441)

UI = D019436

 

Saint Kitts and Nevis

AN = an independent federation in the West Indies

MS = An independent federation of the Leeward Islands in the West Indies, consisting of Saint Christopher, Nevis, and Sombrero. Its capital is Basseterre. It was discovered by Columbus in 1493, settled by the British in 1625, the first of the Leeward Islands to be colonized by them. It was held jointly by the French and English 1628-1713, but returned to Great Britain by the Treaty of Utrecht in 1713. It was held by the French 1782-83. Under the British for the next 200 years, it gained its independence in 1983. (From Webster's New Geographical Dictionary, 1988, p1045; Embassy, telephone 202-686-2636)

UI = D019437

 

Saints

AN = IM; coord with RELIGION AND MEDICINE (IM) if pertinent + specific med aspect (IM); TN H: form of Saint names as subject name

MS = Persons officially recognized or acknowledged as pre-eminent for consecration, holiness, and piety, especially through canonization by a branch of the Christian church. (From Webster, 3d ed)

UI = D018597

 

Salamandra

AN = NIM when exper animal: no qualif; when IM, qualif permitted

MS = A genus of European newts in the Salamandridae family. The two species of this genus are Salamandra salamandra (European "fire" salamander) and Salamandra atra (European alpine salamander).

UI = D012454

 

Salamandridae

AN = GEN: prefer specifics; NIM when exper animal: no qualif; when IM, qualif permitted

MS = A family of Urodela consisting of 15 living genera and about 42 species and occurring in North America, Europe, Asia, and North Africa.

UI = D012455

 

Salaries and Fringe Benefits

AN = DF: SALARIES

MS = The remuneration paid or benefits granted to an employee.

UI = D012456

 

Salicylamides

MS = Amides of salicylic acid.

UI = D012457

 

Salicylanilides

AN = antifungals

MS = 2-Hydroxy-N-phenylbenzamides. N-phenyl substituted salicylamides. Derivatives have been used as fungicides, anti-mildew agents and topical antifungal agents. In concentrated form may cause irritation of skin and mucous membranes.

UI = D012458

 

Salicylates

MS = The salts, esters of salicylic acids, or salicylate esters of an organic acid. Some of these have analgesic, antipyretic, and anti-inflammatory activities by inhibiting prostaglandin synthesis.

UI = D012459

 

Salicylic Acid

AN = SALICYLIC ACIDS is also available

MS = A compound obtained from the bark of the white willow and wintergreen leaves, and also prepared synthetically. It has bacteriostatic, fungicidal, and keratolytic actions. Its salts, the salicylates, are used as analgesics. (From Dorland's, 28th ed)

UI = D020156

 

Salicylic Acids

AN = SALICYLIC ACID is also available

MS = Derivatives and salts of SALICYLIC ACID.

UI = D012461

 

Saline Solution, Hypertonic

AN = NIM, no qualif; when IM, use D25-26 qualif; DF: SALINE SOL HYPERTONIC

MS = Hypertonic sodium chloride solution. A solution having an osmotic pressure greater than that of physiologic salt solution (0.9 g NaCl in 100 ml purified water).

UI = D012462

 

Saliva

AN = TN 169: relation to SALIVATION & SALIVARY GLANDS; "salivary IGA": index SALIVA (IM) + IGA, SECRETORY (IM)

MS = The clear, alkaline, somewhat viscid secretion from the parotid, submaxillary, sublingual, and smaller mucous glands of the mouth. (Dorland, 28th ed)

UI = D012463

 

Saliva, Artificial

AN = D25-D26 qualif

MS = A solution used for irrigating the mouth in xerostomia and as a substitute for saliva.

UI = D012464

 

Salivary Duct Calculi

AN = chem composition of calculi: use /chem; /ultrastruct permitted; coord IM with specific precoord salivary gland dis term (IM); do not confuse with SALIVARY GLAND CALCULI: see MeSH definition

MS = Small calculi found in the terminal salivary ducts may be referred to as salivary sand. Larger calculi (stones) are found in the larger ducts, such as Stensen's duct and Wharton's duct.

UI = D012465

 

Salivary Ducts

AN = IM; dis of salivary ducts = SALIVARY DUCTS (IM) + SALIVARY GLAND DISEASES (IM); dis of ducts of a specific salivary gland = specific salivary gland (IM) or specific salivary gland dis (IM); /radiogr = SIALOGRAPHY & do not add SALIVARY DUCTS (IM or NIM) unless particularly discussed

MS = The ducts that convey the saliva. They are the parotid duct, the major and minor sublingual ducts, and the submandibular duct. (Dorland, 28th ed)

UI = D018987

 

Salivary Gland Calculi

AN = chem composition of calculi: use /chem; /ultrastruct permitted; coord IM with specific precoord salivary gland dis term (IM); do not confuse with SALIVARY DUCT CALCULI: see MeSH definition

MS = Calculi occurring in a salivary gland. Most salivary gland calculi occur in the submandibular gland, but can also occur in the parotid gland and in the sublingual and minor salivary glands.

UI = D015494

 

Salivary Gland Diseases

AN = GEN: prefer specifics; inflamm dis = SIALADENITIS; tuberc sialadenitis or tuberc of salivary glands = SIALADENITIS (IM) + TUBERCULOSIS, ORAL (IM)

UI = D012466

 

Salivary Gland Fistula

AN = abnorm passage in salivary duct or gland & between duct or gland & another organ; fistula policy: Manual 23.19+; coord IM with specific salivary gland or precoord salivary gland dis (IM)

MS = An abnormal passage between a salivary duct or gland and the cutaneous surface, or into the oral cavity through other than a normal pathway. (Dorland, 27th ed)

UI = D012467

 

Salivary Gland Neoplasms

AN = GEN: prefer specific precoord; /blood supply /chem /second /secret /ultrastruct permitted; coord IM with histol type of neopl (IM)

UI = D012468

 

Salivary Glands

AN = GEN; /secret: see also SALIVATION; TN 169: relation to SALIVA & SALIVATION; inflammation = SIALADENITIS; tuberc of salivary glands or tuberc sialadenitis = SIALADENITIS (IM) + TUBERCULOSIS, ORAL (IM)

UI = D012469

 

Salivary Glands, Minor

AN = diseases: coord NIM with SALIVARY GLAND DISEASES (IM)

MS = Accessory salivary glands located in the lip, cheek, tongue, floor of mouth, palate and intramaxillary.

UI = D012470

 

Salivary Proteins

AN = in saliva & salivary glands; /biosyn /drug eff /physiol permitted; do not confuse with SIALOPROTEINS, a type of glycoprotein

MS = Proteins found in saliva and the salivary glands. These proteins show some enzymatic activity, but their composition varies in different individuals.

UI = D012471

 

Salivation

AN = TN 169: relation to SALIVA & SALIVARY GLANDS

MS = The secretion of saliva which serves to moisten and soften food and keep the mouth moist. (From Dorland, 28th ed)

UI = D012472

 

Salmine

UI = D012473

 

Salmo salar

MS = A commercially important predatory fish of the order Salmoniformes which occurs in the North Atlantic.

UI = D020317

 

Salmon

AN = IM; qualif permitted; genera of family SALMONIDAE called Oncorhynchus & Salmo are salmon or trout: check text; salmon for eating: see notes on FISH PRODUCTS; canned salmon = SALMON (IM) + FOOD PRESERVATION (IM)

MS = Fish of the genera ONCORHYNCHUS and Salmo in the family SALMONIDAE. They are anadromous game fish, frequenting the coastal waters of both the North Atlantic and Pacific. They are known for their gameness as a sport fish and for the quality of their flesh as a table fish. (Webster, 3d ed).

UI = D012474

 

Salmonella

AN = GEN or unspecified; prefer specifics; infection = SALMONELLA INFECTIONS or its specifics: see notes on species terms for various infections

MS = A genus of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria that utilizes citrate as a sole carbon source. It is pathogenic for humans, causing enteric fevers, gastroenteritis, and bacteremia. Food poisoning is the most common clinical manifestation. Organisms within this genus are separated on the basis of antigenic characteristics, sugar fermentation patterns, and bacteriophage susceptibility.

UI = D012475

 

Salmonella arizonae

AN = infection: coord IM with SALMONELLA INFECTIONS (IM)

MS = Gram-negative rods widely distributed in lizards and snakes, and implicated in enteric, bone, and joint infections in man.

UI = D012476

 

Salmonella enterica

MS = A subgenus of Salmonella containing several medically important serotypes. The habitat for the majority of strains is warm-blooded animals.

UI = D019779

 

Salmonella enteritidis

AN = infection: coord IM with SALMONELLA INFECTIONS (IM)

MS = A serotype of Salmonella enterica which is an etiologic agent of gastroenteritis in man and other animals.

UI = D012477

 

Salmonella Food Poisoning

MS = Poisoning caused by ingestion of food harboring species of SALMONELLA. Conditions of raising, shipping, slaughtering, and marketing of domestic animals contribute to the spread of this bacterium in the food supply.

UI = D012478

 

Salmonella hirschfeldii

AN = infection: coord IM with PARATYPHOID FEVER (IM)

MS = A serotype of Salmonella enterica which is an agent of PARATYPHOID FEVER in Asia, Africa, and southern Europe.

UI = D012479

 

Salmonella Infections

AN = gram-neg bact infect; GEN or unspecified; see notes on specific species terms; SALMONELLA INFECTIONS, ANIMAL & SALMONELLA FOOD POISONING are available

MS = Infections with bacteria of the genus SALMONELLA.

UI = D012480

 

Salmonella Infections, Animal

AN = exper or vet; don't forget to check tag ANIMAL

MS = Infections in animals with bacteria of the genus SALMONELLA.

UI = D012481

 

Salmonella paratyphi A

AN = infection: coord IM with PARATYPHOID FEVER (IM)

MS = A serotype of Salmonella enterica that causes mild paratyphoid fever in humans.

UI = D012482

 

Salmonella Phages

AN = coord IM with specific Salmonella (NIM)

MS = Viruses whose host is Salmonella. A frequently encountered Salmonella phage is BACTERIOPHAGE P22.

UI = D012483

 

Salmonella schottmuelleri

AN = infection: coord IM with PARATYPHOID FEVER (IM)

MS = A serotype of Salmonella enterica which is the etiologic agent of enteric fever in man.

UI = D012484

 

Salmonella typhi

AN = infection = TYPHOID

MS = A serotype of Salmonella enterica which is the etiologic agent of TYPHOID.

UI = D012485

 

Salmonella typhimurium

AN = infection: consider SALMONELLA FOOD POISONING (IM) or SALMONELLA INFECTIONS (IM) + SALMONELLA TYPHIMURIUM (IM)

MS = A serotype of Salmonella enterica that is a frequent agent of Salmonella gastroenteritis in humans. It also causes PARATYPHOID FEVER.

UI = D012486

 

Salmonidae

AN = GEN or unspecified; prefer SALMON & TROUT but check text for genera Oncorhynchus & Salmo: some are salmon, some are trout; IM; qualif permitted

MS = A family of anadromous fish comprising the salmons, trouts, whitefishes, graylings, and chars. They are the most important food and game fishes. Their habitat is the northern Atlantic and Pacific, both marine and inland, and the Great Lakes. (Nelson: Fishes of the World, 1976, p97)

UI = D012487

 

Salmoniformes

AN = a large order of 508 species of fish; GEN or unspecified: prefer specific families or specific genera

MS = An order of fish comprising pikes, salmons, mudminnows, smelts, barreleyes, slickheads, trouts, and many other families - totalling 24 - with 145 genera and 508 species. They are both marine and freshwater fish, found in all oceans and are quite numerous in the Northern Hemisphere. (From Nelson: Fishes of the World)

UI = D017858

 

Salpingitis

AN = inflamm of fallopian tube

MS = Inflammation of the uterine tube. (Dorland, 27th ed)

UI = D012488

 

Salpingostomy

AN = do not use /util except by MeSH definition

MS = Formation of an artificial opening in a fallopian tube.

UI = D012489

 

Salsoline Alkaloids

AN = /biosyn permitted

MS = Tetrahydroisoquinolinol alkaloids in both dextro and levo forms, originally from Salsola richteri; may be hypotensive due to inhibition of certain brain enzymes; may be formed de novo in brain from dopamine during alcoholism.

UI = D012490

 

Salt Gland

AN = in marine animals & birds only; X ref RECTAL GLAND is found in sharks, rays & skates & is used often in marine electrolyte studies

MS = A compound tubular gland, located around the eyes and nasal passages in marine animals and birds, the physiology of which figures in water-electrolyte balance. The Pekin duck serves as a common research animal in salt gland studies. A rectal gland or rectal salt gland in the dogfish shark is attached at the junction of the intestine and cloaca and aids the kidneys in removing excess salts from the blood. (Storer, Usinger, Stebbins & Nybakken: General Zoology, 6th ed, p658)

UI = D012491

 

Salts

AN = note plural: not for "salt" referring to common salt (SODIUM CHLORIDE) or TABLE SALT see SODIUM CHLORIDE, DIETARY; GEN; NIM; Manual 25.5.5.2

MS = Substances produced from the reaction between acids and bases; compounds consisting of a metal (positive) and nonmetal (negative) radical. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)

UI = D012492

 

Salvage Therapy

AN = after failure of other types of ther; usually in cancer ther; do not use /util except by MeSH definition; Manual 24.4.2.2.2

MS = A therapeutic approach, involving chemotherapy, radiation therapy, or surgery, after initial regimens have failed to lead to improvement in a patient's condition. Salvage therapy is most often used for neoplastic diseases.

UI = D016879

 

Samarium

AN = a rare earth metal; Sm-152; Sm-144, 150, 154 = SAMARIUM (IM) + ISOTOPES (NIM); Sm-142, 143, 145-149, 151, 153, 155-157 = SAMARIUM (IM) + RADIOISOTOPES (IM)

MS = Samarium. An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Sm, atomic number 62, and atomic weight 150.36. The oxide is used in the control rods of some nuclear reactors.

UI = D012493

 

Sampling Studies

AN = NIM with specific study IM; no qualif; epidemiological & statist only: not for blood samples, soil samples, water samples, air samples, etc.

MS = Studies in which a number of subjects are selected from all subjects in a defined population. Conclusions based on sample results may be attributed only to the population sampled.

UI = D012494

 

Samoa

AN = an island group in Polynesia; AMERICAN SAMOA & INDEPENDENT STATE OF SAMOA are also available

MS = A group of islands in the southwest central Pacific, divided into AMERICAN SAMOA and the INDEPENDENT STATE OF SAMOA (Western Samoa). First European contact was made in 1722 by Jacob Roggeveen, a Dutchman. In 1768 they were named Navigators Islands by Louis de Bougainville. The present name may derive from that of a local chieftain or from a local word meaning place of the moa, a now-extinct island bird. (From Webster's New Geographical Dictionary, 1988, p1061 & Room, Brewer's Dictionary of Names, 1992, p481)

UI = D018947

 

Sample Size

AN = NIM with specific population or circumstances sampled (IM); no qualif; not restricted to epidemiology

MS = The number of units (persons, animals, patients, specified circumstances, etc.) in a population to be studied. The sample size should be big enough to have a high likelihood of detecting a true difference between two groups. (From Wassertheil-Smoller, Biostatistics and Epidemiology, 1990, p95)

UI = D018401

 

San Francisco

UI = D012495

 

San Marino

UI = D012496

 

Sandfly Fever Group Viruses

AN = a group of viruses of the genus Phlebovirus; do not confuse X ref SANDFLY FEVER VIRUS with SANDFLY FEVER SICILIAN VIRUS see PHLEBOVIRUS; infection = PHLEBOTOMUS FEVER

MS = A group of viruses in the genus PHLEBOVIRUS of the family BUNYAVIRIDAE transmitted by the sandfly, Phlebotomus papatasii, and causing a short febrile illness in humans. The sandfly fever Sicilian virus, the type species of the PHLEBOVIRUS genus, is not part of this group.

UI = D010218

 

Sandhoff Disease

AN = a gangliosidosis, a variant of TAY-SACHS DISEASE; do not use /congen & do not coord with INFANT, NEWBORN, DISEASES CATALOG: do not use /in inf

MS = A variant of Tay-Sachs disease. It is caused by a deficiency of hexosaminidases A & B inherited as an autosomal recessive trait, leading to accumulation of G(M2) ganglioside and the sphingolipid globoside in neurons. The diseases manifests clinically as psychomotor retardation and deterioration, blindness, cherry red spot in the macula, hepatosplenomegaly, and death in 1-3 years.

UI = D012497

 

Sanitary Engineering

AN = SPEC; SPEC qualif

MS = A branch of engineering concerned with the design, construction, and maintenance of environmental facilities conducive to public health, such as water supply and waste disposal.

UI = D012498

 

Sanitation

AN = SPEC: SPEC qualif CATALOG: /geog /form

MS = The development and establishment of environmental conditions favorable to the health of the public.

UI = D012499

 

Santonin

AN = an antinematodal agent

MS = Anthelminic isolated from the dried unexpanded flower heads of Artemisia maritima and other species of Artemisia found principally in Russian and Chinese Turkestan and the Southern Ural region. (From Merck, 11th ed.)

UI = D012500

 

Saphenous Vein

MS = The vein which drains the foot and leg.

UI = D012501

 

Sapogenins

MS = The aglucon moiety of a saponin molecule. It may be triterpenoid or steroid, usually spirostan, in nature.

UI = D012502

 

Saponins

AN = glycosides found in plants

MS = Sapogenin glycosides. A type of glycoside widely distributed in plants. Each consists of a sapogenin as the aglycon moiety, and a sugar. The sapogenin may be a steroid or a triterpene and the sugar may be glucose, galactose, a pentose, or a methylpentose. Sapogenins are poisonous towards the lower forms of life and are powerful hemolytics when injected into the blood stream able to dissolve red blood cells at even extreme dilutions.

UI = D012503

 

Saquinavir

AN = an HIV protease inhib

MS = An HIV protease inhibitor which acts as an analog of an HIV protease cleavage site. It is a highly specific inhibitor of HIV-1 and HIV-2 proteases.

UI = D019258

 

Saralasin

AN = an ACE inhib; /biosyn /physiol permitted

MS = 1-(N-Methylglycine)-5-L-valine-8-L-alanineangiotensin II. An octapeptide analog of angiotensin II (bovine) with amino acids 1 and 8 replaced with sarcosine and alanine, respectively. It is a highly specific competitive inhibitor of angiotensin II.

UI = D012504

 

Sarcina

AN = in air, water, soil, mud

MS = A genus of gram-positive, anaerobic bacteria whose organisms divide in three perpendicular planes and occur in packets of eight or more cells. It has been isolated from soil, grains, and clinical specimens.

UI = D012505

 

Sarcocystis

AN = infection = SARCOCYSTOSIS; /drug eff: consider also COCCIDIOSTATS; for antigens, coord with ANTIGENS, PROTOZOAN, for antibodies, coord with ANTIBODIES, PROTOZOAN

MS = A genus of protozoa found in reptiles, birds, and mammals, including humans. This heteroxenous parasite produces muscle cysts in intermediate hosts such as domestic herbivores (cattle, sheep, pigs) and rodents. Final hosts are predators such as dogs, cats, and man.

UI = D012522

 

Sarcocystosis

AN = sporozoan infect caused by SARCOCYSTIS; /drug ther: consider also COCCIDIOSTATS

MS = Infection of the striated muscle of mammals by parasites of the genus SARCOCYSTIS. Disease symptoms such as vomiting, diarrhea, muscle weakness, and paralysis are produced by sarcocystin, a toxin produced by the organism.

UI = D012523

 

Sarcodina

AN = a subphylum of protozoa

MS = A subphylum of protozoa characterized by the ability to alter their body shape. Its organisms acquire food by pseudopodia of various types, or by locomotive protoplasmic flow without the production of discrete pseudopodia. Flagella, when present, are usually restricted to developmental or other temporary stages.

UI = D012506

 

Sarcodina Infections

AN = protozoan infect; GEN or unspecified; most common infect is AMEBIASIS or its specifics

MS = Infections with protozoa of the subphylum SARCODINA.

UI = D016775

 

Sarcoidosis

AN = a granulomatous reticulosis affecting any organ; coord IM with organ/dis precoord (IM); sarcoidosis of heart: coord IM with MYOCARDIAL DISEASES (IM), not HEART DISEASES

MS = A chronic, progressive, systemic granulomatous reticulosis of unknown etiology, involving almost any organ or tissue, including the skin, lungs, lymph nodes, liver, spleen, eyes, and small bones of the hands and feet. It is characterized histologically by noncaseating epithelioid cell tubercles in all affected organs. Laboratory findings may show hypercalcemia and hypergammaglobulinemia, diminished or absent reactivity to tuberculin, and a positive Kveim reaction in most active cases. (Dorland, 27th ed)

UI = D012507

 

Sarcoidosis, Pulmonary

AN = an interstitial lung dis; DF: SARCOIDOSIS PULM

MS = Sarcoidosis affecting predominantly the lungs, the site most frequently involved and most commonly causing morbidity and mortality in sarcoidosis. Pulmonary sarcoidosis is characterized by sharply circumscribed granulomas in the alveolar, bronchial, and vascular walls, composed of tightly packed cells derived from the mononuclear phagocyte system. The clinical symptoms when present are dyspnea upon exertion, nonproductive cough, and wheezing. (Cecil Textbook of Medicine, 19th ed, p431)

UI = D017565

 

Sarcolemma

AN = A 11 qualif except /cytol; /genet permitted

MS = The excitable plasma membrane of a muscle cell. (Glick, Glossary of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 1990)

UI = D012508

 

Sarcoma

AN = /blood supply /chem /second /secret /ultrastruct permitted; coord IM with precoord organ/neopl term (IM); SARCOMA, EXPERIMENTAL is also available

MS = A connective tissue neoplasm formed by proliferation of mesodermal cells; it is usually highly malignant.

UI = D012509

 

Sarcoma 180

AN = exper neopl; /blood supply /chem /second /secret /ultrastruct permitted; don't forget check tag ANIMAL

UI = D012510

 

Sarcoma 37

AN = exper neopl; /blood supply /chem /second /secret /ultrastruct permitted; don't forget check tag ANIMAL

UI = D012511

 

Sarcoma, Alveolar Soft Part

AN = "alveolar" has nothing to do with pulm alveoli: it refers to sac-like pathol of soft part; /blood /chem /second /secret /ultrastruct permitted; coord IM with precoord organ/neopl term (IM)

MS = A variety of sarcoma having a reticulated fibrous stroma enclosing groups of sarcoma cells, which resemble epithelial cells and are enclosed in alveoli walled with connective tissue. It is a rare tumor, usually occurring between 15 and 35 years of age. It appears in the muscles of the extremities in adults and most commonly in the head and neck region of children. Though slow-growing, it commonly metastasizes to the lungs, brain, bones, and lymph nodes. (From Dorland, 27th ed; DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles & Practice of Oncology, 3d ed, p1365)

UI = D018234

 

Sarcoma, Avian

AN = caused by a retrovirus; /blood supply /chem /second /secret /ultrastruct permitted; don't forget also BIRDS or POULTRY (NIM) or specific bird or fowl (IM); check tag ANIMAL

MS = Connective tissue tumors, affecting primarily fowl, that are usually caused by avian sarcoma viruses.

UI = D001357

 

Sarcoma, Clear Cell

AN = /blood supply /chem /second /secret /ultrastruct permitted; coord IM with precoord organ/neopl term (IM)

MS = A sarcoma of young, often female, adults of the lower extremities and acral regions, intimately bound to tendons as circumscribed but unencapsulated melanin-bearing tumors of neuroectodermal origin. An ultrastructural finding simulates flattened and curved barrel staves, corresponding to the internal structures of premelanosomes. There is a 45-60% mortality in clear cell sarcoma. (Segen, Dictionary of Modern Medicine, 1992)

UI = D018227

 

Sarcoma, Endometrial Stromal

AN = /blood supply /chem /second /secret /ultrastruct permitted; coord IM with ENDOMETRIAL NEOPLASMS (IM)

MS = A highly malignant neoplasm of the endometrium, arising from the endometrial stroma. It represents one type of stromal tumor, the other being endolymphatic stromal myosis. They are differentiated on the basis of the number of mitoses per 10 high power fields: endometrial stromal sarcoma has 10 or more mitoses, endolymphatic stromal myosis fewer. Stroma sarcoma is seen most often between the ages of 45 and 50. (DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles & Practice of Oncology, 3d ed, p1146)

UI = D018203

Sarcoma, Ewing's

AN = /blood supply /chem /second /secret /ultrastruct permitted; coord IM with BONE NEOPLASMS (IM) or specific bone/neopl term (IM) or specific bone (IM) + BONE NEOPLASMS (IM)

MS = A malignant tumor of the bone which always arises in the medullary tissue, occurring more often in cylindrical bones. There are conspicuous foci of necrosis in association with irregular masses of small, regular, rounded or ovoid cells with very scanty cytoplasm. The tumor occurs usually before the age of 20, about twice as frequently in males as in females. (From Dorland, 27th ed; Stedman, 25th ed)

UI = D012512

 

Sarcoma, Experimental

AN = animal only; /blood supply /chem /second /secret /ultrastruct permitted; coord IM with precoord organ/neopl term (IM or NIM if relevant); don't forget check tag animal; DF: SARCOMA EXPER

UI = D012513

 

Sarcoma, Kaposi

AN = /blood supply /chem /second /secret /ultrastruct permitted; coord IM with precoord organ/neopl term (IM)

MS = A multicentric, malignant neoplastic vascular proliferation characterized by the development of bluish-red cutaneous nodules, usually on the lower extremities, most often on the toes or feet, and slowly increasing in size and number and spreading to more proximal areas. The tumors have endothelium-lined channels and vascular spaces admixed with variably sized aggregates of spindle-shaped cells, and often remain confined to the skin and subcutaneous tissue, but widespread visceral involvement may occur. Kaposi's sarcoma occurs spontaneously in Jewish and Italian males in Europe and the United States. An aggressive variant in young children is endemic in some areas of Africa. A third form occurs in about 0.04% of kidney transplant patients. There is also a high incidence in AIDS patients. (From Dorland, 27th ed & Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, pp2105-7) HHV-8 is the suspected cause.

UI = D012514

 

Sarcoma, Mast-Cell

AN = /blood supply /chem /second /secret /ultrastruct permitted; coord IM with precoord organ/neopl term (IM)

UI = D012515

 

sarcoma(Osteo) (see:Osteosarcoma)

 

Sarcoma, Small Cell

AN = /blood supply /chem/ second /secret /ultrastruct permitted; coord IM with precoord organ/neopl term (IM)

MS = A sarcoma characterized by the presence of small cells, cells measuring 9-14 micrometers with a faint or indistinct rim of cytoplasm and an oval-to-elongated nucleus with relatively dense chromatin. (From Segen, Dictionary of Modern Medicine, 1992)

UI = D018228

 

Sarcoma, Synovial

AN = /blood supply /chem /second /secret /ultrastruct permitted; coord IM with precoord organ/neopl term (IM)

MS = A malignant neoplasm arising from tenosynovial tissue of the joints and in synovial cells of tendons and bursae. The legs are the most common site, but the tumor can occur in the abdominal wall and other trunk muscles. There are two recognized types: the monophasic (characterized by sheaths of monotonous spindle cells) and the biphasic (characterized by slit-like spaces or clefts within the tumor, lined by cuboidal or tall columnar epithelial cells). These sarcomas occur most commonly in the second and fourth decades of life. (From Dorland, 27th ed; DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles & Practice of Oncology, 3d ed, p1363)

UI = D013584

 

Sarcoma Virus, Feline

AN = a species of Retroviruses Type C, Mammalian; infection: coord IM with RETROVIRIDAE INFECTIONS (IM) + TUMOR VIRUS INFECTIONS (IM); DF: FESV

MS = A species of mammalian type C retroviruses (RETROVIRUSES TYPE C, MAMMALIAN) isolated from fibrosarcoma in cats. The virus is actually a recombinant feline leukemia virus (FeLV) where part of the genome has been replaced by cellular oncogenes. It is unique to individuals and not transmitted naturally to other cats. FeSV is replication defective and requires FeLV to reproduce.

UI = D005253

 

Sarcoma Viruses, Avian

AN = a species of the genus Retroviruses Type C, Avian; infection: coord IM with SARCOMA, AVIAN (IM) but see note there

MS = Species of avian type C retroviruses (RETROVIRUSES TYPE C, AVIAN) producing sarcomata and other tumors in chickens and other fowl and also in pigeons, ducks, and rats.

UI = D001358

 

Sarcoma Viruses, Murine

AN = defective species of the genus Retroviruses Type C, Mammalian; infection: coord IM with RETROVIRIDAE INFECTIONS (IM) + TUMOR VIRUS INFECTIONS (IM) + SARCOMA, EXPERIMENTAL (IM)

MS = Species of replication-defective mammalian type C retroviruses (RETROVIRUSES TYPE C, MAMMALIAN) which are capable of transforming cells, but which replicate and produce tumors only in the presence of murine leukemia viruses (LEUKEMIA VIRUSES, MURINE).

UI = D009053

 

Sarcoma Viruses, Simian

AN = species of the genus Retroviruses Type C, Mammalian; infection: coord IM with RETROVIRIDAE INFECTIONS (IM) + TUMOR VIRUS INFECTIONS (IM); DF: SSV

MS = Species of mammalian type C retroviruses (RETROVIRUSES TYPE C, MAMMALIAN) producing tumors in primates. Originally isolated from a fibrosarcoma in a woolly monkey, SSV is a replication-defective v-onc virus which carries the sis oncogene. In order to propagate, SSV requires a replication-competent helper virus, simian sarcoma virus-associated virus (SSAV).

UI = D012842

 

Sarcoma, Yoshida

AN = exper neopl; /blood supply /chem /second /secret /ultrastruct permitted; don't forget check tag ANIMAL

UI = D012517

 

Sarcomastigophora

AN = a phylum of protozoa; infection = SARCOMASTIGOPHORA INFECTIONS; for antigens, coord with ANTIGENS, PROTOZOAN, for antibodies, coord with ANTIBODIES, PROTOZOAN

MS = A phylum of protozoa with a single-type nucleus and locomotion by flagella, pseudopodia, or both types of locomotor organelles. It comprises the subphyla MASTIGOPHORA, Opalinata, and SARCODINA.

UI = D016820

 

Sarcomastigophora Infections

AN = protozoan infect; GEN: prefer specifics

MS = Infections with protozoa of the phylum SARCOMASTIGOPHORA.

UI = D016771

 

Sarcomeres

AN = A 11 qualif except /cytol; /genet permitted

MS = The repeating contractile units of the myofibril, delimited by Z bands along its length.

UI = D012518

 

Sarcoplasmic Reticulum

AN = A 11 qualif except /cytol; /genet permitted

MS = A special form of agranular reticulum found in the sarcoplasm of striated muscle and comprising a system of smooth-surfaced tubules forming a plexus around each myofibril. (Dorland, 27th ed)

UI = D012519

 

Sarcoptes scabiei

AN = mite; /microbiol /parasitol /permitted; infestation = SCABIES

UI = D012520

 

Sarcosine

AN = an amino acid

MS = An amino acid occurring as an intermediate in the metabolism of choline in the kidney and liver. It is normally not detectable in human blood or urine. (Dorland, 28th ed)

UI = D012521

 

1-Sarcosine-8-Isoleucine Angiotensin II

AN = an ACE inhib; DF: SAR ISO ANG

MS = An angiotensin II analog which acts as a highly specific inhibitor of angiotensin II.

UI = D015059

 

Sarin

MS = An organophosphorous ester compound that produces potent and irreversible inhibition of cholinesterase. It is toxic to the nervous system and is a chemical warfare agent.

UI = D012524

 

Saskatchewan

MS = A province of Canada, lying between the provinces of Alberta and Manitoba. Its capital is Regina. It is entirely a plains region with prairie in the south and wooded country with many lakes and swamps in the north. The name was taken from the Saskatchewan River from the Cree name Kisiskatchewani Sipi, meaning rapid-flowing river. (From Webster's New Geographical Dictionary, 1988, p1083 & Room, Brewer's Dictionary of Names, 1992, p486)

UI = D012525

 

Satellite Communications

MS = Communications using an active or passive satellite to extend the range of radio, television, or other electronic transmission by returning signals to earth from an orbiting satellite.

UI = D017215

 

Satellite Viruses

AN = defective viruses able to multiply only with a helper virus; coord IM with specific virus (IM)

MS = Defective viruses which can multiply only by association with a helper virus which complements the defective gene. Satellite viruses may be associated with certain plant viruses, animal viruses, or bacteriophages. They differ from satellite RNA (RNA, SATELLITE) in that satellite viruses encode their own coat protein.

UI = D012526

 

Satiation

AN = human & animal

MS = Full gratification of a need or desire followed by a state of relative insensitivity to that particular need or desire.

UI = D012527

 

Satiety Response

AN = human & animal

MS = Behavioral response associated with the achieving of gratification.

UI = D012528

 

Saturn

AN = 6th planet from sun with 12 moons; no qualif

MS = The sixth planet in order from the sun. It is one of the five outer planets of the solar system. Its twelve natural satellites include Phoebe and Titan.

UI = D018539

 

Saudi Arabia

UI = D012529

 

Saxitoxin

AN = from a marine dinoflagellate; /antag permitted but consider also ANTITOXINS

MS = Poison found in certain edible mollusks at certain times; elaborated by Gonyaulax species (Dinoflagellate protozoans) and consumed by mollusks, fishes, etc. without ill effects; it is neurotoxic and causes respiratory paralysis and other effects in mammals, known as paralytic shellfish poisoning.

UI = D012530

 

SC-19220

AN = prostaglandin antag

MS = 1-Acetyl-2-(8-chloro-10,11-dihydrodibenz(b,f)(1,4)oxazepine-10-carbonyl hydrazine. Inhibits the activity of prostaglandins.

UI = D012531

 

Scabies

AN = mite infest caused by Sarcoptes scabiei

MS = A contagious cutaneous inflammation caused by the bite of the mite SARCOPTES SCABIEI. It is characterized by pruritic papular eruptions and burrows and affects primarily the axillae, elbows, wrists, and genitalia, although it can spread to cover the entire body.

UI = D012532

 

Scala Tympani

MS = The lower tube of the cochlea, extending from the round window to the helicotrema and containing perilymph.

UI = D012533

 

Scalp

AN = only skin of head covered with hair: does not include forehead or ears; diseases of skin or hair of scalp = SCALP DERMATOSES; neopl of scalp = SKIN NEOPLASMS (IM) + SCALP (IM) + histol type of neopl (IM)

UI = D012535

 

Scalp Dermatoses

AN = consider synonym for dermatitis of scalp & do not add DERMATITIS unless one of the specific DERMATITIS terms in MeSH; does not include neopl of scalp: see note on SCALP

UI = D012536

 

Scandentia

AN = order of mammals consisting of a single family, TUPAIIDAE, the tree shrews; IM; qualif permitted

MS = An order of the class MAMMALS that consists of one family, TUPAIIDAE (tree shrews), 5 genera (one of which is TUPAIA), and 16 species. Their recent distribution is from India to the Philippines, southern China to Java, Borneo, Sumatra, Bali, and other islands in those regions.

UI = D016675

 

Scandinavia

AN = includes NORWAY, SWEDEN & DENMARK

UI = D012537

 

Scandium

AN = a rare earth metal; Sc-45; Sc-40-44, 46-50 = SCANDIUM (IM) + RADIOISOTOPES (IM)

MS = Scandium. An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Sc, atomic number 21, and atomic weight 45.

UI = D012538

 

Scapegoating

AN = no qualif

MS = Process in which the mechanisms of projection or displacement are utilized in focusing feelings of aggression, hostility, frustration, etc., upon another individual or group; the amount of blame being unwarranted.

UI = D012539

 

Scapula

AN = fracture = SCAPULA /inj (IM) + FRACTURES (IM): do not confuse with SHOULDER FRACTURES

UI = D012540

 

Scarlet Fever

AN = strep infect; also called scarlatina

MS = Infection with group A streptococci that is characterized by tonsillitis and pharyngitis. An erythematous rash is commonly present.

UI = D012541

 

Scattering, Radiation

AN = NIM; no qualif; includes light scattering (coord with LIGHT (NIM) )

MS = The process in which energy is removed from a beam of light or other electromagnetic radiation and emitted without appreciable change in wavelength. May be considered as the change in direction of a particle or photon owing to a collision with another particle or system.

UI = D012542

 

Scent Glands

AN = animal only; includes skunk perianal glands, weasel anal glands, fox musk glands, wood rat ventral glands, peccary dorsal glands

MS = Exocrine glands in animals which secrete scents which either repel or attract other animals, e.g. perianal glands of skunks, anal glands of weasels, musk glands of foxes, ventral glands of wood rats, and dorsal glands of peccaries.

UI = D012543

 

Sch-23390

AN = an antipsychotic agent; SCH stands for Schering (a pharmaceut co)

MS = 8-Chloro-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-3-methyl-5-phenyl-1H-3-benzazepin-7-ol. A dopamine D1 receptor antagonist that has no effect or only very limited effect on dopamine D2 receptors. The compound has tranquilizing effects, inhibits conditioned avoidance response, impairs memory acquisition, produces dose-dependent catalepsy, blocks central serotonin receptors, and reduces the lethal effects of cocaine.

UI = D016191

 

Scheuermann's Disease

AN = a spinal osteochondritis in children

MS = Osteochondrosis of the vertebral epiphyses in children.

UI = D012544

 

Schiff Bases

AN = IM general only; an imine: do not confuse with Schiff reagent nor PERIODIC ACID-SCHIFF REACTION

MS = Condensation products of aromatic amines and aldehydes forming azomethines substituted on the N atom, containing the general formula R-N:CHR. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)

UI = D012545

 

Schilling Test

AN = for gastrointest absorpt of vitamin B 12

MS = For gastrointestinal absorption of vitamin B 12. A measured amount of radioactive vitamin B 12 is given orally, followed by a parenteral flushing dose of the radioactive vitamin. The percentage of radioactivity is determined in the urine excreted over a 24-hour period. (Dorland, 27th ed)

UI = D012546

 

Schistosoma

AN = GEN or unspecified; prefer specifics; /drug eff: consider also SCHISTOSOMICIDES; infection = SCHISTOSOMIASIS; for antigens, coord with ANTIGENS, HELMINTH, for antibodies, coord with ANTIBODIES, HELMINTH

MS = A genus of trematode flukes belonging to the family Schistosomatidae. There are over a dozen species. These parasites are found in man and other mammals. Snails are the intermediate hosts.

UI = D012547

 

Schistosoma haematobium

AN = infection = SCHISTOSOMIASIS HAEMATOBIA; for antigens, coord with ANTIGENS, HELMINTH, for antibodies, coord with ANTIBODIES, HELMINTH

MS = A species of trematode blood flukes of the family Schistosomatidae which occurs at different stages in development in veins of the pulmonary and hepatic system and finally the bladder lumen. This parasite causes urinary schistosomiasis.

UI = D012548

 

Schistosoma japonicum

AN = infection = SCHISTOSOMIASIS JAPONICA; for antigens, coord with ANTIGENS, HELMINTH, for antibodies, coord with ANTIBODIES, HELMINTH

MS = A species of trematode blood flukes belonging to the family Schistosomatidae whose distribution is confined to areas of the Far East. The intermediate host is a snail. It occurs in man and other mammals.

UI = D012549

 

Schistosoma mansoni

AN = infection = SCHISTOSOMIASIS MANSONI; for antigens, coord with ANTIGENS, HELMINTH, for antibodies, coord with ANTIBODIES, HELMINTH

MS = A species of trematode blood flukes of the family Schistosomatidae. It is common in the Nile delta. The intermediate host is the planorbid snail. This parasite causes schistosomiasis mansoni and intestinal bilharziasis.

UI = D012550

 

Schistosomatidae

AN = a family of trematodes; infection: coord IM with TREMATODE INFECTIONS (IM); for antigens, coord with ANTIGENS, HELMINTH, for antibodies, coord with ANTIBODIES, HELMINTH

MS = A family of blood flukes of the class Trematoda which is found in animals and man. It Includes the genera Heterobilharzia, Schistosomatium, Schistosoma, Ornithobilharzia, Bilharziella, Trichobilharzia, Pseudobilharzia, and Austrobilharzia.

UI = D012551

 

Schistosomiasis

AN = trematode infect; GEN or unspecified; prefer specifics; /drug ther: consider also SCHISTOSOMICIDES

MS = Infection with flukes (trematodes) of the genus SCHISTOSOMA. Three species produce the most frequent clinical diseases: SCHISTOSOMA HAEMATOBIUM (endemic in Africa and the Middle East), SCHISTOSOMA MANSONI (in Egypt, northern and southern Africa, some West Indies islands, northern 2/3 of South America), and SCHISTOSOMA JAPONICUM (in Japan, China, the Philippines, Celebes, Thailand, Laos). S. mansoni is often seen in Puerto Ricans living in the United States. (Merck Manual, 15th ed)

UI = D012552

 

Schistosomiasis haematobia

AN = for X ref SCHISTOSOMIASIS, URINARY do not coord with URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS; in titles & translations do not capitalize haematobia

MS = Schistosomiasis caused by SCHISTOSOMA HAEMATOBIUM. It is endemic in Africa and parts of the Middle East, and affects the urinary tract.

UI = D012553

 

Schistosomiasis japonica

AN = in titles and translations do not capitalize japonica

MS = Schistosomiasis caused by Schistosoma japonicum. It is endemic in the Far East and affects the bowel, liver, and spleen,

UI = D012554

 

Schistosomiasis mansoni

AN = for X ref SCHISTOSOMIASIS, INTESTINAL do not coord with INTESTINAL DISEASES, PARASITIC; in titles & translations do not capitalize mansoni

MS = Schistosomiasis caused by Schistosoma mansoni. It is endemic in Africa, the Middle East, South America, and the Caribbean and affects mainly the bowel, spleen, and liver.

UI = D012555

 

Schistosomicides

AN = -cidal or -static; consider also SCHISTOSOMA /drug eff & SCHISTOSOMIASIS /drug ther or pertinent specifics

MS = Agents that act systemically to kill adult schistosomes.

UI = D012556

 

Schizoid Personality Disorder

MS = A personality disorder manifested by a profound defect in the ability to form social relationships, no desire for social involvement, and an indifference to praise or criticism.

UI = D012557

 

Schizophrenia

AN = GEN or unspecified; prefer specifics CATALOG: do not use /in inf ( = SCHIZOPHRENIA, CHILDHOOD)

MS = A severe emotional disorder of psychotic depth characteristically marked by a retreat from reality with delusion formation, hallucinations, emotional disharmony, and regressive behavior.

UI = D012559

 

Schizophrenia and Disorders with Psychotic Features

AN = not used for indexing CATALOG: do not use

MS = Marked disorders of thought (delusions, hallucinations, or other thought disorder accompanied by disordered affect or behavior), and deterioration from a previous level of functioning.

UI = D019967

 

Schizophrenia, Catatonic

AN = /psychol permitted but consider SCHIZOPHRENIC PSYCHOLOGY (IM) if catatonic aspect is less relevant (NIM)

MS = A type of schizophrenia characterized by abnormality of motor behavior which may involve particular forms of stupor, rigidity, excitement or inappropriate posture.

UI = D012560

 

Schizophrenia, Childhood

AN = obsolete concept, historical; do not use for schizophrenia in a child; /psychol permitted but consider SCHIZOPHRENIC PSYCHOLOGY (IM) if juvenile aspect is less relevant (NIM)

MS = An obsolete concept, historically used for childhood mental disorders thought to be a form of schizophrenia.

UI = D012561

 

Schizophrenia, Disorganized

AN = /psychol permitted but consider SCHIZOPHRENIC PSYCHOLOGY (IM) if hebephrenic aspect is less relevant (NIM)

MS = A type of schizophrenia characterized by frequent incoherence; marked loosening of associations, or grossly disorganized behavior and flat or grossly inappropriate affect that does not meet the criteria for the catatonic type; associated features include extreme social withdrawal, grimacing, mannerisms, mirror gazing, inappropriate giggling, and other odd behavior. (Dorland, 27th ed)

UI = D012562

 

Schizophrenia, Paranoid

AN = /psychol permitted but consider SCHIZOPHRENIC PSYCHOLOGY (IM) if paranoid aspect is less relevant (NIM)

MS = A chronic form of schizophrenia characterized primarily by the presence of persecutory or grandiose delusions, often associated with hallucination.

UI = D012563

 

Schizophrenic Language

AN = no qualif; any language concept in schizophrenia; coord IM with specific language term (IM) + specific type of schizophrenia if relevant (IM or NIM)

MS = The artificial language of schizophrenic patients - neologisms (words of the patient's own making with new meanings).

UI = D012564

 

Schizophrenic Psychology

AN = no qualif; any mental process in schizophrenia; coord IM with specific psychol term (IM) + specific type of schizophrenia if relevant (IM or NIM); DF: SCHIZOPHRENIC PSYCHOL

MS = Study of mental processes and behavior of schizophrenics.

UI = D012565

 

Schizopyrenida

AN = an order of protozoa

MS = An order of ameboid protozoa commonly having a monopodial cylindrically shaped body. Nuclear division is promitotic and most species have a temporary flagellate stage.

UI = D016847

 

Schnitzler Syndrome

MS = An extremely rare condition manifested as monoclonal IgM dysproteinemia without features of lymphoproliferative disease, but with chronic urticaria, fever of unknown origin, disabling bone pain, hyperostosis, and increased erythrocyte sedimentation rate.

UI = D019873

 

Scientific Integrity Review [Publication Type]

AN = publication type only; for reports of questionable data identified by the UNITED STATES OFFICE OF RESEARCH INTEGRITY and carried in the NIH Guide to Grants and Contracts; not a review article; for scientific integrity as a subject, consider main heading SCIENTIFIC MISCONDUCT

MS = Designation for reports by the United States Office of Research Integrity, identifying questionable research published in articles or books. Notification of the questionable data is carried in the NIH Guide for Grants and Contracts.

UI = D016426

 

Schizophyllum

AN = infection: coord IM with MYCOSES (IM) or specific mycosis (IM)

MS = A genus of fleshy shelf basidiomycetous fungi, family Schizophyllaceae, order APHYLLOPHORALES, growing on woody substrata. It is pathogenic in humans.

UI = D012567

 

Schizosaccharomyces

MS = A genus of ascomycetous fungi of the family Schizosaccharomycetaceae, order Schizosaccharomycetales, comprising the fission yeasts.

UI = D012568

 

Schizotypal Personality Disorder

MS = A personality disorder in which there are oddities of thought (magical thinking, paranoid ideation, suspiciousness), perception (illusions, depersonalization), speech (digressive, vague, overelaborate), and behavior (inappropriate affect in social interactions, frequently social isolation) that are not severe enough to characterize schizophrenia.

UI = D012569

 

School Admission Criteria

AN = few qualif apply

MS = Requirements for the selection of students for admission to academic institutions.

UI = D012570

 

School Dentistry

AN = SPEC; SPEC qualif CATALOG: /geog /form

MS = Preventive dental services provided for students in primary and secondary schools.

UI = D012571

 

School Health Services

AN = for high school & under; do not confuse with STUDENT HEALTH SERVICES for univ; specify geog; DF: SCHOOL HEALTH SERV CATALOG: /geog /form

MS = Preventive health services provided for students. It excludes college or university students.

UI = D012572

 

School Nursing

AN = do not confuse with SCHOOLS, NURSING; SPEC: SPEC qualif CATALOG: /geog /form

MS = Health and nursing care given to primary and secondary school students by a registered nurse.

UI = D012573

 

Schools

AN = policy: Manual 30.7.3, 30.8; specify geog if pertinent CATALOG: /geog /form

MS = Educational institutions.

UI = D012574

 

Schools, Dental

AN = Manual 30.7.3, 30.8; specify geog if pertinent; DF: SCHOOLS DENT CATALOG: /geog /form

MS = Educational institutions for individuals specializing in the field of dentistry.

UI = D012575

 

Schools, Health Occupations

AN = Manual 30.7.3, 30.8; specify geog if pertinent; DF: SCHOOLS HEALTH OCCUP CATALOG: /geog /form

MS = Schools which offer training in the area of health.

UI = D012576

 

Schools, Medical

AN = includes Facultâe de Mâedecine, Facultad de Medicina; "College of Physicians" = SOCIETIES, MEDICAL; Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USUHS), under US Dept of Defense, goes here + UNITED STATES; Manual 30.7.3, 30.8; specify geog if pertinent; DF: SCHOOLS MED CATALOG: /geog /form

MS = Educational institutions for individuals specializing in the field of medicine.

UI = D012577

 

Schools, Nursery

AN = IM CATALOG: /geog /form

MS = Schools for children usually under five years of age.

UI = D012578

 

Schools, Nursing

AN = do not confuse with SCHOOL NURSING; Manual 30.7.3, 30.8; specify geog if pertinent; DF: SCHOOLS NURS CATALOG: /geog /form

MS = Educational institutions for individuals specializing in the field of nursing.

UI = D012579

 

Schools, Pharmacy

AN = Manual 30.7.3, 30.8; specify geog if pertinent; DF: SCHOOLS PHARM CATALOG: /geog /form

MS = Educational institutions for individuals specializing in the field of pharmacy.

UI = D012580

 

Schools, Public Health

AN = Manual 30.7.3, 30.8; specify geog if pertinent CATALOG: /geog /form

MS = Educational institutions for individuals specializing in the field of public health.

UI = D012581

 

Schools, Veterinary

AN = Manual 30.7.3, 30.8; specify geog if pertinent; DF: SCHOOLS VET CATALOG: /geog /form

MS = Educational institutions for individuals specializing in the field of veterinary medicine.

UI = D012582

 

Schwann Cells

AN = cells of peripheral nerves; A 11 qualif

MS = Neuroglial cells of the peripheral nervous system which form the insulating myelin sheaths of peripheral axons.

UI = D012583

 

Sciatic Nerve

AN = a nerve of the lumbosacral plexus; the largest nerve of the body; dis: coord IM with PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM DISEASES (IM); neopl: coord IM with PERIPHERAL NERVE NEOPLASMS (IM) + histol type of neopl (IM)

MS = A nerve which originates in the lumbar and sacral spinal cord (L4 to S3) and supplies motor and sensory innervation to the lower extremity. The sciatic nerve, which is the main continuation of the sacral plexus, is the largest nerve in the body. It has two major branches, the TIBIAL NERVE and the PERONEAL NERVE.

UI = D012584

 

Sciatica

AN = do not confuse with BACK PAIN or LUMBAGO see LOW BACK PAIN: use term of text; "lombo-sciatique" in French texts is indexed here (IM) + LOW BACK PAIN (IM)

MS = A syndrome characterized by pain radiating from the back into the buttock and into the lower extremity along its posterior or lateral aspect. It is most commonly caused by prolapse of the intervertebral disk. It refers also to pain anywhere along the course of the sciatic nerve. (Dorland, 27th ed)

UI = D012585

 

Science

AN = SPEC: SPEC qualif

MS = The systematic observation of natural phenomena for the purpose of discovering laws governing those phenomena. The body of knowledge accummulated by such means. (From Dorland, 28th ed)

UI = D012586

 

Scientific Misconduct

MS = Intentional falsification of scientific data by presentation of fraudulent or incomplete or uncorroborated findings as scientific fact.

UI = D015871

 

Scimitar Syndrome

AN = lung abnorm named from shape of x-ray shadow; do not use /congen & do not coord with INFANT, NEWBORN, DISEASES CATALOG: do not use /in inf

MS = Anomalous venous drainage of the right lung into the inferior vena cava, with hypoplasia of the right lung. The scimitar-shaped radiographic shadow of the anomalous vein gives the syndrome its name.

UI = D012587

 

Scintillation Counting

MS = Detection and counting of scintillations produced in a fluorescent material by ionizing radiation.

UI = D012588

 

Sciuridae

AN = in addition to X refs, includes WOODCHUCKS see MARMOTA; IM; qualif permitted

MS = A family of the order Rodentia which contains 49 genera. Some of the more common genera are MARMOTA, which includes the marmot and woodchuck; Sciurus, the gray squirrel, S. carolinensis, and the fox squirrel, S. niger; Tamias, the eastern and western chipmunk; and Tamiasciurus, the red squirrel. The flying squirrels, except the scaly-tailed Anomaluridae, also belong to this family.

UI = D012589

 

Sclera

AN = the outer coat of the eyeball; inflammation = SCLERITIS; neopl = SCLERAL DISEASES (IM) + EYE NEOPLASMS (IM); blue sclera = SCLERA /abnorm

MS = The white, opaque, fibrous, outer tunic of the eyeball, covering it entirely excepting the segment covered anteriorly by the cornea. It is essentially avascular but contains apertures for vessels, lymphatics, and nerves. It receives the tendons of insertion of the extraocular muscles and at the corneoscleral junction contains the canal of Schlemm. (From Cline et al., Dictionary of Visual Science, 4th ed)

UI = D012590

 

Scleral Buckling

AN = do not use /util except by MeSH definition

MS = An operation for retinal detachment which reduces the size of the globe by indenting the sclera so that it approximates the retina.

UI = D012591

 

Scleral Diseases

AN = inflamm dis = SCLERITIS

MS = General disorders of the sclera or white of the eye. They may include anatomic, embryologic, degenerative, or pigmentation defects.

UI = D015422

 

Scleredema Adultorum

AN = induration of skin in diabetes

MS = A diffuse, non-pitting induration of the skin of unknown etiology that occurs most commonly in association with diabetes mellitus, predominantly in females. It typically begins on the face or head and spreads to other areas of the body, sometimes involving noncutaneous tissues. Often it is preceded by any of various infections, notably staphylococcal infections. The condition resolves spontaneously, usually within two years of onset. (From Dorland, 27th ed)

UI = D012592

 

Sclerema Neonatorum

AN = a skin abnorm; adipose tissue dis in preterm or debilitated inf; do not use /congen & do not coord with INFANT, NEWBORN, DISEASES CATALOG: do not use /in inf

MS = A severe, sometimes fatal, disorder of adipose tissue occurring chiefly in preterm or debilitated infants suffering from an underlying illness and manifested by a diffuse, nonpitting induration of the affected tissue. The skin becomes cold, yellowish, mottled, and inflexible.

UI = D012593

 

Scleritis

AN = inflamm of sclera; note X ref EPISCLERITIS

MS = Refers to any inflammation of the sclera including episcleritis, a benign condition affecting only the episclera, which is generally short-lived and easily treated. Classic scleritis, on the other hand, affects deeper tissue and is characterized by higher rates of visual acuity loss and even mortality, particularly in necrotizing form. Its characteristic symptom is severe and general head pain. Scleritis has also been associated with systemic collagen disease. Etiology is unknown but is thought to involve a local immune response. Treatment is difficult and includes administration of anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive agents such as corticosteroids. Inflammation of the sclera may also be secondary to inflammation of adjacent tissues, such as the conjunctiva.

UI = D015423

 

Scleroderma, Circumscribed

AN = localized hardening & thickening of the skin

MS = A chronic, localized hardening and thickening of the skin. Lesions may be categorized as morphea (guttate, profunda, pansclerotic) or linear (with or without melorheostosis or hemiatrophy). It is twice as common in women as in men. The condition is characterized by skin ischemia, lymphocytic infiltrates, swollen collagen bundles, and thickening of the dermis with reduction of subcutaneous fat.

UI = D012594

 

Scleroderma, Systemic

MS = A chronic, progressive dermatosis characterized by boardlike hardening and immobility of the affected skin, with visceral involvement, especially of lungs, esophagus, kidneys and heart. It may be accompanied by calcinosis, Raynaud's phenomenon, and telangiectasis (CREST syndrome). It includes acrosclerosis and sclerodactyly.

UI = D012595

 

Scleroplasty

AN = do not use /util except by MeSH definition

MS = Plastic surgery of the sclera. This procedure is used frequently to prevent blindness and poor vision in children with myopia.

UI = D016639

 

Scleroproteins

AN = GEN; prefer specifics; used for mapping supplementary chemicals

MS = Simple proteins characterized by their insolubility and fibrous structure. Within the body, they perform a supportive or protective function.

UI = D012596

 

Sclerosing Solutions

AN = D25-26 qualif; coord /ther use with dis /ther, not dis /drug ther; DF: SCLEROSING SOL

MS = Chemical agents injected into veins to cause localized thrombosis and eventual fibrosis and obliteration of the vessels. They are used in the treatment of varicose veins, hemorrhoids, gastric and esophageal varices, and peptic ulcer hemorrhage.

UI = D012597

 

Sclerosis

AN = NIM as pathol process with no qualif: coord with Cat A term /pathol (IM)

MS = An induration or hardening, especially hardening of a part from inflammation and in diseases of the interstitial substance. (Dorland, 27th ed)

UI = D012598

 

Sclerostomy

AN = do not use /util except by MeSH definition

MS = Surgical formation of an external opening in the sclera, primarily in the treatment of glaucoma.

UI = D012599

 

Sclerotherapy

AN = coord IM with dis /ther (IM), not /drug ther

MS = Treatment of varicose veins, hemorrhoids, gastric and esophageal varices, and peptic ulcer hemorrhage by injection or infusion of chemical agents which cause localized thrombosis and eventual fibrosis and obliteration of the vessels.

UI = D015911

 

Scoliosis

AN = a type of spinal curvature

MS = An appreciable lateral deviation in the normally straight vertical line of the spine. (Dorland, 27th ed)

UI = D012600

 

Scopolamine

AN = an alkaloid; a spasmolytic

MS = An alkaloid from Solanaceae, especially Datura metel L. and Scopola carniolica. Scopolamine and its quaternary derivatives act as antimuscarinics like atropine, but may have more central nervous system effects. Among the many uses are as an anesthetic premedication, in urinary incontinence, in motion sickness, as an antispasmodic, and as a mydriatic and cycloplegic.

UI = D012601

 

Scopolamine Derivatives

MS = Analogs or derivatives of scopolamine.

UI = D012602

 

Scopoletin

AN = a plant growth factor

MS = 7-Hydroxy-6-methoxycoumarin. Plant growth factor derived from the root of Scopolia carniolica or Scopolia japonica.

UI = D012603

 

Scorpion Venoms

AN = /antag permitted but consider also ANTIVENINS; /enzymol permitted

MS = Venoms from animals of the order Scorpionida of the class Arachnida. They contain neuro- and hemotoxins, enzymes, and various other factors that may release acetylcholine and catecholamines from nerve endings. Of the several protein toxins that have been characterized, most are immunogenic.

UI = D012604

 

Scorpions

AN = /microbiol /parasitol /virol permitted; scorpion sting: coord NIM with ARACHNIDISM (IM); several genera: Androctonus, Buthus, Centruoides, Leiurus, Nebo, Tityus

MS = Arthropods of the order Scorpiones, of which 1500 to 2000 species have been described. The most common live in tropical or subtropical areas. They are noctural and feed principally on insects and other arthropods. They are large arachnids but do not attack man spontaneously. They have a venomous sting. Their medical significance varies considerably and is dependent on their habits and venom potency rather than on their size. At most, the sting is equivalent to that of a hornet but certain species possess a highly toxic venom potentially fatal to humans. (From Dorland, 27th ed; Smith, Insects and Other Arthropods of Medical Importance, 1973, p417; Barnes, Invertebrate Zoology, 5th ed, p503)

UI = D012605

 

Scotland

UI = D012606

 

Scotoma

AN = localized area of defective vision: differentiate from physiol blind spot ( = BLIND SPOT)

MS = Localized area of defective vision surrounded by area of normal vision; occurs with variety of eye diseases such as glaucoma and optic neuritis.

UI = D012607

 

Scrapie

AN = a prion dis; usually animal: check tag ANIMAL; if in sheep, coord IM with SHEEP (NIM) but do not index under SHEEP DISEASES; if in goats, coord IM with GOAT DISEASES (IM) & GOATS (NIM)

MS = A fatal disease of the nervous system in sheep and goats, characterized by pruritus, debility, and locomotor incoordination. It is caused by proteinaceous infectious particles called PRIONS.

UI = D012608

 

Screw Worm Infection

AN = caused by Cochliomyia hominivorax ( = DIPTERA)

MS = Infection with larvae of the blow fly Cochliomyia hominivorax (Callitroga americanum), a common cause of disease in livestock in the southern and southwestern U.S.A.

UI = D012610

 

Scrotum

UI = D012611

 

Scrub Typhus

AN = caused by ORIENTIA TSUTSUGAMUSHI

MS = An acute infectious disease caused by ORIENTIA TSUTSUGAMUSHI. It is limited to eastern and southeastern Asia, India, northern Australia, and the adjacent islands. Characteristics include the formation of a primary cutaneous lesion at the site of the bite of an infected mite, fever lasting about two weeks, and a maculopapular rash.

UI = D012612

 

Sculpture

UI = D012613

 

Scurvy

MS = A condition due to deficiency of ASCORBIC ACID (vitamin C) in the diet and marked by weakness, anemia, spongy gums, a tendency to mucocutaneous hemorrhages and a brawny induration of the muscles of the calves and legs. (Dorland, 27th ed)

UI = D012614

 

Sea Anemones

AN = /microbiol /parasitol /virol permitted

MS = Numerous almost invariably solitary polyps of the order Actiniaria.

UI = D012615

 

Sea Cucumbers

AN = /microbiol /parasitol /virol permitted

MS = A class of Echinodermata characterized by long, slender bodies.

UI = D012616

 

Sea Urchins

AN = /microbiol /parasitol /virol permitted; sea urchin eggs = OVUM (IM) + SEA URCHINS (NIM) if merely test organism

MS = Somewhat flattened, globular echinoderms of the class Echinoidea, having thin, brittle shells of calcareous plates.

UI = D012617

 

Sea-Blue Histiocyte Syndrome

AN = a non-Langerhans cell histiocytosis; sea-blue refers to color of cells after staining; do not use /congen & do not coord with INFANT, NEWBORN, DISEASES CATALOG: do not use /in inf

MS = Rare disorder consisting of splenomegaly, mild purpura secondary to thrombocytopenia, and occasionally, hepatic cirrhosis associated with the appearance of numerous histiocytes in the spleen and bone marrow which stain a sea-blue color. It is sometimes considered a variant of Niemann-Pick disease.

UI = D012618

 

Seafood

AN = "marine fish & shellfish used as food"; coord IM with specific fish or shellfish (IM)

MS = Marine fish and shellfish used as food or suitable for food. (Webster, 3d ed) SHELLFISH and FISH PRODUCTS are more specific types of SEAFOOD.

UI = D017747

 

Seals

AN = IM; qualif permitted

UI = D012620

 

Seasons

AN = no qualif

UI = D012621

 

Seasonal Affective Disorder

AN = "seasonal" refers usually to winter; DF: SAD

MS = A syndrome characterized by depressions that recur annually at the same time each year, usually during the winter months. Other symptoms include anxiety, irritability, decreased energy, increased appetite (carbohydrate cravings), increased duration of sleep, and weight gain. SAD (seasonal affective disorder) can be treated by daily exposure to bright artificial lights (PHOTOTHERAPY), during the season of recurrence.

UI = D016574

 

Seat Belts

MS = Restraining belts fastened to the frame of automobiles, aircraft, or other vehicles, and strapped around the person occupying the seat in the car or plane, intended to prevent the person from being thrown forward or out of the vehicle in case of sudden deceleration.

UI = D012622

 

Seawater

UI = D012623

 

Seaweed

AN = an alga

MS = A marine alga (kelp, dulse, rockweed, sea lettuce) widely distributed in the ocean, occurring from the tide level to considerable depths, free-floating or anchored. Many are of economic importance as food, fertilizer, agar, potash, or source of iodine. (From Webster, 3d ed)

UI = D012624

 

Sebaceous Gland Diseases

AN = GEN or unspecified; prefer specifics; DF: SEBACEOUS GLAND DIS

UI = D012625

 

Sebaceous Gland Neoplasms

AN = /blood supply /chem /second /secret /ultrastruct permitted; coord IM with histol type of neopl (IM)

UI = D012626

 

Sebaceous Glands

MS = Holocrine glands of the skin, secreting an oily substance, sebum, and situated in the corium (Dorland's, 28th ed.)

UI = D012627

 

Seborrheic Dermatitis (see:Dermatitis, Seborrheic)

 

Sebum

MS = The secretion of the sebaceous glands. It is a thick, semifluid substance composed of fat and epithelial debris from the cells of the malpighian layer. (Dorland, 28th ed)

UI = D012629

 

Secernentea

AN = a subclass of nematodes; infection = SECERNENTEA INFECTIONS

MS = A subclass of nematodes characterized by numerous caudal papillae and an excretory system possessing lateral canals.

UI = D017161

 

Secernentea Infections

AN = nematode infect

MS = Infections with nematodes of the subclass SECERNENTEA.

UI = D017190

 

Secobarbital

AN = a sedative

MS = A barbiturate that is used as a sedative. Secobarbital is reported to have no anti-anxiety activity.

UI = D012631

 

Second Messenger Systems

AN = a metab concept; IM; coord with substance acting as the second messenger (IM) with /physiol or /antag as applicable; DF: SECOND MESSENGERS

MS = Systems in which an intracellular signal is generated in response to an intercellular primary messenger such as a hormone or neurotransmitter. They are intermediate signals in cellular processes such as metabolism, secretion, contraction, phototransduction, and cell growth. Examples of second messenger systems are the adenyl cyclase-cyclic AMP system, the phosphatidylinositol diphosphate-inositol triphosphate system, and the cyclic GMP system.

UI = D015290

 

 

 

Secosteroids

MS = Steroids in which fission of one or more ring structures and concomitant addition of a hydrogen atom at each terminal group has occurred.

UI = D012632

 

Secretin

AN = a neurotransmitter gastrointestinal hormone; /biosyn /physiol permitted

MS = A hormone of the duodenal mucosa that activates pancreatic secretion and lowers the blood sugar level. (USAN and the USP Dictionary of Drug Names, 1994, p597)

UI = D012633

 

Secretions, Bodily (see:Bodily Secretions)

 

Secretory Component

AN = an immunoglobulin fragment

MS = A glycoprotein found in a variety of external secretions (tears, bile, colostrum) usually complexed to secreted polymeric immunoglobulins (IgA or, less frequently IgM). It is derived, by proteolytic cleavage, from the polymeric immunoglobulin receptor (RECEPTORS, POLYMERIC IMMUNOGLOBULIN) and probably functions to protect the immunoglobulins from proteolysis in the secretions. (From Rosen et al., The Dictionary of Immunology, 1989)

UI = D012635

 

Secretory Rate

AN = NIM; restrict to secretion of endogenous substances (see MeSH definition)

MS = The amount of a substance secreted by cells or by a specific organ or organism over a given period of time; usually applies to those substances which are formed by glandular tissues and are released by them into biological fluids, e.g., secretory rate of corticosteroids by the adrenal cortex, secretory rate of gastric acid by the gastric mucosa.

UI = D012636

 

Security Measures

AN = med or non-med contexts

MS = Regulations to assure protection of property and equipment.

UI = D012637

 

Sedatives, Barbiturate

AN = GEN or unspecified; prefer specifics

MS = Those derivatives of barbituric or thiobarbituric acid that are used as hypnotics or sedatives. The structural class of all such derivatives, regardless of use, is BARBITURATES.

UI = D018731

 

Sedatives, Nonbarbiturate

AN = GEN or unspecified; prefer specifics

MS = Compounds with diverse chemical and pharmacological properties that have in common the ability to allay excitement and anxiety and at higher concentrations induce sleep.

UI = D012638

 

Seeds

AN = IM GEN or unspecified; for seed of specific plants, coord IM with plant (IM), as sunflower seeds = SEEDS (IM) + HELIANTHUS (IM); coord probably IM in genetics & space physiol, NIM in pharmacognosy, with specific plant (IM or NIM)

MS = The encapsulated embryos of flowering plants. They are used as is or for animal feed because of the high content of concentrated nutrients like starches, proteins, and fats. Rapeseed, cottonseed, and sunflower seed are also produced for the oils (fats) they yield.

UI = D012639

 

SEER Program

AN = a cancer surveillance program of Nat Cancer Inst; X ref explains acronym; IM CATALOG: use NAF entry

MS = A cancer registry mandated under the National Cancer Act of 1971 to operate and maintain a population-based cancer reporting system, reporting periodically estimates of cancer incidence and mortality in the United States. The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program is a continuing project of the National Cancer Institute of the National Institutes of Health. Among its goals, in addition to assembling and reporting cancer statistics, are the monitoring of annual cancer incident trends and the promoting of studies designed to identify factors amenable to cancer control interventions. (From a brochure of the National Cancer Institute, NIH Publication No. 91-3074, October 1990)

UI = D018426

 

Seizures

AN = unspecified seizures: note specifics; audiogenic or acoustic seizures: index under SEIZURES (IM) + ACOUSTIC STIMULATION (probably NIM); SEIZURES, FEBRILE is also available

MS = Attacks of cerebral origin consisting of sudden and transitory abnormal phenomena of a motor, sensory, autonomic or psychic nature resulting from transient dysfunction of the brain.

UI = D012640

 

Selection (Genetics)

AN = no qualif; DF: SELECTION

MS = Differential and non-random reproduction of different genotypes, operating to alter the gene frequencies within a population.

UI = D012641

 

Selection Bias

AN = IM GEN only; coord NIM with disease /epidemiol (IM) or specific non-disease term /statist; no qualif; specify geog if pertinent

MS = The introduction of error due to systematic differences in the characteristics between those selected and those not selected for a given study. In sampling bias, error is the result of failure to ensure that all members of the reference population have a known chance of selection in the sample.

UI = D015983

 

Selectins

AN = cell adhesion molecules; GEN or unspecified; prefer specifics

MS = Family of cell adhesion molecules consisting of a lectin-like domain, an epidermal growth factor-like domain, and a variable number of domains that encode proteins homologous to complement-binding proteins. Selectins mediate the binding of leukocytes to the vascular endothelium. (From Dorland, 28th ed)

UI = D019087

 

Selegiline

AN = an MAO inhib & antiparkinson agent

MS = A selective, irreversible inhibitor of Type B monoamine oxidase. It is used in newly diagnosed patients with Parkinson's disease. It may slow progression of the clinical disease and delay the requirement for levodopa therapy. It also may be given with levodopa upon onset of disability. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p385) The compound without isomeric designation is Deprenyl.

UI = D012642

 

Selenium

AN = a trace element; Se-80; /defic /physiol permitted; Se-74, 76-78, 82 = SELENIUM (IM) + ISOTOPES (NIM); Se-70-73, 75, 79, 81, 83-85 = SELENIUM RADIOISIOTOPES (IM)

MS = A nonmetallic trace element that is a member of the chalcogen family. It has the atomic symbol Se, atomic number 34, and atomic weight 78.96. It is an essential mineral, being a constituent of the enzyme glutathione peroxidase, and believed to be closely associated with vitamin E in its functions, but it occurs in toxic levels in several kinds of plants. Dietary deficiency, occurring where the soil has a low selenium content, results in cardiomyopathy. (From Dorland, 27th ed)

UI = D012643

 

Selenium Compounds

AN = inorganic; GEN or unspecified; prefer specifics; DF: SELENIUM CPDS

MS = Inorganic compounds that contain selenium as an integral part of the molecule.

UI = D018036

 

Selenium Radioisotopes

AN = Se-70-73, 75, 79, 81, 83-85; /blood-csf-urine /metab permitted but not for tracer studies ( = /diag use)

MS = Unstable isotopes of selenium that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. Se atoms with atomic weights 70-73, 75, 79, 81, and 83-85 are radioactive selenium isotopes.

UI = D012644

 

Selenocysteine

MS = 3-Selenyl-L-alanine. A naturally occurring amino acid in both eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms. It is found in tRNAs and in the catalytic site of some enzymes. The genes for glutathione peroxidase and formate dehydrogenase contain the TGA codon, which codes for this amino acid.

UI = D017279

 

Selenomethionine

AN = used in pancreatic function tests; for radiolabeled x-refs, coord IM with SELENIUM RADIOISOTOPES (NIM)

MS = 2-Amino-4-(methylseleno)butanoic acid. Diagnostic aid in pancreas function determination.

UI = D012645

 

Selenomonas

AN = infection: coord IM with GRAM-NEGATIVE BACTERIAL INFECTIONS (IM)

MS = Curved bacteria, usually crescent-shaped rods, with ends often tapered, occurring singly, in pairs, or short chains. They are non-encapsulated, non-sporing, motile, and ferment glucose. Selenomonas are found mainly in the human buccal cavity, the rumen of herbivores, and the cecum of pigs and several rodents. (From Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology, 9th ed)

UI = D020357

 

Self Administration

AN = NIM; differentiate from SELF MEDICATION & SELF CARE (see note there)

MS = Administration of a drug or chemical by the individual under the direction of a physician. It includes administration clinically or experimentally, by human or animal.

UI = D012646

 

Self Assessment (Psychology)

AN = no qualif; DF: SELF ASSESS

MS = Appraisal of one's own personal qualities or traits.

UI = D012647

 

Self Care

AN = = care prescribed by MD or generated by person himself & includes care for self, family or friends; differentiate from SELF MEDICATION (medication not prescribed by MD) and SELF ADMINISTRATION (admin of medication prescribed by MD or self admin of substances by exper animals)

MS = Performance of activities or tasks traditionally performed by professional health care providers. The concept includes care of oneself or one's family and friends.

UI = D012648

 

Self Concept

AN = do not confuse with SELF PSYCHOLOGY: see MeSH definition; no qualif

MS = A person's view of himself.

UI = D012649

 

Self Disclosure

AN = "a willingness to reveal information about oneself to others"; no qualif

MS = A willingness to reveal information about oneself to others.

UI = D012650

 

Self Efficacy

MS = Cognitive mechanism based on expectations or beliefs about one's ability to perform actions necessary to produce a given effect. It is also a theoretical component of behavior change in various therapeutic treatments. (APA, Thesaurus of Psychological Index Terms, 1994)

UI = D020377

 

Self-Examination

AN = coord IM with organ with no qualif (IM) + disease term /diag (IM) if discussed; BREAST SELF-EXAMINATION is also available; DF: SELF EXAM

MS = The inspection of one's own body, usually for signs of disease (e.g., BREAST SELF-EXAMINATION, testicular self-examination).

UI = D016353

 

Self-Injurious Behavior

AN = SELF MUTILATION is also available; DF: SELF INJ BEHAVIOR

MS = Behavior in which persons hurt or harm themselves without the motive of suicide or of sexual deviation.

UI = D016728

 

Self Medication

AN = differentiate from SELF ADMINISTRATION & SELF CARE (see note there)

MS = The self administration of medication not prescribed by a physician or in a manner not directed by a physician.

UI = D012651

 

Self Mutilation

AN = SELF-INJURIOUS BEHAVIOR is also available

MS = The act of injuring one's own body to the extent of cutting off or permanently destroying a limb or other essential part of a body.

UI = D012652

 

Self Psychology

AN = psychoanal theory; normal or pathol; do not confuse with SELF CONCEPT; no qualif; DF: SELF PSYCHOL

MS = Psychoanalytic theory focusing on interpretation of behavior in reference to self. (From APA, Thesaurus of Psychological Terms, 1994) This elaboration of the psychoanalytic concepts of narcissism and the self, was developed by Heinz Kohut, and stresses the importance of the self-awareness of excessive needs for approval and self-gratification.

UI = D019455

 

Self Stimulation

AN = human & animal

MS = Stimulation of the brain, which is self-administered. The stimulation may result in negative or positive reinforcement.

UI = D012653

 

Self Tolerance

AN = a form of immune tolerance

MS = The normal lack of the ability to produce an immunological response to autologous (self) antigens. A breakdown of self tolerance leads to autoimmune diseases. The ability to recognize the difference between self and non-self is the prime function of the immune system.

UI = D017634

 

Self-Care Units

MS = Rooms in health care facilities for patients who require a minimal level of care.

UI = D012654

 

Self-Evaluation Programs

MS = Educational programs structured in such a manner that the participating professionals, physicians, or students develop an increased awareness of their performance, usually on the basis of self-evaluation questionnaires.

UI = D012655

 

Self-Help Devices

MS = Devices, not affixed to the body, designed to help persons having musculoskeletal or neuromuscular disabilities to perform activities involving movement.

UI = D012656

 

Self-Help Groups

MS = Organizations which provide an environment encouraging social interactions through group activities or individual relationships especially for the purpose of rehabilitating or supporting patients, individuals with common health problems, or the elderly. They include therapeutic social clubs.

UI = D012657

 

Sella Turcica

AN = a fossa on the sphenoid bone where the pituitary is located

MS = A transverse depression crossing the midline on the superior surface of the body of the sphenoid bone and containing the pituitary gland. It is named "Turkish saddle" from its resemblance to the saddle used by Turks. (Dorland, 27th ed; Skinner, The Origin of Medical Terms, 2d ed, p371)

UI = D012658

 

Semantic Differential

AN = a type of psychol test: do not confuse with SEMANTICS; DF: SEMANTIC DIFFER

MS = Analysis of word concepts by the association of polar adjectives, e.g., good-bad, with the concept, father. The adjectives are usually scaled in 7 steps. The subject's placement of the concept on the adjectival scale indicates the connotative meaning of the concept.

UI = D012659

 

Semantics

AN = hist or psychol study of changes in language & meaning; do not confuse with LINGUISTICS (overall study of LANGUAGE & SPEECH) or NOMENCLATURE (names of things & etymology); no qualif

MS = The relationships between symbols and their meanings.

UI = D012660

 

Semen

AN = semen donors: coord SEMEN (IM) + INSEMINATION, ARTIFICIAL, HOMOLOGOUS (husband) (IM) or INSEMINATION, ARTIFICIAL, HETEROLOGOUS (non-husband) (IM); hemospermia: index under SEMEN (IM) + BLOOD (IM)

MS = The thick, whitish secretion of the male reproductive organs. It is composed of spermatozoa in their nutrient plasma, secretions from the prostate, seminal vesicles, and various other glands, epithelial cells, and minor constituents. (Dorland, 27th ed)

UI = D012661

 

Semen Preservation

AN = cryopreservation of semen: coord IM with CRYOPRESERVATION (IM)

MS = Methods of preserving semen.

UI = D012662

 

Semicarbazides

UI = D012663

 

Semicarbazones

UI = D012664

 

Semicircular Canals

MS = Three long canals (anterior, posterior, and lateral) of the labyrinth. They are set at right angles to each other and are situated superior and posterior to the vestibule.

UI = D012665

 

Semiconductors

AN = NIM

UI = D012666

 

Semilunar Bone

UI = D012667

 

Seminal Vesicles

MS = A saclike, glandular diverticulum on each ductus deferens in male vertebrates. It is united with the excretory duct and serves for temporary storage of semen. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

UI = D012669

 

Seminiferous Epithelium

MS = Specialized epithelium lining the seminiferous tubules containing developing and mature spermatozoa and Sertoli cells.

UI = D012670

 

Seminiferous Tubules

MS = The canals through which the testicular spermatozoa are conveyed to the rete testis.

UI = D012671

 

Seminoma

AN = /blood supply /chem /second /secret /ultrastruct permitted; coord IM with TESTICULAR NEOPLASMS (IM)

MS = A radiosensitive, malignant neoplasm of the testis, thought to be derived from primordial germ cells of the sexually undifferentiated embryonic gonad. There are three variants: classical (typical), the most common type; anaplastic; and spermatocytic. The classical seminoma is composed of fairly well differentiated sheets or cords of uniform polygonal or round cells (seminoma cells), each cell having abundant clear cytoplasm, distinct cell membranes, a centrally placed round nucleus, and one or more nucleoli. In the female, a grossly and histologically identical neoplasm, known as dysgerminoma, occurs. (Dorland, 27th ed)

UI = D018239

 

Semliki Forest Virus

AN = a species of Alphavirus; Semliki Forest is in east central Africa; infection: coord IM with ALPHAVIRUS INFECTIONS (IM)

MS = A species of ALPHAVIRUS isolated in central, eastern, and southern Africa.

UI = D012672

 

Semustine

AN = an alkylating antineoplastic

MS = 1-(2-Chloroethyl)-3-(4-methylcyclohexyl)-1-nitrosourea. 4-Methyl derivative of LOMUSTINE (CCNU). An antineoplastic agent which functions as an alkylating agent.

UI = D012673

 

Senecio

AN = poisonous to livestock

MS = A species of toxic plants of the Compositae. The poisonous compounds are alkaloids which cause cattle diseases, neoplasms, and liver damage and are used to produce cancers in experimental animals.

UI = D012674

 

Senegal

AN = a republic in western Africa

MS = A republic in western Africa, southwest of MAURITANIA and east of MALI. Its capital is Dakar. The first settlements were by the Portuguese in the 15th century and the French in the 17th century, with the coastal region becoming the object of much rivalry and conflict between the two until French possession was recognized in 1814. Senegal became independent in 1960. The nation was named for the Senegal River, its main river, which possibly derived its name from a local African word meaning navigable. (From Webster's New Geographical Dictionary, 1988, p1097 & Room, Brewer's Dictionary of Names, 1992, p493)

UI = D012675

 

Senile Plaques

AN = note category; in neurons; not restricted to Alzheimer dis

MS = Microscopic argyrophilic masses composed of fragmented axon terminals and dendrites surrounding a core of amyloid. They are seen in small amounts in the cerebral cortex of normal elderly people and in larger amounts in those with ALZHEIMER DISEASE. (Dorland, 28th ed)

UI = D019582

 

Senna

AN = a cathartic; drug only, with CASSIA the plant source; /biosyn permitted if by plant

MS = Preparations of Cassia senna L. and C. angustifolia of the Leguminosae. They contain sennosides, which are anthraquinone type cathartics and are used in many different preparations as laxatives.

UI = D012676

 

Sensation

AN = SENSATION DISORDERS is available but burning, tingling or prickling sensations go under PARESTHESIA

MS = Transduction of physical or chemical changes in the external or internal environment into nerve impulses by specialized receptors, transmission of these impulses by afferent neurons to the effectors, either directly or through the CNS.

UI = D012677

 

Sensation Disorders

AN = GEN or unspecified: prefer specifics

MS = Disorders in the physical response to external or internal stimuli to the senses.

UI = D012678

 

Sense Organs

AN = GEN: prefer specifics

UI = D012679

 

Sensitivity and Specificity

AN = see MeSH definition: not restricted to epidemiol; IM GEN only; coord NIM with specific disease or other concept (IM); no qualif; specify geog if pertinent; DF: SENSITIVITY

MS = Measures for assessing the results of diagnostic and screening tests. Sensitivity represents the proportion of truly diseased persons in a screened population who are identified as being diseased by the test. It is a measure of the probability of correctly diagnosing a condition. Specificity is the proportion of truly nondiseased persons who are so identified by the screening test. It is a measure of the probability of correctly identifying a nondiseased person. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)

UI = D012680

 

Sensitivity Training Groups

MS = A group of people who meet in an unstructured setting to learn about themselves, interpersonal relationships, and group processes and about larger social systems.

UI = D012681

 

Sensory Aids

AN = for deafness consider HEARING AIDS; for Braille coord IM with BLINDNESS (IM) + READING (IM)

UI = D012682

 

Sensory Deprivation

AN = human & animal

MS = The absence or restriction of the usual external sensory stimuli to which the individual responds.

UI = D012683

 

Sensory System Agents

AN = GEN or unspecified; prefer specific groups or specific drugs; consider also RECEPTORS, SENSORY /drug eff & SENSATION /drug eff

MS = Drugs that act on neuronal sensory receptors resulting in an increase, decrease, or modification of afferent nerve activity. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1991, p367)

UI = D018689

 

Sensory Thresholds

AN = IM GEN or unspecified; AUDITORY THRESHOLD, DIFFERENTIAL THRESHOLD, PAIN THRESHOLD, SUBLIMINAL STIMULATION & TASTE THRESHOLD are also available; coord NIM with specific sensory concept (IM), e.g., visual threshold = SENSORY THRESHOLD (NIM) + VISUAL PERCEPTION (IM)

MS = The minimum amount of stimulus energy necessary to elicit a sensory response.

UI = D012684

 

Sentinel Surveillance

AN = an epidemiol method

MS = Monitoring of rate of occurrence of specific conditions to assess the stability or change in health levels of a population. It is also the study of disease rates in a specific cohort, geographic area, population subgroup, etc. to estimate trends in larger population. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)

UI = D018571

 

Sepharose

AN = a polysaccharide

UI = D012685

 

Sepsis

AN = a type of infect; do not confuse with SEPTICEMIA; SEPSIS SYNDROME is also available

MS = The presence of pathogenic microorganisms or their toxins in tissues or in the blood. Systemic disease caused by the spread of the microorganisms via the circulating blood is commonly called SEPTICEMIA. (From Stedman, 25th ed)

UI = D018805

 

Sepsis Syndrome

AN = often leads to RESPIRATORY DISTRESS SYNDROME, ADULT: note see related

MS = A systemic response to infection, defined as hypothermia or hyperthermia, tachycardia, tachypnea, a clinically evident focus of infection or positive blood cultures, one or more end organs with either dysfunction or inadequate perfusion, cerebral dysfunction, hypoxemia, increased plasma lactate or unexplained metabolic acidosis, and oliguria. It is one of the most common causes of adult respiratory distress syndrome (RESPIRATORY DISTRESS SYNDROME, ADULT). (Segen, Dictionary of Modern Medicine, 1992) While usually related to infection, it can also be associated with noninfectious insults such as trauma, burns, pancreatitis. (JAMA 1995;273(2):155-6)

UI = D018746

 

Septal Nuclei

MS = Neural nuclei situated in the septal region of the diencephalon.

UI = D012686

 

Septicemia

AN = a type of sepsis; GEN or unspecified only: prefer BACTEREMIA, FUNGEMIA, PARASITEMIA or VIREMIA; HEMORRHAGIC BACTEREMIA, a Pasteurella infect, is also available

MS = Systemic disease associated with the presence and persistence of pathogenic microorganisms or their toxins in the blood. (Dorland, 27th ed)

UI = D012687

 

Septum Pellucidum

UI = D012688

 

Sequence Alignment

AN = sequence refers to molec seq (amino acid or base); note category; DF: SEQ ALIGNMENT

MS = The arrangement of two or more amino acid or base sequences from an organism or organisms in such a way as to align areas of the sequences sharing common properties. The degree of relatedness or homology between the sequences is predicted computationally or statistically based on weights assigned to the elements aligned between the sequences. This in turn can serve as a potential indicator of the genetic relatedness between the organisms.

UI = D016415

 

Sequence Analysis

AN = a genet technique; GEN or unspecified; prefer specifics; DF: SEQ ANAL

MS = A multistage process that includes the determination of a sequence (protein, carbohydrate, etc.), its fragmentation and analysis, and the interpretation of the resulting sequence information. This information is useful in that it: 1) reveals the similarities of homologous genes, thereby providing insight into the possible regulation and functions of these genes; and 2) leads to a better understanding of disease states related to genetic variation. New sequencing methodologies, fully automated instrumentation, and improvements in sequencing-related computational resources contribute to the potential for genome-size sequencing projects.

UI = D017421

 

Sequence Analysis, DNA

AN = DF: SEQ ANAL DNA

MS = A multistage process that includes DNA cloning, physical mapping, subcloning, sequencing, and information analysis. New technological advances have led to the automation of certain steps in this process and contribute to the potential for large-scale DNA sequencing efforts.

UI = D017422

 

Sequence Analysis, RNA

AN = DF: SEQ ANAL RNA

MS = A multistage process that includes RNA cloning, physical mapping, subcloning, sequencing, and information analysis.

UI = D017423

 

Sequence Deletion

AN = coord IM with BASE SEQUENCE or AMINO ACID SEQUENCE (IM); DF: SEQ DELETION

MS = Deletion of sequences of bases or amino acids from the genetic material of an individual. Evidence for these deletions may be obtained by cytological methods.

UI = D017384

 

Sequence Homology

AN = "degree of similarity between molec seq"; GEN or unspecified; prefer specifics; no qualif; DF: SEQ HOMOL

MS = The degree of similarity between sequences. Studies of amino acid and nucleotide sequences provide useful information about the genetic relatedness of certain species.

UI = D017385

 

Sequence Homology, Amino Acid

AN = no qualif; DF: SEQ HOMOL AA

MS = The degree of similarity between sequences of amino acids. This information is useful for the understanding of genetic relatedness of certain species.

UI = D017386

 

Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid

AN = coord IM with specific nucleic acid (IM); no qualif; DF: SEQ HOMOL NUCLEIC ACID

MS = The sequential correspondence of nucleotide triplets in a nucleic acid molecule which permits nucleic acid hybridization. Sequence homology is important in the study of mechanisms of oncogenesis and also as an indication of the evolutionary relatedness of different organisms. The concept includes viral homology.

UI = D012689

 

Sequence Tagged Sites

AN = short DNA sequences used in genome mapping; no qualif; DF: SEQ TAGGED SITES

MS = Short, tagged tracts of DNA sequence that are used as landmarks in genome mapping. In most instances, 200 to 500 base pairs of sequence define a Sequence Tagged Site (STS) that is operationally unique in the human genome (i.e., can be specifically detected by the polymerase chain reaction in the presence of all other genomic sequences). The overwhelming advantage of STSs over mapping landmarks defined in other ways is that the means of testing for the presence of a particular STS can be completely described as information in a database.

UI = D016324

 

Sequiviridae

AN = a family of plant viruses

MS = A family of monopartite RNA plant viruses resembling picornaviruses and containing two genera: SEQUIVIRUS and WAIKAVIRUS. Transmission is by aphids or leafhoppers and requires a helper protein.

UI = D019191

 

Sequivirus

AN = a genus of plant viruses; coord IM with specific plant /virol (IM or NIM)

MS = A genus of plant viruses in the family SEQUIVIRIDAE. Transmission is by aphids but depends on the presence of a helper protein encoded by the Anthriscus yellow virus, a WAIKAVIRUS. The type species is parsnip yellow fleck virus (parsnip serotype).

UI = D019192

 

Serial Extraction

AN = an orthodontic proced of sequentially extracting selected teeth over a period of years: do not confuse with TOOTH EXTRACTION; do not use /util except by MeSH definition

MS = The selective extraction of deciduous teeth during the stage of mixed dentition in accordance with the shedding and eruption of the teeth. It is done over an extended period to allow autonomous adjustment to relieve crowding of the dental arches during the eruption of the lateral incisors, canines, and premolars, eventually involving the extraction of the first premolar teeth. (Dorland, 28th ed)

UI = D012690

 

Serial Learning

MS = Learning to make a series of responses in exact order.

UI = D012691

 

Serial Passage

AN = restrict to in vivo or in vitro passage of infectious organisms or develop of vaccines: do not use for passage of cultured cells, cell lines, etc.; NIM; coord with organism or vaccine (IM)

MS = Inoculation of a series of animals or in vitro tissue with an infectious bacterium or virus, as in VIRULENCE studies and the development of vaccines.

UI = D012692

 

Serial Publications

AN = GEN or unspecified; prefer specifics; IM; coord with subject of the publication (IM)

MS = Publications in any medium issued in successive parts bearing numerical or chronological designations and intended to be continued indefinitely. (ALA Glossary of Library and Information Science, 1983, p203)

UI = D012693

 

Serine

AN = an amino acid

MS = L-Serine. A nonessential amino acid occurring in natural form as the L-isomer.

UI = D012694

 

L-Serine Dehydratase

AN = specific for L-serine

MS = An enzyme of the lyase class that catalyzes the dehydration and deamination of L-serine to form pyruvate. (Dorland, 28th ed) EC 4.2.1.13.

UI = D012695

 

Serine Proteinase Inhibitors

AN = /biosyn /physiol permitted only with endogenous serine proteinase inhib; DF: SERINE PROTEINASE INHIB

MS = Exogenous or endogenous compounds which inhibit serine proteinases.

UI = D015842

 

Serine Proteinases

MS = Peptide hydrolases which have an active center histidine and serine involved in the catalytic process. This group of enzymes is inactivated by organic fluorophosphates such as diisopropylphosphofluoridate (DIPF). EC 3.4.21.

UI = D012697

 

Sermons [Publication Type]

AN = publication type only; do not confuse with Publication Type FUNERAL SERMONS which is restricted to funeral ceremonies

MS = Discourses for the purpose of religious instruction or exhortation, especially one based on a text of Scripture and delivered by a member of the clergy, as part of a religious service. (Random House Unabridged Dictionary, 2d ed)

UI = D019523

 

Sermorelin

AN = a somatotropin-releasing hormone

MS = Human growth hormone-releasing factor(1-29)amide. The biologically active fragment of SOMATOTROPIN-RELEASING HORMONE. It is used to stimulate growth in children with a growth hormone deficiency or insufficiency.

UI = D017337

 

Seroepidemiologic Studies

AN = IM GEN only; coord NIM with specific disease (IM); no qualif; specify geog if pertinent; DF: SEROEPIDEMIOL METHODS

MS = Epidemiologic studies based on the detection through serological testing of characteristic change in the serum level of specific antibodies. Latent subclinical infections and carrier states can thus be detected in addition to clinically overt cases.

UI = D016036

 

Serologic Tests

AN = GEN or unspecified; prefer specifics; NIM; Manual 26.9-26.9.2; restrict to determ of immune cpds (e.g., antibodies) in serum: do not confuse with SEROLOGY, the specialty; DF: SERODIAG

MS = Diagnostic procedures involving immunoglobulin reactions.

UI = D012698

 

Serology

AN = field of immunology dealing with in vitro antigen-antibody reactions; SPEC: SPEC qualif; do not confuse with SEROLOGIC TESTS; DF: SEROL

MS = The study of serum, especially of antigen-antibody reactions in vitro.

UI = D012699

 

Serositis

AN = inflamm of a serous membrane

MS = Inflammation of a serous membrane.

UI = D012700

 

Serotonin

AN = /antag = SEROTONIN ANTAGONISTS but consider also SEROTONIN UPTAKE INHIBITORS

MS = A biochemical messenger and regulator, synthesized from the essential amino acid L-TRYPTOPHAN. In humans it is found primarily in the central nervous system, gastrointestinal tract, and blood platelets. Serotonin mediates several important physiological functions including neurotransmission, gastrointestinal motility, hemostasis, and cardiovascular integrity. Multiple receptor families (RECEPTORS, SEROTONIN) explain the broad physiological actions and distribution of this biochemical mediator.

UI = D012701

 

Serotonin Agents

AN = GEN or unspecified; prefer specific groups or specific drugs

MS = Drugs used for their effects on serotonergic systems. Among these are drugs that affect serotonin receptors, the life cycle of serotonin, and the survival of serotonergic neurons.

UI = D018490

 

Serotonin Agonists

AN = GEN or unspecified; prefer specifics; do not confuse with SEROTONIN ANTAGONISTS; DF: SEROTONIN AGON or SEROTONIN AG

MS = Agents that have an affinity for serotonin receptors and are able to mimic the effects of serotonin by stimulating the physiologic activity at the cell receptors. These compounds are used as antidepressants, anxiolytics, and in the treatment of migraine.

UI = D017366

 

Serotonin Antagonists

AN = GEN or unspecified; prefer specifics; differentiate from SEROTONIN UPTAKE INHIBITORS: read MeSH definition; do not confuse with SEROTONIN AGONISTS; DF: SEROTONIN ANTAG

MS = Drugs that bind to but do not activate serotonin receptors, thereby blocking the actions of serotonin or serotonin agonists.

UI = D012702

 

Serotonin Syndrome

MS = An adverse drug interaction characterized by altered mental status, autonomic dysfunction, and neuromuscular abnormalities. It is most frequently caused by use of both serotonin reuptake inhibitors and monoamine oxidase inhibitors, leading to excess serotonin availability in the CNS at the serotonin 1A receptor.

UI = D020230

 

Serotonin Uptake Inhibitors

AN = GEN or unspecified; prefer specifics; do not confuse with SEROTONIN ANTAGONISTS; DF: SEROTONIN UPTAKE INHIB

MS = Compounds that specifically inhibit the reuptake of serotonin in the brain. This increases the serotonin concentration in the synaptic cleft which then activates serotonin receptors to a greater extent. These agents have been used in treatment of depression, panic disorder, obsessive-compulsive behavior, and alcoholism, as analgesics, and to treat obesity and bulimia. Many of the ADRENERGIC UPTAKE INHIBITORS also inhibit serotonin uptake; they are not included here.

UI = D017367

 

Serotyping

AN = restrict to classification of micro-organisms: do not use for blood typing ( = BLOOD GROUPING AND CROSSMATCHING); NIM; coord with organism /class, not /immunol

UI = D012703

 

Serous Membrane

AN = GEN: prefer specific membrane; inflammation = SEROSITIS

UI = D012704

 

Serpins

AN = "a family of SERine Proteinase INhibitors", thus the source of the name

MS = A family of serine proteinase inhibitors which are similar in amino acid sequence and mechanism of inhibition, but differ in their specificity toward proteolytic enzymes. This family includes alpha 1-antitrypsin, angiotensinogen, ovalbumin, antiplasmin, alpha 1-antichymotrypsin, thyroxine-binding protein, complement 1 inactivators, antithrombin III, heparin cofactor II, plasminogen inactivators, gene Y protein, placental plasminogen activator inhibitor, and barley Z protein. Some members of the serpin family may be substrates rather than inhibitors of serine proteinases, and some serpins occur in plants where their function is not known.

UI = D015843

 

Serpulina

AN = a genus of the family SPIROCHAETACEAE; infection: coord IM with SPIROCHAETALES INFECTIONS (IM)

MS = A genus of spiral bacteria of the family SPIROCHAETACEAE. This genus contains two species, SERPULINA HYODYSENTERIAE and Serpulina innocens, which were formerly classified as Treponema hyodysenteriae and Treponema innocens, respectively. When researchers determined that T. hyodysenteriae and T. innocens did not belong to the genus Treponema, the new genus was named Serpula. Within a short time, however, it was discovered that Serpula was already the name of a fungal genus and thus, Serpula was changed to Serpulina.

UI = D017400

 

Serpulina hyodysenteriae

AN = formerly classified as a Treponema; infection: coord IM with SPIROCHAETALES INFECTIONS (IM)

MS = A species of anaerobic, spiral bacteria that was formerly classified as Treponema hyodysenteriae (and for a short while, Serpula hyodysenteriae). This organism is the agent of swine dysentery.

UI = D017401

 

Serratia

AN = in water, soil, food; infection = SERRATIA INFECTIONS

MS = A genus of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria that occurs in the natural environment (soil, water, and plant surfaces) or as an opportunistic human pathogen.

UI = D012705

 

Serratia Infections

AN = gram-neg bact infect

MS = Infections with bacteria of the genus SERRATIA.

UI = D016868

 

Serratia marcescens

AN = in water, soil, dairy products, insects; do not use /blood-csf-urine; opportunistic; infection: coord IM with SERRATIA INFECTIONS (IM)

MS = A species of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria found in soil, water, food, and clinical specimens. It is a prominent opportunistic pathogen for hospitalized patients.

UI = D012706

 

Sertoli Cell Tumor

AN = /blood supply /chem /second /secret /ultrastruct permitted; coord IM with TESTICULAR NEOPLASMS (IM) in male or OVARIAN NEOPLASMS (IM) if in female

MS = A rare benign tumor of the testis that histologically resembles the fetal testis. There are three varieties: diffuse stromal, mixed (stromal and epithelial), and tubular (epithelial). Sertoli cells in the epithelial elements may produce estrogen and cause feminization. (Dorland, 27th ed)

UI = D012707

 

Sertoli Cells

AN = in the testis; A 11 qualif

MS = Elongated cells in the tubules of the testis to which the spermatids become attached. They provide support, protection, and, apparently, nutrition until the spermatids become transformed into mature spermatozoa. (Dorland, 27th ed)

UI = D012708

 

Sertoli-Leydig Cell Tumor

AN = /blood supply /chem /secret /ultrastruct permitted; coord IM with OVARIAN NEOPLASMS (IM)

MS = An ovarian tumor usually of low-grade malignancy occurring most frequently in the third and fourth decades, with 75% seen in women under 40. It is rare, representing less than .02% of ovarian cancers. The tumor typically produces androgens with virilization being noted in 70-85% of the patients. (Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, p1684)

UI = D018310

 

Sertraline

MS = A selective serotonin uptake inhibitor that is used in the treatment of depression.

UI = D020280

 

Serum Albumin

MS = A major plasma protein that serves in maintaining the plasma colloidal osmotic pressure and transporting large organic anions.

UI = D012709

 

Serum Albumin, Bovine

AN = serum albumin from cows used often in research

MS = Serum albumin from cows, commonly used in in vitro biological studies. (From Stedman, 25th ed)

UI = D012710

 

Serum Albumin, Radio-Iodinated

AN = DF: RISA

MS = Normal human serum albumin mildly iodinated with radioactive iodine (131-I) which has a half-life of 8 days, and emits beta and gamma rays. It is used as a diagnostic aid in blood volume determination. (from Merck Index, 11th ed)

UI = D012711

 

Serum Bactericidal Test

AN = a test of bactericidal eff of antibiotics by using patient's serum: do not confuse with BLOOD BACTERICIDAL ACTIVITY, the natural bactericidal property of blood (Cat G); MIC (Minimum Inhibitory Concentration) goes here if with regard to blood levels of drug or under MICROBIAL SENSITIVITY TESTS if on eff of drug on microorganism; DF: SBT

MS = Method of measuring the bactericidal activity contained in a patient's serum as a result of antimicrobial therapy. It is used to monitor the therapy in bacterial endocarditis, osteomyelitis and other serious bacterial infections. As commonly performed, the test is a variation of the broth dilution test.

UI = D015610

 

Serum Globulins

AN = blood proteins; GEN or unspecified; prefer specific

MS = All blood proteins except albumin ( = SERUM ALBUMIN, which is not a globulin) and FIBRINOGEN (which is not in the serum). The serum globulins are subdivided into ALPHA-GLOBULINS, BETA-GLOBULINS, and GAMMA-GLOBULINS on the basis of their electrophoretic mobilities. (From Dorland, 28th ed)

UI = D012712

 

Serum Sickness

AN = an immune complex dis

MS = Immune complex disease caused by the administration of foreign serum or serum proteins and characterized by fever, lymphadenopathy, arthralgia, and urticaria. When they are complexed to protein carriers, some drugs can also cause serum sickness when they act as haptens inducing antibody responses.

UI = D012713

 

Serine-tRNA Ligase

MS = An enzyme that activates serine with its specific transfer RNA. EC 6.1.1.11.

UI = D012714

 

Sesame Oil

AN = an unsaturated fat

MS = The refined fixed oil obtained from the seed of one or more cultivated varieties of Sesamum indicum. It is used as a solvent and oleaginous vehicle for drugs and has been used internally as a laxative and externally as a skin softener. It is used also in the manufacture of margarine, soap, and cosmetics. (Dorland, 28th ed & Random House Unabridged Dictionary, 2d ed)

UI = D012715

 

Sesamoid Bones

UI = D012716

 

Sesquiterpenes

UI = D012717

 

Set (Psychology)

AN = no qualif; DF: SET

MS = Readiness to think or respond in a predetermined way when confronted with a problem or stimulus situation.

UI = D012718

 

Setaria

AN = infection = SETARIASIS; coord with specific helminth term (ANTIGENS, HELMINTH, etc) if pertinent; /drug eff: consider FILARICIDES

MS = A genus of parasitic nematodes found in the peritoneal cavity of wild or domestic cattle or equines.

UI = D017182

 

Setariasis

AN = /drug ther: consider FILARICIDES

MS = Infection with nematodes of the genus SETARIA. This condition is usually seen in cattle and equines and is of little pathogenic significance, although migration of the worm to the eye may lead to blindness.

UI = D012719

 

Severe Combined Immunodeficiency

AN = immunol defic in newborn inf; do not use /congen & do not coord with INFANT, NEWBORN, DISEASES; DF: note short X ref CATALOG: do not use /in inf

MS = Group of rare congenital disorders characterized by impairment of both humoral and cell-mediated immunity, leukopenia, and low or absent antibody levels. It is inherited as an X-linked or autosomal recessive defect. About half of the patients with autosomal recessive SCID are deficient in the enzyme adenosine deaminase.

UI = D016511

 

Severity of Illness Index

AN = no qualif; TRAUMA SEVERITY INDICES is also available but do not confuse with TRIAGE, emerg selection of patients by priority of need

MS = Levels of severity of illness within a diagnostic group which are established by various measurement criteria.

UI = D012720

 

Sewage

AN = X ref SLUDGE: usually mudlike ooze in sewage but non-sewage sludge is indexed under other specific waste term

MS = Refuse liquid or waste matter carried off by sewers. (Webster, 3d ed)

UI = D012722

 

Sex

AN = IM; no qualif; X ref SEX PREFERENCE is restricted to desired or preferred sexual composition of a family (e.g., a mother wants a girl rather than a boy); differentiate from SEX FACTORS, largely statist in concept, (NIM); sex therapy: coord PSYCHOTHERAPY (IM) + SEX DISORDERS /ther or PSYCHOSEXUAL DYSFUNCTIONS /ther or their indentions /ther (IM)

MS = The totality of characteristics of structures and functions differentiating the male from the female organism. SEX includes sexology, the study of the differences and interactions between the sexes. It does not include various sexual factors in epidemiology and statistics or the role of the sexes or differences in behavior, psychology, and sociology.

UI = D012723

 

Sexual and Gender Disorders

AN = GEN: avoid, prefer specifics; DF: SEX GENDER DIS

MS = Mental disorders related to sexual dysfunction, paraphillias, and gender identity disorders.

UI = D019968

 

Sex Attractants

AN = human & animal pheromones; for opposite sex of same species

MS = Pheromones that elicit sexual attraction or mating behavior usually in members of the opposite sex in the same species.

UI = D012724

 

Sex Behavior

AN = human only: SEX BEHAVIOR, ANIMAL is available; do not confuse X ref SEXUAL ORIENTATION with GENDER IDENTITY (see note there) nor with SEX PREFERENCE see SEX (see note there) CATALOG: /geog /form

MS = Sexual activities of humans.

UI = D012725

 

Sex Behavior, Animal

MS = Sexual activities of animals.

UI = D012726

 

Sex Characteristics

AN = no qualif; for anat or physiol differences between male & female; differentiate from SEX DETERMINATION (GENETICS) (factors determining male or female), SEX DIFFERENTIATION (for differentiation of male from female during embryogenesis), SEX DISTRIBUTION (for usually statistical psychol, social, etc., differences between men & women), SEX FACTORS (for usually sex as an etiol or physiol factor)

MS = Those characteristics that distinguish one sex from the other. The primary sex characteristics are the ovaries and testes and their related hormones. Secondary sex characteristics are those which are masculine or feminine but not directly related to reproduction.

UI = D012727

 

Sex Chromatin

AN = A 11 qualif except /cytol; /genet /isol permitted

MS = A condensed mass of chromatin representing an inactivated X chromosome. Each X CHROMOSOME in excess of one forms a sex chromatin body in the mammalian nucleus. (King & Stansfield, A Dictionary of Genetics, 4th ed)

UI = D012728

 

Sex Chromosome Abnormalities

AN = GEN or unspecified: prefer specifics; IM coord with specific dis (IM) + specific sex chromosome (IM): see also note on SEX CHROMOSOMES; do not use /congen & do not coord with INFANT, NEWBORN, DISEASES CATALOG: do not use /in inf

UI = D012729

 

Sex Chromosomes

AN = X chromosome /abnorm = SEX CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITIES (IM) + X CHROMOSOME (IM); Y chromosome /abnorm = SEX CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITIES (IM) + Y CHROMOSOME (IM); A 11 qualif except /cytol /transpl; /genet permitted

MS = The homologous chromosomes that are dissimilar in the heterogametic sex. There are the X CHROMOSOME, the Y CHROMOSOME, and the W, Z chromosomes (in animals in which the female is the heterogametic sex (the silkworm moth Bombyx mori, for example). In such cases the W chromosome is the female-determining and the male is ZZ. (From King & Stansfield, A Dictionary of Genetics, 4th ed)

UI = D012730

 

Sex Cord-Stromal Tumor

AN = /blood supply /chem /second /secret /ultrastruct permitted; coord IM with TESTICULAR NEOPLASMS (IM) in male or OVARIAN NEOPLASMS (IM) if in female

MS = A malignant neoplasm of the ovary or testis. These tumors differentiate toward sex cords (in embryonic gonads) in the form of female (i.e., granulosa and theca) cells, male (i.e., Sertoli and Leydig) cells, or indifferent elements. In the ovary, sex cord-stromal tumors comprise 5% of all ovarian neoplasms. In the testes, Leydig and Sertoli cell tumors comprise about 5% of all testicular neoplasms, 10% of which behave in a malignant fashion. (From Segen, Dictionary of Modern Medicine, 1992)

UI = D018312

 

Sex Counseling

MS = Advice and support given to individuals to help them understand and resolve their sexual adjustment problems. It excludes treatment for PSYCHOSEXUAL DISORDERS or PSYCHOSEXUAL DYSFUNCTION.

UI = D012731

 

Sex Determination (Analysis)

AN = validation of sex by exam of gonads or genet tests; do not confuse with SEX DETERMINATION (GENETICS) which is establishment of sex at fertilization; DF: SEX DETERMINATION ANAL

MS = Validation of the sex of an individual by inspection of the gonads and/or by genetic tests.

UI = D012732

 

Sex Determination (Genetics)

AN = sex genotype is fixed at fertilization; do not confuse with SEX DETERMINATION (ANALYSIS) which is validation of sex by exam of gonads or genet tests; DF: SEX DETERMINATION GENET

MS = Process in a given organism, by which the sex genotype is fixed. In humans, sex is established at the time of fertilization by the presence or absence of the Y chromosome. (From Dorland, 28th ed)

UI = D019849

 

Sex Differentiation

AN = differentiation during embryogenesis; do not confuse with related sex concepts: see note under SEX CHARACTERISTICS; DF: SEX DIFFER

MS = Differentiation of male and female tissues and organs during embryogenesis, but after sex determination (SEX DETERMINATION (GENETIC)).

UI = D012733

 

Sex Differentiation Disorders

AN = organic in nature: differentiate from SEX DISORDERS (related to coitus); do not use /congen & do not coord with INFANT, NEWBORN, DISEASES; DF: SEX DIFFER DIS CATALOG: do not use /in inf

MS = Disorders in the differentiation process of gonadal tissues and organs during embryogenesis.

UI = D012734

 

Sex Disorders

AN = related to coitus: differentiate from SEX DIFFERENTIATION DISORDERS (gonadal)

MS = Physiological disturbances in normal sexual performance.

UI = D012735

 

Sex Distribution

AN = NIM; no qualif; human & animal; a statist concept: do not confuse with SEX FACTORS, more related to cause & effect; age-sex distribution: coord (NIM) with AGE DISTRIBUTION (NIM)

MS = The number of males and females in a given population. The distribution may refer to how many men or women or what proportion of either in the group. The population is usually patients with a specific disease but the concept is not restricted to humans and is not restricted to medicine.

UI = D017678

 

Sexual Dysfunctions, Psychological

MS = Disturbances in sexual desire and the psychophysiologic changes that characterize the sexual response cycle and cause marked distress and interpersonal difficulty. (APA, DSM-IV, 1994)

UI = D020018

 

Sex Education

AN = IM CATALOG: /geog /form; do not use /pop wks

MS = Education which increases the knowledge of the functional, structural, and behavioral aspects of human reproduction.

UI = D012736

 

Sex Factors

AN = NIM; no qualif; human & animal; related to cause & effect: do not confuse with SEX DISTRIBUTION which is largely statistical; see also note under SEX CHARACTERISTICS; Manual 35.6+; relation to MALE, FEMALE: Manual 18.9.5

MS = Maleness or femaleness as a constituent element or influence contributing to the production of a result. It may be applicable to the cause or effect of a circumstance. It is used with human or animal concepts but should be differentiated from SEX CHARACTERISTICS, anatomical or physiological manifestations of sex, and from SEX DISTRIBUTION, the number of males and females in given circumstances.

UI = D012737

 

Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin

AN = does not refer to all sex hormones: refers to a specific protein in the blood binding only testosterone or estradiol; for other sex hormone-binding globulins consider ANDROGEN-BINDING PROTEINS & PROGESTERONE-BINDING GLOBULIN; /biosyn /physiol permitted; DF: SHBG

MS = A glycoprotein migrating as a beta-globulin. Its molecular weight, 52,000 or 95,000-115,000, indicates that it exists as a dimer. The protein binds testosterone, dihydrotestosterone, and estradiol in the plasma. Changes in its concentration significantly affect the ratio of unbound (biologically active) testosterone to estradiol in plasma.

UI = D012738

 

Sex Hormones

AN = GEN or unspecified; prefer specific groups or specific hormone; /biosyn /physiol permitted

MS = Hormones having estrogenic (female sex hormones) or androgenic (male sex hormones) activity. (Dorland, 28th ed)

UI = D012739

 

Sex Manuals

AN = no qualif CATALOG: do not use /pop wks

MS = Books used for sex education and procedural instruction.

UI = D012740

 

Sex Maturation

AN = human & animal

MS = Achievement of full sexual capacity. Applies to animals and humans.

UI = D012741

 

Sex Offenses

MS = Any violation of established legal or moral codes in respect to sexual behavior.

UI = D012742

 

Sex Preselection

AN = do not confuse with SEX DETERMINATION (ANALYSIS): determ is what the gene decides; preselection is the method to control the genetic sex

MS = Methods for control of genetic sex of offspring.

UI = D012743

 

Sex Ratio

AN = no qualif

MS = The number of males per 100 females.

UI = D012744

 

Sex Reversal, Gonadal

AN = no qualif

MS = Change from one sex to another with regard to gonadal development; may be induced or occurs naturally in some invertebrates.

UI = D012745

 

Sexual Abstinence

AN = no qualif

MS = Refraining from sexual intercourse.

UI = D012746

 

Sexual Harassment

AN = man or woman as aggressor or victim; non-sexual harassment (bullying, repeated mischievous or deleterious behavior, etc.) is HARASSMENT, NONSEXUAL see SOCIAL BEHAVIOR

MS = A form of discrimination in the workplace which violates the Civil Rights Act of 1964. Sexual harassment takes two forms: quid pro quo, where the employee must submit to sexual advances in exchange for job benefits or be penalized for refusing; or a hostile environment, where the atmosphere of the workplace is offensive and affects the employee's well-being. Offensive sexual conduct may include unwelcome advances, comments, touching, questions about marital status and sex practices, etc. Both men and women may be aggressors or victims. (Slee and Slee, Health Care Terms, 2d ed, p.404). While civil rights legislation deals with sexual harassment in the workplace, the behavior is not restricted to this; it may take place outside the work environment: in schools and colleges, athletics, and other social milieus and activities.

UI = D017406

 

Sexual Partners

MS = Married or single individuals who share sexual relations.

UI = D012747

 

Sexuality

AN = human only; refers to sexual attitudes or sexual activity

MS = The constitution of an individual in relation to sexual attitudes or activity. (From Dorland, 28th ed)

UI = D019529

 

Sexually Transmitted Diseases

AN = GEN or unspecified; prefer specifics; SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES, BACTERIAL & SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES, VIRAL are also available; not all genital diseases are venereal or sexually transm & not all sexually transm diseases are genital; contact tracing: index under CONTACT TRACING (IM) + SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES /epidemiol or /transm (IM); DF: SEX TRANSM DIS CATALOG: form qualif permitted

MS = Diseases due to or propagated by sexual contact.

UI = D012749

 

Sexually Transmitted Diseases, Bacterial

AN = GEN: prefer specifics; DF: SEX TRANSM DIS BACT

MS = Bacterial diseases transmitted or propagated by sexual conduct.

UI = D015231

 

Sexually Transmitted Diseases, Viral

AN = GEN: prefer specifics; DF: SEX TRANSM DIS VIRAL

MS = Viral diseases which are transmitted or propagated by sexual conduct.

UI = D015229

 

Seychelles

AN = a group of Indian Ocean Islands east of Tanzania

MS = A group of Indian Ocean Islands, east of Tanzania. Their capital is Victoria. They were first claimed by the French in 1744 but taken by the English in 1794 and made a dependency of MAURITIUS in 1810. They became a crown colony in 1903 and a republic within the Commonwealth in 1976. They were named for the French finance minister, Jean Moreau de Sechelles, but respelled by the English in 1794. (From Webster's New Geographical Dictionary, 1988, p1102 & Room, Brewer's Dictionary of Names, 1992, p496)

UI = D012750

 

Sezary Syndrome

AN = a form of T-cell lymphoma of the skin; coord IM with SKIN NEOPLASMS (IM); spell in titles & translations with accent: Sâezary

MS = A form of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma manifested by generalized exfoliative erythroderma, intense pruritus, peripheral lymphadenopathy, and abnormal hyperchromatic mononuclear cells in the skin, lymph nodes, and peripheral blood (Sezary cells). (Dorland, 27th ed)

UI = D012751

 

Shadowing (Histology)

AN = a visualization method used in electron microscopy; DF: SHADOWING

MS = The technique of spraying a tissue specimen with a thin coat of a heavy metal such as platinum. The specimen is sprayed from an oblique angle, which results in the uneven deposition of the coating. The varying thicknesses create a shadow effect and give a three-dimensional appearance to the specimen.

UI = D016626

 

Shamanism

AN = a form of traditional medicine; specify geog; not for African witch doctors: use instead MEDICINE, AFRICAN TRADITIONAL

MS = An intermediate stage between polytheism and monotheism, which assumes a "Great Spirit", with lesser deities subordinated. With the beginnings of shamanism there was the advent of the medicine man or witch doctor, who assumed a supervisory relation to disease and its cure. Formally, shamanism is a religion of Ural-Altaic peoples of Northern Asia and Europe, characterized by the belief that the unseen world of gods, demons, ancestral spirits is responsive only to shamans. The Indians of North and South America entertain religious practices similar to the Ural-Altaic shamanism. The word shaman comes from the Tungusic (Manchuria and Siberia) saman, meaning Buddhist monk. The shaman handles disease almost entirely by psychotherapeutic means; he frightens away the demons of disease by assuming a terrifying mien. (From Garrison, An Introduction to the History of Medicine, 4th ed, p22; from Webster, 3d ed)

UI = D019423

 

Shame

AN = no qualif

MS = An emotional attitude excited by realization of a shortcoming or impropriety.

UI = D012752

 

Shared Paranoid Disorder

AN = spell FOLIE A DEUX as folie áa deux (with accent) in translations

MS = A condition in which two closely related persons, usually in the same family, share the same delusions.

UI = D012753

 

Sharks

AN = elasmobranch fish; IM; qualif permitted; DOGFISH is also available

MS = A group of elongate elasmobranchs. Sharks are mostly marine fish, with certain species large and voracious.

UI = D012754

 

Sheep

AN = IM; qualif permitted

UI = D012756

 

Sheep Diseases

AN = IM GEN or unspecified; coord IM with specific dis /vet (IM) or specific sheep dis (IM); for abnormalities or injuries, index under SHEEP /abnorm or SHEEP /inj; don't forget also SHEEP (NIM) & check tag ANIMAL; DF: SHEEP DIS

MS = Diseases of domestic and mountain sheep of the genus Ovis.

UI = D012757

 

Shellfish

AN = as food; shellfish as animal = CRUSTACEA or MOLLUSCA; GEN or unspecified; as food, coord IM with specific shellfish (IM)

MS = Aquatic invertebrates belonging to the crustacean or mollusk families and used as food.

UI = D012758

 

Sheltered Workshops

AN = do not confuse with EMPLOYMENT, SUPPORTED which takes place in normal or regular work setting: a sheltered workshop is work in a controlled working environment

MS = Protective places of employment for disabled persons which provide training and employment on a temporary or permanent basis.

UI = D012759

 

Shigella

AN = GEN; prefer specifics; infection = DYSENTERY, BACILLARY & specify species if pertinent (IM)

MS = A genus of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria that ferments sugar without gas production. Its organisms are intestinal pathogens of man and other primates and cause bacillary dysentery (DYSENTERY, BACILLARY).

UI = D012760

 

Shigella boydii

AN = infection: coord IM with DYSENTERY, BACILLARY (IM)

MS = One of the SHIGELLA species that produces bacillary dysentery (DYSENTERY, BACILLARY).

UI = D012761

 

Shigella dysenteriae

AN = infection: coord IM with DYSENTERY, BACILLARY (IM)

MS = A species of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria that is extremely pathogenic and causes severe dysentery. Infection with this organism often leads to ulceration of the intestinal epithelium.

UI = D012762

 

Shigella flexneri

AN = infection: coord IM with DYSENTERY, BACILLARY (IM)

MS = A bacterium which is one of the etiologic agents of bacillary dysentery (DYSENTERY, BACILLARY) and sometimes of infantile gastroenteritis.

UI = D012763

 

Shigella sonnei

AN = infection: coord IM with DYSENTERY, BACILLARY (IM)

MS = A lactose-fermenting bacterium causing dysentery.

UI = D012764

 

Shikimic Acid

UI = D012765

 

Ships

AN = sailors goes here if non-med; if med index under NAVAL MEDICINE but see note there CATALOG: /geog /form

MS = Large vessels propelled by power or sail used for transportation on rivers, seas, oceans, or other navigable waters. Boats are smaller vessels propelled by oars, paddles, sail, or power; they may or may not have a deck.

UI = D012767

 

Shivering

MS = Involuntary trembling or quivering of the body caused by contraction or twitching of the muscles, a physiologic method of heat production in man and other mammals. (Dorland, 28th ed)

UI = D012768

 

Shock

AN = therapy of shock = SHOCK /ther, not SHOCK THERAPY (see ELECTROCONVULSIVE THERAPY), a psychother technique; note TOXIC SHOCK SYNDROME see SHOCK, SEPTIC is available

UI = D012769

 

Shock, Cardiogenic

AN = shock from decreased heart output

MS = Shock resulting from diminution of cardiac output in heart disease, as in myocardial infarction.

UI = D012770

 

Shock, Hemorrhagic

AN = HYPOVOLEMIC SHOCK does not go here: it is a see ref to SHOCK

UI = D012771

 

Shock, Septic

AN = caused by BACTEREMIA, FUNGEMIA, or other microorganism in blood; coord (IM) with specific infect (IM)

MS = Shock due to circulatory insufficiency caused most commonly by gram-negative BACTEREMIA. It is less often the result of the persistent presence of other micro-organisms in the blood (FUNGEMIA, viremia); in rare instances, it is caused by gram-positive organisms, but with different symptomatology.

UI = D012772

 

Shock, Surgical

AN = shock during or after surg

MS = Shock that occurs during or after surgical operation. (Dorland, 27th ed)

UI = D012773

 

Shock, Traumatic

AN = shock caused by trauma

MS = Any shock produced by trauma. (Dorland, 27th ed)

UI = D012774

 

Shoes

AN = horseshoes may be indexed here but only as NIM

UI = D012775

 

Short Bowel Syndrome

AN = a malabsorption syndrome after extensive small intest resection

MS = A malabsorption syndrome resulting from extensive operative resection of small bowel.

UI = D012778

 

Short Interspersed Nucleotide Elements

MS = Highly repeated sequences, 100-300 bases long, which contain RNA polymerase III promoters. The primate Alu (ALU ELEMENTS) and the rodent B1 SINEs are derived from 7SL RNA, the RNA component of the signal recognition particle. Most other SINEs are derived from tRNAs including the MIRs (mammalian-wide interspersed repeats).

UI = D020086

 

Short Rib-Polydactyly Syndrome

AN = do not use /congen & do not coord with INFANT, NEWBORN, DISEASES; do not confuse X ref with NOONAN SYNDROME, the male Turner syndrome CATALOG: do not use /in inf

MS = A syndrome inherited as an autosomal recessive trait and incompatible with life. The main features are narrow thorax, short ribs, scapular and pelvic dysplasia, and polydactyly.

UI = D012779

 

Short-Wave Therapy

AN = do not use /util except by MeSH definition

MS = The use of focused short radio waves to produce local hyperthermia in an injured person or diseased body area.

UI = D012780

 

Shorthand

AN = no qualif

UI = D012781

 

Shoulder

AN = TN 117: use for human & other vertebrates; TN 238: differentiation from SHOULDER JOINT & indexing instructions

UI = D012782

 

Shoulder Dislocation

AN = disloc of humerus from shoulder joint; acromioclavicular disloc = ACROMIOCLAVICULAR JOINT + DISLOCATIONS

UI = D012783

 

Shoulder Fractures

AN = refers to SHOULDER, not SHOULDER JOINT; restricted to fract of proximal humerus (head, neck, tuberosities): do not confuse with HUMERAL FRACTURES (non-head, etc.)

MS = Fractures of the proximal humerus, including the head, anatomic and surgical necks, and tuberosities.

UI = D012784

 

Shoulder Impingement Syndrome

MS = Compression of the rotator cuff tendons and subacromial bursa between the humeral head and structures that make up the coracoacromial arch and the humeral tuberosities. This condition is associated with subacromial bursitis and rotator cuff (largely supraspinatus) and bicipital tendon inflammation, with or without degenerative changes in the tendon. Pain that is most severe when the arm is abducted in an arc between 40 and 120 degrees, sometimes associated with tears in the rotator cuff, is the chief symptom. (From Jablonski's Dictionary of Syndromes and Eponymic Diseases, 2d ed)

UI = D019534

 

Shoulder Joint

AN = TN 117: use for human & other vertebrates; TN 238: differentiation from SHOULDER & indexing instructions

UI = D012785

 

Shoulder Pain

MS = Unilateral or bilateral pain of the shoulder. It is often caused by physical activities such as work or sports participation, but may also be pathologic in origin.

UI = D020069

 

Showdomycin

AN = an antineoplastic antibiotic

MS = 3-beta-D-Ribofuranosylmaleimide. Antineoplastic antibiotic isolated from Streptomyces showdoensis. It is possibly active also as a sulfhydryl reagent.

UI = D012787

 

Shrews

AN = IM; qualif permitted; do not confuse SHREWS (insectivore) with TREE SHREWS see TUPAIIDAE

UI = D012788

 

Shrimp

AN = as animal & food; IM; as food, coord IM with SHELLFISH (IM); do not confuse with BRINE SHRIMP see ARTEMIA; /microbiol /parasitol /virol permitted

MS = Various species of mostly marine crustaceans of the order Decapoda with ten legs and long abdomen. It includes shrimp as food.

UI = D012789

 

Shwartzman Phenomenon

MS = A vasculitis, local or systemic, caused by a two-stage reaction in which a first encounter with endotoxin produces intravascular fibrin thrombi whose clearance results in reticuloendothelial blockade which prevents the clearance of thrombi caused by a second encounter with endotoxin, (or a variety of polyanions, glycogen or antigen/antibody complexes) resulting in tissue necrosis and/or hemorrhage. In pregnancy gram-negative septicemia during delivery or abortion may serve as the first or provocative encounter.

UI = D012790

 

Shy-Drager Syndrome

AN = a form of orthostatic hypotension with incontinence, musc disord & other dis

MS = A progressive degenerative disease of the central and autonomic nervous systems characterized by orthostatic hypotension, urinary and fecal incontinence, anhidrosis, external ophthalmoplegia, generalized weakness, muscle wasting, tremors, and impotence.

UI = D012791

 

Shyness

AN = no qualif

MS = Discomfort and partial inhibition of the usual forms of behavior when in the presence of others.

UI = D012792

 

Sialadenitis

AN = salivary gland inflammation, also called sialitis; tuberc sialitis: coord IM with TUBERCULOSIS, ORAL (IM)

UI = D012793

 

Sialic Acids

MS = A group of naturally occurring N-and O-acyl derivatives of the deoxyamino sugar neuraminic acid. They are ubiquitously distributed in many tissues.

UI = D012794

 

Sialoglycoproteins

AN = glycoproteins containing sialic acid: do not confuse with SALIVARY PROTEINS, proteins found in saliva; /biosyn /physiol permitted

MS = Glycoproteins which contain sialic acid as one of their carbohydrates. They are often found on or in the cell or tissue membranes and participate in a variety of biological activities.

UI = D012795

 

Sialography

AN = NIM; do not use /util except by MeSH definition; DF: SIALOGR

MS = Radiography of the salivary glands or ducts following injection of contrast medium.

UI = D012796

 

Sialometaplasia, Necrotizing

AN = benign inflamm self-healing lesions of minor salivary glands

MS = A benign, inflammatory, variably ulcerated, occasionally bilateral, self-healing lesion of the minor salivary glands that is often confused clinically and histologically with carcinoma.

UI = D012797

 

Sialorrhea

AN = "increased salivary flow"

MS = Increased salivary flow.

UI = D012798

 

Sialyltransferases

MS = A group of enzymes with the general formula CMP-N-acetylneuraminate:acceptor N-acetylneuraminyl transferase. They catalyze the transfer of N-acetylneuraminic acid from CMP-N-acetylneuraminic acid to an acceptor, which is usually the terminal sugar residue of an oligosaccharide, a glycoprotein, or a glycolipid. EC 2.4.99.-.

UI = D012799

 

Siberia

UI = D012800

 

Sibling Relations

AN = human & animal; DF: SIBLING RELAT

MS = Interactions and relationships between sisters and/or brothers. The concept also applies to animal studies.

UI = D012801

 

Sicily

UI = D012802

 

Sick Building Syndrome

AN = coord IM with specific manifest if pertinent (IM)

MS = A group of symptoms that are two- to three-fold more common in those who work in large, energy-efficient buildings, associated with an increased frequency of headaches, lethargy, and dry skin. Clinical manifestations include hypersensitivity pneumonitis (ALVEOLITIS, EXTRINSIC ALLERGIC), allergic rhinitis (RHINITIS, ALLERGIC, PERENNIAL), ASTHMA, infections, skin eruptions, and mucous membrane irritation syndromes. Current usage tends to be less restrictive with regard to the type of building and delineation of complaints. (From Segen, Dictionary of Modern Medicine, 1992)

UI = D018877

 

Sick Leave

AN = permitted absence for sickness, often paid leave

MS = An absence from work permitted because of illness or the number of days per year for which an employer agrees to pay employees who are sick. (Webster's New Collegiate Dictionary, 1981)

UI = D018582

 

Sick Role

AN = no qualif

MS = Behavior patterns consistent with those expected of an individual functioning in a state of ill health.

UI = D012803

 

Sick Sinus Syndrome

AN = sinus refers to sinoatrial node

MS = Dysfunction of the sinoatrial node manifested by persistent sinus bradycardia, sinus arrest, sinoatrial exit block, chronic atrial fibrillation and inability of the heart to resume sinus rhythm following cardioversion for atrial fibrillation.

UI = D012804

 

Sickle Cell Trait

MS = The condition of being heterozygous for hemoglobin S.

UI = D012805

 

Sickness Impact Profile

AN = a health status indicator

MS = A quality-of-life scale developed in the United States in 1972 as a measure of health status or dysfunction generated by a disease. It is a behaviorally based questionnaire for patients and addresses activities such as sleep and rest, mobility, recreation, home management, emotional behavior, social interaction, and the like. It measures the patient's perceived health status and is sensitive enough to detect changes or differences in health status occurring over time or between groups. (From Medical Care, vol.xix, no.8, August 1981, p.787-805)

UI = D018434

 

Siderophores

AN = an iron chelate produced by microorganisms

MS = Low-molecular-weight compounds produced by microorganisms that aid in the transport and sequestration of ferric iron. (The Encyclopedia of Molecular Biology, 1994)

UI = D017262

 

Siderosis

AN = tissue deposition of iron; do not coord with OCCUPATIONAL DISEASES

MS = The deposition of iron in a tissue. In the eye, the iron may be deposited in the stroma adjacent to the Descemet's membrane.

UI = D012806

 

Sierra Leone

AN = a republic in western Africa

MS = A republic in western Africa, south of GUINEA and west of LIBERIA. Its capital is Freetown. Its coast was first visited by the Portuguese in 1462, later by English slave traders. In 1787 English philanthropists sponsored settlements on the coast for runaway and freed slaves. After a clash with the French in 1893 the region was acquired by treaty in 1895, proclaimed a protectorate in 1896, and achieved independence in 1961. The name is from the Spanish sierra (mountain chain) + leone (lion), meaning Lion Mountains, which refers not to the roar of lions (they are not found in this part of Africa) but to the noise from claps of thunder from storm clouds constantly surrounding the mountains. (From Webster's New Geographical Dictionary, 1988, p1114 & Room, Brewer's Dictionary of Names, 1992, p504)

UI = D012807

 

Sigma Factor

AN = a transcription factor; /biosyn /physiol permitted

MS = A protein which is a subunit of RNA polymerase. It effects initiation of specific RNA chains from DNA.

UI = D012808

 

Sigmoid

AN = sigmoiditis = SIGMOID DISEASES (IM) + COLITIS (NIM) but note PROCTOSIGMOIDITIS see PROCTOCOLITIS & RECTOSIGMOIDITIS see PROCTOCOLITIS; diverticulosis & diverticulitis: see note on SIGMOID DISEASES

UI = D012809

 

Sigmoid Diseases

AN = inflamm dis: coord IM with COLITIS (NIM) but note PROCTOSIGMOIDITIS see PROCTOCOLITIS & RECTOSIGMOIDITIS see PROCTOCOLITIS; diverticula & diverticulosis: coord IM with DIVERTICULOSIS, COLONIC (IM); diverticulitis: coord IM with DIVERTICULITIS, COLONIC (IM)

UI = D012810

 

Sigmoid Neoplasms

AN = /blood supply /chem /second /secret /ultrastruct permitted; coord IM with histol type of neopl (IM)

UI = D012811

 

Sigmoidoscopy

AN = NIM; do not use /util except by MeSH definition

MS = Endoscopic examination of the sigmoid flexure. It is used to localize, identify, and photograph pathologic alterations, to obtain biopsy material, and to perform other surgical interventions.

UI = D012812

 

Sign Language

AN = no qualif

MS = A system of hand gestures used for communication by the deaf or by people speaking different languages.

UI = D012813

 

Signal Detection (Psychology)

AN = restrict to psychol: do not use for detection of signals in telecommunication ( = TELECOMMUNICATIONS) or in cellular processes ( = CELL COMMUNICATION or SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION or related concepts); DF: SIGNAL DETECTION

MS = A theory of psychophysics which characterizes not only the acuity of an individual's discrimination but also the psychological factors that bias his judgment. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific & Technical Terms, 4th ed)

UI = D017603

 

Signal Peptides

MS = Additional polypeptide sequence of 25 to 30 residues at the amino-terminal or carboxy-terminal end of proteins. The signal sequence signals the cellular fate or destination of a newly synthesized protein directing it to its ultimate destination in the cell. These leaders are recognized by the signal recognition particle and bound by specific receptor sites on the outer surface of the endoplasmic reticulum. They are then transported into the cisterna of the endoplasmic reticulum and from there directed to their ultimate destination in the cell. In prokaryotes, the signal peptides attach to the plasma membrane. These signal sequences are ultimately removed by specific peptidases.

UI = D012814

 

Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted

AN = IM

MS = Computer-assisted processing of electric, ultrasonic, or electronic signals to interpret function and activity.

UI = D012815

 

Signal Recognition Particle

AN = a ribonucleoprotein; DF: note short X ref

MS = A cytosolic ribonucleoprotein complex that acts to induce elongation arrest of nascent presecretory proteins as the signal peptide protrudes from the large ribosomal subunit. It consists of a 7S RNA and six polypeptide subunits (relative molecular masses 9, 14, 19, 54, 68, and 72K).

UI = D018271

 

Signal Transduction

AN = "inter- or intracellular transfer of information through a signal pathway"

MS = The intercellular or intracellular transfer of information (biological activation/inhibition) through a signal pathway. In each signal transduction system, an activation/inhibition signal from a biologically active molecule (hormone, neurotransmitter) is mediated via the coupling of a receptor/enzyme to a second messenger system or to an ion channel. Signal transduction plays an important role in activating cellular functions, cell differentiation, and cell proliferation. Examples of signal transduction systems are the GABA-postsynaptic receptor-calcium ion channel system, the receptor-mediated T-cell activation pathway, and the receptor-mediated activation of phospholipases. Those coupled to membrane depolarization or intracellular release of calcium include the receptor-mediated activation of cytotoxic functions in granulocytes and the synaptic potentiation of protein kinase activation. Some signal transduction pathways may be part of larger signal transduction pathways; for example, protein kinase activation is part of the platelet activation signal pathway.

UI = D015398

 

Signs and Symptoms

AN = not used for indexing

MS = Objective evidence of disease perceptible to the examining physician (sign) and subjective evidence of disease perceived by the patient (symptom). (From Dorland, 28th ed, p1521, p1620)

UI = D012816

 

Signs and Symptoms, Digestive

AN = not used for indexing

MS = Digestive system manifestations of diseases of the gastrointestinal system or of other organs.

UI = D012817

 

Signs and Symptoms, Respiratory

AN = not used for indexing

MS = Respiratory system manifestations of diseases of the respiratory tract or of other organs.

UI = D012818

 

Sikkim

UI = D012819

 

Silage

AN = "fodder converted into succulent feed for livestock"

MS = Fodder converted into succulent feed for livestock through processes of anaerobic fermentation (as in a silo).

UI = D012820

 

Silanes

AN = silicon cpds

MS = Compounds similar to hydrocarbons in which a tetravalent silicon atom replaces the carbon atom. They are very reactive, ignite in air, and form useful derivatives.

UI = D012821

 

Silicates

AN = GEN or unspecified; prefer specifics

MS = The generic term for salts derived from silica or the silicic acids. They contain silicon, oxygen, and one or more metals, and may contain hydrogen. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th Ed)

UI = D017640

 

Silicon Compounds

AN = inorganic; GEN or unspecified; prefer specifics; DF: SILICON CPDS

MS = Inorganic compounds that contain silicon as an integral part of the molecule.

UI = D017655

 

Silicon Dioxide

AN = note X ref: do not confuse with SILICON; TN 172: differentiation among silic- terms; see MeSH definition for names of common forms of silicon dioxide

MS = Silica. Transparent, tasteless crystals found in nature as agate, amethyst, chalcedony, cristobalite, flint, sand, QUARTZ, and tridymite. The compound is insoluble in water or acids except hydrofluoric acid.

UI = D012822

 

Silicone Gels

AN = silicones in breast implants probably goes here unless specified as elastomers (SILICONE ELASTOMERS); for prosthetic implants do not use /ther use

MS = Synthetic organosiloxane gels that are formed from synthetic polymers of silicone oxide with organic sidechains (polydimethylsiloxane) by lengthening the polymer chains. Unlike silicone elastomers, they are not treated with amorphous silica. They are used as fillers in breast implants.

UI = D020034

 

Silicate Cement

AN = a dent cement; D25-26 qualif

MS = A relatively hard, translucent, restorative material used primarily in anterior teeth. (From Boucher's Clinical Dental Terminology, 4th ed, p50)

UI = D012823

 

Silicic Acid

AN = a form of silicon dioxide; occurs in nature

MS = Silicic acid. Hydrated silicon dioxide that occurs in nature. It is insoluble in water or acids except hydrofluoric acid. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)

UI = D012824

 

Silicon

AN = a trace element; Si-28; do not confuse with SILICA or SILICONES; TN 172: differentiation among silic- terms; Si-29, 30 = SILICON (IM) + ISOTOPES (NIM); Si-26, 27, 31, 32 = SILICON (IM) + RADIOISOTOPES (IM); lung dis from various silicon dusts = SILICOSIS

MS = Silicon. A trace element that constitutes about 27.6% of the earth's crust in the form of SILICON DIOXIDE. It does not occur free in nature. Silicon has the atomic symbol Si, atomic number 14, and atomic weight 28.09.

UI = D012825

 

Silicone Elastomers

AN = silicones in breast implants probably goes under SILICON GELS or here if specified as elastomers; for prosthetic implants do not use /ther use

MS = Polymers of silicone that are formed by crosslinking and treatment with amorphous silica to increase strength. They have properties similar to vulcanized natural rubber, in that they stretch under tension, retract rapidly, and fully recover to their original dimensions upon release. They are used in the encapsulation of surgical membranes and implants.

UI = D012826

 

Silicone Oils

AN = industrial & limited medicinal use

MS = Organic siloxanes which are polymerized to the oily stage. The oils have low surface tension and density less than 1. They are used in industrial applications and in the treatment of retinal detachment, complicated by proliferative vitreoretinopathy.

UI = D012827

 

Silicones

AN = in breast implants use SILICONE GELS or SILICONE ELASTOMERS; do not confuse with SILICON

MS = A broad family of synthetic organosiloxane polymers containing a repeating silicon-oxygen backbone with organic side groups attached via carbon-silicon bonds. Depending on their structure, they are classified as liquids, gels, and elastomers. (From Merck Index, 12th ed)

UI = D012828

 

Silicosis

AN = pneumoconiosis from silicon dioxide (in stone, sand, flint); do not use /chem ind for dust causing this dis: use /etiol; ANTHRACOSILICOSIS & SILICOTUBERCULOSIS are also available; do not coord with OCCUPATIONAL DISEASES

MS = Pneumoconiosis due to the inhalation of dust of stone, sand, or flint containing silicon dioxide, with formation of generalized, nodular fibrotic changes in both lungs. (Dorland, 27th ed)

UI = D012829

 

Silicotuberculosis

AN = tuberc in the silicotic lung; do not coord with OCCUPATIONAL DISEASES

MS = Tuberculosis of the silicotic lung.

UI = D012830

 

Silkworms

AN = /microbiol /parasitol /virol permitted

MS = Moths of the family Bombycidae of the order LEPIDOPTERA, called silkworm moths. The family contains a single species, Bombyx mori from the Greek for silkworm + mulberry tree (on which it feeds). A native of Asia, it is sometimes reared in this country. It has long been raised for its silk and after centuries of domestication it probably does not exist in nature. It is used extensively in experimental genetics. (From Borror et al., An Introduction to the Study of Insects, 4th ed, p519)

UI = D012831

 

Silo Filler's Disease

AN = agric worker's pneumonia or bronchiolitis from silage inhalation

MS = Pneumonia or bronchiolitis caused by inhalation of nitrogen dioxide released by silage.

UI = D012832

 

Siloxanes

AN = silicon polymers; D25-26 qualif

MS = Silicon polymers that contain alternate silicon and oxygen atoms in linear or cyclic molecular structures.

UI = D012833

 

Silver

AN = Ag-107; Ag-109 = SILVER (IM) + ISOTOPES (NIM); Ag-102-106, 108, 110-117 = SILVER (IM) + RADIOISOTOPES (IM)

MS = Silver. An element with the atomic symbol Ag, atomic number 47, and atomic weight 107.87. It is a soft metal that is used medically in surgical instruments, dental prostheses, and alloys. Long-continued use of silver salts can lead to a form of poisoning known as ARGYRIA.

UI = D012834

 

Silver Compounds

AN = inorganic; GEN or unspecified; prefer specifics; DF: SILVER CPDS

MS = Inorganic compounds that contain silver as an integral part of the molecule.

UI = D018030

 

Silver Nitrate

AN = a local anti-infective agent; /diag use: this is probably SILVER STAINING (see note there)

MS = A powerful germicide, used as an antiseptic, applied topically to the conjunctiva as a prophylactic against opthalmia neonatorum, and also used as an antiseptic in infections of the skin and mucous membrane. (From Dorland, 27th ed)

UI = D012835

 

Silver Proteins

AN = anti-infective agents

MS = Compounds of silver and proteins used as topical anti-infective agents.

UI = D012836

 

Silver Staining

AN = usually silver nitrate is the reagent in the staining so do not coord with SILVER NITRATE

MS = The use of silver, usually silver nitrate, as a reagent for producing contrast or coloration in tissue specimens.

UI = D016622

 

Silver Sulfadiazine

AN = a sulfanilamide anti-infective

MS = Antibacterial used topically in burn therapy.

UI = D012837

 

Silymarin

MS = A mixture of flavonoids extracted from seeds of the milk thistle, Silybum marianum. It consists primarily of three isomers: silicristin, silidianin, and silybin, its major component. Silymarin displays antioxidant and membrane stabilizing activity. It protects various tissues and organs against chemical injury, and shows potential as an antihepatoxic agent.

UI = D012838

 

Simazine

AN = an herbicide

MS = A triazine herbicide.

UI = D012839

 

Simbu Group Viruses

AN = a group of viruses of the genus Bunyavirus; infection: coord IM with BUNYAVIRIDAE INFECTIONS (IM); DF: note short X ref

MS = A group of viruses in the BUNYAVIRUS genus of the BUNYAVIRIDAE family that are found in Asia, Africa, and the Americas.

UI = D012840

 

Simethicone

AN = an antiflatulent & emollient; D25-26 qualif

MS = A mixture of dimethyl polysiloxanes and silica gel used as an antiflatulent. Without the addition of silica gel (dimethicone), it is used as an ointment base ingredient and skin protectant.

UI = D012841

 

Simian Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome

AN = coord IM with RETROVIRUSES, SIMIAN or a specific (IM) or MASON-PFIZER MONKEY VIRUS (IM) or SIV (IM) if pertinent; DF: note short X ref

MS = Acquired defect of cellular immunity that occurs naturally in macaques infected with SRV serotypes, experimentally in monkeys inoculated with SRV or MASON-PFIZER MONKEY VIRUS (MPMV), or in monkeys infected with SIV.

UI = D016097

 

Simplexvirus

AN = a genus of the subfamily Alphaherpesvirinae; more familiar as X refs HERPES SIMPLEX VIRUS or HERPESVIRUS HOMINIS; do not confuse X ref HERPESVIRUS 1, SAIMIRINE with HERPESVIRUS 2, SAIMIRINE; infection = HERPES SIMPLEX or its indentions

MS = A genus of the family HERPESVIRIDAE, subfamily ALPHAHERPESVIRINAE, consisting of herpes simplex-like viruses.

UI = D018139

 

Simuliidae

AN = a family of flies, including black flies & buffalo gnats; /microbiol /parasitol /virol permitted; do not use /drug eff for insecticides: TN 111

MS = Several species of the genus Simulium (family Simuliidae) that act as intermediate hosts (vectors) for the parasitic disease ONCHOCERCIASIS.

UI = D012843

 

Simvastatin

MS = A derivative of LOVASTATIN and potent competitive inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COA REDUCTASES), which is the rate-limiting enzyme in cholesterol biosynthesis. It may also interfere with steroid hormone production. Due to the induction of hepatic LDL RECEPTORS, it increases breakdown of LDL-cholesterol (LIPOPROTEINS, LDL CHOLESTEROL).

UI = D019821

 

Sincalide

AN = do not confuse with Sincaline ( = CHOLINE)

MS = A polypeptide hormone present in the intestine and brain. When secreted from the gastric mucosa, it stimulates the release of both bile from the gallbladder, and the release of digestive enzymes from the pancreas.

UI = D012844

 

Sindbis Virus

AN = a species of Alphavirus; Sindbis is a village in Egypt; infection: coord IM with ALPHAVIRUS INFECTIONS (IM)

MS = The type species of ALPHAVIRUS normally transmitted to birds by Culex mosquitoes in Egypt, South Africa, India, Malaya, the Philippines, and Australia. It may be associated with fever in humans.

UI = D012845

 

Singapore

UI = D012846

 

Single-Blind Method

AN = IM GEN only; coord NIM with specific disease (IM); when pertinent add CLINICAL TRIAL (PT) or RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL (PT); do not index also under PLACEBOS unless particularly discussed; no qualif

MS = A method in which either the observer(s) or the subject(s) is kept ignorant of the group to which the subjects are assigned.

UI = D016037

 

Single Parent

AN = never-married, divorced or widowed: read MeSH definition

MS = An unmarried natural, adoptive, or substitute parent of a dependent child, whether living with or visiting the child. To be used also for single-parent families. The concept includes the never-married, as well as the divorced and widowed.

UI = D015406

 

Single-Payer System

AN = a type of organized health-care financing

MS = An approach to health care financing with only one source of money for paying health care providers. The scope may be national (the Canadian System), state-wide, or community-based. The payer may be a governmental unit or other entity such as an insurance company. The proposed advantages include administrative simplicity for patients and providers, and resulting significant savings in overhead costs. (From Slee and Slee, Health Care Reform Terms, 1993, p106)

UI = D018855

 

Single Person

AN = /psychol permitted; does not include "celibacy": CELIBACY see SEXUAL ABSTINENCE; "unwed parent" = PARENTS (IM) + ILLEGITIMACY (IM); SINGLE PARENT is also available

MS = The unmarried man or woman.

UI = D012847

 

Sinoatrial Block

MS = Disturbance of heart conduction in which the atrial response is delayed or omitted because of partial or complete interference with the propagation of impulses from the sinoatrial node to the atria.

UI = D012848

 

Sinoatrial Node

MS = The small mass of modified cardiac muscle fibers located at the junction of the superior vena cava and right atrium. Contraction impulses probably start in this node, spread over the atrium and are then transmitted by the atrioventricular bundle to the ventricle.

UI = D012849

 

Sinus of Valsalva

AN = aneurysm: coord IM with AORTIC ANEURYSM (IM); ruptured aneurysm of sinus: coord IM with AORTIC RUPTURE (IM)

MS = The dilatation of the aortic wall behind each of the cusps of the aortic valve.

UI = D012850

 

Sinus Thrombosis

AN = cerebral thrombosis: the sinus referred to is the cranial sinus

MS = Formation of a clot in a cerebral venous sinus.

UI = D012851

 

Sinusitis

AN = IM; sinusitis of specific sinus is also available (e.g., ETHMOID SINUSITIS)

MS = An inflammatory process of the mucous membranes of the paranasal sinuses that occurs in three stages: acute, subacute, and chronic. Sinusitis results from any condition causing ostial obstruction or from pathophysiologic changes in the mucociliary transport mechanism.

UI = D012852

 

Siphoviridae

AN = a family of Caudovirales bacteriophages

MS = A family of bacteriophages which are characterized by long, non-contractile tails.

UI = D017906

 

Sirenia

MS = An order of heavy-bodied, slow-moving, completely aquatic, herbivorous mammals. The body is fusiform, plump, and hairless, except for bristles on the snout. Hindlimbs are absent, the forelimbs are modified to flippers, and the tail is a horizontal fluke. (From Scott, Concise Encyclopedia Biology, 1996)

UI = D020453

 

Sirolimus

MS = A macrolide compound obtained from Streptomyces hygroscopicus that acts by selectively blocking the transcriptional activation of cytokines thereby inhibiting cytokine production. It is bioactive only when bound to IMMUNOPHILINS. Sirolimus is a potent immunosuppressant and possesses both antifungal and antineoplastic properties.

UI = D020123

 

Sisomicin

AN = an aminoglycoside antibiotic

MS = Antibiotic produced by Micromonospora inyoensis. It is closely related to gentamicin C1A, one of the components of the gentamicin complex (GENTAMICINS).

UI = D012853

 

Sister Chromatid Exchange

MS = An aberrant crossing-over event in which there is an exchange of segments between the sister chromatids of a chromosome, either between the sister chromatids of a meiotic tetrad or between the sister chromatids of a duplicated somatic chromosome. It can be induced by ultraviolet and ionizing radiation or by mutagenic agents and is observed by autoradiography.

UI = D012854

 

Site-Specific DNA-Methyltransferase (Adenine-Specific)

MS = An enzyme responsible for producing a species-characteristic methylation pattern on adenine residues in a specific short base sequence in the host cell DNA. The enzyme catalyzes the methylation of DNA adenine in the presence of S-adenosyl-L-methionine to form DNA containing 6-methylaminopurine and S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine. EC 2.1.1.72.

UI = D015265

 

Site-Specific DNA Methyltransferase (Cytosine-Specific)

AN = do not confuse with DNA (CYTOSINE-5-)-METHYLTRANSFERASE

MS = An enzyme responsible for producing a species-characteristic methylation pattern on cytosine residues in a specific short base sequence in the host cell's DNA. The enzyme catalyzes the methylation of DNA cytosine in the presence of S-adenosyl-L-methionine to form S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine and DNA containing 5-methylcytosine. EC 2.1.1.73.

UI = D015257

 

Sitosterols

AN = plant sterols

MS = A family of sterols commonly found in plants and plant oils. Alpha-, beta-, and gamma-isomers have been characterized.

UI = D012855

 

SITS

AN = = Stilbene IsoThiocyanate diSulfonic acid

MS = 5-(Acetylamino)-2-(2-(-4-isothiocyanato-2-sulfophenyl)ethenyl)benzenesulfonic acid. A non-penetrating amino reagent which acts as an inhibitor of anion transport in erythrocytes and other cells.

UI = D012856

 

Situs Inversus

AN = lateral transposition of the viscera; do not use /congen & do not coord with INFANT, NEWBORN, DISEASES CATALOG: do not use /in inf

MS = Lateral transposition of the viscera of the thorax and abdomen. It has a familial pattern and consanguineous parents have been reported. (From Dorland, 27th ed)

UI = D012857

 

SIV

AN = species of Lentivirus; from Simian Immunodeficiency Viruses; do not confuse with SIMIAN RETROVIRUSES, TYPE D see RETROVIRUSES TYPE D, SIMIAN; infection = SAIDS

MS = Species of the genus LENTIVIRUS, subgenus primate immunodeficiency viruses (IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUSES, PRIMATE), that induces acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in monkeys and apes (SAIDS). The genetic organization of SIV is virtually identical to HIV. SIV is 50% homologous in nucleotide sequence to HIV-1. SIV and HIV-2 exhibit close structural and immunologic properties and are 75% homologous. SIV does not cause immune deficiency in its natural host, the African green monkey, but does produce SAIDS in the rhesus macaque. Subgroups of SIV include SIV-1 and SIV-2.

UI = D015302

 

Size Perception

MS = The sensory interpretation of the dimensions of objects.

UI = D012858

 

Sizofiran

AN = an immunol adjuvant & antineoplastic; /biosyn permitted if by living matter

MS = Poly(3-(O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-3)-O-(beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-6))-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-3)-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl)-1). A beta-D-glucan obtained from the Aphyllophoral fungus Schizophyllum commune. It is used as an immunoadjuvant in the treatment of neoplasms, especially tumors found in the stomach.

UI = D012566

 

Sjogren-Larsson Syndrome

AN = a type of ichthyosis: do not confuse with SJOGREN'S SYNDROME; do not use /congen & do not coord with INFANT, NEWBORN, DISEASES; in titles & translations use diacrit: Sjèogren-Larsson CATALOG: do not use /in inf

MS = Rare syndrome of autosomal recessive inheritance characterized by ichthyosis, mental retardation, and spastic pyramidal symptoms. It is associated with a defect in fatty alcohol metabolism.

UI = D016111

 

Sjogren's Syndrome

AN = a form of rheum arthritis; do not confuse with SJOGREN-LARSSON SYNDROME, a form of ichthyosis; in titles & translations, use diacrit: Sjèogren

MS = Chronic inflammatory and autoimmune disease in which the salivary and lacrimal glands undergo progressive destruction by lymphocytes and plasma cells resulting in decreased production of saliva and tears. The primary form, often called sicca syndrome, involves both KERATOCONJUNCTIVITIS SICCA and XEROSTOMIA. The secondary form includes, in addition, the presence of a connective tissue disease, usually rheumatoid arthritis.

UI = D012859

 

Skates (Fish)

AN = electric fish; IM; qualif permitted

MS = The common name for all members of the Rajidae family. Skates and rays are members of the same order. Skates have weak electric organs.

UI = D012860

 

Skating

AN = /inj: coord IM with specific inj (IM); /physiol permitted; Manual 30.15.1

MS = Using ice skates, roller skates, or skateboards in racing or other competition or for recreation.

UI = D012861

 

Skatole

UI = D012862

 

Skeletal Muscle Ventricle

AN = autol skeletal musc wrapped around heart & electrically stimulated to provide mechanical heart assist

MS = Autologous skeletal muscle that is wrapped around the heart and electrically stimulated in order to provide mechanical heart assistance. The latissimus dorsi muscle is commonly used to form this ventricle that functions to independently augment cardiac performance by pumping in series with the heart.

UI = D019739

 

Skeleton

AN = the bony frame as a whole; avoid: use BONE AND BONES; "skeletal" in titles is probably "bone", "bone tissue" or "osseous" which = BONE AND BONES: TN 173; no qualif

UI = D012863

 

SK&F-38393

AN = a dopamine agonist used in animal exper; SK&F stands for Smith Kline & French (a pharmaceut co)

MS = A selective D1 dopamine receptor agonist used primarily as a research tool.

UI = D015647

 

Skiing

AN = /inj: coord IM with specific inj (IM); /physiol permitted; does not include water-skiing (index under SPORTS)

MS = A snow sport which uses skis to glide over the snow. It does not include water-skiing.

UI = D012865

 

Skilled Nursing Facilities

MS = Extended care facilities which provide skilled nursing care or rehabilitation services for inpatients on a daily basis.

UI = D012866

 

Skin

AN = /drug eff: consider also DERMATOLOGIC AGENTS; for animal tissue in wound ther see note on BIOLOGICAL DRESSINGS; inflammation = DERMATITIS & its specifics; dryness of skin: index under SKIN DISEASES & do not interpret as XERODERMA see ICHTHYOSIS without clues from text; prickly heat: index under MILIARIA CATALOG: form qualif permitted

UI = D012867

 

Skin Abnormalities

AN = for congen struct abnorm only; GEN or unspecified; prefer specifics; do not use /congen & do not coord with INFANT, NEWBORN, DISEASES; DF: SKIN ABNORM

MS = Congenital structural abnormalities of the skin.

UI = D012868

 

Skin Absorption

UI = D012869

 

Skin Aging

MS = The process of aging due to changes in the structure and elasticity of the skin over time. It may be a part of physiological aging or it may be due to the effects of ultraviolet radiation, usually through exposure to sunlight.

UI = D015595

 

Skin and Connective Tissue Diseases

AN = not used for indexing; DF: SKIN CONNECTIVE TISSUE DIS CATALOG: do not use

MS = A collective term for diseases of the skin and its appendages and of connective tissue.

UI = D017437

 

Skin Appendage Diseases

AN = IM: GEN & unspecified only; NIM coord for dis of SEBACEOUS GLANDS (IM)

UI = D012870

 

Skin, Artificial

AN = to stimulate new skin growth before replacement by graft

MS = Synthetic material used for the treatment of burns and other conditions involving large-scale loss of skin. It often consists of an outer (epidermal) layer of silicone and an inner (dermal) layer of collagen and chondroitin 6-sulfate. The dermal layer elicits new growth and vascular invasion and the outer layer is later removed and replaced by a graft.

UI = D017768

 

Skin Care

AN = IM; coord with specific agent used in the care, as SOAPS, OINTMENTS, DETERGENTS, etc. (IM or NIM) or specific type of care, as BATHS (IM or NIM) or specific ther agent (IM or NIM)

MS = Maintenance of the hygienic state of the skin under optimal conditions of cleanliness and comfort. Effective in skin care are proper washing, bathing, cleansing, and the use of soaps, detergents, oils, etc. In various disease states, therapeutic and protective solutions and ointments are useful. The care of the skin is particularly important in various occupations, in exposure to sunlight, in neonates, and in decubitus ulcer.

UI = D017592

 

Skin Diseases

AN = GEN: prefer specifics; X ref DERMATOSES is sometimes used loosely for "dermatitis", strictly speaking an inflamm dis: check text carefully; /drug ther: consider also DERMATOLOGIC AGENTS; inflamm dis = DERMATITIS & its specifics; dryness of skin goes here: do not interpret as XERODERMA see ICHTHYOSIS without clues from text; also available are FACIAL DERMATOSES, FOOT DERMATOSES, HAND DERMATOSES, LEG DERMATOSES & SCALP DERMATOSES CATALOG: form qualif permitted

UI = D012871

 

Skin Diseases, Bacterial

AN = GEN or unspecified; coord IM with precoord bact infect (IM)

MS = Skin diseases caused by bacteria.

UI = D017192

 

Skin Diseases, Eczematous

AN = GEN or unspecified; prefer ECZEMA or specific eczematous skin dis

MS = Any of a variety of eruptive skin disorders characterized by erythema, oozing, vesiculation, and scaling. Etiology is varied.

UI = D017443

 

Skin Diseases, Papulosquamous

AN = GEN or unspecified; prefer specifics

MS = A group of dermatoses with distinct morphologic features. The primary lesion is most commonly a papule, usually erythematous, with a variable degree of scaling on the surface. Plaques form through the coalescing of primary lesions.

UI = D017444

 

Skin Diseases, Vascular

AN = note X ref: livedo reticularis + cerebrovasc disord = SNEDDON SYNDROME

MS = Skin diseases affecting or involving the cutaneous blood vessels and generally manifested as inflammation, swelling, erythema, or necrosis in the affected area.

UI = D017445

 

Skin Diseases, Vesiculobullous

AN = GEN or unspecified; prefer specifics; do not confuse X ref SNEDDON-WILKINSON DISEASE with SNEDDON SYNDROME

MS = Skin diseases characterized by local or general distributions of blisters. They are classified according to the site and mode of blister formation. Lesions can appear spontaneously or be precipitated by infection, trauma, or sunlight. Etiologies include immunologic and genetic factors. (From Scientific American Medicine, 1990)

UI = D012872

 

Skin Diseases, Viral

AN = GEN or unspecified; coord IM with precoord viral infect (IM)

MS = Skin diseases caused by viruses.

UI = D017193

 

Skin Diseases, Genetic

AN = GEN or unspecified; prefer specifics; DF: SKIN DIS GENET

MS = Diseases of the skin with a genetic component, usually the result of various inborn errors of metabolism.

UI = D012873

 

Skin Diseases, Infectious

AN = GEN or unspecified; prefer specifics; coord IM with specific infect dis (IM) + site (NIM) but note precoord site terms in note on SKIN DISEASES; bacterial = SKIN DISEASES, BACTERIAL, viral = SKIN DISEASES, VIRAL, parasitic = SKIN DISEASES, PARASITIC, fungal = DERMATOMYCOSES

MS = Skin diseases caused by bacteria, fungi, parasites, or viruses.

UI = D012874

 

Skin Diseases, Metabolic

AN = GEN or unspecified; prefer specifics; DF: SKIN DIS METAB

MS = Diseases of the skin associated with underlying metabolic disorders.

UI = D012875

 

Skin Diseases, Parasitic

AN = IM; coord with specific parasitic dis (IM) + site (NIM) but see precoord site terms in note under SKIN DISEASES; ECTOPARASITIC INFESTATIONS is available for parasites on or within the skin

MS = Skin diseases caused by arthropods, helminths, or protozoa.

UI = D012876

 

Skin Manifestations

AN = not used for indexing since 1989; prior to 1989 used for skin manifest of non-skin diseases

MS = Dermatologic disorders attendant upon non-dermatologic disease or injury.

UI = D012877

 

Skin Neoplasms

AN = /blood supply /chem /second /secret /ultrastruct permitted; coord IM with site (NIM) if merely locational or omitted if irrelevant + histol type of neopl (IM)

UI = D012878

 

Skin Physiology

AN = GEN or unspecified; prefer specifics; DF: SKIN PHYSIOL

MS = The functions of the skin in the human and animal body. It includes the pigmentation of the skin and its appendages.

UI = D012879

 

Skin Pigmentation

MS = Coloration of the skin.

UI = D012880

 

Skin Temperature

UI = D012881

 

Skin Test End-Point Titration

AN = a type of intradermal allergy test; DF: STEPT

MS = A quantitative form of intradermal testing for the relative allergenicity of a substance. It is used to determine the amount of an allergen that will be tolerated in immunotherapy.

UI = D015927

 

Skin Tests

AN = NIM

MS = Epicutaneous or intradermal application of a sensitizer for demonstration of either delayed or immediate hypersensitivity. Used in diagnosis of hypersensitivity or as a test for cellular immunity.

UI = D012882

 

Skin Transplantation

AN = do not use /util except by MeSH definition; do not coord with TRANSPLANTATION, AUTOLOGOUS or TRANSPLANTATION, HETEROTOPIC unless particularly discussed

MS = The grafting of skin in humans or animals from one site to another to replace a lost portion of the body surface skin.

UI = D016038

 

Skin Ulcer

UI = D012883

 

Skin Window Technique

AN = IM; no qualif CATALOG: do not use /laboratory manuals

UI = D012884

 

Skinfold Thickness

AN = a measurement of body fat; no qualif

MS = The measurement of subcutaneous fat located directly beneath the skin by grasping a fold of skin and subcutaneous fat between the thumb and forefinger and pulling it away from the underlying muscle tissue. The thickness of the double layer of skin and subcutaneous tissue is then read with a caliper. The five most frequently measured sites are the upper arm, below the scapula, above the hip bone, the abdomen, and the thigh. Its application is the determination of relative fatness, of changes in physical conditioning programs, and of the percentage of body fat in desirable body weight. (From McArdle, et al., Exercise Physiology, 2d ed, p496-8)

UI = D012885

 

Skull

AN = bony part of head only: differentiate from HEAD & FACE; "cranial" is SKULL, "intracranial" is probably BRAIN, not SKULL; /abnorm: consider also CRANIOFACIAL ABNORMALITIES; /anat: consider also CEPHALOMETRY (living skull) & CRANIOMETRY (dead skull); /inj: TN 96 (relation to HEAD INJURIES); "cranio-cerebral inj" is CRANIOCEREBRAL INJURIES see BRAIN INJURIES only & not also here unless particularly discussed; /surg: consider also CRANIOTOMY & TREPHINING; "craniofacial dysmorphism": index under CRANIOFACIAL ABNORMALITIES; "craniofacial dysplasia" or "craniofacial fibrous dysplasia": index under FACIAL BONES (IM) + SKULL (IM) + FIBROUS DYSPLASIA, POLYOSTOTIC (IM)

MS = The skeleton of the head including the bones of the face and the bones enclosing the brain.

UI = D012886

 

Skull Base

AN = NIM as merely locational, with no qualif; for base of skull as a bone, probably IM with qualif; CRANIAL FOSSA, POSTERIOR is also available; SKULL BASE NEOPLASMS is also available

MS = The internal and external base of the cranium: respectively the inner and outer surfaces of the inferior region of the skull. The internal base constitutes the floor of the cranial cavity. (From Dorland, 28th ed, p186)

UI = D019291

 

Skull Base Neoplasms

AN = /blood supply /chem /second /secret /ultrastruct permitted; coord IM with specific histol type of neopl (IM)

MS = Neoplasms of the base of the skull specifically, differentiated from neoplasms of unspecified sites or bones of the skull (SKULL NEOPLASMS).

UI = D019292

 

Skull Fractures

AN = IM; general or as coord IM for fract of specific bones of skull /inj (IM)

UI = D012887

 

Skull Neoplasms

AN = of bony part of skull only: do not confuse with HEAD AND NECK NEOPLASMS or FACIAL NEOPLASMS; "intracranial tumors" is probably BRAIN NEOPLASMS, not SKULL NEOPLASMS; GEN: prefer specifics; /blood supply /chem /second /secret /ultrastruct permitted; coord IM with histol type of neopl (IM); SKULL BASE NEOPLASMS is also available

MS = Neoplasms of the bony part of the skull.

UI = D012888

 

Skunks

AN = IM; qualif permitted

MS = Omnivorous New World mammals of the family Mustelidae, showing typical warning coloration of patterned black and white and able to eject a malodorous secretion when the animal is startled or in danger.

UI = D012889

 

Sleep

MS = A readily reversible suspension of sensorimotor interaction with the environment, usually associated with recumbency and immobility.

UI = D012890

 

Sleep Apnea Syndromes

AN = "apneic episodes during sleep"; DF: SLEEP APNEA

MS = Disorders involving apneic episodes during sleep. They may be due to cessation of diaphragmatic movement, obstruction of upper airway air flow, or a combination of these, and may be associated with hypersomnolence, insomnia, or obesity.

UI = D012891

 

Sleep Deprivation

AN = being deprived of sleep or prevented from sleeping: do not confuse with INSOMNIA, inability to fall asleep or sleep

MS = The condition of being deprived of sleep either under experimental or under unusual real life conditions, as distinguished from being unable to sleep.

UI = D012892

 

Sleep Disorders

MS = Disturbances of usual sleep patterns or behaviors.

UI = D012893

 

Sleep Stages

MS = Periods of sleep manifested by changes in EEG activity and certain behavioral correlates; includes Stage 1: sleep onset, drowsy sleep; Stage 2: light sleep; Stages 3 and 4: delta sleep, light sleep, deep sleep, telencephalic sleep.

UI = D012894

 

Sleep, REM

MS = A stage of sleep characterized by rapid movements of the eye and low voltage fast pattern EEG. It is usually associated with dreaming.

UI = D012895

 

Sloths

AN = IM; qualif permitted

MS = Slow-moving exclusively arboreal mammals that inhabit the tropical forests of South and Central America.

UI = D012896

 

Slovakia

MS = Created 1 January 1993 as a result of the division of Czechoslovakia into the Czech Republic and Slovakia.

UI = D018154

 

Slovenia

MS = Created 7 April 1992 as a result of the division of Yugoslavia.

UI = D017524

 

Slow Virus Diseases

AN = caused by viruses incubating months to years; some dis formerly called slow virus dis are now considered prion dis: see note there; GEN or unspecified: prefer specifics

MS = Diseases of viral origin, characterized by incubation periods of months to years, insidious onset of clinical manifestations, and protracted clinical course. Though the disease process is protracted, viral multiplication may not be unusually slow. Conventional viruses produce slow virus diseases such as SUBACUTE SCLEROSING PANENCEPHALITIS, progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (LEUKOENCEPHALOPATHY, PROGRESSIVE MULTIFOCAL), and AIDS. Diseases produced by unconventional agents were originally considered part of this group. They are now called PRION DISEASES.

UI = D012897

 

Small-Area Analysis

AN = restrict to small geog or demog areas; no qualif; DF: SMALL AREA ANAL

MS = A method of analyzing the variation in utilization of health care in small geographic or demographic areas. It often studies, for example, the usage rates for a given service or procedure in several small areas, documenting the variation among the areas. By comparing high- and low-use areas, the analysis attempts to determine whether there is a pattern to such use and to identify variables that are associated with and contribute to the variation.

UI = D017062

 

Smallpox

AN = caused by a poxvirus

MS = An acute, highly contagious, often fatal infectious disease caused by an orthopoxvirus characterized by a biphasic febrile course and distinctive progressive skin eruptions. Vaccination has succeeded in eradicating smallpox worldwide. (Dorland, 28th ed)

UI = D012899

 

Smallpox Vaccine

MS = A live vaccinia virus vaccine of calf lymph or chick embryo origin, used for immunization against smallpox. It is now recommended only for laboratory workers exposed to smallpox virus. Certain countries continue to vaccinate those in the military service. Complications that result from smallpox vaccination include vaccinia, secondary bacterial infections, and encephalomyelitis. (Dorland, 28th ed)

UI = D012900

 

Smear Layer

AN = note category: in dent cavity prep; no qualif

MS = Adherent debris produced when cutting the enamel or dentin in cavity preparation. It is about 1 micron thick and its composition reflects the underlying dentin, although different quantities and qualities of smear layer can be produced by the various instrumentation techniques. Its function is presumed to be protective, as it lowers dentin permeability. However, it masks the underlying dentin and interferes with attempts to bond dental material to the dentin.

UI = D016369

 

Smegma

MS = The secretion of sebaceous glands, especially the cheesy secretion, consisting principally of desquamated epithelial cells, found chiefly beneath the prepuce. (Dorland, 28th ed)

UI = D012902

 

Smell

MS = The sensation or perception of scents or odors.

UI = D012903

 

Smiling

MS = A facial expression which may denote feelings of pleasure, affection, amusement, etc.

UI = D012904

 

Smith-Lemli-Opitz Syndrome

AN = an inborn error of lipid metab; the syndrome is named for the authors first describing it, the X ref RSH SYNDROME refers to the initials of the surnames of the first 3 patients CATALOG: do not use /in inf

MS = Autosomal recessive disorder characterized by multiple congenital anomalies including microcephaly, mental retardation, unusual facies, and genital abnormalities. The biochemical defect is a lack of 7-dehydrocholesterol-delta-7-reductase, resulting in abnormally high levels of 7-dehydrocholesterol and low levels of cholesterol.

UI = D019082

 

Smog

AN = IM CATALOG: /geog /form

MS = A mixture of smoke and fog polluting the atmosphere. (Dorland, 27th ed)

UI = D012905

 

Smoke

AN = smoke in any environment, not restricted to industrial smokes; can refer to smoke-filled rooms, elevators, trains, aircraft, from any source including fires, tobacco, etc.; coord IM or NIM with source of smoke (tobacco smoke = TOBACCO + SMOKE but remember TOBACCO SMOKE POLLUTION is available) provided emphasis is on the nature, composition or eff of the smoke; /adv eff: consider also SMOKE INHALATION INJURY

UI = D012906

 

Smoke Inhalation Injury

AN = BURNS, INHALATION is also available; DF: SMOKE INHAL INJ

MS = Pulmonary injury following the breathing in of toxic smoke from burning materials such as plastics, synthetics, building materials, etc. This injury is the most frequent cause of death in burn patients.

UI = D015208

 

Smoking

AN = almost exclusively tobacco smoking: not for smoking marijuana ( = MARIJUANA SMOKING); smokers' patches, smokers' tongue = LEUKOPLAKIA, ORAL; cancer caused by smoking = organ/neopl term with /etiol (not /chem ind) + SMOKING /adv eff (not TOBACCO USE DISORDER); passive smoking = TOBACCO SMOKE POLLUTION; SMOKING CESSATION is also available

MS = Inhaling and exhaling the smoke of tobacco or something similar to tobacco.

UI = D012907

 

Smoking Cessation

AN = TOBACCO USE CESSATION is also available

MS = Discontinuation of the habit of smoking, the inhaling and exhaling of tobacco smoke.

UI = D016540

 

Smooth Muscle Tumor

AN = a specific histol type: do not confuse with NEOPLASMS, MUSCLE TISSUE, a group histol term, or with LEIOMYOMA (see MeSH definition); /blood supply /chem /second /secret /ultrastruct permitted; coord IM with precoord organ/neopl term (IM); restricted use: Manual 24.2.2.5

MS = A tumor composed of smooth muscle tissue, as opposed to leiomyoma, a tumor derived from smooth muscle.

UI = D018235

 

Snails

AN = as animal & food; IM; GEN or unspecified; prefer specifics; as food, coord IM with SHELLFISH (IM); /microbiol /parasitol /virol permitted

MS = Marine, freshwater, or terrestrial mollusks of the class Gastropoda. Most have an enclosing spiral shell, and several genera harbor parasites pathogenic to man.

UI = D012908

 

Snake Bites

AN = IM; coord with specific available snake family or genus (IM); ther with antivenins is /ther, not /drug ther

MS = Bites by snakes. The condition of having been bitten by a venomous snake, characterized by stinging pain at the wound puncture. The venom injected at the site of the bite is capable of producing a deleterious effect on the blood or on the nervous system. (Webster's 3d ed; from Dorland, 27th ed, at snake, venomous)

UI = D012909

 

Snake Venoms

AN = GEN or unspecified only: prefer the many specifics: common & scientific names of venomous snakes to identify specific SNAKE VENOMS term: TN 241; coord IM with specific available snake family or genus (IM); /antag permitted but consider also ANTIVENINS; /enzymol permitted; do not use qualif when coord with ANTIVENINS

MS = Solutions or mixtures of toxic and nontoxic substances elaborated by snake (Ophidia) salivary glands for the purpose of killing prey or disabling predators and delivered by grooved or hollow fangs. They usually contain enzymes, toxins, and other factors.

UI = D012910

 

Snakes

AN = GEN or unspecified; prefer specific families or genera; IM; qualif permitted; TN 241: common & scientific names of venomous snakes to identify specific SNAKE VENOMS terms

UI = D012911

 

Sneddon Syndrome

AN = livedo reticularis with cerebrovasc disord; do not confuse with SNEDDON-WILKINSON DISEASE see SKIN DISEASES, VESICULOBULLOUS

MS = A syndrome of livedo reticularis and cerebrovascular lesions involving all the extremities and the trunk, worsening in cold weather and during the acute phase of neurological complications. Chronic ischemia of the extremities is present in all cases. Adventitial fibrosis, thrombosis, and changes in the media are the principal pathological changes in the digital arteries. Neurological manifestations consist of stroke, transient ischemic attacks, epileptic seizures, and dementia. (From Jablonski, Dictionary of Syndromes & Eponymic Diseases, 2d ed)

UI = D018860

 

Sneezing

UI = D012912

 

Snoring

AN = note category

MS = Rough, noisy breathing during sleep, due to vibration of the uvula and soft palate.

UI = D012913

 

Snow

AN = no qualif

UI = D012914

 

Soaps

AN = D25-26 qualif

MS = Sodium or potassium salts of long chain fatty acids. These detergent substances are obtained by boiling natural oils or fats with caustic alkali. Sodium soaps are harder and are used as topical anti-infectives and vehicles in pills and liniments; potassium soaps are soft, used as vehicles for ointments and also as topical antimicrobials.

UI = D012915

 

Soccer

AN = /inj: coord IM with specific inj (IM); /physiol permitted; Manual 30.15.1; includes non-North American "football"; does not include rugby (RUGBY see FOOTBALL)

MS = A game in which a round inflated ball is advanced by kicking or propelling with any part of the body except the hands or arms. The object of the game is to place the ball in opposite goals.

UI = D012916

 

Social Adjustment

AN = no qualif

MS = Those types of relationships which involve the accommodation of the individual to circumstances in his social environment for the satisfaction of his needs or motives.

UI = D012917

 

Social Alienation

MS = The state of estrangement individuals feel in cultural settings that they view as foreign, unpredictable, or unacceptable.

UI = D012918

 

Social Behavior

AN = human & animal; no qualif; note X ref HARASSMENT, NONSEXUAL for bullying, repeated mischievous or deleterious acts, etc.

MS = Any behavior caused by or affecting another individual, usually of the same species.

UI = D012919

 

Social Behavior Disorders

AN = human only

MS = Behaviors which are at variance with the expected social norm and which affect other individuals.

UI = D012920

 

Social Change

AN = specify geog if pertinent CATALOG: /geog /form

MS = Social process whereby the values, attitudes, or institutions of society, such as education, family, religion, and industry become modified. It includes both the natural process and action programs initiated by members of the community.

UI = D012922

 

Social Class

AN = no qualif CATALOG: /geog /form

MS = A stratum of people with similar position and prestige; includes social stratification. Social class is measured by criteria such as education, occupation, and income.

UI = D012923

 

Social Conditions

AN = specify geog if pertinent CATALOG: /geog /form

MS = The state of society as it exists or in flux. While it usually refers to society as a whole in a specified geographical or political region, it is applicable also to restricted strata of a society.

UI = D012924

 

Social Conformity

AN = no qualif

MS = Behavioral or attitudinal compliance with recognized social patterns or standards.

UI = D012925

 

Social Control, Formal

MS = Control which is exerted by the more stable organizations of society, such as established institutions and the law. They are ordinarily embodied in definite codes, usually written.

UI = D012926

 

Social Control, Informal

MS = Those forms of control which are exerted in less concrete and tangible ways, as through folkways, mores, conventions, and public sentiment.

UI = D012927

 

Social Control Policies

AN = GEN or unspecified; prefer specifics; coord IM with subject of policy (IM); specify state or country or other body if pertinent CATALOG: /geog /form

MS = Decisions for determining and guiding present and future objectives from among alternatives.

UI = D011049

 

Social Desirability

AN = no qualif

MS = A personality trait rendering the individual acceptable in social or interpersonal relations. It is related to social acceptance, social approval, popularity, social status, leadership qualities, or any quality making him a socially desirable companion.

UI = D012928

 

Social Distance

AN = no qualif

MS = The degree of closeness or acceptance an individual or group feels toward another individual or group.

UI = D012929

 

Social Dominance

AN = human & animal; no qualif

MS = Superiority of relationship and rank of an individual in relation to his associates.

UI = D012930

 

Social Environment

AN = human & animal; no qualif; DF: SOCIAL ENVIR CATALOG: /geog /form

MS = The aggregate of social and cultural institutions, forms, patterns, and processes that influence the life of an individual or community.

UI = D012931

 

Social Facilitation

AN = human & animal; no qualif

MS = Any enhancement of a motivated behavior in which individuals do the same thing with some degree of mutual stimulation and consequent coordination.

UI = D012932

 

Social Identification

AN = no qualif

MS = The process wherein the individual so strongly feels himself a member of a group that he adopts its ideas, beliefs, and habits.

UI = D012933

 

Social Isolation

AN = human & animal

MS = The separation of individuals or groups resulting in the lack of or minimizing of social contact and/or communication. This separation may be accomplished by physical separation, by social barriers and by psychological mechanisms. In the latter, there may be interaction but no real communication.

UI = D012934

 

Social Justice

AN = specify geog CATALOG: /geog /form

MS = An interactive process whereby members of a community are concerned for the equality and rights of all.

UI = D012935

 

Social Medicine

AN = SPEC: SPEC qualif; DF: SOCIAL MED

MS = A branch of medicine concerned with the role of socio-environmental factors in the occurrence, prevention and treatment of disease.

UI = D012936

 

Social Mobility

AN = no qualif

MS = The movement or shifting of membership between or within social classes by individuals or by groups.

UI = D012937

 

Social Perception

AN = no qualif

MS = The perceiving of attributes, characteristics, and behaviors of one's associates or social groups.

UI = D012938

 

Social Planning

AN = no qualif CATALOG: /geog /form

MS = Interactional process combining investigation, discussion, and agreement by a number of people in the preparation and carrying out of a program to ameliorate conditions of need or social pathology in the community. It usually involves the action of a formal political, legal, or recognized voluntary body.

UI = D012939

 

Social Problems

AN = specify geog if pertinent CATALOG: /geog /form

MS = Situations affecting a significant number of people, that are believed to be sources of difficulty or threaten the stability of the community, and that require programs of amelioration.

UI = D012940

 

Social Responsibility

AN = no qualif

MS = The obligations and accountability assumed in carrying out actions or ideas in behalf of others.

UI = D012941

 

Social Sciences

AN = SPEC: SPEC qualif CATALOG: /geog /form

MS = Disciplines concerned with the interrelationships of individuals in a social environment including social organizations and institutions. Includes Sociology and Anthropology.

UI = D012942

 

Social Security

AN = specify country, including U.S. CATALOG: /geog /form

MS = Government sponsored social insurance programs.

UI = D012943

 

Social Support

AN = human only; no qualif

MS = Support systems that provide assistance and encouragement to individuals with physical or emotional disabilities in order that they may better cope. Informal social support is usually provided by friends, relatives, or peers, while formal assistance is provided by churches, groups, etc.

UI = D012944

 

Social Values

MS = Abstract standards or empirical variables in social life which are believed to be important and/or desirable.

UI = D012945

 

Social Welfare

AN = specify geog if pertinent CATALOG: /geog /form

MS = Organized institutions which provide services to ameliorate conditions of need or social pathology in the community.

UI = D012946

 

Social Work

AN = SPEC: SPEC qualif CATALOG: /geog /form

MS = The use of community resources, individual case work, or group work to promote the adaptive capacities of individuals in relation to their social and economic environments. It includes social service agencies.

UI = D012947

 

Social Work Department, Hospital

AN = DF: SOCIAL WORK DEP HOSP

MS = Hospital department responsible for administering and providing social services to patients and their families.

UI = D012948

 

Social Work, Psychiatric

AN = SPEC: SPEC qualif CATALOG: /geog /form

MS = Use of all social work processes in the treatment of patients in a psychiatric or mental health setting.

UI = D012949

 

Socialism

AN = specify country; do not confuse with NAZISM see POLITICAL SYSTEMS CATALOG: /geog /form

MS = A system of government in which means of production and distribution of goods are controlled by the state.

UI = D012950

 

Socialization

AN = no qualif

MS = The training or molding of an individual through various relationships, educational agencies, and social controls, which enables him to become a member of a particular society.

UI = D012951

 

Societies

AN = GEN or unspecified; prefer specific types of societies; do not confuse with ORGANIZATIONS: see note there; Manual 35.9+; specify geog; TN 174: scope CATALOG: /geog /form; form qualif /societies & double forms are available

MS = Organizations composed of members with common interests and whose professions may be similar.

UI = D012952

 

Societies, Dental

AN = specify geog; DF: SOCIETIES DENT CATALOG: /geog /form

MS = Societies whose membership is limited to dentists.

UI = D012953

 

Societies, Hospital

AN = specify geog; DF: SOCIETIES HOSP CATALOG: /geog /form

MS = Societies having institutional membership limited to hospitals and other health care institutions.

UI = D012954

 

Societies, Medical

AN = for conventional medical societies & soc of med specialties indented under spec in Cat G2; Manual 35.9.1; TN 174: scope; specify geog; "College of Physicians" goes here; DF: SOCIETIES MED CATALOG: /geog /form

MS = Societies whose membership is limited to physicians.

UI = D012955

 

Societies, Nursing

AN = specify geog; DF: SOCIETIES NURS CATALOG: /geog /form

MS = Societies whose membership is limited to nurses.

UI = D012956

 

Societies, Pharmaceutical

AN = specify geog; DF: SOCIETIES PHARM CATALOG: /geog /form

MS = Societies whose membership is limited to pharmacists.

UI = D012957

 

Societies, Scientific

AN = for societies of scientists & professionals in disciplines not covered under SOCIETIES, MEDICAL; Manual 35.9.1; TN 174: scope; specify geog CATALOG: /geog /form

MS = Societies whose membership is limited to scientists.

UI = D012958

 

Socioeconomic Factors

AN = NIM; no qualif; Manual 35.7; includes both social & economic aspects: purely economic aspect = ECONOMICS

MS = Social and economic factors that characterize the individual or group within the social structure.

UI = D012959

 

Socioenvironmental Therapy

AN = a psychother technique; DF: SOCIOENVIR THER

MS = Therapy whose primary emphasis is on the physical and social structuring of the environment to promote interpersonal relationships which will be influential in reducing behavioral disturbances of patients.

UI = D012960

 

Sociology

AN = IM: SPEC with SPEC qualif; for "sociological aspects of", NIM with no qualif; Manual 30.5; /methods: probably SOCIOMETRIC TECHNIQUES; DF: SOCIOL

MS = A social science dealing with group relationships, patterns of collective behavior, and social organization.

UI = D012961

 

Sociology, Medical

AN = IM; SPEC: SPEC qualif; DF: SOCIOL MED CATALOG: /geog /form

MS = The study of the social determinants and social effects of health and disease, and of the social structure of medical institutions or professions.

UI = D012962

 

Sociometric Techniques

AN = no qualif CATALOG: do not use /laboratory manuals

MS = Methods for quantitatively assessing and measuring interpersonal and group relationships.

UI = D012963

 

Sodium

AN = an alkali metal; Na-23; /physiol permitted; /blood: note also HYPERNATREMIA & HYPONATREMIA; /defic: consider also HYPONATREMIA; /metab: consider also SODIUM CHANNELS & SODIUM-POTASSIUM PUMP; /urine: consider also NATRIURESIS; SODIUM, DIETARY is also available

MS = An element that is a member of the alkali group of metals. It has the atomic symbol Na, atomic number 11, and atomic weight 23. With a valence of 1, it has a strong affinity for oxygen and other nonmetallic elements. Sodium provides the chief cation of the extracellular body fluids. Its salts are the most widely used in medicine. (From Dorland, 27th ed) Physiologically the sodium ion plays a major role in blood pressure regulation, maintenance of fluid volume, and electrolyte balance.

UI = D012964

 

Sodium Acetate

MS = The trihydrate sodium salt of acetic acid, which is used as a source of sodium ions in solutions for hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis. It has also been used as a systemic and urinary alkalizer, diuretic, and expectorant. (Dorland, 28th ed)

UI = D019346

 

Sodium Azide

MS = A cytochrome oxidase inhibitor which is a nitridizing agent and an inhibitor of terminal oxidation. (From Merck Index, 12th ed)

UI = D019810

 

Sodium Benzoate

MS = The sodium salt of BENZOIC ACID. It is used as an antifungal preservative in pharmaceutical preparations and foods. It may also be used as a test for liver function.

UI = D020160

 

Sodium Bicarbonate

AN = an alkalizing agent; used as a topical cleansing solution

MS = Carbonic acid monosodium salt (CHNaO3). A white, crystalline powder that is used as an electrolyte replenisher and systemic alkalizer. It is applied topically in solution to wash the nose, mouth, or vagina, and as a cleansing enema. (From Dorland, 27th ed)

UI = D017693

 

Sodium Channels

AN = /biosyn /drug eff /physiol /rad eff /ultrastruct permitted; DF: NA CHANNELS

MS = Cell membrane glycoproteins selective for sodium ions. Fast sodium current is associated with the action potential in neural membranes.

UI = D015222

 

Sodium Chloride

AN = for intake of table salt use SODIUM CHLORIDE, DIETARY

MS = Sodium chloride (NaCl). A colorless, cubic crystal or white, crystalline powder, found widely distributed over the earth, in sea water, etc., which is a necessary constituent of the body and consequently of the diet. It makes up over 90 percent of the inorganic constituents of the blood serum and is the principal salt involved in maintaining osmotic tension of the blood and tissues. (From Dorland, 27th ed)

UI = D012965

 

Sodium Chloride, Dietary

AN = note X ref TABLE SALT; /adv eff: coord with disease /etiol, not /chem ind; /ther use: coord with disease /diet ther

MS = Sodium chloride used in foods.

UI = D017673

 

Sodium Cholate

AN = CHOLATES is available

MS = A trihydroxy bile salt that is used as a digestive aid in dietary supplements. It is used in culture media and in conjunction with PAPAIN and PANCREATIN.

UI = D020358

 

Sodium Compounds

AN = inorganic; GEN or unspecified; prefer specifics; DF: SODIUM CPDS

MS = Inorganic compounds that contain sodium as an integral part of the molecule.

UI = D017670

 

Sodium Cyanide

AN = highly poisonous

MS = Sodium cyanide (Na(CN)). A highly poisonous compound that is an inhibitor of many metabolic processes and is used as a test reagent for the function of chemoreceptors. It is also used in many industrial processes.

UI = D012966

 

Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate

AN = a surfactant; D25-26 qualif

MS = An anionic surfactant, usually a mixture of sodium alkyl sulfates, mainly the lauryl; lowers surface tension of aqueous solutions; used as fat emulsifier, wetting agent, detergent in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals and toothpastes; also as research tool in protein biochemistry.

UI = D012967

 

sodium(Di) Etidronate (see:Etidronate Disodium)

 

Sodium Fluoride

AN = an anticaries agent

MS = Sodium fluoride (NaF). A source of inorganic fluoride which has been used orally and topically to prevent dental caries. It is also effective as a pesticide and in the therapy of osteoporosis.

UI = D012969

 

Sodium Glutamate

AN = a food additive; D25-26 qualif

MS = L-Glutamic acid, sodium salt. An additive used to impart meat flavor to foods, and to enhance other natural food flavors. Medically it has been used to reduce blood ammonia levels in ammoniacal azotemia, therapy of hepatic coma, in psychosis, and mental retardation.

UI = D012970

 

Sodium (Gold) Thiosulfate (see:Gold Sodium Thiosulfate)

 

Sodium Hydroxide

AN = a caustic

MS = A highly caustic substance that is used to neutralize acids and make sodium salts. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)

UI = D012972

 

Sodium Hypochlorite

AN = bleaching agent & disinfectant; needle bleaching (as by intravenous drug users) is indexed under SODIUM HYPOCHLORITE + DISINFECTION + NEEDLES

MS = The sodium salt of hypochlorous acid. It is used as an oxidizing and bleaching agent and as a disinfectant. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)

UI = D012973

 

Sodium Iodide

AN = an iodine supplement

MS = Sodium iodide (NaI). A compound forming white, odorless deliquescent crystals and used as iodine supplement, expectorant or in its radioactive (I-131) form as an diagnostic aid, particularly for thyroid function determinants.

UI = D012974

 

Sodium Isotopes

AN = Na-23; NIM; no qualif

MS = Stable sodium atoms that have the same atomic number as the element sodium, but differ in atomic weight. Na-23 is a stable sodium isotope.

UI = D012975

 

Sodium Lactate

AN = in intravenous fluids

MS = The sodium salt of racemic or inactive lactic acid. It is used intravenously in a one-sixth molar solution as a fluid and electrolyte replenisher to combat acidosis. (Dorland, 28th ed)

UI = D019354

 

Sodium Morrhuate

AN = a sclerosing agent; D25-26 qualif

MS = The sodium salts of the fatty acids in cod liver oil; an irritant and sclerosing agent used to treat varicose veins and arthritic joints.

UI = D012976

 

Sodium Nitrite

AN = a food preservative & chem reagent; D25-26 qualif

MS = Nitrous acid sodium salt. Used in many industrial processes, in meat curing, coloring, and preserving, and as a reagent in analytical chemistry. It is used therapeutically as an antidote in cyanide poisoning. The compound is toxic and mutagenic and will react in vivo with secondary or tertiary amines thereby producing highly carcinogenic nitrosamines.

UI = D012977

 

Sodium Oxybate

MS = The sodium salt of 4-hydroxybutyric acid. Anesthetic used for both induction and maintenance. It may cause bradycardia and dyskinesias.

UI = D012978

 

Sodium Pertechnetate Tc 99m

AN = as label, use /diag use; DF: TC PERTECHNETATE

MS = A gamma-emitting radionuclide imaging agent used for the diagnosis of diseases in many tissues, particularly in the gastrointestinal system, cardiovascular and cerebral circulation, brain, thyroid, and joints.

UI = D013670

 

Sodium Radioisotopes

AN = Na-20-22, 24-26; NIM; /blood-csf-urine /metab permitted but not for tracer studies ( = /diag use)

MS = Unstable isotopes of sodium that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. Na atoms with atomic weights 20-22 and 24-26 are radioactive sodium isotopes.

UI = D012979

 

Sodium Salicylate

MS = A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent that is less effective than equal doses of ASPIRIN in relieving pain and reducing fever. However, individuals who are hypersensitive to ASPIRIN may tolerate sodium salicylate. In general, this salicylate produces the same adverse reactions as ASPIRIN, but there is less occult gastrointestinal bleeding. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1992, p120)

UI = D012980

 

Sodium Selenite

AN = a selenium cpd: do not confuse X ref SELENITE with the selenite which is a form of CALCIUM SULFATE

MS = Selenious acid, disodium salt. It is used therapeutically to supply the trace element selenium.

UI = D018038

 

Sodium Tetradecyl Sulfate

AN = a surfactant & sclerosing agent; D25-26 qualif

MS = 7-Ethyl-2-methyl-4-hendecanol sulfate sodium salt. An anionic surface-active agent used for its wetting properties in industry and used in medicine as an irritant and sclerosing agent for hemorrhoids and varicose veins.

UI = D012981

 

Sodium, Dietary

AN = /adv eff: coord with disease /etiol, not /chem ind; /defic = SODIUM /defic but consider also HYPONATREMIA; for intake of table salt index under SODIUM CHLORIDE, DIETARY

MS = Sodium or sodium compounds used in foods or as a food. The most frequently used compounds are sodium chloride or sodium glutamate.

UI = D012982

 

Sodium-Calcium Exchanger

AN = DF: NA CA EXCHANGER

MS = An electrogenic ion exchange protein that maintains a steady level of calcium by removing an amount of calcium equal to that which enters the cells. It is widely distributed in most excitable membranes, including the brain and heart.

UI = D019831

 

Sodium-Hydrogen Antiporter

AN = a carrier protein

MS = A plasma membrane exchange glycoprotein transporter that functions in intracellular pH regulation, cell volume regulation, and cellular response to many different hormones and mitogens.

UI = D017923

 

Soft Tissue Infections

AN = GEN or unspecified soft tissue; coord IM with organism/infect precoord (IM); DF: SOFT TISSUE INFECT

MS = Infections of non-skeletal tissue, i.e., exclusive of bone, ligaments, cartilage, and fibrous tissue. The concept is usually referred to as skin and soft tissue infections and usually subcutaneous and muscle tissue are involved. The predisposing factors in anaerobic infections are trauma, ischemia, and surgery. The organisms often derive from the fecal or oral flora, particularly in wounds associated with intestinal surgery, decubitus ulcer, and human bites. (From Cecil Textbook of Medicine, 19th ed, p1688)

UI = D018461

 

Soft Tissue Injuries

AN = IM GEN or unspecified; coord NIM with specific organ or region /inj (IM); DF: SOFT TISSUE INJ

MS = Injuries of tissue other than bone. The concept is usually general and does not customarily refer to internal organs or viscera. It is meaningful with reference to regions or organs where soft tissue (muscle, fat, skin) should be differentiated from bones or bone tissue, as "soft tissue injuries of the hand".

UI = D017695

 

Soft Tissue Neoplasms

AN = neoplasms located in soft (connective) tissue, NOT neoplasms composed of soft tissue; /blood supply /chem /second /secret /ultrastruct permitted; coord IM with precoord organ/neopl term or site (IM)

MS = Neoplasms of whatever cell type or origin, occurring in the extraskeletal connective tissue framework of the body including the organs of locomotion and their various component structures, such as nerves, blood vessels, lymphatics, etc.

UI = D012983

 

Software

AN = IM CATALOG: form qualif /software is available

MS = Sequential operating instructions for a particular problem or function to be run on a digital computer.

UI = D012984

 

Software Design

AN = IM; no qualif

MS = Specifications and instructions applied to the software.

UI = D012985

 

Software Validation

AN = IM; no qualif

MS = The act of testing the software for compliance with a standard.

UI = D012986

 

Soil

AN = /microbiol = SOIL MICROBIOLOGY (IM) + specific microbe (IM); /parasitol permitted: coord IM with specific parasite (IM); /virol = SOIL MICROBIOLOGY (IM) + specific virus (IM)

MS = The loose surface material of the earth in which plants grow. (Webster, 3d ed)

UI = D012987

 

Soil Microbiology

AN = IM; coord IM with specific bact, virus or fungus (IM); DF: SOIL MICROBIOL

MS = The presence of bacteria, viruses, and fungi in the soil. This term is not restricted to pathogenic organisms.

UI = D012988

 

Soil Pollutants

AN = specify pollutant if pertinent (IM or NIM)

MS = Substances which pollute the soil. Use for soil pollutants in general or for which there is no specific heading.

UI = D012989

 

Soil Pollutants, Radioactive

AN = specify radiopollutant if pertinent (IM or NIM)

MS = Pollutants, present in soil, which exhibit radioactivity.

UI = D012990

 

Solanaceae

AN = a large family of familiar food & medicinal plants; GEN or unspecified; prefer specifics

MS = Family of flowering plants (order Solanales). Among the most important are POTATOES, TOMATOES, CAPSICUM (green and red peppers), TOBACCO, and BELLADONNA.

UI = D019657

 

Solanaceous Alkaloids

MS = Alkaloids, mainly tropanes, elaborated by plants of the family Solanaceae, including Atropa, Hyoscyamus, Mandragora, Nicotiana, Solanum, etc. Some act as cholinergic antagonists; most are very toxic; many are used medicinally.

UI = D012991

 

Solanine

AN = an alkaloid

UI = D012992

 

Solar Activity

AN = no qualif

MS = Any type of variation in the appearance of energy output of the sun. (NASA Thesaurus, 1994)

UI = D019445

 

Solar Energy

MS = Energy transmitted from the sun in the form of electromagnetic radiation.

UI = D012993

 

Solitary Nucleus

AN = in the medulla oblongata

MS = Gray matter located in the dorsomedial part of the medulla oblongata associated with the solitary tract. The solitary nucleus receives inputs from most organ systems including the terminations of the facial, glossopharyngeal, and vagus nerves. It is a major coordinator of autonomic nervous system regulation of cardiovascular, respiratory, gustatory, gastrointestinal, and chemoreceptive aspects of homeostasis. The solitary nucleus is also notable for the large number of neurotransmitters which are found therein.

UI = D017552

 

Somatotropins, Recombinant

AN = "prepared by recombinant DNA technol"; /drug eff permitted

MS = Somatotropin prepared by recombinant DNA technology. Several different forms have been developed from humans, cows, and pigs. They have been used to help stimulate growth.

UI = D019373

 

Somatrem

AN = a somatropin (not "somatotropin") prepared by recombinant DNA technol; do not confuse X ref METHIONYL HUMAN GROWTH HORMONE with methionyl bovine somatotropin called Sometribove

MS = An analog of SOMATROPIN containing an additional (methionyl) amino-acid residue. It may be produced in bacteria from recombinant DNA. This biosynthetic form of human growth hormone is given to children with pituitary dwarfism. (Reynolds JEF(Ed): Martindale: The Extra Pharmacopoeia (electronic version). Micromedex, Inc, Englewood, CO, 1995)

UI = D019381

 

Somatropin

AN = note X refs: do not confuse with SOMATOTROPIN, unspecified as to source

MS = Synthetic or naturally occuring growth hormone from the human pituitary gland. It is given to children with open epiphyses for the treatment of pituitary dwarfism. (From Reynolds JEF(Ed): Martindale: The Extra Pharmacopoeia (electronic version). Micromedex, Inc, Englewood, CO, 1995)

UI = D019382

 

Somites

AN = paired masses of mesoderm

MS = The paired, blocklike masses of mesoderm, arranged segmentally alongside the neural tube of the embryo, forming the vertebral column and segmental musculature. (Dorland, 28th ed)

UI = D019170

 

Songbirds

MS = Passeriformes of the suborder, Oscines, in which the flexor tendons of the toes are separate, and the lower syrinx has 4 to 9 pairs of tensor muscles inserted at both ends of the tracheal half rings. They include many commonly recognized birds such as crows, finches, robins, sparrows, and swallows.

UI = D020308

 

 

Sordariales

MS = An order of fungi in the phylum ASCOMYCOTA that includes many valuable experimental organisms. There are eight families and very few anamorphic forms.

UI = D020037

 

Soy Proteins

AN = a vegetable protein

MS = Proteins which are present in or isolated from soybeans.

UI = D019293

 

Space Motion Sickness

AN = caused by space flight

MS = Disorder characterized by nausea, vomiting, and dizziness, possibly in response to vestibular disorientation or fluid shifts associated with space flight. (From Webster's New World Dictionary)

UI = D018489

 

Space Simulation

AN = to test space systems or components by approximating the space environment

MS = An environment simulating one or more parameters of the space environment, applied in testing space systems or components. Often, a closed chamber is used, capable of approximating the vacuum and normal environments of space. (From NASA Thesaurus, 1988) This also includes simulated EXTRAVEHICULAR ACTIVITY studies in atmosphere exposure chambers or water tanks.

UI = D018561

 

Space Suits

AN = G SUITS is also available

MS = Pressure suits for wear in space or at very low ambient pressures within the atmosphere, designed to permit the wearer to leave the protection of a pressurized cabin. (NASA Thesaurus, 1994)

UI = D019442

 

Spacecraft

AN = manned or unmanned

MS = Devices, manned and unmanned, which are designed to be placed into an orbit about the Earth or into a trajectory to another celestial body. (NASA Thesaurus, 1988)

UI = D018531

 

Spastic Paraplegia, Hereditary

AN = do not use /congen & do not coord with INFANT, NEWBORN, DISEASES CATALOG: do not use /in inf

MS = An insidiously progressive inherited disorder (probably autosomal dominant) characterized by distal limb weakness. Stiffness of the legs in walking due to the spasticity marks the onset of the disorder. Peripheral sensory neurons may be affected in the later stages of the disease.

UI = D015419

 

Specialty Chemicals and Products

AN = avoid: too general; prefer specifics: DF: SPECIALTY CHEM PRODUCTS CATALOG: do not use

MS = Chemicals and chemical products used in a research, industrial, or household setting. Included here are the specific drug preparations, as well as the substances involved in the manufacture and stabilization of pharmaceutical preparations and agricultural agents.

UI = D008918

 

Spectinomycin

AN = an antibiotic

MS = (2R-(2 alpha,4a beta,5a beta,6 beta,7 beta,8 beta,9 alpha,9a alpha,10a beta))-Decahydro-4a,7,9-trihydroxy-2-methyl-6,8-bis(methylamino)-4H-pyrano(2,3-b)(1,4)benzodioxin-4-one. An antibiotic produced by Streptomyces spectabilis. It is active against gram-negative bacteria and used for the treatment of gonorrhea.

UI = D000198

 

Spectrometry, Mass, Fast Atom Bombardment

AN = a type of mass spectrum anal; NIM; DF: FABMS

MS = A mass spectrometric technique that is used for the analysis of a wide range of biomolecules, such as glycoalkaloids, glycoproteins, polysaccharides, and peptides. Positive and negative fast atom bombardment spectra are recorded on a mass spectrometer fitted with an atom gun with xenon as the customary beam. The mass spectra obtained contain molecular weight recognition as well as sequence information.

UI = D016339

 

Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization

AN = a type of mass spectrum anal; DF: note short X ref

MS = A mass spectrometric technique that is used for the analysis of large biomolecules. Analyte molecules are embedded in an excess matrix of small organic molecules that show a high resonant absorption at the laser wavelength used. The matrix absorbs the laser energy, thus inducing a soft disintegration of the sample-matrix mixture into free (gas phase) matrix and analyte molecules and molecular ions. In general, only molecular ions of the analyte molecules are produced, and almost no fragmentation occurs. This makes the method well suited for molecular weight determinations and mixture analysis.

UI = D019032

 

Spectrometry, Mass, Secondary Ion

AN = a type of mass spectrum anal; NIM; DF: note short X ref

MS = A mass-spectrometric technique that is used for microscopic chemical analysis. A beam of primary ions with an energy of 5-20 kiloelectronvolts (keV) bombards a small spot on the surface of the sample under ultra-high vacuum conditions. Positive and negative secondary ions sputtered from the surface are analyzed in a mass spectrometer in regards to their mass-to-charge ratio.

UI = D018629

 

Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared

AN = a type of spectrum anal; NIM; DF: note short X ref

MS = A spectroscopic technique in which a range of wavelengths is presented simultaneously with an interferometer and the spectrum is mathematically derived from the pattern thus obtained.

UI = D017550

 

Spectroscopy, Mossbauer

AN = a type of spectrum anal; NIM

MS = A spectroscopic technique which uses the Mossbauer effect (inelastic scattering of gamma radiation resulting from interaction with heavy nuclei) to monitor the small variations in the interaction between an atomic nucleus and its environment. Such variations may be induced by changes in temperature, pressure, chemical state, molecular conformation, molecular interaction, or physical site. It is particularly useful for studies of structure-activity relationship in metalloproteins, mobility of heavy metals, and the state of whole tissue and cell membranes.

UI = D015204

 

Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared

AN = a type of spectrum anal; DF: note short X ref

MS = A noninvasive technique that uses the differential absorption properties of hemoglobin and myoglobin to evaluate tissue oxygenation and indirectly can measure regional hemodynamics and blood flow. Near-infrared light (NIR) can propagate through tissues and at particular wavelengths is differentially absorbed by oxgenated vs. deoxygenated forms of hemoglobin and myoglobin. Illumination of intact tissue with NIR allows qualitative assessment of changes in the tissue concentration of these molecules. The analysis is also used to determine body composition.

UI = D019265

 

Spermidine Synthase

AN = do not confuse with SPERMINE SYNTHASE

MS = An enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of the propylamine moiety from 5'-deoxy-5'-S-(3-methylthiopropylamine)sulfonium adenosine to putrescine in the biosynthesis of spermidine. The enzyme has a molecular weight of approximately 73,000 kD and is composed of two subunits of equal size. EC 2.5.1.16.

UI = D011436

 

Sphenoid Sinusitis

MS = Inflammation of the sphenoid sinus. This condition usually is accompanied by pansinusitis and may present itself in an acute or chronic form.

UI = D015524

 

Spheroids

AN = usually refers to tumor cells: do not confuse with "spheroid bodies" referring to axons in neuropathol; A 11 qualif

MS = Spherical, heterogeneous aggregates of proliferating, quiescent, and necrotic cells in culture that retain three-dimensional architecture and tissue-specific functions. They represent an in-vitro model for studies of the biology of both normal and malignant cells. Generally the ability to form spheroids is a characteristic trait of malignant cells derived from solid tumors, though cells from normal tissues can also form spheroids. (From Bjerkvig, Spheroid Culture in Cancer Research, 1992, p4)

UI = D018874

 

Sphincterotomy, Endoscopic

AN = refers to Oddi's sphincter or Vater's ampulla only; do not use /util except by MeSH definition; coord with disease /surg, not /diag

MS = Incision of Oddi's sphincter or Vater's ampulla performed by inserting a sphincterotome through an endoscope (duodenoscope) often following retrograde cholangiography (CHOLANGIOPANCREATOGRAPHY, ENDOSCOPIC RETROGRADE). Endoscopic treatment by sphincterotomy is the preferred method of treatment for patients with retained or recurrent bile duct stones post-cholecystectomy, and for poor-surgical-risk patients that have the gallbladder still present.

UI = D016717

 

Sphygmomanometers

MS = Instruments for measuring arterial blood pressure consisting of an inflatable cuff, inflating bulb, and a gauge showing the blood pressure. (Stedman, 26th ed)

UI = D019722

 

Spices

AN = any part of plant used as seasoning

MS = The dried seeds, bark, root, stems, buds, leaves, or fruit of aromatic plants used to season food.

UI = D017365

 

Spin Trapping

AN = a method for detecting free radicals

MS = A technique for detecting short-lived reactive FREE RADICALS in biological systems by providing a nitrone or nitrose compound for an addition reaction to occur which produces an ELECTRON SPIN RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY-detectable aminoxyl radical. In spin trapping, the compound trapping the radical is called the spin trap and the addition product of the radical is identified as the spin adduct. (Free Rad Res Comm 1990;9(3-6):163)

UI = D019097

 

Spina Bifida Occulta

AN = a neural tube defect; do not use /congen & do not coord with INFANT, NEWBORN, DISEASES CATALOG: do not use /in inf

MS = Congenital midline defect of the vertebrae where there is incomplete fusion of the spinal canal but without protrusion of the cord or meninges.

UI = D016136

 

Spina Bifida Cystica

AN = a neural tube defect; do not use /congen & do not coord with INFANT, NEWBORN, DISEASES CATALOG: do not use /in inf

MS = Congenital midline defect of the vertebrae where there is incomplete fusion of the spinal canal and protrusion through the defect of the meninges (meningocele), spinal cord (myelocele), or both (meningomyelocele).

UI = D016137

 

Spinach

AN = as plant & food; selected qualif from Cat B6 & Cat J2

MS = A widely cultivated plant, Spinacia oleracea, native to Asia, having succulent, edible leaves eaten as a vegetable. (From American Heritage Dictionary, 1982)

UI = D018724

 

Spinal Dysraphism

AN = a neural tube defect; GEN or unspecified; prefer specifics; do not use /congen & do not coord with INFANT, NEWBORN, DISEASES CATALOG: do not use /in inf

MS = Developmental abnormalities of the dorsal median region in the embryo, involving ectoderm, mesoderm, and neuroectoderm in varying degrees. Dysraphism signifies incomplete fusion or malformation of a seam or junction. Spinal dysraphism includes all forms of spina bifida. The open form is called SPINA BIFIDA CYSTICA and the closed form is SPINA BIFIDA OCCULTA.

UI = D016135

 

Spinal Fractures

AN = coord IM with specific vertebrae /inj (IM)

MS = Broken bones in the vertebral column.

UI = D016103

 

Spiramycin

AN = a macrolide antibiotic & coccidiostat; do not use /biosyn unless by living matter

MS = A macrolide antibiotic produced by Streptomyces ambofaciens. The drug is effective against gram-positive aerobic pathogens, N. gonorrhoeae, and staphylococci. It is used to treat infections caused by bacteria and Toxoplasma gondii.

UI = D015572

 

Spiroplasmataceae

AN = "require sterols for growth"

MS = A family of bacteria consisting of helical cells that require sterols for growth.

UI = D016991

 

Spirurida

AN = an order of nematodes; do not confuse with the suborder SPIRURINA or the superfamily SPIRUROIDEA; infection = SPIRURIDA INFECTIONS

MS = An order of nematodes of the subclass SECERNENTEA. Characteristics include ventral or caudoventral papillae and an esophagus divided into anterior muscular and posterior glandular parts.

UI = D017174

 

Spirurida Infections

AN = protozoan infect

MS = Infections with nematodes of the order SPIRURIDA.

UI = D017205

 

Spirurina

AN = a suborder of nematodes; do not confuse with the order SPIRURIDA or the superfamily SPIRUROIDEA; infection: coord IM with SPIRURIDA INFECTIONS (IM)

MS = A suborder of nematodes characterized by larvae possessing cephalic hooks and multinucleated esophageal glands.

UI = D017177

 

Splenosis

AN = spontaneous intra-abdom transpl of spleen tissue to other tissue, usually after trauma

MS = The spontaneous transplantation of splenic tissue to unusual sites after open splenic trauma, e.g., after automobile accidents, gunshot or stab wounds. The splenic pulp implants appear as red-blue nodules on the peritoneum, omentum, and mesentery, morphologically similar to multifocal pelvic endometriosis. (Segen, Dictionary of Modern Medicine, 1992)

UI = D017890

 

Spliceosomes

AN = organelles in which splicing of mRNA occurs; A 11 qualif except /cytol; /genet permitted

MS = Organelles in which the splicing and excision reactions that remove introns from precursor messenger RNA molecules occur. One component of a spliceosome is five small nuclear RNA molecules (U1, U2, U4, U5, U6) that, working in conjunction with proteins, help to fold pieces of RNA into the right shapes and later splice them into the message.

UI = D017381

 

Spodoptera

AN = a genus of moths; /microbiol /parasitol permitted; do not use /drug eff for insecticides: TN 111

MS = A genus of owlet moths of the family Noctuidae. These insects are used in molecular biology studies during all stages of their life cycle.

UI = D018411

 

Spontaneous Combustion

AN = material or human: read MeSH definition; only /hist

MS = A circumstance where a substance or organism takes fire and burns without an exogenous source. Spontaneous human combustion differs from preternatural human combustibility in that in the latter, some spark or trivial flame sets the fire and the body tissues, which have a greatly enhanced inflammability, continue to undergo incineration without any external heat source or combustible materials. (Bergman NA. Spontaneous human combustion: its role in literature and science. Pharos 1988;Fall;51(4):18-21)

UI = D018605

 

Sporadotrichina

AN = a suborder of ciliate protozoa

MS = A suborder of ciliate protozoa having a body that is commonly oval to elliptical in shape. Most species are free-living in widely diverse habitats.

UI = D016811

 

Sporozoea Infections

AN = protozoan infect; GEN: prefer specifics

MS = Infections with protozoa of the class SPOROZOEA.

UI = D016777

 

Sports Equipment

AN = coord IM with specific sport (IM); for protective equipment coord with PROTECTIVE DEVICES (IM) or specific protective device (IM)

MS = Equipment required for engaging in a sport (such as balls, bats, rackets, skis, skates, ropes, weights) and devices for the protection of athletes during their performance (such as masks, gloves, mouth pieces).

UI = D019876

 

Spouses

AN = husbands, wives, or partners as persons: differentiate from MARRIAGE, the sociol or anthropol concept

MS = Married persons, i.e., husbands and wives, or partners. Domestic partners, or spousal equivalents, are two adults who have chosen to share their lives in an intimate and committed relationship, reside together, and share a mutual obligation of support for the basic necessities of life.

UI = D018454

 

Spumavirus

AN = a genus of the family Retroviridae; from Latin spuma, foam, with reference to its foamy or lacy appearance; infection: coord IM with RETROVIRIDAE INFECTIONS (IM)

MS = Genus of non-oncogenic retroviruses which establish persistent infections in many animal species but are considered non-pathogenic. Its organisms have been isolated from primates (including man), cattle, cats, hamsters, and sea lions. Spumaviruses have a foamy or lace-like appearance and are often accompanied by syncytium formation. Human spumavirus is the type species.

UI = D016092

 

Solar System

AN = no qualif; METEOROIDS is available: see MeSH definition there

MS = The group of celestial bodies, including the EARTH, orbiting around and gravitationally bound by the sun. It includes nine planets, 34 natural satellites, more than 1,000 observed comets, and thousands of lesser bodies known as MINOR PLANETS (asteroids) and METEOROIDS. (From Academic American Encyclopedia, 1983)

UI = D016082

 

Sorption Detoxification

AN = do not use /util except by MeSH definition; DF: SORPTION DETOX

MS = Elimination of toxic or biologically active substances from body fluids by interaction with a sorbent medium. The types of media include absorbents, adsorbents, ion-exchange materials, and complexing agents. Detoxification can be extracorporeal (hemodialysis, hemofiltration, hemoperfusion, plasmapheresis), or occur inside the body (enterosorption, peritoneal dialysis).

UI = D016060

 

Southeastern United States

AN = includes Ala, Ark, Fla, Ga, La, Miss, N Carolina, S Carolina, W Virginia, Virginia; specify as needed but use SOUTHEASTERN UNITED STATES when text uses the term; DF: note short X ref CATALOG: use for 4 or more states

MS = The geographic area of the southeastern region of the United States in general or when the specific state or states are not included. The states usually included in this region are Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, West Virginia, and Virginia.

UI = D015144

 

Southwestern United States

AN = includes Ariz, Calif, Colo, Nev, N Mex, Tex, Utah; specify as needed but use SOUTHWESTERN UNITED STATES when text uses the term; DF: note short X ref CATALOG: use for 4 or more states

MS = The geographic area of the southwestern region of the United States. The states usually included in this region are Arizona, California, Colorado, Nevada, New Mexico, Texas, and Utah.

UI = D015206

 

src-Family Kinases

AN = for src see MeSH definition at GENES, SRC

MS = Family of non-receptor protein-tyrosine kinases homologous to src. They are closely related intracellular enzymes that participate in signal transduction pathways in a variety of hemopoietic cells and especially their surface receptors. EC 2.7.1.-.

UI = D019061

 

src Homology Domains

AN = regions of amino acid sequence homology; src stands for "SaRComa": see definition of GENES, SRC; DF: SRC HOMOL DOMAINS

MS = Regions of sequence similarity in the src family of cytoplasmic tyrosine kinases. The SH1 domain is a catalytic domain. SH2 and SH3 domains are protein-binding domains. SH2 usually binds phosphotyrosine-containing proteins and SH3 interacts with cytoskeletal proteins.

UI = D018909

 

Statistical Distributions

AN = how many or what proportion of a group has a given value: read MeSH definition; GEN or unspecified: prefer specifics; IM; coord with subject of data /epidemiol or /statist (IM); DF: STATIST DISTRIBUTIONS

MS = The complete summaries of the frequencies of the values or categories of a measurement made on a group of items, a population, or other collection of data. The distribution tells either how many or what proportion of the group was found to have each value (or each range of values) out of all the possible values that the quantitative measure can have.

UI = D016008

 

Statistics [Publication Type]

MS = Presentations of numerical data on particular subjects.

UI = D020500

 

Statistics, Nonparametric

AN = IM GEN only; coord NIM with specific disease /epidemiol (IM) or specific non-disease term /statist (IM); no qualif

MS = A class of statistical methods applicable to a large set of probability distributions used to test for correlation, location, independence, etc. In most nonparametric statistical tests, the original scores or observations are replaced by another variable containing less information. An important class of nonparametric tests employs the ordinal properties of the data. Another class of tests uses information about whether an observation is above or below some fixed value such as the median, and a third class is based on the frequency of the occurrence of runs in the data. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed, p1284; Corsini, Concise Encyclopedia of Psychology, 1987, p764-5)

UI = D018709

 

Staurosporine

AN = an alkaloid from various species of Streptomyces; a protein kinase inhib

MS = A potent protein kinase C inhibitor that enhances cAMP-mediated responses in human neuroblastoma cells. (Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1995;214(3):1114-20)

UI = D019311

 

Stavudine

AN = anti-HIV activity; DF: note short X ref

MS = A dideoxynucleoside analog that inhibits reverse transcriptase and has in vitro activity against HIV.

UI = D018119

 

Stem Cell Factor

AN = a hematopoietic cell growth factor

MS = Hematopoietic growth factor and the ligand of the c-kit receptor CD117 (PROTO-ONCOGENE PROTEINS C-KIT). It is expressed during embryogenesis and provides a key signal in multiple aspects of mast-cell differentiation and function.

UI = D019089

 

Stents

AN = do not use /util except by MeSH definition

MS = Devices that provide support for tubular structures that are being anastomosed or for body cavities during skin grafting.

UI = D015607

 

Stereotypic Movement Disorder

MS = Motor behavior that is repetitive, often seemingly driven, and nonfunctional. This behavior markedly interferes with normal activities or results in severe bodily self-injury. The behavior is not due to the direct physiological effects of a substance or a general medical condition. (DSM-IV, 1994)

UI = D019956

 

Sterol O-Acyltransferase

MS = An enzyme that catalyzes the formation of cholesterol esters by the direct transfer of the fatty acid group from a fatty acyl CoA derivative. This enzyme has been found in the adrenal gland, gonads, liver, intestinal mucosa, and aorta of many mammalian species. EC 2.3.1.26.

UI = D002785

 

Stethoscopes

AN = in hist & modern texts

MS = Instruments for performing mediate auscultation (between the ear and the part being examined), invented in 1819 by Laennec. While originally used to detect chest (Greek stethos) sounds, the stethoscope can be used in the detection of arterial, venous, fetal, intestinal, and other sounds by the observer's ear. (From Dorland, 28th ed & Garrison, An Introduction to the History of Medicine, 4th ed, p411)

UI = D019023

 

Stiff-Man Syndrome

AN = autoimmune neuromusc dis with progressive rigidity

MS = Rare central nervous system disorder of unknown etiology characterized by progressive rigidity and painful spasms of the axial and limb musculature. Diagnosis is based on the appropriate clinical signs, continuous motor activity on electromyography, and significant favorable response to diazepam. It has been suggested that the syndrome may result from an imbalance between the GABA-ergic and catecholaminergic pathways that control motor unit activity; the imbalance may be caused by autoantibodies against glutamic acid decarboxylase.

UI = D016750

 

Stifle

AN = in quadrupeds, corresponds to the human knee

MS = In horses, cattle, and other quadrupeds, the joint between the femur and the tibia, corresponding to the human knee.

UI = D013264

 

Stigmasterol

AN = called "anti-stiffness factor"

UI = D013265

 

Stilbamidines

AN = trypanocides

UI = D013266

 

Stilbenes

MS = Organic compounds that contain 1,2-diphenylethylene as a functional group.

UI = D013267

 

Still's Disease, Adult-Onset

AN = a type of rheum arthritis; do not confuse with STILL'S DISEASE, JUVENILE-ONSET see ARTHRITIS, JUVENILE RHEUMATOID CATALOG: do not use /in inf ( = ARTHRITIS, JUVENILE RHEUMATOID)

MS = Systemic-onset rheumatoid arthritis in adults. It differs from classical rheumatoid arthritis in that it is more often marked by acute febrile onset, and generalized lymphadenopathy and hepatosplenomegaly are more prominent.

UI = D016706

 

Stimulants (Historical)

AN = hist articles & hist contexts only: do not confuse with CNS, ganglionic or cardiac stimulants; D25-26 qualif

MS = Agents or remedies that historically have produced stimulation or excited functional activity. (From Dorland, 27th ed)

UI = D018758

 

STLV

AN = a species of the genus HTLV-BLV Viruses; from Simian T-Lymphotropic Virus; infection: coord IM with HTLV-BLV INFECTIONS (IM)

MS = A simian HTLV-BLV VIRUS species closely related to the human HTLV-I virus. The clinical, hematological, and histopathological characteristics of the disease in STLV-infected monkeys are very similar to those of human adult T-cell leukemia. Subgroups include the African green monkey subtype (STLV-I-AGM), for which the nucleotide sequence is 95% homologous with that of the HTLV-I virus, and the Asian rhesus macaque subtype (STLV-I-MM), for which the nucleotide sequence is 90% homologous with that of the HTLV-I virus.

UI = D015303

 

Stimulation, Chemical

AN = NIM; no qualif; TN 49: definition & use as NIM

UI = D013268

 

Stochastic Processes

AN = IM GEN only; coord NIM with specific disease or other concept (IM); no qualif; specify geog if pertinent

MS = Processes that incorporate some element of randomness, used particularly to refer to a time series of random variables.

UI = D013269

 

Stomach

AN = /blood supply: gastric varix or varices = ESOPHAGEAL AND GASTRIC VARICES & see note there; perforation = STOMACH /inj, not STOMACH RUPTURE; gastric secretion = GASTRIC JUICE /secret or GASTRIC MUCOSA /secret, not STOMACH /secret; stomach secretes GASTRIN, HYDROCHLORIC ACID, GASTRIC (see GASTRIC ACID), INTRINSIC FACTOR & PEPSINOGENS; /surg: consider also GASTRECTOMY, GASTROENTEROSTOMY & GASTROSTOMY; inflammation = GASTRITIS; Heidenhain pouch: index STOMACH /physiol; gastric hyperacidity: index under GASTRIC ACID /secret; mucosal prolapse = GASTRIC MUCOSA (IM) + STOMACH DISEASES (NIM) + PROLAPSE; many parts of STOMACH are available

MS = The musculomembranous expansion of the alimentary canal between the esophagus and the duodenum. (Dorland, 27th ed)

UI = D013270

 

Stomach Dilatation

MS = Distention of the stomach with retained secretions, food, and/or gas due to obstruction, ileus, or denervation. (Dorland, 27th ed)

UI = D013271

 

Stomach Diseases

AN = GEN; inflamm dis = GASTRITIS; gastric varix or varices = ESOPHAGEAL AND GASTRIC VARICES & see note there

UI = D013272

 

Stomach Diverticulum

AN = single or multiple; inflamm divertic or diverticulitis: coord IM with DIVERTICULITIS (NIM)

MS = Saccular, outward protrusion of a portion of the mucous membrane of the stomach wall.

UI = D013273

 

Stomach Neoplasms

AN = /blood supply /chem /second /secret /ultrastruct permitted; coord IM with histol type of neopl (IM); neopl of ruminant stomach or its parts: coord STOMACH, RUMINANT or indention (IM) with STOMACH NEOPLASMS /vet (IM) + histol type of neopl /vet (IM)

UI = D013274

 

Stomach Rupture

AN = traumatic or spontaneous; if spontaneous coord IM with RUPTURE, SPONTANEOUS (NIM); differentiate from traumatic stomach perforation ( = STOMACH /inj)

UI = D013275

 

Stomach Ulcer

AN = perforated = STOMACH ULCER /compl (IM) + PEPTIC ULCER PERFORATION (IM); hemorrhage = STOMACH ULCER /compl (IM) + PEPTIC ULCER HEMORRHAGE (IM); "gastroduodenal ulcer" = GASTRODUODENAL ULCER see PEPTIC ULCER

MS = Ulceration of the mucous membrane of the stomach. (From Dorland, 28th ed)

UI = D013276

 

Stomach Volvulus

AN = twisting of the stomach

MS = Twisting of the stomach that may result in obstruction and impairment of the blood supply to the organ. It can occur in paraesophageal hernia and occasionally in eventration of the diaphragm. (Stedman, 25th ed)

UI = D013277

 

Stomach, Avian

AN = dis: coord IM with STOMACH DISEASES /vet (IM); neopl: coord IM with STOMACH NEOPLASMS /vet (IM) + histol type (IM); Manual 24.6.4.1

UI = D013278

 

Stomach, Ruminant

AN = dis: coord IM with STOMACH DISEASES /vet (IM); neopl: coord IM with STOMACH NEOPLASMS /vet (IM) + histol type (IM); ulcer: coord IM with STOMACH ULCER /vet (IM); Manual 24.6.4.1

UI = D013279

 

Stomas

AN = surgically-created opening; coord IM with organ /surg (IM) or surg procedure (IM) or organ /surg (IM) if proced is not available

MS = Artificial openings between two cavities or canals, or between such and the surface of the body. (Stedman, 26th ed)

UI = D019740

 

Stomatitis

AN = inflamm of oral mucosa; mycotic stomatitis = CANDIDIASIS, ORAL; mucositis: coord IM with MOUTH MUCOSA (NIM)

MS = Inflammation of the oral mucosa, due to local or systemic factors, which may involve the buccal and labial mucosa, palate, tongue, floor of the mouth, and the gingivae. (Dorland, 27th ed)

UI = D013280

 

Stomatitis, Aphthous

AN = do not confuse X refs ULCER, APHTHOUS or CANKER SORE with "oral ulcers" ( = ORAL ULCER )

MS = A recurrent disease of the oral mucosa of unknown etiology. It is characterized by small white ulcerative lesions, single or multiple, round or oval. Two to eight crops of lesions occur per year, lasting for 7 to 14 days and then heal without scarring. (From Jablonski's Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992, p742)

UI = D013281

 

Stomatitis, Denture

AN = coord with specific denture /adv eff; unspecified mycotic denture-sore mouth: coord IM with CANDIDIASIS, ORAL (IM)

MS = Inflammation of the mouth due to denture irritation.

UI = D013282

 

Stomatitis, Herpetic

AN = Herpes simplex virus infect of the mouth; "cold sore" & "fever blister" of the mouth go here but of the lips & nares = HERPES LABIALIS

MS = Stomatitis caused by Herpesvirus hominis. It usually occurs as acute herpetic stomatitis (or gingivostomatitis), an oral manifestation of primary herpes simplex seen primarily in children and adolescents.

UI = D013283

 

Stomatognathic Diseases

AN = includes dis of mouth, teeth, jaws & pharynx; GEN: prefer specifics; index here for "stomatol dis" of foreign lit

MS = General or unspecified diseases of the stomatognathic system, comprising the mouth, teeth, jaws, and pharynx.

UI = D009057

 

Stomatognathic System

AN = includes mouth, teeth, jaws & pharynx; GEN: prefer specifics

MS = The mouth, teeth, jaws, pharynx, and related structures as they relate to mastication, deglutition, and speech.

UI = D013284

 

Stomatognathic System Abnormalities

AN = for congen struct abnorm only; GEN or unspecified; prefer specifics or specific organ /abnorm; do not use /congen & do not coord with INFANT, NEWBORN, DISEASES; DF: STOMATOGNATHIC SYSTEM ABNORM CATALOG: do not use /in inf

MS = Congenital structural abnormalities of the mouth and jaws, including the dentition.

UI = D018640

 

Strabismus

AN = disord of ocular motility

MS = A condition in which the visual axes of each eye are not directed simultaneously to the same fixation point. This condition may be due to paralysis in which one or more muscles is weakened or to a nonparalytic form in which there is no primary muscle impairment.

UI = D013285

 

Stramonium

AN = as a very toxic plant & drug

MS = One of the very toxic Solanaceae, Datura stramonium, also called thornapple and jimsonweed. It contains the same alkaloids as in Belladonna and causes toxicity to cattle and other grazers.

UI = D013286

 

Street Drugs

AN = /econ /legis permitted; coord IM with specific drug or chemical (IM); CRACK COCAINE is available

MS = Drugs obtained and often manufactured illegally for the subjective effects they are said to produce. They are often distributed in urban areas, but are also available in suburban and rural areas, and tend to be grossly impure and may cause unexpected toxicity.

UI = D013287

 

Strepsirhini

AN = suborder of primates; IM; qualif permitted

MS = A suborder of PRIMATES consisting of the following five families: CHEIROGALEIDAE, Daubentoniidae, Indriidae, LEMURIDAE, and LORISIDAE.

UI = D011443

 

Streptavidin

MS = A 60kD extracellular protein of Streptomyces avidinii with four high-affinity biotin binding sites. Unlike AVIDIN, streptavidin has a near neutral isoelectric point and is free of carbohydrate side chains.

UI = D019809

 

Streptobacillus

AN = infection: coord IM with GRAM-NEGATIVE BACTERIAL INFECTIONS (IM) or RAT-BITE FEVER (IM) (see MeSH definition)

MS = A genus of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria that require serum, ascitic fluid, or blood for growth. Its organisms inhabit the throat and nasopharynx of wild and laboratory rats and cause one form of RAT-BITE FEVER in man.

UI = D013288

 

Streptococcaceae

AN = DF: do not abbreviate since it would conflict with DF for STREPTOCOCCUS

MS = Gram-positive non-sporing bacteria including many parasitic, pathogenic, and saprophytic forms.

UI = D013289

 

Streptococcal Infections

AN = gram-pos bact infect; coord IM with species (IM); DF: STREP INFECT

MS = Infections with bacteria of the genus STREPTOCOCCUS.

UI = D013290

 

Streptococcus

AN = GEN or unspecified; prefer specifics; hemolytic streptococci = STREPTOCOCCUS unless specified in text as S. pyogenes, S. agalactiae, etc.; group A = STREPTOCOCCUS PYOGENES; B = STREPTOCOCCUS AGALACTIAE; D = ENTEROCOCCUS FAECALIS, ENTEROCOCCUS FAECIUM, STREPTOCOCCUS BOVIS, S. equinus (index under STREPTOCOCCUS); N = LACTOCOCCUS LACTIS; groups E, L, M, O, R, S go under STREPTOCOCCUS; infection = STREPTOCOCCAL INFECTIONS; DF: STREP

MS = A genus of gram-positive, coccoid bacteria whose organisms occur in pairs or chains. No endospores are produced. Many species exist as commensals or parasites on man or animals with some being highly pathogenic. A few species are saprophytes and occur in the natural environment.

UI = D013291

 

Streptococcus agalactiae

AN = infection: coord IM with STREPTOCOCCAL INFECTIONS (IM); DF: STREP AGALACTIAE

MS = A bacterium which causes mastitis in cattle and occasionally in man.

UI = D013292

 

Streptococcus bovis

AN = rumen bacterium; sometimes in human endocarditis; infection: coord IM with STREPTOCOCCAL INFECTIONS (IM); DF: STREP BOVIS

MS = A species of gram-positive, coccoid bacteria commonly found in the alimentary tract of cows, sheep, and other ruminants. It occasionally is encountered in cases of human endocarditis. This species is nonhemolytic.

UI = D016985

 

Streptococcus equi

AN = infection: coord IM with STREPTOCOCCAL INFECTIONS (IM); DF: STREP EQUI

MS = A species of gram-positive, coccoid bacteria isolated from abscesses in submaxillary glands and mucopurulent discharges of the upper respiratory tract of horses. This organism belongs to Group C streptococci with regards to antigen response and is known to cause strangles. The subspecies S. zooepidemicus is also considered a pathogen of horses.

UI = D018502

 

Streptococcus mutans

AN = found in dental plaque; DF: STREP MUTANS

MS = A polysaccharide-producing species of STREPTOCOCCUS isolated from human dental plaque.

UI = D013295

 

Streptococcus oralis

AN = infection: coord IM with STREPTOCOCCAL INFECTIONS (IM); DF: STREP ORALIS

MS = A species of gram-positive, coccoid bacteria that is numerous in the mouth and throat. It is a common cause of endocarditis and is also implicated in dental plaque formation.

UI = D019533

 

Streptococcus Phages

AN = coord IM with specific Streptococcus (NIM)

MS = Viruses whose host is Streptococcus.

UI = D017108

 

Streptococcus pneumoniae

AN = infection = PNEUMOCOCCAL INFECTIONS & do not coord with STREPTOCOCCUS PNEUMONIAE; consider also PNEUMONIA, PNEUMOCOCCAL; DF: STREP PNEUMONIAE

MS = A gram-positive organism found in the upper respiratory tract, inflammatory exudates, and various body fluids of normal and/or diseased humans and, rarely, domestic animals.

UI = D013296

 

Streptococcus pyogenes

AN = infection: coord IM with STREPTOCOCCAL INFECTIONS (IM); note X ref: consider also FASCIITIS, NECROTIZING; DF: STREP PYOGENES

MS = A species of gram-positive, coccoid bacteria isolated from skin lesions, blood, inflammatory exudates, and the upper respiratory tract of humans. It is a group A hemolytic Streptococcus that can cause SCARLET FEVER and RHEUMATIC FEVER. Unlike the docile strains that cause strep throat, however, the virulent strains penetrate deep into the body, with catastrophic results. It has been demonstrated that invasive streptococcus A infections can trigger a toxic shock syndrome, chew up muscle (MYOSITIS), or destroy the sheath that covers the muscle (FASCIITIS, NECROTIZING).

UI = D013297

 

Streptococcus sanguis

AN = infection: coord IM with STREPTOCOCCAL INFECTIONS (IM); DF: STREP SANGUIS

MS = A gram-positive organism found in dental plaque, in blood, on heart valves in subacute endocarditis, and infrequently in saliva and throat specimens. L-forms are associated with recurrent aphthous stomatitis.

UI = D013298

 

Streptococcus sobrinus

AN = a cariogenic bacterium on human teeth; infection: coord IM with STREPTOCOCCAL INFECTIONS (IM); DF: STREP SOBRINUS

MS = A species of gram-positive, coccoid bacteria isolated from the human tooth surface. Strains have been shown to be cariogenic in experimental animals and may be associated with human dental caries.

UI = D016986

 

Streptococcus suis

AN = pathogenic for swine; infection: coord IM with STREPTOCOCCAL INFECTIONS (IM); DF: STREP SUIS

MS = A species of STREPTOCOCCUS isolated from pigs. It is a pathogen of swine but rarely occurs in humans.

UI = D017011

 

Streptodornase and Streptokinase

AN = a pharm prep as ther agent combining both enzymes in a single dosage form; do not confuse with STREPTODORNASE see DEOXYRIBONUCLEASE I nor with STREPTOKINASE

MS = A mixture of the enzymes (streptokinase and streptodornase) produced by hemolytic streptococci. It is used topically on surface lesions and by instillation in closed body cavities to remove clotted blood or fibrinous or purulent accumulations. It is also used as a skin test antigen in evaluating generalized cell-mediated immunodeficiency. (Dorland, 27th ed) EC 3.-.

UI = D013299

 

Streptokinase

AN = an enzyme; see note on STREPTODORNASE AND STREPTOKINASE

MS = Streptococcal fibrinolysin . An enzyme produced by hemolytic streptococci. It hydrolyzes amide linkages and serves as an activator of plasminogen. It is used in thrombolytic therapy and is used also in mixtures with streptodornase (STREPTODORNASE AND STREPTOKINASE). EC 3.4.-.

UI = D013300

 

Streptolysins

AN = /antag permitted but consider also ANTISTREPTOLYSIN

MS = Exotoxins produced by certain strains of streptococci, particularly those of group A, that lyse red blood cells. (Dorland, 28th ed)

UI = D013301

 

Streptomyces

AN = the bacterium that produces many antibiotics

MS = A genus of bacteria that form a nonfragmented aerial mycelium. Many species have been identified with some being pathogenic. This genus is responsible for producing a majority of the antibiotics of practical value.

UI = D013302

 

Streptomyces antibioticus

AN = yields oleandomycin

MS = An actinomycete from which the antibiotic OLEANDOMYCIN is obtained.

UI = D013303

 

Streptomyces aureofaciens

AN = yields chlortetracycline

MS = An actinomycete from which the antibiotic CHLORTETRACYCLINE is obtained.

UI = D013304

 

Streptomyces griseus

AN = yields streptomycin, candicidin & grisein

MS = An actinomycete from which the antibiotics STREPTOMYCIN, grisein, and CANDICIDIN are obtained.

UI = D013305

 

Streptomycetaceae

AN = soil bacteria

MS = A family of soil bacteria. It also includes some parasitic forms.

UI = D013306

 

Streptomycin

AN = an aminoglycoside antituberc antibiotic

MS = O-2-Deoxy-2-(methylamino)-alpha-L-glucopyranosyl-(1-2)-O-5- deoxy-3-C-formyl-alpha-L-lyxofuranosyl-(1-4)-N,N'-bis- (aminoiminomethyl)-D-streptamine. Antibiotic substance produced by the soil actinomycete Streptomyces griseus. It acts by inhibiting the initiation and elongation processes during protein synthesis.

UI = D013307

 

Streptonigrin

AN = an antineoplastic antibiotic

MS = Complex cytotoxic antibiotic obtained from Streptomyces flocculus or S. rufochronmogenus. It is used in advanced carcinoma and causes leukopenia.

UI = D013308

 

Streptothricins

MS = A group of antibiotic substances produced by Streptomyces variants. They are composed of an aminosugar and different polypeptide chains and may have broad spectrum antimicrobial and some antiviral properties.

UI = D013309

 

Streptovaricin

AN = an antineoplastic antibiotic

MS = A complex of ansamycin antibiotics consisting of streptovaricins A, B, C, D, E, F, G, J, and K of which streptovaricin C is the major component. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)

UI = D013310

 

Streptozocin

AN = an antineoplastic aminoglycoside antibiotic

MS = An antibiotic that is produced by Stretomyces achromogenes. It is used as an antineoplastic agent and to induce diabetes in experimental animals.

UI = D013311

 

Stress

AN = includes "aggressology" (French: agressologie) & the French "agression"; stress ulcer: index under PEPTIC ULCER or specific (IM) + STRESS or STRESS, PSYCHOLOGICAL (IM or NIM)

MS = The sum of the biological reactions to any adverse stimulus, physical, mental, or emotional, internal or external, that tends to disturb the organism's homeostasis. Should these compensating reactions be inadequate or inappropriate, they may lead to disorders. The term is also used to refer to the stimuli that elicit the reactions. (Dorland, 27th ed)

UI = D013312

 

Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic

AN = COMBAT DISORDERS is also available

MS = Anxiety disorders manifested by the development of characteristic symptoms following a psychologically traumatic event that is outside the normal range of usual human experience. Symptoms include re-experiencing the traumatic event and numbing of responsiveness to or reduced involvement with the external world.

UI = D013313

 

Stress, Mechanical

AN = NIM; no qualif; see MeSH definition: does not refer to stress response to mechanical stimuli such as vibration ( = STRESS + VIBRATION, not STRESS, MECHANICAL)

MS = A purely physical condition which exists within any material because of strain or deformation by external forces or by non-uniform thermal expansion; expressed quantitatively in units of force per unit area.

UI = D013314

 

Stress, Psychological

AN = human & animal; coord IM with type of stress if relevant (IM or NIM); use Cat F3 qualif; "stressful events" is indexed under LIFE CHANGE EVENTS (restrict to humans) but note LIFE STRESS goes here; stress ulcer: index under PEPTIC ULCER or specific (IM) + STRESS, PSYCHOLOGICAL or STRESS (IM or NIM); DF: STRESS PSYCHOL

MS = Stress wherein emotional factors predominate.

UI = D013315

 

Stria Vascularis

MS = A layer of highly vascular pigmented granular cells on the outer wall of the cochlear duct.

UI = D013316

 

Strikes, Employee

AN = DF: STRIKES

MS = Work-related situations in which the employees as a group refuse to work until certain conditions of employment are granted by the employer.

UI = D013317

 

Stroke Volume

MS = The amount of blood pumped out of the heart per beat not to be confused with cardiac output (volume/time).

UI = D013318

 

Stromal Cells

AN = connective tissue cells; NIM; coord with organ /cytol (IM)

MS = Connective tissue cells of an organ found in the loose connective tissue. These are most often associated with the uterine mucosa and the ovary as well as the hematopoietic system and elsewhere.

UI = D017154

 

Stromelysin 1

AN = a metalloproteinase from vertebrate tissue

MS = An extracellular endopeptidase of vertebrate tissues homologous with interstitial collagenase. It digests proteoglycan, fibronectin, collagen types III, IV, V, and IX, and activates procollagenase. (Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992) EC 3.4.24.17.

UI = D019278

 

Strongyle Infections, Equine

AN = nematode infect; don't forget also HORSES (NIM) & check tag ANIMAL; for organism coord IM with STRONGYLUS (NIM) or other genus of superfamily STRONGYLOIDEA & its taxonomic families (NIM)

MS = Infection of horses with parasitic nematodes of the superfamily STRONGYLOIDEA. Characteristics include the development of hemorrhagic nodules on the abdominal peritoneum.

UI = D013319

 

Strongylida

AN = an order of nematodes: do not confuse with STRONGYLOIDEA, a superfamily; infection = STRONGYLIDA INFECTIONS

MS = An order of nematodes of the subclass SECERNENTEA. Characteristics include an H-shaped excretory system with two subventral glands.

UI = D017183

 

Strongylida Infections

AN = nematode infect

MS = Infections with nematodes of the order STRONGYLIDA.

UI = D017206

 

Strongyloidea

AN = a superfamily of nematodes: do not confuse with STRONGYLIDA, an order; infection: coord IM with STRONGYLIDA INFECTIONS (IM); for antigens, coord with ANTIGENS, HELMINTH, for antibodies, coord with ANTIBODIES, HELMINTH

MS = A superfamily of strongyles or roundworms which are parasites in the intestinal tract of equines, pigs, rodents, and primates (including man). It includes the genera Cyasthostomum, Ransomus, Globocephalus, OESOPHAGOSTOMUM, and STRONGYLUS.

UI = D013320

 

Strongyloides

AN = a genus of nematodes; do not confuse with STRONGYLOIDEA; infection = STRONGYLOIDIASIS; for antigens, coord with ANTIGENS, HELMINTH, for antibodies, coord with ANTIBODIES, HELMINTH

MS = A genus of parasitic nematodes widely distributed as intestinal parasites of mammals.

UI = D013321

 

Strongyloides ratti

AN = a species of nematode; infection: coord IM with STRONGYLOIDIASIS (IM); for antigens, coord with ANTIGENS, HELMINTH, for antibodies, coord with ANTIBODIES, HELMINTH

MS = A species of parasitic nematode found in rats.

UI = D017170

 

Strongyloides stercoralis

AN = a species of nematode; infection: coord IM with STRONGYLOIDIASIS (IM); for antigens, coord with ANTIGENS, HELMINTH, for antibodies, coord with ANTIBODIES, HELMINTH

MS = A species of parasitic nematode widely distributed in tropical and subtropical countries. The females and their larvae inhabit the mucosa of the intestinal tract, where they cause ulceration and diarrhea.

UI = D017171

 

Strongyloidiasis

AN = nematode infect caused by STRONGYLOIDES, not STRONGYLOIDEA

MS = Infection with nematodes of the genus STRONGYLOIDES. The presence of larvae may produce pneumonitis and the presence of adult worms in the intestine could lead to moderate to severe diarrhea.

UI = D013322

 

Strongylus

AN = a genus of nematodes; infection: coord IM with STRONGYLIDA INFECTIONS (IM); for antigens, coord with ANTIGENS, HELMINTH, for antibodies, coord with ANTIBODIES, HELMINTH

MS = A genus of intestinal parasitic nematodes occurring in animals and man.

UI = D013323

 

Strontium

AN = an alkaline earth metal; Sr-88

MS = An element of the alkaline earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Sr, atomic number 38, and atomic weight 87.62.

UI = D013324

 

Strontium Isotopes

AN = Sr-84,86,87; NIM; no qualif

MS = Stable strontium atoms that have the same atomic number as the element strontium, but differ in the atomic weight. Sr-84, 86, 87, and 88 are the stable strontium isotopes.

UI = D013325

 

Strontium Radioisotopes

AN = Sr-80-83, 85, 89-95; NIM; /blood-csf-urine /metab permitted but not for tracer studies ( = /diag use)

MS = Unstable isotopes of strontium that decay or disintegrate spontaneously emitting radiation. Sr 80-83, 85, and 89-95 are radioactive strontium isotopes.

UI = D013326

 

Strophanthidin

AN = a cardioactive agent

MS = 3 beta,5,14-Trihydroxy-19-oxo-5 beta-card-20(22)-enolide. The aglycone cardioactive agent isolated from Strophanthus Kombe, S. gratus and other species; it is a very toxic material formerly used as digitalis. Synonyms: Apocymarin; Corchorin; Cynotoxin; Corchorgenin.

UI = D013327

 

Strophanthins

AN = cardiac glycosides

MS = A number of different cardioactive glycosides obtained from Strophanthus species. OUABAIN is from S. gratus and CYMARINE from S. kombe. They are used like the digitalis glycosides.

UI = D013328

 

Structure-Activity Relationship

AN = NIM with specific drug IM; no qualif; DF: STRUCT ACTIV RELAT

MS = The relationship between the chemical structure of a compound and its biological or pharmacological activity. Compounds are often classed together because they have structural characteristics in common including shape, size, stereochemical arrangement, and distribution of functional groups. Other factors contributing to structure-activity relationship include chemical reactivity, electronic effects, resonance, and inductive effects.

UI = D013329

 

Struma Ovarii

AN = benign or malignant; /blood supply /chem /second /secret /ultrastruct permitted; coord IM with OVARIAN NEOPLASMS (IM); struma carcinoid = STRUMA OVARII (IM) + CARCINOID TUMOR (IM) + OVARIAN NEOPLASMS (IM)

MS = A rare teratoid tumor of the ovary composed almost entirely of thyroid tissue, with large follicles containing abundant colloid. Occasionally there are symptoms of hyperthyroidism. 5-10% of struma ovarii become malignant, the only absolute criterion for which is the presence of metastasis. (Dorland, 27th ed; Segen, Dictionary of Modern Medicine, 1992)

UI = D013330

 

Strychnine

AN = a poisonous alkaloid from Strychnos nux-vomica (note X ref); a convulsant

MS = An alkaloid found in the seeds of nux vomica. It is a competitive antagonist at glycine receptors and thus a convulsant. It has been used as an analeptic, in the treatment of nonketotic hyperglycinemia and sleep apnea, and as a rat poison.

UI = D013331

 

Student Dropouts

MS = Individuals who leave school, secondary or college, prior to completion of specified curriculum requirements.

UI = D013332

 

Student Health Services

AN = do not confuse with SCHOOL HEALTH SERVICES for high school & under; specify geog; DF: STUDENT HEALTH SERV CATALOG: /geog /form

MS = Health services for college and university students usually provided by the educational institution.

UI = D013333

 

Students

AN = /psychol: consider also PSYCHOLOGY, EDUCATIONAL; as persons: Manual 30.7.3; as children: Manual 34.16; relation to EDUCATION: Manual 34.16; /educ = EDUCATION

MS = Individuals enrolled in a school or formal educational program.

UI = D013334

 

Students, Dental

AN = /educ = EDUCATION, DENTAL or its specifics; DF: STUDENTS DENT

MS = Individuals enrolled a school of dentistry or a formal educational program in leading to a degree in dentistry.

UI = D013335

 

Students, Health Occupations

AN = /educ = HEALTH OCCUPATIONS /educ; DF: STUDENTS HEALTH OCCUP

MS = Individuals enrolled in a school or formal educational program in the health occupations.

UI = D013336

 

Students, Medical

AN = /educ = EDUCATION, MEDICAL or its specifics; DF: STUDENTS MED

MS = Individuals enrolled in a school of medicine or a formal educational program in medicine.

UI = D013337

 

Students, Nursing

AN = /educ = EDUCATION, NURSING or its specifics; DF: STUDENTS NURS

MS = Individuals enrolled in a school of nursing or a formal educational program leading to a degree in nursing.

UI = D013338

 

Students, Pharmacy

AN = /educ = EDUCATION, PHARMACY or its specifics; DF: STUDENTS PHARM

MS = Individuals enrolled in a school of pharmacy or a formal educational program leading to a degree in pharmacy.

UI = D013339

 

Students, Premedical

AN = /educ = EDUCATION, PREMEDICAL; DF: STUDENTS PREMED

MS = Individuals enrolled in a preparatory course for medical school.

UI = D013340

 

Sturge-Weber Syndrome

AN = hemangiomas with nevus flammeus, glaucoma & mental & neurol states; do not use /congen & do not coord with INFANT, NEWBORN, DISEASES CATALOG: do not use /in inf

MS = A congenital syndrome consisting of nevus flammeus of the face, hemangiomas of the leptomeninges and choroid, and late glaucoma. It is often associated with intracranial calcification, mental retardation, contralateral hemiplegia, and epilepsy.

UI = D013341

 

Stuttering

AN = a speech disord

MS = A problem of speech behavior involving three definitive factors: (1) speech disfluency, most significantly repetitions of parts of words and whole words, prolongations of sounds, interjections of sounds or words, and unduly prolonged pauses; (2) reactions of the listeners to the speaker's disfluency as evaluated by them as undesirable, abnormal, or unacceptable; and (3) the reactions of the speaker to the listeners' reactions, as well as to his own speech disfluency and to his conception of himself as a stutterer. Stuttering is usually distinguished from stammering, which is characterized by blocking or involuntary pauses in speech, sometimes with repetition of sounds. (Dorland, 27th ed)

UI = D013342

 

Styrene

AN = STYRENES is also available

MS = A colorless, toxic liquid with a strong aromatic odor. It is used to make rubbers, polymers and copolymers, and polystyrene plastics.

UI = D020058

 

Styrenes

AN = STYRENE is also available

MS = Derivatives and polymers of styrene. They are used in the manufacturing of synthetic rubber, plastics, and resins. Some of the polymers form the skeletal structures for ion exchange resin beads.

UI = D013343

 

Subacute Care

AN = med & nurs care for patient out of acute phase of dis

MS = Medical and skilled nursing services provided to patients who are not in an acute phase of an illness but who require a level of care higher than that provided in a long-term care setting. (JCAHO, Lexikon, 1994)

UI = D019467

 

Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis

AN = caused by a defective measles virus; also called subacute inclusion encephalitis; DF: note short X ref

MS = A slowly progressive disease of the central nervous system that occurs almost exclusively in children and young adults. It is caused by the SSPE virus, which is a defective variant of measles virus (MORBILLIVIRUS).

UI = D013344

 

Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

AN = hemorrh into subarachnoid space

MS = Intracranial hemorrhage into the subarachnoid space. (Dorland, 27th ed)

UI = D013345

 

Subarachnoid Space

AN = NIM: usually locational so few qualif apply

UI = D013346

 

Subcellular Fractions

AN = NIM; A 11 qualif except /cytol

MS = Components of a cell produced by various separation techniques which, though they disrupt the delicate anatomy of a cell, preserve the structure and physiology of its functioning constituents for biochemical and ultrastructural analysis. (From Alberts et al., Molecular Biology of the Cell, 2d ed, p163)

UI = D013347

 

Subclavian Artery

MS = Artery arising from the brachiocephalic trunk on the right side and from the arch of the aorta on the left side. It distributes to the neck, thoracic wall, spinal cord, brain, meninges, and upper limb.

UI = D013348

 

Subclavian Steal Syndrome

AN = a form of cerebral ischemia

MS = Cerebral or brain stem ischemia resulting from diversion of blood flow from the basilar artery to the subclavian artery, in the presence of occlusive disease of the proximal portion of the subclavian artery. (Dorland, 27th ed)

UI = D013349

 

Subclavian Vein

MS = The continuation of the axillary vein which follows the subclavian artery and then joins the internal jugular vein to form the brachiocephalic vein.

UI = D013350

 

Subcommissural Organ

MS = An ependymal derivative located at the junction of the third ventricle and the cerebral aqueduct, secreting somatostatin.

UI = D013351

 

Subcutaneous Emphysema

AN = cumulation of air in subcutaneous tissue

MS = Presence of air or gas in the subcutaneous tissues of the body.

UI = D013352

 

Subdural Effusion

AN = csf leakage into subdural space

MS = The leakage of cerebrospinal fluid into the subdural space.

UI = D013353

 

Subdural Space

AN = NIM: usually locational so few qualif apply

UI = D013355

 

Subfornical Organ

MS = A structure, situated close to the intraventricular foramen, which induces drinking behavior after stimulation with angiotensin II.

UI = D013356

 

Subgingival Curettage

AN = do not use /util except by MeSH definition

MS = Removal of degenerated and necrotic epithelium and underlying connective tissue of a periodontal pocket in an effort to convert a chronic ulcerated wound to an acute surgical wound, thereby insuring wound healing and attachment or epithelial adhesion, and shrinkage of the marginal gingiva. The term is sometimes used in connection with smoothing of a root surface or ROOT PLANING. (Jablonski; Illustrated Dictionary of Dentistry, 1982)

UI = D013357

 

Subject Headings

AN = no qualif; VOCABULARY, CONTROLLED is also available

MS = Terms or expressions which provide the major means of access by subject to the bibliographic unit.

UI = D013358

 

Sublimation

AN = no qualif

MS = A defense mechanism through which unacceptable impulses and instinctive urges are diverted into personally and socially acceptable channels; e.g., aggression may be diverted through sports activities.

UI = D013359

 

Subliminal Stimulation

AN = no qualif

MS = Stimulation at an intensity below that where a differentiated response can be elicited.

UI = D013360

 

Sublingual Gland

AN = diseases: coord IM with SALIVARY GLAND DISEASES (NIM)

UI = D013361

 

Sublingual Gland Neoplasms

AN = /blood supply /chem /second /secret /ultrastruct permitted; coord IM with histol type of neopl (IM)

MS = Neoplasms of the sublingual glands.

UI = D013362

 

Submandibular Gland

MS = One of two salivary glands in the neck, located in the space bound by the two bellies of the digastric muscle and the angle of the mandible. It discharges through the submandibular duct. The secretory units are predominantly serous although a few mucous alveoli, some with serous demilunes, occur. (Stedman, 25th ed)

UI = D013363

 

Submandibular Gland Diseases

UI = D013364

 

Submandibular Gland Neoplasms

AN = /blood supply /chem /second /secret /ultrastruct permitted; coord IM with histol type of neopl (IM)

UI = D013365

 

Submarine Medicine

AN = SPEC: SPEC qualif; for med & physiol aspects of activities of submarine personnel; Manual 28.8; DIVING is also available; DF: SUBMARINE MED

MS = The field of medicine concerned with conditions affecting the health of people in submarines or sealabs.

UI = D013366

 

Submitochondrial Particles

AN = A 11 qualif except /cytol; /genet permitted; coord IM with specific precoord mitochondria term (IM or NIM) if pertinent

MS = The various filaments, granules, tubules or other inclusions within mitochondria.

UI = D013367

 

Submucous Plexus

AN = a neural network of the enteric nerv syst

MS = One of two ganglionated neural networks which together form the enteric nervous system. The submucous (Meissner's) plexus is in the connective tissue of the submucosa. Its neurons innervate the epithelium, blood vessels, endocrine cells, other submucosal ganglia, and myenteric ganglia, and play an important role in regulating ion and water transport. (From FASEB J 1989;3:127-38)

UI = D013368

 

Subphrenic Abscess

AN = for coord read note on ABSCESS

MS = An abscess beneath the diaphragm. (Dorland, 27th ed)

UI = D013369

 

Subrenal Capsule Assay

AN = coord IM with histol type of neopl + precoord organ/neopl term (IM or NIM) if pertinent; DF: SRCA

MS = In vivo method of screening investigative anticancer drugs and biologic response modifiers for individual cancer patients. Fresh tumor tissue is implanted under the kidney capsule of immunocompetent mice or rats; gross and histological assessments follow several days after tumor treatment in situ.

UI = D013370

 

Substance Abuse Detection

AN = for detect of abused, overused or misused legal or illegal drugs; coord IM with precoord substance abuse term (IM) or substance abused (IM)

MS = Detection of drugs that have been abused, overused, or misused, including legal and illegal drugs. Urine screening is the usual method of detection.

UI = D015813

 

Substance Abuse, Intravenous

AN = IM + specific drug or substance IM (without qualif); for "abuse, overuse or misuse"; DF: IVDA

MS = Abuse, overuse, or misuse of a substance by its injection into a vein.

UI = D015819

 

Substance Abuse Treatment Centers

AN = IM CATALOG: /geog /form

MS = Health facilities providing therapy and/or rehabilitation for substance-dependent individuals. Methadone distribution centers are included.

UI = D016320

 

Substance P

AN = a neurotransmitter tachykinin; /biosyn /physiol permitted

MS = An eleven-amino acid neurotransmitter that appears in both the central and peripheral nervous systems. It is involved in transmission of pain, causes rapid contractions of the gastrointestinal smooth muscle, and modulates inflammatory and immune responses.

UI = D013373

 

Substance Withdrawal Syndrome

AN = includes withdrawal from addictive drugs or other substances, administered drugs, smoking & alcohol (but DELIRIUM TREMENS see ALCOHOL WITHDRAWAL DELIRIUM is also available); do not use /compl for the symptom; coord IM with specific substance /adv eff (IM) + specific dis or symptom following withdrawal /chem ind (IM), e.g., hypertension after propranolol withdrawal = SUBSTANCE WITHDRAWAL SYNDROME (IM) + PROPRANOLOL /adv eff (IM) + HYPERTENSION /chem ind (IM); babies born to addicted mothers & developing withdraw symp = NEONATAL ABSTINENCE SYNDROME: see note there

MS = Physiological and psychological symptoms associated with withdrawal from the use of a drug after prolonged administration or habituation. The concept includes withdrawal from smoking or drinking, as well as withdrawal from an administered drug.

UI = D013375

 

Substance-Related Disorders

AN = consider also PSYCHOSES, SUBSTANCE-INDUCED or PSYCHOSES, ALCOHOLIC

MS = These non-psychotic disorders include those related to the taking of a drug of abuse (including alcohol), to the side effects of a medication, and to toxin exposure.

UI = D019966

 

Substantia Gelatinosa

UI = D013376

 

Substantia Innominata

MS = Tissue in the base of the forebrain inferior to the anterior perforated substance, and anterior to the globus pallidus and ansa lenticularis. It contains the nucleus basalis of Meynert and may be implicated in Alzheimer's disease.

UI = D013377

 

Substantia Nigra

UI = D013378

 

Substrate Specificity

AN = almost never IM; coord NIM with specific enzyme or catalytic molecule (IM)

MS = A characteristic feature of enzyme activity in relation to the kind of substrate on which the enzyme or catalytic molecule reacts.

UI = D013379

 

Subtalar Joint

AN = human & animal

MS = Formed by the articulation of the talus with the calcaneus.

UI = D013380

 

Subtilisins

AN = serine proteinases from Bacillus subtilis; /biosyn permitted

MS = A family of serine proteinases isolated from Bacillus subtilis.

UI = D013381

 

Subtraction Technique

AN = do not use /util except by MeSH definition; coord IM with RADIOGRAPHY (NIM) or RADIONUCLIDE IMAGING (NIM) for general articles only: do not use these coords when using /radiogr or /radionuclide CATALOG: do not use /laboratory manuals

MS = Combination or superimposition of two images for demonstrating differences between them (e.g., radiograph with contrast vs. one without, radionuclide images using different radionuclides, radiograph vs. radionuclide image) and in the preparation of audiovisual materials (e.g., offsetting identical images, coloring of vessels in angiograms).

UI = D013382

 

Substrate Cycling

AN = restricted to enzyme activity; almost never IM; coord NIM with specific enzyme (IM)

MS = A set of opposing, nonequilibrium reactions catalyzed by different enzymes which act simultaneously, with at least one of the reactions driven by ATP hydrolysis. The results of the cycle are that ATP energy is depleted, heat is produced and no net substrate-to-product conversion is achieved. Examples of substrate cycling are cycling of gluconeogenesis and glycolysis pathways and cycling of the triglycerides and fatty acid pathways. Rates of substrate cycling may be increased many-fold in association with hypermetabolic states resulting from severe burns, cold exposure, hyperthyroidism, or acute exercise.

UI = D015219

 

Suburban Health

AN = specify geog CATALOG: /geog /form

MS = The status of health in suburban populations.

UI = D018881

 

Suburban Health Services

AN = IM; coord with specific health serv (IM); DF: SUBURBAN HEALTH SERV CATALOG: /geog /form

MS = Health services, public or private, in suburban areas. The services include the promotion of health and the delivery of health care.

UI = D019036

 

Suburban Population

AN = specify geog; SUBURBAN HEALTH & SUBURBAN HEALTH SERVICES are also available CATALOG: /geog /form

MS = The inhabitants of peripheral or adjacent areas of a city or town.

UI = D013383

 

Succimer

AN = a chelating agent; D25-26 qualif

MS = A mercaptodicarboxylic acid used as an antidote to heavy metal poisoning because it forms strong chelates with them.

UI = D004113

 

Succinic Acid

AN = specific compound only; SUCCINIC ACIDS also available

MS = A water-soluble, colorless crystal with an acid taste that is used as a chemical intermediate, in medicine, the manufacture of lacquers, and to make perfume esters. It is also used in foods as a sequestrant, buffer, and a neutralizing agent. (Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, 12th ed, p1099; McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed, p1851)

UI = D019802

 

Succinic Acids

AN = SUCCINIC ACID also available

MS = A class of dicarboxylic acids with the general structure of butanedioic acid (succinic acid). They are used in perfumery and as a chemical intermediate in medicine.

UI = D019822

 

Succinate Cytochrome c Oxidoreductase

AN = spell in titles & translations with lowercase c: succinate cytochrome c oxidoreductase

MS = A portion of the electron transport chain, catalyzing the transfer of electrons from succinate to cytochrome c via FAD, ubiquinone, and cytochrome b. The first step is catalyzed by succinate dehydrogenase (EC 1.3.99.1), the other steps are not well characterized. EC 1.-.

UI = D013384

 

Succinate Dehydrogenase

UI = D013385

 

Succinates

MS = The salts and esters of SUCCINIC ACID and its derivatives.

UI = D013386

 

Succinic Anhydrides

MS = A subclass of anhydrides with the general structure of dihydrofurandione. They can be substituted on any carbon atom. They modify and inhibit proteins and enzymes and are used in the acylation of amino- and hydroxyl groups.

UI = D013387

 

Succinimides

MS = A subclass of IMIDES with the general structure of pyrrolidinedione. They are prepared by the distillation of ammonium succinate. They are sweet-tasting compounds that are used as chemical intermediates and plant growth stimulants.

UI = D013388

 

Succinate-CoA Ligases

MS = Enzymes that catalyze the first step leading to the oxidation of succinic acid by the reversible formation of succinyl-CoA from succinate and CoA with the concomitant cleavage of ATP to ADP (EC 6.2.1.5) or GTP to GDP (EC 6.2.1.4) and orthophosphate. Itaconate can act instead of succinate and ITP instead of GTP.EC 6.2.1.-.

UI = D013389

 

Succinylcholine

AN = a neuromusc depolarizing agent

MS = A quaternary skeletal muscle relaxant usually used in the form of its bromide, chloride, or iodide. It is a depolarizing relaxant, acting in about 30 seconds and with a duration of effect averaging three to five minutes. Succinylcholine is used in surgical, anesthetic, and other procedures in which a brief period of muscle relaxation is called for.

UI = D013390

 

Sucking Behavior

AN = human & animal

MS = Any suction exerted by the mouth; response of the mammalian infant to draw milk from the breast. Includes sucking on inanimate objects. Not to be used for thumb sucking, which is indexed under fingersucking.

UI = D013391

 

Sucralfate

AN = an anti-ulcer agent

MS = Hexadeca-omega-hydroxytetracosahydroxy-(mu(8)-(1,3,4,6-tetra-O-sulfo-beta-D-fructofuranosyl-alpha-D-glucopyranoside tetrakis(hydrogen sulfato)(8-)))hexadecaaluminum. A basic aluminum complex of sulfated sucrose. It is advocated in the therapy of peptic, duodenal, and prepyloric ulcers, gastritis, reflux esophagitis, and other gastrointestinal irritations. It acts primarily at the ulcer site, where it has cytoprotective, pepsinostatic, antacid, and bile acid-binding properties. The drug is only slightly absorbed by the digestive mucosa, which explains the absence of systemic effects and toxicity.

UI = D013392

 

Sucrase

AN = do not confuse with SUCROSE; /defic: consider also SUCROSE /metab (IM) + CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM, INBORN ERRORS (IM)

UI = D013393

 

Sucrase-Isomaltase Complex

AN = /defic: consider also SUCROSE /metab (IM) + CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM, INBORN ERRORS (IM)

MS = An enzyme complex found in the brush border membranes of the small intestine. It is believed to be an enzyme complex with different catalytic sites. Its absence is manifested by an inherited disease called sucrase-isomaltase deficiency.

UI = D013394

 

Sucrose

AN = do not confuse with SUCRASE; table sugar is DIETARY SUCROSE; sucrose density gradient is CENTRIFUGATION, DENSITY GRADIENT & ignore sucrose

MS = A nonreducing disaccharide obtained from cane sugar, sugar beet, and sorghum. It is composed of glucose and fructose linked via their anomeric carbons. It is used extensively as a food and a sweetener. (From Dorland, 28th ed)

UI = D013395

 

Suction

AN = NIM; note X ref DRAINGAGE, SUCTION: differentiate from DRAINAGE; do not use /util except by MeSH definition; SUCTION LIPECTOMY see LIPECTOMY is available

MS = The removal of secretions, gas or fluid from hollow or tubular organs or cavities by means of a tube and a device that acts on negative pressure.

UI = D013396

 

Sudan

AN = a republic in eastern Africa, formerly the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan

MS = A republic in eastern Africa, south of EGYPT and west of ETHIOPIA. Its capital is Khartoum. It was under Egypt 1820-82, then jointly administered by Egypt and Great Britain after 1899 as the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan. It gained independence in 1956. The name is of Arabic origin, balad as-sudan: bal (land) + al (as) (the) + sudan (black), the land of the blacks, the name given originally by Arabian travelers. (From Webster's New Geographical Dictionary, 1988, p1161 & Room, Brewer's Dictionary of Names, 1992, p524)

UI = D013397

 

Sudden Infant Death

AN = DF: note short X refs

MS = The abrupt and unexplained death of an apparently healthy infant under one year of age, remaining unexplained after a thorough case investigation, including performance of a complete autopsy, examination of the death scene, and review of the clinical history. (Expert Panel of the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development in Pediatric Pathology, v.11, no.5, Sept-Oct 1991, p681)

UI = D013398

 

Sufentanil

AN = a narcotic analgesic & anesth adjuvant

MS = N-(4-(Methoxymethyl)-1-(2-(2-thienyl)ethyl)-4-piperidyl)propionanilide. An opioid analgesic that is used as an adjunct in anesthesia, in balanced anesthesia, and as a primary anesthetic agent.

UI = D017409

 

Sugar Acids

UI = D013400

 

Sugar Alcohol Dehydrogenases

MS = Reversibly catalyzes the oxidation of a hydroxyl group of sugar alcohols to form a keto sugar, aldehyde or lactone. Any acceptor except molecular oxygen is permitted. Includes EC 1.1.1.; EC 1.1.2. and EC 1.1.99.

UI = D013401

 

Sugar Alcohols

MS = Polyhydric alcohols having no more than one hydroxy group attached to each carbon atom. They are formed by the reduction of the carbonyl group of a sugar to a hydroxyl group.(From Dorland, 28th ed)

UI = D013402

 

Sugar Phosphates

UI = D013403

 

Suggestion

AN = no qualif; consider also PERSUASION see PERSUASIVE COMMUNICATION

MS = The uncritical acceptance of an idea or plan of action.

UI = D013404

 

Suicide

MS = The act of killing oneself.

UI = D013405

 

Suicide, Assisted

AN = assistance from MD, other health professional, family member or friend

MS = Deliberate acceleration of death of a competent patient with an incurable disease or in the extremes of suffering. The patient seeking assistance in taking his own life may ask the help of a physician or other health professional, a family member, or a friend. The milieu may be a hospital, nursing home, or private residence. Assistance to the person in dire physical or psychological distress may take the form of lethal doses of medications or chemicals to be taken orally or by injection through human intervention or with a so-called suicide machine.

UI = D017236

 

Suicide, Attempted

MS = The unsuccessful attempt to kill oneself.

UI = D013406

 

Suipoxvirus

AN = a species of the subfamily Chordopoxvirinae of the family Poxviridae; infection: coord IM with POXVIRIDAE INFECTIONS (IM)

MS = A genus of the family POXVIRIDAE, subfamily CHORDOPOXVIRINAE, containing one species, swinepox virus.

UI = D018148

 

Sulbactam

AN = a lactam antibiotic; an enzyme inhib

MS = 3,3-Dimethyl-7-oxo-4-thia-1-azabicyclo(3.2.0)heptane-2-carboxylic acid 4,4-dioxide. A beta-lactamase inhibitor with very weak antibacterial action. The compound prevents antibiotic destruction of beta-lactam antibiotics by inhibiting beta-lactamases, thus extending their spectrum activity. Combinations of sulbactam with beta-lactam antibiotics have been used successfully for the therapy of infections caused by organisms resistant to the antibiotic alone.

UI = D013407

 

Sulbenicillin

AN = a penicillin G

MS = 3,3-Dimethyl-7-oxo-6-((phenylsulfoacetyl)amino)-4-thia-1- azabicyclo(3.2.0)heptane-2-carboxylic acid. Semisynthetic penicillin-type antibiotic.

UI = D013408

 

Sulfacetamide

AN = a sulfanilamide anti-infective

MS = An anti-infective agent that is used topically to treat skin infections and orally for urinary tract infections.

UI = D013409

 

Sulfachlorpyridazine

AN = a sulfanilamide anti-infective

MS = 4-Amino-N-(6-chloro-3-pyridazinyl)benzenesulfonamide. A sulfonamide antimicrobial used for urinary tract infections and in veterinary medicine.

UI = D013410

 

Sulfadiazine

AN = a sulfonamide; note: METHYLSULFADIAZINE see SULFAMERAZINE

MS = A short-acting sulfonamide used in combination with PYRIMETHAMINE to treat toxoplasmosis in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and in newborns with congenital infections.

UI = D013411

 

Sulfadimethoxine

AN = a sulfanilamide anti-infective

MS = A sulfanilamide that is used as an anti-infective agent.

UI = D013412

 

Sulfadoxine

AN = a sulfanilamide anti-infective

MS = A long acting sulfonamide that is used, usually in combination with other drugs, for respiratory, urinary tract, and malarial infections.

UI = D013413

 

Sulfaguanidine

AN = a sulfanilamide anti-infective

MS = A sulfanilamide antimicrobial agent that is used to treat enteric infections.

UI = D013414

 

Sulfalene

AN = a sulfanilamide anti-infective

MS = 4-Amino-N-(3-methoxypyrazinyl)benzenesulfonamide. Long-acting plasma-bound sulfonamide used for respiratory and urinary tract infections and also for malaria.

UI = D013415

 

Sulfamerazine

AN = a sulfanilamide anti-infective

MS = A sulfanilamide that is used as an antibacterial agent.

UI = D013416

 

Sulfameter

AN = a sulfanilamide anti-infective

MS = N(1)-(5-Methoxy-2-pyrimidinyl)sulfanilamide. Long acting sulfonamide used in leprosy, urinary, and respiratory tract infections.

UI = D013417

 

Sulfamethazine

MS = A sulfanilamide anti-infective agent. It has a spectrum of antimicrobial action similar to other sulfonamides.

UI = D013418

 

Sulfamethizole

AN = a sulfanilamide anti-infective

MS = A sulfathiazole antibacterial agent.

UI = D013419

 

Sulfamethoxazole

AN = a sulfanilamide anti-infective

MS = A bacteriostatic antibacterial agent that interferes with folic acid synthesis in susceptible bacteria. Its broad spectrum of activity has been limited by the development of resistance. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p208)

UI = D013420

 

Sulfamethoxypyridazine

AN = a sulfanilamide anti-infective

MS = A sulfanilamide antibacterial agent.

UI = D013421

 

Sulfamonomethoxine

AN = a sulfanilamide anti-infective

MS = N(1)-(-Methoxy-4-pyrimidinyl)sulfanilamide. Long acting sulfonamide antibacterial agent.

UI = D013422

 

Sulfamoxole

AN = a sulfanilamide anti-infective

MS = A sulfanilamide antibacterial agent.

UI = D013423

 

Sulfanilamides

AN = anti-infectives; GEN; prefer specific sulfanilamide anti-infective

UI = D013424

 

Sulfanilic Acids

AN = used in manufacture of dyes & as reagents

MS = Aminobenzenesulfonic acids. Organic acids that are used in the manufacture of dyes and organic chemicals and as reagents.

UI = D013425

 

Sulfaphenazole

AN = a sulfanilamide anti-infective

MS = A sulfonilamide anti-infective agent.

UI = D013426

 

Sulfapyridine

AN = a sulfanilamide anti-infective

MS = N'-2-Pyridylsulfanilamide. Antibacterial, potentially toxic, used to treat certain skin diseases.

UI = D013427

 

Sulfaquinoxaline

AN = a sulfanilamide anti-infective

MS = N(1)-(2-Quinoxalinyl)sulfanilamide. An antiprotozoal agent used to combat coccidial infections of swine, cattle, fowl, and other veterinary animals. Also used in controlling outbreaks of fowl typhoid and fowl cholera and in treatment of infectious enteritis.

UI = D013428

 

 

Sulfasalazine

MS = A drug that is used in the management of inflammatory bowel diseases. Its activity is generally considered to lie in its metabolic breakdown product, 5-aminosalicylic acid (see MESALAMINE) released in the colon. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p907)

UI = D012460

 

Sulfatases

UI = D013429

 

Sulfate Adenylyltransferase

MS = An enzyme that catalyzes the activation of sulfate ions by ATP to form adenosine-5'-phosphosulfate and pyrophosphate. This reaction constitutes the first enzymatic step in sulfate utilization following the uptake of sulfate. EC 2.7.7.4.

UI = D013430

 

Sulfates

MS = Inorganic salts of sulfuric acid.

UI = D013431

 

Sulfathiazoles

AN = sulfanilamide anti-infectives

UI = D013432

 

Sulfoglycosphingolipids

MS = GLYCOSPHINGOLIPIDS with a sulfate group esterified to one of the sugar groups.

UI = D013433

 

Sulfenic Acids

MS = Oxy acids of sulfur with the general formula RSOH, where R is an alkyl or aryl group such as CH3. They are often encountered as esters and halides. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

UI = D013434

 

Sulfhemoglobin

UI = D013435

 

Sulfhemoglobinemia

AN = sulfmethemoglobin (see Dorland) in the blood

MS = A morbid condition due to the presence of sulfmethemoglobin in the blood. It is marked by persistent cyanosis, but the blood count does not reveal any special abnormality in the blood. It is thought to be caused by the action of hydrogen sulfide absorbed from the intestine. (Stedman, 25th ed)

UI = D013436

 

Sulfhydryl Compounds

AN = do not confuse with SULFHYDRYL REAGENTS; /physiol permitted with only endogenous SH cpds; DF: SULFHYDRYL CPDS

MS = Compounds containing the -SH radical.

UI = D013438

 

Sulfhydryl Reagents

AN = do not confuse with SULFHYDRYL COMPOUNDS

MS = Chemical agents that react with SH groups. This is a chemically diverse group that is used for a variety of purposes. Among these are enzyme inhibition, enzyme reactivation or protection, and labelling.

UI = D013439

 

Sulfides

MS = Chemical groups containing the covalent sulfur bonds -S-. The sulfur atom can be bound to inorganic or organic moieties.

UI = D013440

 

Sulfinic Acids

AN = do not confuse with SULFONIC ACIDS

MS = Any of the monobasic inorganic or organic acids of sulfur with the general formula RSO(OH). (From McGraw Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

UI = D013441

 

Sulfinpyrazone

AN = a uricosuric

MS = A uricosuric drug that is used to reduce the serum urate levels in gout therapy. It lacks anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and diuretic properties.

UI = D013442

 

Sulfisomidine

AN = a sulfanilamide anti-infective

MS = A sulfanilamide antibacterial agent.

UI = D013443

 

Sulfisoxazole

AN = a sulfanilamide anti-infective

MS = 4-Amino-N-(3,4-dimethyl-5-isoxazolyl)benzenesulfonamide. One of the antibacterial sulfonamides generally used for treatment of infections. It is bacteriostatic against a wide range of gram- negative and gram-positive organisms, but acquired resistance is common.

UI = D013444

 

Sulfite Oxidases

MS = A molybdohemoprotein which catalyzes the terminal reaction in the oxidative degradation of sulfur-containing amino acids with the formation of a sulfate. Cytochrome c, ferricyanide and molecular oxygen can act as acceptors. A deficiency is manifested by brain damage and mental deterioration. EC 1.8.2.1 utilizes ferricytochrome C as acceptor. EC 1.8.3.1 uses molecular oxygen.

UI = D013445

 

Sulfite Reductases

MS = Hydrogen sulfide:(acceptor) oxidoreductases. Enzymes which reversibly catalyze the oxidation of hydrogen sulfide in the presence of various acceptors to sulfite and a reduced acceptor. EC 1.8.1.2 utilizes NADP+ as the acceptor. EC 1.8.7.1 utilizes oxidized ferredoxin as acceptor and EC 1.8.99.1 will utilize a variety of acceptors.

UI = D013446

 

Sulfites

MS = Inorganic salts of sulfurous acid.

UI = D013447

 

Sulfobromophthalein

AN = usually /diag use in LIVER FUNCTION TESTS; D25-26 qualif

MS = A phenolphthalein that is used as a diagnostic aid in heptatic function determination.

UI = D013448

 

Sulfolobaceae

AN = a family of the order Sulfolobales

MS = A family of SULFOLOBALES consisting of aerobic or facultatively anaerobic chemolithotrophic cocci, usually occurring singly. They grow best at a pH of about 2.

UI = D016943

 

Sulfolobales

AN = an order of Crenarchaeota, of the domain Archaea

MS = An order of CRENARCHAEOTA consisting of aerobic or facultatively aerobic, chemolithotrophic cocci which are extreme thermoacidophiles. They lack peptidoglycan in their cell walls.

UI = D016942

 

Sulfolobus

AN = a genus of archaea found in "hot acid soils & water"

MS = A genus of aerobic, chemolithotrophic, coccoid ARCHAEA whose organisms are thermoacidophilic. Its cells are highly irregular in shape, often lobed, but occasionally spherical. It has worldwide distribution with organisms isolated from hot acidic soils and water. Sulfur is used as an energy source.

UI = D016944

 

Sulfolobus acidocaldarius

AN = a species of archaea

MS = A species of aerobic, chemolithotrophic ARCHAEA consisting of coccoid cells that utilize sulfur as an energy source. The optimum temperature for growth is 70-75 degrees C. They are isolated from acidic fields.

UI = D016945

 

Sulfonamides

AN = anti-infective agents

MS = A group of compounds that contain the structure SO2NH2. Members of this group, also known as sulfa drugs, are derivatives of sulfanilamide, which competitively inhibit folic acid synthesis in microorganisms, and are bacteriostatic. They have been largely supplanted by more effective and less toxic antibiotics. (From Dorland, 28th ed)

UI = D013449

 

Sulfones

UI = D013450

 

Sulfonic Acids

AN = do not confuse with SULFINIC ACIDS

MS = Inorganic or organic oxy acids of sulfur which contain the RSO2(OH) radical.

UI = D013451

 

Sulfonium Compounds

AN = DF: SULFONIUM CPDS

MS = Sulfur compounds in which the sulfur atom is attached to three organic radicals and an electronegative element or radical.

UI = D013452

 

Sulfonylurea Compounds

AN = hypoglycemics; DF: SULFONYLUREA CPDS

UI = D013453

 

Sulfotransferases

AN = do not confuse with SULFURTRANSFERASES

MS = Enzymes which transfer sulfate groups to various acceptor molecules. They are involved in posttranslational sulfation of proteins and sulfate conjugation of exogenous chemicals and bile acids. EC 2.8.2.

UI = D015238

 

Sulfoxides

MS = Organic compounds that have the general formula R-SO-R. They are obtained by oxidation of mercaptans (analogous to the ketones). (From Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 4th ed)

UI = D013454

 

Sulfur

AN = S-32

MS = An element that is a member of the chalcogen family. It has an atomic symbol S, atomic number 16, and atomic weight 32.066. It is found in the amino acids cysteine and methionine.

UI = D013455

 

Sulfur Acids

AN = do not confuse with SULFURIC ACIDS

MS = Inorganic or organic acids that contain sulfur as an integral part of the molecule.

UI = D013456

 

Sulfur Compounds

AN = GEN or unspecified; prefer specific groups or specific drugs; DF: SULFUR CPDS

MS = Inorganic or organic compounds that contain sulfur as an integral part of the molecule.

UI = D013457

 

Sulfur Dioxide

AN = an air pollutant

MS = A highly toxic, colorless, nonflammable gas. It is used as a pharmaceutical aid and antioxidant. It is also an environmental air pollutant.

UI = D013458

 

Sulfur Group Transferases

MS = Enzymes that catalyze the transfer of sulfur atoms (2.8.1), sulfur groups (2.8.2) or coenzyme A (2.8.3). EC 2.8.

UI = D019885

 

Sulfur Hexafluoride

AN = an inert gas used in resp physiol studies

MS = Sulfur hexafluoride. An inert gas used mainly as a test gas in respiratory physiology. Other uses include its injection in vitreoretinal surgery to restore the vitreous chamber and as a tracer in monitoring the dispersion and deposition of air pollutants.

UI = D013459

 

Sulfur Isotopes

AN = S-33,34,36; NIM; no qualif

MS = Stable sulfur atoms that have the same atomic number as the element sulfur, but differ in atomic weight. S-33, 34, and 36 are stable sulfur isotopes.

UI = D013460

 

Sulfur Oxides

AN = inorganic; SULFUR DIOXIDE is available

MS = Inorganic oxides of sulfur.

UI = D013461

 

Sulfur Radioisotopes

AN = S-29-31, 35, 37, 38; NIM; /blood-csf-urine /metab permitted but not for tracer studies ( = /diag use)

MS = Unstable isotopes of sulfur that decay or disintegrate spontaneously emitting radiation. S 29-31, 35, 37, and 38 are radioactive sulfur isotopes.

UI = D013462

 

Sulfur-Reducing Bacteria

AN = gram-neg anaerobic bacteria

MS = A group of gram-negative, anaerobic bacteria that is able to oxidize acetate completely to carbon dioxide using elemental sulfur as the electron acceptor.

UI = D016999

 

Sulfur-Sulfur Bond Isomerases

MS = Enzymes that catalyze the transposition of a sulfur-sulfur bond. EC 5.3.4.

UI = D019749

 

Sulfuric Acid Esters

MS = Organic esters of sulfuric acid.

UI = D013463

 

Sulfuric Acids

AN = do not confuse with SULFUR ACIDS

MS = Inorganic and organic derivatives of sulfuric acid (H2SO4). The salts and esters of sulfuric acid are known as SULFATES and SULFURIC ACID ESTERS respectively.

UI = D013464

 

Sulfurtransferases

AN = do not confuse with SULFOTRANSFERASES

MS = Enzymes which transfer sulfur atoms to various acceptor molecules. EC 2.8.1.

UI = D013466

 

Sulindac

AN = a cyclooxygenase inhib & non-steroidal anti-inflamm agent

MS = (Z)-5-Fluoro-2-methyl-1-((4 (methylsulfinyl)phenyl)methylene) 1H-indene-3-acetic acid. A sulfinylindene derivative whose sulfinyl moiety is converted in vivo to an active anti-inflammatory analgesic that undergoes enterohepatic circulation to maintain constant blood levels without causing gastrointestinal side effects.

UI = D013467

 

Suloctidil

AN = a vasodilator

MS = (R*,S*)-4-((1-Methylethyl)thio)-alpha-(1-(octylamino)ethyl)benzenemethanol. A peripheral vasodilator that was formerly used in the management of peripheral and cerebral vascular disorders. It is hepatotoxic and fatalities have occurred. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1312)

UI = D013468

 

Sulpiride

MS = A dopamine D2-receptor antagonist. It has been used therapeutically as an antidepressant, antipsychotic, and as a digestive aid. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)

UI = D013469

 

Sumatriptan

AN = a sulfonamide serotonin agonist & vasoconstrictor

MS = A serotonin agonist that acts selectively at 5HT1 receptors. It is used in the treatment of migraines.

UI = D018170

 

Sunburn

AN = /prev: consider also SUNSCREENING AGENTS

MS = An injury to the skin causing erythema, tenderness, and sometimes blistering and resulting from excessive exposure to the sun. The reaction is produced by the ultraviolet radiation in sunlight.

UI = D013471

 

Sunlight

AN = /adv eff permitted but consider also SUNBURN & SUNSTROKE; using sunlight therapeutically = HELIOTHERAPY

UI = D013472

 

Sunscreening Agents

AN = D25-26 qualif

MS = Chemical or physical agents that protect the skin from sunburn and erythema by absorbing or blocking ultraviolet radiation.

UI = D013473

 

Sunstroke

AN = a form of heat exhaustion

MS = A condition produced by exposure to the sun, and marked by convulsions, coma, and a high temperature of the skin. It is distinguished from HEAT STROKE which is caused by excessive heat, natural or artificial, and is marked by dry skin, vertigo, headache, thirst, nausea and muscular cramps. (From Dorland, 27th ed)

UI = D013474

 

Superantigens

AN = microbial antigens; coord IM with specific microbe /immunol (IM)

MS = Microbial antigens that have in common an extremely potent activating effect on T-cells that bear a specific variable region. Superantigens cross-link the variable region with class II MHC proteins regardless of the peptide binding in the T-cell receptor's pocket. The result is a transient expansion and subsequent death and anergy of the T-cells with the appropriate variable regions.

UI = D018089

 

Superego

AN = no qualif

MS = The component of the personality associated with ethics, standards, and self-criticism - the "conscience". It is derived mainly from identification with parents and parent substitutes.

UI = D013475

 

Superfetation

AN = a form of multiple pregn

MS = The fertilization and subsequent development of an ovum when a fetus is already present in the uterus, a result of fertilization of ova during different ovulatory cycles and yielding fetuses of different ages. (Dorland, 28th ed)

UI = D013476

 

Superinfection

AN = opportunistic infect; IM; coord with specific infect (IM)

MS = A frequent complication of drug therapy for microbial infection. It may result from opportunistic colonization following immunosuppression by the primary pathogen and can be influenced by the time interval between infections, microbial physiology, or host resistance. Experimental challenge and in vitro models are sometimes used in virulence and infectivity studies.

UI = D015163

 

Superior Cervical Ganglion

AN = the largest sympath ganglion

MS = The largest and uppermost of the paravertebral sympathetic ganglia.

UI = D017783

 

Superior Colliculus

UI = D013477

 

Superior Mesenteric Artery Syndrome

AN = duodenal compression by the superior mesenteric artery

MS = Duodenal obstruction caused by compression of the third part of the duodenum by the root of the intestinal mesentery which contains the superior mesenteric artery, vein, and nerve.

UI = D013478

 

Superior Vena Cava Syndrome

AN = caval obstruction

MS = Obstruction of the superior vena cava caused by neoplasm, thrombosis, aneurysm, or external compression and causing suffusion and/or cyanosis of the face, neck, and upper arms.

UI = D013479

 

Superovulation

AN = note categories; qualif permitted as for PREGNANCY

MS = Occurrence or induction of release of more ova than are normally released at the same time in a given species. The term applies to both animals and humans.

UI = D013480

 

Superoxides

AN = /metab permitted

MS = Highly reactive compounds produced when oxygen is reduced by a single electron. In biological systems, they may be generated during the normal catalytic function of a number of enzymes and during the oxidation of hemoglobin to methemoglobin. In living organisms, SUPEROXIDE DISMUTASE protects the cell from the deleterious effects of superoxide.

UI = D013481

 

Superoxide Dismutase

MS = An oxidoreductase that catalyzes the reaction between superoxide anions and hydrogen to yield molecular oxygen and hydrogen peroxide. The enzyme protects the cell against dangerous levels of superoxide. EC 1.15.1.1.

UI = D013482

 

Superstitions

MS = A belief or practice which lacks adequate basis for proof; an embodiment of fear of the unknown, magic, and ignorance.

UI = D013483

 

Supination

AN = refers to foot or forearm; do not confuse with SUPINE POSITION

MS = Applies to the movements of the forearm in turning the palm forward or upward and when applied to the foot, a combination of adduction and inversion of the foot.

UI = D013484

 

Supine Position

AN = almost never IM; do not confuse with SUPINATION, a movement of the foot or forearm

MS = The posture of an individual lying face up.

UI = D016683

 

Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

AN = check tag only: NON-US GOVT SUP; for all articles noted as supported by Amer sources (societies, institutes, state govts, universities, private organizations, etc.) & by foreign sources (national, departmental, provincial, academic & private organizations, etc.); for support by both a non-US Govt source & a US Govt source, check NON-US GOVT SUP + NIH/PHS SUP or OTHER US GOVT SUP; Manual 18.15+; DF: SUP NON GOVT CATALOG: do not use: for indexers only

UI = D013485

 

Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.

AN = check tag only: OTHER US GOVT SUP; for all articles noted as supported by US Govt agencies other than PHS & NIH (which is SUPPORT, U.S. GOV'T, P.H.S.); for support by both a US Govt agency & PHS or NIH, check OTHER US GOVT SUP + NIH/PHS SUP; for support by both a US Govt agency & any non-US Govt source, check OTHER US GOVT SUP + NON-US GOVT SUP; Nat Sci Found is checked here, Nat Acad of Sci & Nat Res Counc are checked NON-US GOVT SUP; Manual 18.15+; DF: SUP NON PHS CATALOG: do not use: for indexers only

UI = D013486

 

Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.

AN = check tag only: NIH/PHS SUP; for all articles noted as supported by PHS & its bureaus & serv; includes support by any institute of NIH (note X ref); for support by both PHS or NIH & another US Govt agency, check NIH/PHS SUP + OTHER US GOVT SUP; for support by both PHS or NIH & any non-US Govt source, check NIH/PHS SUP + NON-US GOVT SUP; for support by BRSG (Biomedical Research Support Grants) check NIH/PHS SUP; Manual 18.15+; DF: SUP PHS CATALOG: do not use: for indexers only

UI = D013487

 

Suppositories

AN = IM for general only, qualif permitted; NIM (no qualif) with specific drug IM (with qualif); /adv eff permitted but be careful: it may be the adv eff of the drug in suppository form, not the suppository

MS = Medicated masses adapted for introduction into the rectal, vaginal, or urethral orifice of the body. Suppository bases are solid at room temperature but melt or dissolve at body temperature. Commonly used bases are cocoa butter, glycerinated gelatin, hydrogenated vegetable oils, polyethylene glycols of various molecular weights, and fatty acid esters of polyethylene glycol. (Dorland, 28th ed)

UI = D013488

 

Suppression, Genetic

MS = The restoration of the wild-type phenotype in an organism possessing a mutationally altered genotype. The effects of the mutation may be suppressed by a second "suppressor" mutation on a different gene, by a suppressor mutation on the same gene but located at a distance from the site of the primary mutation, or by the presence of a cytoplasmic suppressor due to a change in non-chromosomal DNA.

UI = D013489

 

Suppressor-Effector, T-Lymphocytes (see:T-Lymphocytes, Suppressor-Effector)

 

Suppressor Factors, Immunologic

AN = lymphokines; /biosyn /drug eff /physiol /ultrastruct permitted; DF: SUPPRESSOR FACTORS IMMUNOL

MS = Proteins, protein complexes, or glycoproteins secreted by suppressor T-cells that inhibit either subsequent T-cells, B-cells, or other immunologic phenomena. Some of these factors have both histocompatibility (I-J) and antigen-specific domains which may be linked by disulfide bridges. They can be elicited by haptens or other antigens and may be mass-produced by hybridomas or monoclones in the laboratory.

UI = D013491

 

Suppuration

AN = a type of abscess; NIM; TN 178: for suppurative dis & coord

MS = The formation of pus. (Dorland, 27th ed)

UI = D013492

 

Suprachiasmatic Nucleus

AN = in the HYPOTHALAMUS, ANTERIOR

MS = An ovoid densely packed collection of small cells of the anterior hypothalamus lying close to the midline in a shallow impression of the optic chiasm.

UI = D013493

 

Supranuclear Palsy, Progressive

AN = senile dementia caused by basal ganglia dis

MS = A progressive neurological disease usually of the fifth decade characterized by supranuclear ophthalmoplegia especially paralysis of downward gaze, pseudobulbar palsy, gait disturbance, dysathria, truncal dystonia, memory and personality deterioration, and dementia.

UI = D013494

 

Supraoptic Nucleus

AN = in the anterior hypothalamus

MS = Hypothalamic nucleus overlying the beginning of the optic tract.

UI = D013495

 

 

Supratentorial Neoplasms

AN = /blood supply /chem /second /secret /ultrastruct permitted; coord IM with histol type of neopl (IM)

MS = Neoplasms located above the tentorium cerebelli, a fold of dura mater separating the cerebellum from the cerebral cortex occipital and temporal lobes.

UI = D015173

 

Suprofen

AN = a cyclooxygenase inhib & non-steroidal anti-inflamm agent

MS = alpha-Methyl-4-(2-thienylcarbonyl)benzeneacetic acid. An IBUPROFEN-type anti-inflammatory analgesic and antipyretic. It inhibits prostaglandin synthesis and has been proposed as an anti-arthritic.

UI = D013496

 

Sural Nerve

AN = a branch of the tibial nerve; dis: coord IM with PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM DISEASES (IM); neopl: coord IM with PERIPHERAL NERVE NEOPLASMS (IM) + histol type of neopl (IM)

MS = A branch of the tibial nerve which supplies sensory innervation to parts of the lower leg and foot.

UI = D013497

 

Suramin

AN = an antinematodal, trypanocidal & antineoplastic

MS = A polyanionic compound with an unknown mechanism of action. It is used parenterally in the treatment of African trypanosomiasis and it has been used clinically with diethylcarbamazine to kill the adult Onchocerca. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1992, p1643) It has also been shown to have potent antineoplastic properties.

UI = D013498

 

Surface Plasmon Resonance

AN = do not confuse with plasmon, extrachromosomal genetic material

MS = A biosensing technique in which biomolecules capable of binding to specific analytes or ligands are first immobilized on one side of a metallic film. Light is then focused on the opposite side of the film to excite the surface plasmons, that is, the oscillations of free electrons propagating along the film's surface. The refractive index of light reflecting off this surface is measured. When the immobilized biomolecules are bound by their ligands, an alteration in surface plasmons on the opposite side of the film is created which is directly proportional to the change in bound, or adsorbed, mass. Binding is measured by changes in the refractive index. The technique is used to study biomolecular interactions, such as antigen-antibody binding.

UI = D020349

 

Surface Properties

AN = NIM

UI = D013499

 

Surface Tension

AN = NIM

UI = D013500

 

Surface-Active Agents

AN = D25-26 qualif

MS = Agents that modify interfacial tension of water; usually substances that have one lipophilic and one hydrophilic group in the molecule; includes soaps, detergents, emulsifiers, dispersing and wetting agents, and several groups of antiseptics.

UI = D013501

 

Surgery

AN = SPEC only: prefer /surg with organs & dis: Manual 19.7+, 19.8.70; the surgeon & specialty go here: the surgical patient = SURGICAL PROCEDURES, OPERATIVE: Manual 26.15+; /instrum = SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS or SURGICAL EQUIPMENT; military surgery = MILITARY MEDICINE (IM) + SURGERY (IM) if the specialty; DF: SURG

MS = A specialty in which manual or operative procedures are used in the treatment of disease, injuries, or deformities.

UI = D013502

 

Surgery Department, Hospital

AN = DF: SURG DEP

MS = Hospital department which administers all departmental functions and the provision of surgical, diagnostic, and therapeutic services.

UI = D013503

 

Cardiovascular Surgical Procedures

 

Digestive System Surgical Procedures

 

Surgical Procedures: Cardiovascular, Digestive System, Otologic, Endocrine, Ophthalmologic, Gynecologic, Pulmonary, Obstetric, Otorhinolaryngologic, Oral,Otorhinolaryngologic, Urogenital, Urologic (see: respective system)

 

Surgical Procedures, Elective

AN = do not use /util except by MeSH definition; DF: SURG PROCEDURES ELECTIVE

MS = Surgery which could be postponed or not done at all without danger to the patient. Elective surgery includes procedures to correct non-life-threatening medical problems as well as to alleviate conditions causing psychological stress or other potential risk to patients, e.g., cosmetic or contraceptive surgery.

UI = D017558

 

Surgical Procedures, Endoscopic

AN = do not use /util except by MeSH definition; DF: SURG PROCEDURES ENDOSCOPIC

MS = Surgery performed with the use of an endoscope. Operative techniques may include use of lasers or electrocautery. The procedure is guided via visualization using fiber optics, video and other remote transmission. Advantages are briefer anesthesia and operative periods, reduced recovery time, shorter hospitalization, and generally less trauma for the patient.

UI = D018861

 

Surgical Procedures, Laparoscopic

AN = do not use /util except by MeSH definition

MS = Surgery performed with the use of a laparoscope.

UI = D017200

 

Surgical Procedures, Minimally Invasive

AN = IM for general only; do not use /util except by MeSH definition; DF: MINIMAL SURG PROCEDURES

MS = Procedures that avoid use of open invasive surgery in favor of closed or local surgery. These generally involve use of laparoscopic devices and remote-control manipulation of instruments with indirect observation of the surgical field through an endoscope or similar device. With the reduced trauma associated with minimally invasive surgery, long hospital stays may be reduced with increased rates of short stay or day surgery.

UI = D019060

 

Surgical Procedures, Minor

AN = IM GEN only; do not use as NIM coord for surg in minor ailments; DF: SURG PROCEDURES MINOR

MS = Surgery restricted to the management of minor problems and injuries; surgical procedures of relatively slight extent and not in itself hazardous to life. (Dorland, 28th ed & Stedman, 25th ed)

UI = D013511

 

Surgical Procedures, Operative

AN = not the field nor spec ( = SURGERY); only the surg patient or surg procedures; prefer /surg with organs or dis; /instrum = SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS or SURGICAL EQUIPMENT; surgical inj = SURGICAL INJURIES see INTRAOPERATIVE COMPLICATIONS: see TN 179; /hist = SURGERY /hist; differentiation from SURGERY: Manual 26.15+; unnecessary surgery = SURGERY, UNNECESSARY see UNNECESSARY PROCEDURES (IM) + specific surg procedure (IM); SECOND-LOOK SURGERY see REOPERATION is also available

MS = Operations carried out for the correction of deformities and defects, repair of injuries, and diagnosis and cure of certain diseases. (Taber, 18th ed.)

UI = D013514

 

Surgical Sponges

AN = do not use /util except by MeSH definition; surgical sponge accidentally left in the surg field, called gossypiboma from the classical word for cotton, goes here

MS = Gauze material used to absorb body fluids during surgery. Referred to as gossypiboma if accidentally retained in the body following surgery.

UI = D015503

 

Surgical Stapling

AN = /instrum: consider also SURGICAL STAPLERS; coord IM with staple material (IM or NIM) if pertinent; do not use /util except by MeSH definition; DF: SURG STAPLING

MS = A technique of closing incisions and wounds, or of joining and connecting tissues, in which staples are used as sutures.

UI = D017792

 

Surgically-Created Structures

AN = GEN or unspecified; prefer specifics; coord IM with organ or tissue /surg (IM) or specific surg procedure (IM); DF: SURG CREATED STRUCTURES

MS = Organs or parts of organs surgically formed from nearby tissue to function as substitutes for diseased or surgically removed tissue.

UI = D019738

 

Surgery, Oral

AN = SPEC of surg ther of dis, inj & defects of soft tissue of mouth & jaws; do not confuse with DENTISTRY, OPERATIVE: to restore tooth function; not a substitute for MOUTH /surg or /surg with specific related terms; SPEC qualif & /contra /nurs /psychol /rehabil /util

MS = A dental specialty concerned with the diagnosis and surgical treatment of disease, injuries, and defects of the human oral and maxillofacial region.

UI = D013515

 

Surgery, Plastic

AN = SPEC; SPEC qualif & selected Cat E qualif; do not use /util except by MeSH definition; not for -plasty in internal surgery: Manual 26.18+

MS = The branch of surgery concerned with restoration, reconstruction, or improvement of defective, damaged, or missing structures.

UI = D013518

 

Surgery, Veterinary

AN = SPEC: SPEC qualif; see note on VETERINARY MEDICINE; DF: SURG VET

MS = A board-certified specialty of VETERINARY MEDICINE, requiring at least four years of special education, training, and practice of veterinary surgery after graduation from veterinary school. In the written, oral, and practical examinations candidates may choose either large or small animal surgery. (From AVMA Directory, 43d ed, p278)

UI = D013522

 

Surgical Equipment

AN = differentiate from SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS in that the instrument is for use in the immediate operative field, usually held in the hand

MS = Nonexpendable apparatus used during surgical procedures. They are differentiated from SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS, usually hand-held and used in the immediate operative field.

UI = D013523

 

Surgical Flaps

AN = includes skin & muscle tissue but do not specify site or tissue unless particularly discussed; do not coord with TRANSPLANTATION, AUTOLOGOUS; pedicled grafts, rotation flaps, tube flaps, free tissue flaps, soft tissue flaps go here; note X ref ISLAND FLAPS

MS = Tongues of tissue (skin and subcutaneous tissue, sometimes including muscle) cut away from the underlying parts but attached at one end. They retain their own blood supply during transfer to the new site. They are used in plastic surgery for filling a defect in a neighboring region. The concept includes pedicled flaps, rotation flaps, tube flaps, etc.

UI = D013524

 

Surgical Instruments

AN = GEN or unspecified; prefer /instrum with specialty or with surg technique; differentiate from SURGICAL EQUIPMENT on basis of size (instruments are holdable in the hand); surg instrum left in the operative field: coord IM with FOREIGN BODIES (IM)

MS = Hand-held tools or implements used by health professionals for the performance of surgical tasks.

UI = D013525

 

Surgical Mesh

MS = Any woven or knit material of open texture used in surgery for the repair, reconstruction, or substitution of tissue. The mesh is usually a synthetic fabric made of various polymers. It is occasionally made of metal.

UI = D013526

 

Surgical Staplers

MS = Fastening devices composed of steel-tantalum alloys used to close operative wounds, especially of the skin, which minimizes infection by not introducing a foreign body that would connect external and internal regions of the body. (From Segen, Current Med Talk, 1995)

UI = D013528

 

Surgical Wound Dehiscence

AN = separation of a surg wound

MS = Separation of the layers of a surgical wound. It may be partial and superficial only, or complete, with disruption of all layers. (Dorland, 27th ed)

UI = D013529

 

Surgical Wound Infection

AN = a postop compl; IM; do not coord with POSTOPERATIVE COMPLICATIONS; do not coord with BACTERIAL INFECTIONS unless particularly discussed but coord IM with specific bact infect (IM)

MS = Infection occurring at the site of a surgical incision.

UI = D013530

 

Surgicenters

MS = Facilities designed to serve patients who require surgical treatment exceeding the capabilities of usual physician's office yet not of such proportion as to require hospitalization.

UI = D013531

 

Suriname

AN = in So. Amer; X refs NETHERLANDS GUIANA & DUTCH GUIANA were former names; in translations use American spelling Suriname, not Surinam

MS = A republic in the north of South America, bordered on the west by GUYANA (British Guiana) and on the east by FRENCH GUIANA. Its capital is Paramaribo. It was formerly called Netherlands Guiana or Dutch Guiana or Surinam. Suriname was first settled by the English in 1651 but was ceded to the Dutch by treaty in 1667. It became an autonomous territory under the Dutch crown in 1954 and gained independence in 1975. The country was named for the Surinam River but the meaning of that name is uncertain. (From Webster's New Geographical Dictionary, 1988, p1167 & Room, Brewer's Dictionary of Names, 1992, p526)

UI = D013532

 

Surrogate Mothers

AN = human only; check tags HUMAN, FEMALE & PREGNANCY

MS = Women who allow themselves to be impregnated with the understanding that the offspring are to be given over to the parents who have commissioned the surrogate.

UI = D013533

 

Survival

AN = survival after disasters, plane crashes, shipwrecks, mountain-slides, etc; TN 180: definition & use

MS = Continuance of life or existence especially under adverse conditions; includes methods and philosophy of survival.

UI = D013534

 

Survival Analysis

AN = IM GEN only; coord NIM with specific disease (IM); DF: SURVIVAL ANAL

MS = A class of statistical procedures for estimating the survival function (function of time, starting with a population 100% well at a given time and providing the percentage of the population still well at later times). The survival analysis is then used for making inferences about the effects of treatments, prognostic factors, exposures, and other covariates on the function.

UI = D016019

 

Survival Rate

AN = IM GEN only; coord NIM with disease /mortal (IM); specify geog if pertinent

MS = The proportion of survivors in a group, e.g., of patients, studied and followed over a period, or the proportion of persons in a specified group alive at the beginning of a time interval who survive to the end of the interval. It is often studied using life table methods.

UI = D015996

 

Survivors

MS = Persons who have experienced a prolonged survival after serious disease or who continue to live with a usually life-threatening condition as well as family members, significant others, or individuals surviving traumatic life events.

UI = D017741

 

Suspensions

AN = IM for general only, qualif permitted; NIM (no qualif) with specific drug IM (with qualif); /adv eff permitted but be careful: it may be the adv eff of the drug in suspension, not the "suspension"

MS = Colloids with liquid continuous phase and solid dispersed phase; the term is used loosely also for solid-in-gas (AEROSOL) and other colloidal systems; water-insoluble drugs may be given as suspensions.

UI = D013535

 

Suture Techniques

AN = do not use /util except by MeSH definition CATALOG: do not use /laboratory manuals

UI = D013536

 

Sutures

AN = /adv eff permitted but do not confuse adv eff of the suture with the adv eff of the material of which suture is made or the adv eff of the suture method

MS = Materials used in closing a surgical or traumatic wound. (From Dorland, 28th ed)

UI = D013537

 

Svalbard

UI = D013538

 

Swainsonine

AN = an antineoplastic from plant Swainsona canescens

MS = (1S-(1 alpha,2 alpha,8 beta,8a beta))-Octahydro-1,2,8-indolizinetriol. An indolizidine alkaloid from the plant Swainsona canescens that is a potent alpha-mannosidase inhibitor. Swainsonine also exhibits antimetastatic, antiproliferative, and immunomodulatory activity.

UI = D017026

 

Swayback

AN = animal only: disease of sheep; check tag ANIMAL; don't forget also SHEEP (NIM) but do not index under SHEEP DISEASES

MS = Congenital locomotor ataxia of lambs, thought to be associated with copper deficiency. It is characterized clinically by progressive incoordination of the hind limbs and pathologically by disruption of neuron and myelin development in the central nervous system. It is caused by a deficiency of metabolizable copper in the ewe during the last half of her pregnancy. (Dorland, 28th ed; Stedman, 26th ed)

UI = D013540

 

Swaziland

AN = a kingdom in southern Africa

MS = A kingdom in southern Africa, west of MOZAMBIQUE. Its capital is Mbabane. The area was settled by the Swazi branch of the Zulu nation in the early 1880's, with its independence guaranteed by the British and Transvaal governments in 1881 and 1884. With limited self-government introduced in 1962, it became independent in 1968. Swazi is the Zulu name for the people who call themselves Swati, from Mswati, the name of a 16th century king, from a word meaning stick or rod. (From Webster's New Geographical Dictionary, 1988, p1170 & Room, Brewer's Dictionary of Names, 1992, p527)

UI = D013541

 

Sweat

AN = TN 181: relation to SWEAT GLANDS & SWEATING

MS = The liquid secreted by the sweat glands, having a salty taste and a pH that varies from 4.5 to 7.5. Sweat produced by the eccrine sweat glands is clear with a faint characteristic odor, and contains water, sodium chloride, and traces of albumin, urea, and other compounds. Its composition varies with many factors, e.g., fluid intake, external temperature and humidity, and some hormonal activity. Sweat produced by the larger, deeper, apocrine sweat glands of the axillae contains, in addition, organic material which on bacterial decomposition produces an offensive odor. (From Dorland, 28th ed)

UI = D013542

 

Sweat Gland Diseases

AN = inflamm dis = HIDRADENITIS

MS = Diseases of the sweat glands.

UI = D013543

 

Sweat Gland Neoplasms

AN = /blood supply /chem /second /secret /ultrastruct permitted; coord IM with histol type of neopl (IM)

UI = D013544

 

Sweat Glands

AN = /secret: see also SWEAT or SWEATING: TN 181; inflammation = HIDRADENITIS

MS = The glands that secrete sweat, situated in the corium or subcutaneous tissue, and opening by a duct on the surface of the body. (Dorland, 28th ed.)

UI = D013545

 

Sweating

AN = TN 181: relation to SWEAT & SWEAT GLANDS; prickly heat: index under MILIARIA

UI = D013546

 

Sweating, Gustatory

AN = note category; excessive sweating of face after eating hot or spice food

MS = Excessive sweating of the forehead, upper lip, perioral region, or sternum subsequent to ingestion of hot or spicy foods. It may also be caused by tumors or other injuries to the parotid gland, as in auriculotemporal syndrome (Frey's disease). In this condition, thought to be due to some involvement of the auriculotemporal nerve, a red area and sweating on the cheek appear in connection with eating.

UI = D013547

 

Sweating Sickness

AN = a hist epidemic dis: see MeSH definition

MS = A disease characterized by fever and profuse sweating and associated with high mortality. It occurred in epidemic form five times in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries in England, first in 1485 and last in 1551. The disease tended to occur during the summer and early autumn, attacking the relatively affluent adult male population. The etiology was unknown. (Hunter PR. The English sweating sickness, with particular reference to the 1551 outbreak in Chester. Rev Infect Dis 1991;13(2):303-6, from abstract)

UI = D018614

 

Sweden

UI = D013548

 

Sweetening Agents

AN = D25-26 qualif

MS = Substances that sweeten food, beverages, medications, etc., such as sugar, saccharine or other low-calorie synthetic products. (From Random House Unabridged Dictionary, 2d ed)

UI = D013549

 

Sweet's Syndrome

AN = a form of erythema nodosum with upper resp infect

MS = Condition characterized by large, rapidly extending, erythematous, tender plaques on the upper body usually accompanied by fever and dermal infiltration of neutrophilic leukocytes. It occurs mostly in middle-aged women, is often preceded by an upper respiratory infection, and clinically resembles erythema multiforme. Sweet's syndrome may herald the appearance of leukemia.

UI = D016463

 

Swimming

AN = human & animal; /inj: coord IM with specific inj (IM); /physiol permitted; includes body-surfing, does not include surfboarding, windsurfing or water-skiing (index under SPORTS); consider also DIVING; index NIM for swimming in animal experiments on EXERTION

MS = An activity in which the body is propelled through water by specific movement of the arms and/or the legs. Swimming as propulsion through water by the movement of limbs, tail, or fins of animals is often studied as a form of EXERTION or endurance.

UI = D013550

 

Swimming Pools

UI = D013551

 

Swine

AN = includes boars & wart hogs; IM; qualif permitted; check tag MALE for barrow, FEMALE for sow & gilt

MS = Any of various animals that constitute the family Suidae and comprise stout-bodied, short-legged omnivorous mammals with thick skin, usually covered with coarse bristles, a rather long mobile snout, and small tail.

UI = D013552

 

Swine Diseases

AN = IM GEN or unspecified; coord IM with specific dis /vet (IM) or specific swine dis (IM); for abnormalities or injuries, index under SWINE /abnorm or SWINE /inj; don't forget also SWINE (NIM) & check tag ANIMAL; swine fever & swine plague = HOG CHOLERA; DF: SWINE DIS

MS = Diseases of domestic swine and of the wild boar of the genus Sus.

UI = D013553

 

Swine Erysipelas

AN = Erysipelothrix infect; don't forget also SWINE (NIM) & check tag ANIMAL

MS = An acute and chronic contagious disease of young pigs caused by Erysipelothrix insidiosa.

UI = D013554

 

Swine Infertility and Respiratory Syndrome Virus

AN = an arterivirus; infection = PORCINE REPRODUCTIVE AND RESPIRATORY SYNDROME; DF: note short X refs

MS = A species of ARTERIVIRUS causing reproductive and respiratory disease in pigs. The European strain is called Lelystad virus. Airborne transmission is common.

UI = D019316

 

Swine Vesicular Disease

AN = caused by an enterovirus; don't forget also SWINE (NIM) & check tag ANIMAL

MS = An enterovirus infection of swine clinically indistinguishable from foot-and-mouth disease, vesicular stomatitis, and vesicular exanthema.

UI = D013555

 

Swine, Miniature

AN = IM; qualif permitted; don't forget also SWINE (NIM) & check tag ANIMAL

MS = Genetically developed small pigs for use in biomedical research. There are several strains - Yucatan miniature, Sinclair miniature, and Minnesota miniature.

UI = D013556

 

Switzerland

UI = D013557

 

Sydnones

UI = D013558

 

Symbiosis

MS = The living together of organisms of different species.

UI = D013559

 

Symbolism

AN = no qualif; symbolism in art, music, literature, etc. goes here; graphic symbols go in a variety of places where pertinent (EMBLEMS AND INSIGNIA; LANGUAGE; COMMUNICATION; WRITING; etc.); coord IM with the object or concept symbolized (IM)

MS = A concept that stands for or suggests something else by reason of its relationship, association, convention, or resemblance. The symbolism may be mental or a visible sign or representation. (From Webster, 3d ed)

UI = D013561

 

Sympathectomy

AN = do not use /util except by MeSH definition; coord with nerve /surg or plexus /surg (IM or NIM) but note that GANGLIONECTOMY is also available: see note there; lumbar sympathectomy: coord with LUMBOSACRAL PLEXUS/surg; coord IM with disease /surg (IM)

MS = The removal or interruption of some part of the sympathetic nervous system for therapeutic or research purposes.

UI = D013562

 

Sympathectomy, Chemical

AN = do not use /util except by MeSH definition; coord IM with specific chemical (no qualif) (NIM) + disease /ther (IM); do not confuse with SYMPATHETIC NERVE BLOCK see AUTONOMIC NERVE BLOCK

MS = Sympathectomy using chemicals (e.g., 6-hydroxydopamine or guanethidine) which selectively and reversibly destroy adrenergic nerve endings while leaving cholinergic nerve endings intact.

UI = D013563

 

Sympathetic Fibers, Postganglionic

AN = do not confuse with PARASYMPATHETIC FIBERS, POSTGANGLIONIC

MS = Nerve fibers which project from sympathetic ganglia to synapses on target organs. Sympathetic postganglionic fibers use norepinephrine as transmitter, except for those innervating eccrine sweat glands (and possibly some blood vessels) which use acetylcholine. They may also release peptide cotransmitters.

UI = D017779

 

Sympathetic Nervous System

AN = /drug eff: consider also SYMPATHOLYTICS & SYMPATHOMIMETICS; /surg: probably SYMPATHECTOMY

MS = The thoracolumbar division of the autonomic nervous system. Sympathetic preganglionic fibers originate in neurons of the intermediolateral column of the spinal cord and project to the paravertebral and prevertebral ganglia, which in turn project to target organs. The sympathetic nervous system mediates the body's response to stressful situations, i.e., the fight or flight reactions. It often acts reciprocally to the parasympathetic system.

UI = D013564

 

Sympatholytics

AN = GEN or unspecified; prefer specifics; consider also SYMPATHETIC NERVOUS SYSTEM /drug eff

MS = Drugs that inhibit the actions of the sympathetic nervous system by any mechanism. The most common of these are the ADRENERGIC ANTAGONISTS and drugs that deplete norepinephrine or reduce the release of transmitters from adrenergic postganglionic terminals (see ADRENERGIC AGENTS). Drugs that act in the central nervous system to reduce sympathetic activity (e.g., centrally acting alpha-2 adrenergic agonists, see ADRENERGIC ALPHA-AGONISTS) are included here.

UI = D013565

 

Sympathomimetics

AN = GEN or unspecified; prefer specifics; cardiotonics; consider also SYMPATHETIC NERVOUS SYSTEM /drug eff

MS = Drugs that mimic the effects of stimulating postganglionic adrenergic sympathetic nerves. Included here are drugs that directly stimulate adrenergic receptors and drugs that act indirectly by provoking the release of adrenergic transmitters.

UI = D013566

 

Symphysiotomy

AN = do not use /util except by MeSH definition

UI = D013567

 

Symptoms and General Pathology

AN = not used for indexing CATALOG: do not use

MS = Manifestations of disease and pathological conditions which may occur in various diseases and different organs (From Dorland, 28th ed)

UI = D013568

 

Synapses

AN = A 11 qualif except /cytol /transpl; /genet permitted; /physiol: consider also SYNAPTIC TRANSMISSION (see note there)

MS = Specialized junctions at which a neuron communicates with a target cell. At classical synapses, a neuron's presynaptic terminal releases a chemical transmitter stored in synaptic vesicles which diffuses across a narrow synaptic cleft and activates receptors on the postsynaptic membrane of the target cell. The target may be a dendrite, cell body, or axon of another neuron, or a specialized region of a muscle or secretory cell. Neurons may also communicate through direct electrical connections which are sometimes called electrical synapses; these are not included here but rather in GAP JUNCTIONS.

UI = D013569

 

Synapsins

AN = nerve tissue proteins; /biosyn /drug eff /physiol /ultrastruct permitted

MS = A family of synaptic vesicle-associated proteins involved in the short-term regulation of neurotransmitter release. Synapsin I (Protein I), the predominant member of this family, links synaptic vesicles to actin filaments in the presynaptic nerve terminal. These interactions are modulated by the reversible phosphorylation of synapsin I through various signal transduction pathways. The protein is also a substrate for cAMP- and calcium-calmodulin-dependent protein kinases. It is believed that these functional properties are also shared by synapsin II (Protein III).

UI = D016704

 

Synaptic Membranes

AN = A 11 qualif except /cytol; /genet permitted

MS = Cell membranes associated with synapses. Both presynaptic and postsynaptic membranes are included along with their integral or tightly associated specializations for the release or reception of transmitters.

UI = D013570

 

Synaptic Transmission

AN = between nerves; differentiate X ref NEURAL TRANSMISSION from NEURAL CONDUCTION (along a single nerve); consider also NEURAL INHIBITION; neuromusc transm = NEUROMUSCULAR JUNCTION /physiol + SYNAPTIC TRANSMISSION

MS = The communication from a neuron to a target (neuron, muscle, or secretory cell) across a synapse. In chemical synaptic transmission, the presynaptic neuron releases a neurotransmitter that diffuses across the synaptic cleft and binds to specific synaptic receptors. These activated receptors modulate ion channels and/or second-messenger systems to influence the postsynaptic cell. Electrical transmission is less common in the nervous system, and, as in other tissues, is mediated by gap junctions.

UI = D009435

 

Synaptic Vesicles

AN = A 11 qualif except /cytol; /genet permitted

MS = Membrane-bound compartments which contain transmitter molecules. Synaptic vesicles are concentrated at presynaptic terminals. They actively sequester transmitter molecules from the cytoplasm. In at least some synapses, transmitter release occurs by fusion of these vesicles with the presynaptic membrane, followed by exocytosis of their contents.

UI = D013572

 

Synaptonemal Complex

AN = note category

MS = The three-part structure of ribbon-like proteinaceous material that serves to align and join the paired homologous chromosomes during the pachytene stage of meiotic division. It is a prerequisite for crossing-over.

UI = D013573

 

Synaptophysin

AN = a nerve tissue protein; /biosyn /drug eff /physiol /ultrastruct permitted

MS = A 38-kDa integral membrane glycoprotein of the presynaptic vesicles in neuron and neuroendocrine cells. It is expressed by a variety of normal and neoplastic neuroendocrine cells and is therefore used as an immunocytochemical marker for neuroendocrine differentiation in various tumors. In ALZHEIMER DISEASE and other dementing disorders there is an important synapse loss due in part to a decrease of synaptophysin in the presynaptic vesicles.

UI = D016708

 

Synaptosomes

AN = A 11 qualif except /cytol

MS = Pinched-off nerve endings and their contents of vesicles and cytoplasm together with the attached subsynaptic area of the membrane of the post-synaptic cell. They are largely artificial structures produced by fractionation after selective centrifugation of nervous tissue homogenates.

UI = D013574

 

Synchrotrons

AN = particle accelerators; do not confuse with SYNCHROCYCLOTRONS see CYCLOTRONS

MS = Devices for accelerating protons or electrons in closed orbits where the accelerating voltage and magnetic field strength varies (the accelerating voltage is held constant for electrons) in order to keep the orbit radius constant.

UI = D017356

 

Syncope

AN = temporary loss of consciousness; note X ref

MS = A temporary suspension of consciousness due to generalized cerebral ischemia; a faint or swoon. (Dorland, 27th ed)

UI = D013575

 

Syncope, Vasovagal

AN = a type of fainting caused by hypotension

MS = A transient vascular and neurogenic reaction marked by pallor, nausea, sweating, bradycardia, and rapid fall in arterial blood pressure which, when below a critical level, results in loss of consciousness and characteristic electroencephalographic changes. It is most often evoked by emotional stress associated with fear or pain. It is also called vasovagal attack and Gowers' syndrome. (Dorland, 28th ed, p159)

UI = D019462

 

Syndactyly

AN = do not use /congen & do not coord with INFANT, NEWBORN, DISEASES; do not confuse with POLYDACTYLY; coord IM with FINGERS /abnorm (IM) or TOES /abnorm (IM); ACROCEPHALOSYNDACTYLIA is also available CATALOG: do not use /in inf

MS = The most common congenital anomaly of the hand or foot, marked by persistence of the webbing between adjacent fingers or toes, so they are more or less completely attached. It is called complicated syndactyly if the bones or nails of the involved digits are fused. (Dorland, 27th ed)

UI = D013576

 

Syndrome

AN = IM; no qualif; policy: Manual 23.20.2.1, 23.26+

MS = A symptom complex characteristic of a particular abnormality.

UI = D013577

 

Syndrome X

AN = angina pectoris with positive exercise test & normal coronary arteriogram; do not confuse with Reaven syndrome X: index under INSULIN RESISTANCE

MS = Angina pectoris or angina-like chest pain with a normal coronary arteriogram and positive exercise test. The cause of the syndrome is unknown. While its recognition is of clinical importance, its prognosis is excellent. (Braunwald, Heart Disease, 4th ed, p1346; Jablonski Dictionary of Syndromes & Eponymic Diseases, 2d ed)

UI = D017566

 

Synechococcus Group

AN = a group of CYANOBACTERIA found in fresh & sea water

MS = Unicellular, coccoid to rod-shaped CYANOBACTERIA that divide by binary fission in a single plane. Their cells lack structured sheaths and range in diameter from 0.3 to 2.3 microns. These organisms are isolated from freshwater, marine, and hot spring environments. By examining morphological, physiological, and chemical properties it has been possible to subdivide this group into six "strain clusters". These clusters are equivalent to genera but have not been formalized.

UI = D017030

 

Synechocystis Group

AN = a group of CYANOBACTERIA found in fresh & sea water

MS = Unicellular CYANOBACTERIA that divide by binary fission in two or three successive planes at right angles to one another. Typically, the cells occur singly or in pairs. These organisms are isolated from freshwater and seawater environments. By examining morphological, physiological, and chemical properties it has been possible to subdivide this group into four "strain clusters". These clusters are equivalent to genera but have not been formalized.

UI = D017031

 

Synephrine

AN = a vasoconstrictor

MS = Sympathetic alpha-adrenergic agonist with actions like PHENYLEPHRINE. It is used as a vasoconstrictor in circulatory failure, asthma, nasal congestion, and glaucoma.

UI = D013578

 

Synostosis

AN = abnorm union between bones or parts of bones; do not use /congen & do not coord with INFANT, NEWBORN, DISEASES CATALOG: do not use /in inf

MS = A union between adjacent bones or parts of a single bone formed by osseous material, such as ossified connecting cartilage or fibrous tissue. (Dorland, 27th ed)

UI = D013580

 

Synovial Cyst

AN = non-neoplastic; wrist ganglion = WRIST (IM) + SYNOVIAL CYST (IM); /blood supply /chem /secret /ultrastruct permitted

MS = A nodular, tumorlike lesion in or about a tendon sheath or joint capsule, especially of the hands, wrists, or feet. It is not a true cyst as it lacks an epithelial wall, and it does not communicate with the underlying synovial space. The lesion represents a focal accumulation of mucin in the dermis of the dorsal aspect of the distal phalanges or, less often, other portions of the extremities.

UI = D013581

 

Synovial Fluid

MS = A transparent alkaline viscid fluid, resembling the white of an egg, secreted by the SYNOVIAL MEMBRANE and contained in joint cavities, bursae, and tendon sheaths. (Dorland, 27th ed)

UI = D013582

 

Synovial Membrane

AN = inflammation = SYNOVITIS

MS = The inner of the two layers of the articular capsule of a synovial joint, composed of loose connective tissue and having a free smooth surface that lines the joint cavity. It secretes the SYNOVIAL FLUID. (Dorland, 27th ed)

UI = D013583

 

Synovitis

AN = inflamm of synovial membrane: do not confuse with TENOSYNOVITIS, inflamm of tendon sheath

MS = Inflammation of a synovial membrane. It is usually painful, particularly on motion, and is characterized by a fluctuating swelling due to effusion within a synovial sac. (Dorland, 27th ed)

UI = D013585

 

Synovitis, Pigmented Villonodular

AN = usually in the knee

MS = Outgrowths of synovial membrane composed of villi and fibrous nodules characterized histologically by hemosiderin- and lipid-containing macrophages and multinucleated giant cells. It usually occurs in the knee.

UI = D013586

 

Syphilis

AN = Treponema infect; /diag will probably be SYPHILIS SERODIAGNOSIS: check for serol method; NEUROSYPHILIS & its indentions are also available

MS = A contagious venereal disease caused by the spirochete TREPONEMA PALLIDUM.

UI = D013587

 

Syphilis Serodiagnosis

AN = do not use /util except by MeSH definition; DF: SYPHILIS SERODIAG

MS = Serologic tests for syphilis.

UI = D013588

 

Syphilis, Cardiovascular

AN = coord IM with specific cardiovasc organ or dis (IM) but note X ref below

UI = D013589

 

Syphilis, Congenital

AN = do not use /congen & do not coord with INFANT, NEWBORN, DISEASES CATALOG: do not use /in inf

MS = Syphilis acquired in utero and manifested by any of several characteristic tooth (Hutchinson's teeth) or bone malformations and by active mucocutaneous syphilis at birth or shortly thereafter. Ocular and neurologic changes may also occur.

UI = D013590

 

Syphilis, Cutaneous

MS = Cutaneous lesions arising from infection with Treponema pallidum. In the primary stage, 18-21 days following infection, one or more chancres appear. If untreated, the subsequent stages of the disease appear as syphilids. These eruptions are superficial, nondestructive, exanthematic, transient, macular roseolas that may later be maculopapular or papular polymorphous or scaly, pustular, pigmented eruptions.(Arnold, Odom, and James, Andrew's Diseases of the Skin, 8th ed, p409)

UI = D013591

 

Syphilis, Latent

UI = D013592

 

Syria

UI = D013593

 

Syringes

MS = Instruments used for injecting or withdrawing fluids. (Stedman, 25th ed)

UI = D013594

 

Syringoma

AN = /blood supply /chem /secret /ultrastruct permitted; coord IM with SWEAT GLAND NEOPLASMS (IM)

MS = A benign tumor of the sweat glands which is usually multiple and results from malformation of sweat ducts. It is uncommon and more common in females than in males. It is most likely to appear at adolescence, and further lesions may develop during adult life. It does not appear to be hereditary. (Rook et al., Textbook of Dermatology, 4th ed, pp2407-8)

UI = D018252

 

Syringomyelia

UI = D013595

 

Systems Analysis

AN = no qualif

MS = The analysis of an activity, procedure, method, technique, or business to determine what must be accomplished and how the necessary operations may best be accomplished.

UI = D013597

 

Systems Integration

AN = no qualif

MS = The procedures involved in combining separately developed modules, components, or subsystems so that they work together as a complete system. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

UI = D018511

 

Systems Theory

AN = no qualif

MS = Principles, models, and laws that apply to complex interrelationships and interdependencies of sets of linked components which form a functioning whole, a system. Any system may be composed of components which are systems in their own right (sub-systems), such as several organs within an individual organism.

UI = D013598

 

Systole

AN = systolic pressure: index under BLOOD PRESSURE & do not add SYSTOLE (NIM) unless particularly discussed

MS = Period of contraction of the heart, especially of the ventricles.

UI = D013599

 

Szondi Test

MS = A projective test using pictures of several kinds of psychiatric patients, from which the subject selects two pictures he likes most and two he likes least from six sets of pictures. The distribution of selected cards is interpreted in terms of which type of patients the subject identifies with and which traits he rejects.

UI = D013600