Glossary of Bio-Medical Terms

T

RETURN TO INDEX

T-2 Toxin

AN = a mycotoxin produced by Fusarium

MS = (3 alpha,4 beta,8 alpha)-12,13-Epoxytrichothec-9-ene-3,4,8,15-tetrol 4,15-diacetate 8-(3-methylbutanoate). A potent mycotoxin produced in feedstuffs by several species of the genus FUSARIUM. It elicits a severe inflammatory reaction in animals and has teratogenic effects.

UI = D013605

 

3T3 Cells

AN = fibroblasts from Swiss mouse embryos; used in oncogenic virus transform studies; A 11 qualif; check ANIMAL & MICE but do not add FIBROBLASTS nor EMBRYO

MS = A cell line derived from fibroblasts of disaggregated Swiss mouse embryos. The line is a valuable in vitro host system for oncogenic virus transformation studies since 3T3 cells possess a high sensitivity to contact inhibition.

UI = D016475

 

Tabes Dorsalis

AN = a form of neurosyphilis

MS = Parenchymatous neurosyphilis in which there is slowly progressive degeneration of the posterior columns and posterior roots and ganglia of the spinal cord, occurring 15 to 20 years after the initial infection of syphilis, characterized by lancinating lightning pains, urinary incontinence, ataxia, impaired position and vibratory sense, optic atrophy, hypotonia, hyperreflexia, and trophic joint degeneration (Charcot's joints). It is also called Duchenne's disease, tabetic neurosyphilis, tabes, and tabes spinalis. (Dorland, 27th ed)

UI = D013606

 

Tables [Publication Type]

MS = Presentation of data in a tabular form.

UI = D020501

 

Tablets

AN = IM for general only, qualif permitted; NIM (no qualif) when drug in tablet form is IM (with qualif); /adv eff permitted but be careful: it may be the adv eff of the drug in the tablet, not the "tablet"

MS = Solid dosage forms, of varying weight, size, and shape, which may be molded or compressed, and which contain a medicinal substance in pure or diluted form. (Dorland, 28th ed)

UI = D013607

 

Tablets, Enteric-Coated

AN = IM for general only, qualif permitted; NIM (no qualif) when drug in tablet form is IM (with qualif); /adv eff permitted but be careful: it may be the adv eff of the drug in the tablet, not the "tablet"

MS = Tablets coated with material that delays release of the medication until after they leave the stomach. (Dorland, 28th ed)

UI = D013608

 

Taboo

MS = Any negative tradition or behavior that is generally regarded as harmful to social welfare and forbidden within a cultural or social group.

UI = D013609

 

Tacaribe Complex Viruses

AN = a group of viruses of the genus Arenavirus; Tacaribe is in Trinidad; infection: coord IM with HEMORRHAGIC FEVER, AMERICAN (IM); DF: note short X ref

MS = One of two groups of viruses in the ARENAVIRUS genus and considered part of the New World complex. It includes JUNIN VIRUS, PICHINDE VIRUS, Amapari virus, and Machupo virus among others. They are the cause of human hemorrhagic fevers mostly in Central and South America.

UI = D006477

 

Tachycardia

AN = excessively fast heart rate; GEN or unspecified: prefer specific types; TN 99: differentiate from HEART RATE; exercise tachycardia = HEART RATE (IM) + EXERTION (NIM)

MS = Excessive rapidity in the action of the heart. It usually displays a heart rate above 100 beats per minute.

UI = D013610

 

Tachycardia, Atrioventricular Nodal Reentry

AN = a supraventric tachycardia; DF: AVNRT

MS = A tachycardia characterized by rates between 150 and 250 beats per minute and a QRS complex of supraventricular origin.

UI = D013611

 

Tachycardia, Ectopic Atrial

AN = a supraventric tachycardia

MS = A tachycardia originating in the atrial myocardium and characterized by rates between 135 and 175 beats per minute.

UI = D013612

 

Tachycardia, Ectopic Junctional

AN = a supraventric tachycardia

MS = A tachycardia arising in the conduction tissues surrounding the atrioventricular node. It usually occurs during myocardial infarction, after heart surgery, or in digitalis intoxication. The rate may range from 140 to 250 beats per minute.

UI = D013613

 

Tachycardia, Paroxysmal

AN = tachycardia of sudden onset & cessation

MS = Condition marked by attacks of rapid action of the heart having sudden onset and cessation.

UI = D013614

 

Tachycardia, Sinoatrial Nodal Reentry

AN = a supraventric tachycardia

MS = A tachycardia arising from the sinus node region and characterized by rates between 115 and 140 beats per minute. It is paroxysmal rather than constant.

UI = D013615

 

Tachycardia, Sinus

AN = sinus refers to sinus node; a supraventric tachycardia

MS = A simple tachycardia with origin in the sinus node with gradual onset and termination.

UI = D013616

 

Tachycardia, Supraventricular

AN = GEN: prefer specific types of supraventric tachycardia; originates above the bundle of His: do not confuse with TACHYCARDIA, VENTRICULAR which originates below the bundle of His

MS = A generic expression for any tachycardia that originates above the BUNDLE OF HIS.

UI = D013617

 

Tachycardia, Ventricular

AN = originates below the bundle of His: do not confuse with TACHYCARDIA, SUPRAVENTRICULAR which originates above the bundle of His

MS = An abnormally rapid ventricular rhythm with wide QRS complexes, usually in excess of 150 per minute. It is generated within the ventricle, below the BUNDLE OF HIS, and is most commonly associated with atrioventricular dissociation.

UI = D017180

 

Tachykinins

AN = neurotransmitters; GEN or unspecified; prefer specifics; /biosyn /physiol permitted

MS = A family of biologically active peptides sharing a common conserved C-terminal sequence, -Phe-X-Gly-Leu-Met-NH2, where X is either an aromatic or a branched aliphatic amino acid. Members of this family have been found in mammals, amphibians, and mollusks. Tachykinins have diverse pharmacological actions in the central nervous system and the cardiovascular, genitourinary, respiratory, and gastrointestinal systems, as well as in glandular tissues. This diversity of activity is due to the existence of three or more subtypes of tachykinin receptors.

UI = D015320

 

Tachyphylaxis

AN = "rapidly decreasing response to a drug or physiol active agent after admin of a few doses"

MS = Rapidly decreasing response to a drug or physiologically active agent after administration of a few doses. In immunology, it is the rapid immunization against the effect of toxic doses of an extract or serum by previous injection of small doses. (Dorland, 28th ed)

UI = D013618

 

Tacrine

AN = a cholinesterase inhib & nootropic agent

MS = A cholinesterase inhibitor that crosses the blood-brain barrier. Tacrine has been used to counter the effects of muscle relaxants, as a respiratory stimulant, and in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease and other central nervous system disorders.

UI = D013619

 

Tacrolimus

AN = an immunosuppressant

MS = A macrolide isolated from the culture broth of a strain of Streptomyces tsukubaensis that has strong immunosuppressive activity in vivo and prevents the activation of T-lymphocytes in response to antigenic or mitogenic stimulation in vitro.

UI = D016559

 

Tajikistan

AN = use this spelling in translations

UI = D013620

 

Taenia

AN = a tapeworm: do not confuse with TINEA (ringworm, a disease); not for taenia coli ( = COLON); do not confuse X ref TAENIARHYNCHUS with Taeniorhyncus, a mosquito; infection = TAENIASIS; Taenia echinococcus = Echinococcus granulosus, its infection = ECHINOCOCCOSIS; larval form of Taenia saginata = Cysticercus bovis, its infection = CYSTICERCOSIS; Taenia solium = TAENIA, its larva = CYSTICERCUS; its infection = CYSTICERCOSIS or NEUROCYSTICERCOSIS; coord with specific precoord helminth term (ANTIGENS, HELMINTH, etc) if pertinent

MS = A genus of large tapeworms.

UI = D013621

 

Taeniasis

AN = tapeworm infect by Taenia but infect by Taenia larva (cysticerci) = CYSTICERCOSIS or NEUROCYSTICERCOSIS & by Taenia echinococcus or T. granulosus = ECHINOCOCCOSIS

MS = Infection with tapeworms of the genus Taenia.

UI = D013622

 

Tail

AN = avoid such combinations as TAIL /metab or TAIL /chem, etc. where tail is merely test tissue

UI = D013623

 

Taiwan

UI = D013624

 

Takayasu's Arteritis

AN = an aortic arch syndrome

MS = A thrombo-obliterative process of the great vessels stemming from the aortic arch, occurring generally in young women. Radial and carotid pulses are typically obliterated. Skin changes are due to the disturbed circulation. There may be loss of hair and atrophy of the skin and its appendages with underlying muscle atrophy. (Andrews' Diseases of the Skin, 8th ed)

UI = D013625

 

Talampicillin

MS = An ester of ampicillin which is readily hydrolysed on absorption to release ampicillin. It is well absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract resulting in a greater bioavailability of ampicillin than can be achieved with equivalent doses of ampicillin.

UI = D013626

 

Talc

AN = a magnesium silicate; talc granuloma = TALC /adv eff + GRANULOMA, FOREIGN-BODY /etiol (not /chem ind)

MS = Finely powdered native hydrous magnesium silicate. It is used as a dusting powder, either alone or with starch or boric acid, for medicinal and toilet preparations. It is also an excipient and filler for pills, tablets, and for dusting tablet molds. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)

UI = D013627

 

Talin

AN = a cytoplasmic protein; /drug eff /ultrastruct permitted

MS = A 235-kDa cytoplasmic protein that is also found in platelets. It has been localized to regions of cell-substrate adhesion. It binds to INTEGRINS, VINCULIN, and ACTINS and appears to participate in generating a transmembrane connection between the extracellular matrix and the cytoskeleton.

UI = D016608

 

Talus

AN = one of the TARSAL BONES, the "ankle bone"

MS = The second largest of the tarsal bones and occupies the middle and upper part of the tarsus.

UI = D013628

 

Tamoxifen

MS = A stilbene derivative with anti-estrogen activities. It competitively inhibits estradiol binding to estrogen receptor. Its action on estrogen binding also modulates production of autocrine growth factors.

UI = D013629

 

Tampons

MS = Pads or plugs made of cotton, sponge, or other material. They are variously used in surgery to plug the nose, vagina, etc., for the control of hemorrhage or the absorption of secretions. (From Dorland, 28th ed)

UI = D013630

 

Tandem Repeat Sequences

MS = Copies of DNA sequences which lie adjacent to each other in the same orientation (direct tandem repeats) or in the opposite direction to each other (inverted tandem repeats).

UI = D020080

 

Tangier Disease

AN = an alpha-lipoprotein defic; do not use /congen & do not coord with INFANT, NEWBORN, DISEASES CATALOG: do not use /in inf

MS = A familial lipoprotein deficiency caused by a decreased synthesis and increased catabolism of the apolipoprotein components A-L and A-II (apo A-I and apo A-II) of high-density lipoproteins (HDL) (LIPOPROTEINS, HDL). HDL is absent from plasma, and the other lipoproteins are abnormal. Cholesteryl esters accumulate in the reticuloendothelial cells. It is also called analphalipoproteinemia and familial high-density lipoprotein (HDL) deficiency. It was named after the Chesapeake Bay island where the first cases were identified. (Dorland, 27th ed; Magalini, Dictionary of Medical Syndromes, 3d ed)

UI = D013631

 

Tannic Acid

AN = an astringent, mordant & agent in tanning hides

MS = A lustrous powder, yellow to light-brown in color, that is found in tree bark (particularly oak), fruits, leaves, and tea. It is used medicinally as an astringent, commercially in tanning hides, and as a dye mordant. (Saunders Dictionary and Encyclopedia of Laboratory Medicine and Technology, 1984). It is also used as a histological fixative and stain.

UI = D013632

 

Tanning

AN = the leather industry, not suntanning; SPEC: SPEC qualif

MS = A process of preserving animal hides by chemical treatment (using vegetable tannins, metallic sulfates, and sulfurized phenol compounds, or syntans) to make them immune to bacterial attack, and subsequent treatments with fats and greases to make them pliable. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 5th ed)

UI = D013633

 

Tannins

AN = glycosides

MS = Any of a broad group of plant-derived phenolic compounds characterized by their ability to precipitate proteins. Some are more toxic than others, depending on their source. Those derived from nutgalls are believed to be carcinogens, while those found in tea and coffee may be virtually nontoxic. (Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, 12th ed)

UI = D013634

 

Tantalum

AN = Ta-181; Ta-180 = TANTALUM (IM) + ISOTOPES (NIM); Ta-172-179, 182-186 = TANTALUM (IM) + RADIOISOTOPES (IM)

MS = Tantalum. A rare metallic element, atomic number 73, atomic weight 180.948, symbol Ta. It is a noncorrosive and malleable metal that has been used for plates or disks to replace cranial defects, for wire sutures, and for making prosthetic devices. (Dorland, 28th ed)

UI = D013635

 

Tanzania

AN = a republic in eastern Africa, from TANganyika + ZANzibar

MS = A republic in eastern Africa, south of UGANDA and north of MOZAMBIQUE. Its capital is Dar es Salaam (House of Peace). It was formed in 1964 by a merger of the countries of Tanganyika and Zanzibar. The country has been dominated successively by Arabs, Portugal, Oman, Zanzibar, Germany, and Britain. It became a British mandate in 1920 as Tanganyika and became independent in 1961. It united with Zanzibar in 1964 as Tanzania. Tanganyika was named for the lake of that name, kou tanganyika meaning to join, i.e., the place where waters met and Zanzibar, from Zeni or Zengj, the name of a local people, meaning black + the Arabic barr, coast or shore. (From Webster's New Geographical Dictionary, 1988, p1186 & Room, Brewer's Dictionary of Names, 1992, p533, 609)

UI = D013636

 

Tape Recording

AN = IM CATALOG: form qualif /audiotapes, /audiotape catalogs & /audiocassettes are available

MS = Recording of information on magnetic or punched paper tape.

UI = D013637

 

Taq Polymerase

MS = A heat stable DNA-DIRECTED DNA POLYMERASE from the bacteria Thermus aquaticus. It is widely used for the amplification of genes through the process of POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION. EC 2.7.7.-.

UI = D019914

 

Tars

AN = D25-26 qualif

MS = Viscous materials composed of complex, high-molecular-weight compounds derived from the distillation of petroleum or the destructive distillation of wood or coal. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

UI = D013638

 

Tarsal Bones

AN = the 7 bones of the ankle of which the TALUS & CALCANEUS are available; note X refs, the remaining bones; do not confuse with TARSUS (area of articulation between foot & leg) nor with ANKLE (the area) or ANKLE JOINT; see note on TARSUS, ANIMAL

MS = The seven bones which form the tarsus - namely, CALCANEUS, TALUS, cuboid, navicular, and first, second and third cuneiforms. The tarsus is a skeletal part of the foot.

UI = D013639

 

Tarsal Joint

UI = D013640

 

Tarsal Tunnel Syndrome

AN = posterior tibial nerve compression

MS = Compression of the posterior tibial nerve caused by thickening of the laciniate ligament or by gouty or arthritic deposits around the ankle joint leading to symptoms of pain or paresthesia over the sole of the foot.

UI = D013641

 

Tarsiidae

AN = an anthropoid family of a single genus (Tarsius); IM; qualif permitted; disease: coord IM with specific dis /vet (IM)

MS = A family of the HAPLORHINI suborder of PRIMATES, consisting of one genus, Tarsius, that inhabits southern Sumatra, Borneo, Sulawesi, and the Philippines.

UI = D016699

 

Tarsus

AN = human only; a part of the foot: do not confuse with tarsus or tarsal referring to eyelid; TARSUS refers to the anat area, TARSAL BONES is available for the bones

MS = The region of the articulation between the foot and the leg.

UI = D013642

 

Tarsus, Animal

AN = TN 102, TN 117 & table: animal extremities

UI = D013643

 

Tartrates

UI = D013644

 

Tartrazine

AN = an orange-yellow dye; D25-26 qualif

MS = An anionic, hydrophilic azo dye with an orange-yellow color used in fabrics, foods and cosmetics, and as a biological stain.

UI = D013645

 

Tartronates

UI = D013646

 

Tar-Water

AN = infusion of tar in water; in hist articles

MS = A cold infusion of tar in water, formerly regarded as a cure-all. (Webster, 3d ed)

UI = D018725

 

Task Performance and Analysis

AN = do not use for anal of performance on individual tasks in learning exper; no qualif; DF: TASK PERFORMANCE

MS = The detailed examination of observable activity or behavior associated with the execution or completion of a required function or unit of work.

UI = D013647

 

Tasmania

AN = an island state of Australia

MS = An island south of Australia and the smallest state of the Commonwealth. Its capital is Hobart. It was discovered and named Van Diemen's Island in 1642 by Abel Tasman, a Dutch navigator, in honor of the Dutch governor-general of the Dutch East Indian colonies. It was renamed for the discoverer in 1853. In 1803 it was taken over by Great Britain and was used as a penal colony. It was granted government in 1856 and federated as a state in 1901. (From Webster's New Geographical Dictionary, 1988, p1190 & Room, Brewer's Dictionary of Names, p535)

UI = D013648

 

Taste

MS = The sensation or perception of certain qualities of substances put in the mouth, primarily sweet, sour, salt and bitter.

UI = D013649

 

Taste Buds

AN = chemoreceptors on the tongue, palate & pharynx

MS = Small sensory organs which contain gustatory receptor cells, basal cells, and supporting cells. Taste buds in humans are found in the epithelia of the tongue, palate, and pharynx. They are innervated by the CHORDA TYMPANI NERVE (a branch of the facial nerve) and the GLOSSOPHARYNGEAL NERVE.

UI = D013650

 

Taste Disorders

UI = D013651

 

Taste Threshold

MS = The minimum concentration at which taste sensitivity to a particular substance or food can be perceived.

UI = D013652

 

TATA Box

MS = A conserved A-T rich sequence which is contained in promoters for RNA polymerase II. The segment is seven base pairs long and the nucleotides most commonly found are TATAAAA.

UI = D016385

 

Tattooing

AN = do not restrict to Cat E2 concept: may apply to tattooing as body decoration among various cultures & as an aid in endoscopic procedures

MS = The insertion of permanent colors in the skin by introducing them through punctures. Tattooing of the cornea is the permanent coloring of the cornea chiefly to conceal leukomatous spots. (Dorland, 27th ed.)

UI = D013653

 

tau Proteins

AN = microtubule-assoc proteins; /biosyn /drug eff /physiol permitted

MS = One of the two major classes of microtubule-associated proteins isolated from the brain. The proteins have two domains: one that binds to microtubules and a second that binds to other cell components. By binding to several unpolymerized tubulin molecules simultaneously, tau proteins speed up the nucleation process in tubulin polymerization. Chemically modified tau proteins also appear to be involved in the formation and/or composition of the NEUROFIBRILLARY TANGLES and NEUROPIL THREADS found in ALZHEIMER DISEASE.

UI = D016875

 

Taurine

AN = /biosyn /physiol permitted

MS = 2-Aminoethanesulfonic acid. A conditionally essential nutrient, important during mammalian development. It is present in milk but is isolated mostly from ox bile and strongly conjugates bile acids.

UI = D013654

 

Taurochenodeoxycholic Acid

AN = a bile acid; /biosyn /physiol permitted

MS = A bile salt formed in the liver by conjugation of chenodeoxycholate with taurine, usually as the sodium salt. It acts as detergent to solubilize fats in the small intestine and is itself absorbed. It is used as a cholagogue and choleretic.

UI = D013655

 

Taurocholic Acid

AN = a bile acid; /biosyn /physiol permitted

MS = The product of conjugation of cholic acid with taurine. Its sodium salt is the chief ingredient of the bile of carnivorous animals. It acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for absorption and is itself absorbed. It is used as a cholagogue and cholerectic.

UI = D013656

 

Taurodeoxycholic Acid

AN = a bile acid; /biosyn /physiol permitted

MS = A bile salt formed in the liver by conjugation of deoxycholate with taurine, usually as the sodium salt. It is used as a cholagogue and choleretic, also industrially as a fat emulsifier.

UI = D013657

 

Taurolithocholic Acid

AN = a bile acid; /biosyn /physiol permitted

MS = A bile salt formed in the liver from lithocholic acid conjugation with taurine, usually as the sodium salt. It solubilizes fats for absorption and is itself absorbed. It is a cholagogue and choleretic.

UI = D013658

 

Tax Equity and Fiscal Responsibility Act

AN = specify state if given CATALOG: use NAF entry

MS = PL97-248. Title II of the Act specifies "provisions relating to savings in health and income security programs." This includes changes in payment for services, benefits and premiums of Medicare as well as changes in provisions under Medicaid and other specific programs covered by Social Security. Title II includes various revenue measures.

UI = D013659

 

Tax Exemption

AN = coord IM with subject of tax (IM); specify geog

MS = Status not subject to taxation; as the income of a philanthropic organization. Tax-exempt organizations may also qualify to receive tax-deductible donations if they are considered to be nonprofit corporations under Section 501(c)3 of the United States Internal Revenue Code.

UI = D019464

 

Taxes

AN = coord IM with subject of tax (IM); specify geog; INCOME TAX is also available CATALOG: /geog /form

MS = Governmental levies on property, inheritance, gifts, etc.

UI = D013660

 

Tay-Sachs Disease

AN = a gangliosidosis caused by hexosaminidase defic; do not use /congen & do not coord with INFANT, NEWBORN, DISEASES CATALOG: do not use /in inf

MS = Inborn deficiency of hexosaminidase A inherited as an autosomal recessive trait, seen mainly in Ashkenazic Jews, leading to accumulation of G(M2) ganglioside in neurons. It manifests clinically as psychomotor retardation and deterioration, blindness, cherry red spot in the macula, and death at 3-4 years.

UI = D013661

 

Tea

AN = as plant & beverage; restrict to drink prepared from tea plant, Camellia sinensis (formerly Thea sinensis); "teas" from other plants go under plant term (IM) + BEVERAGES (IM)

MS = Camellia sinensis, formerly Thea sinensis. An evergreen Asiatic shrub of the Theaceae family. The leaves and flowers contain CAFFEINE, THEOPHYLLINE, oils, and tannins. The infusion of leaves of this plant is used as a beverage.

UI = D013662

 

Teaching

AN = teacher as the imparter of knowledge goes here, not under FACULTY which is differentiated from student or administrator: Manual 30.25

MS = The educational process of instructing.

UI = D013663

 

Teaching Materials

MS = Instructional materials used in teaching.

UI = D013664

 

Tear Gases

MS = Gases that irritate the eyes, throat, or skin. Severe lacrimation develops upon irritation of the eyes.

UI = D013665

 

Tears

AN = lacrimation = TEARS /secret unless LACRIMAL APPARATUS /secret or LACRIMAL APPARATUS /physiol is particularly discussed; epiphora: index under LACRIMAL APPARATUS DISEASES; IGA in tears: index TEARS (IM) + IGA, SECRETORY (IM)

MS = The watery secretion of the lacrimal glands which serve to moisten the conjunctiva; the secretion is slightly alkaline and saline. (From Dorland, 28th ed)

UI = D013666

 

Technetium

AN = naturally radioactive; IM; note X ref: many specific Technetium Tc 99m terms are available

MS = The first artificially produced element and a radioactive fission product of URANIUM. The stablest isotope has a mass number 99 and is used diagnostically as a radioactive imaging agent. Technetium has the atomic symbol Tc, atomic number 43, and atomic weight 98.91.

UI = D013667

 

Technetium Compounds

AN = GEN or unspecified; prefer specifics; DF: TECHNETIUM CPDS

MS = Inorganic compounds that contain technetium as an integral part of the molecule.

UI = D017556

 

Technetium Tc 99m Aggregated Albumin

AN = as label, use /diag use; DF: TC HSA

MS = A gamma-emitting radionuclide imaging agent used for the diagnosis of diseases in many tissues, particularly in cardiovascular and cerebral circulation.

UI = D013668

 

Technetium Tc 99m Diethyl-iminodiacetic Acid

AN = as label, use/diag use; DF: TC EHIDA

MS = A nontoxic radiopharmaceutical that is used in the clinical evaluation of hepatobiliary disorders in humans.

UI = D019784

 

Technetium Tc 99m Dimercaptosuccinic Acid

AN = as label, use/diag use; DF: TC DMSA

MS = A nontoxic radiopharmaceutical that is used in the diagnostic imaging of the renal cortex.

UI = D019783

 

Technetium Tc 99m Disofenin

AN = as label, use/diag use; DF: TC DISIDA

MS = A radiopharmaceutical used extensively in cholescintigraphy for the evaluation of hepatobiliary diseases. (From Int Jrnl Rad Appl Inst 1992;43(9):1061-4)

UI = D019785

 

Technetium Tc 99m Exametazime

AN = as label, use /diag use; DF: TC HMPAO

MS = A gamma-emitting radionuclide imaging agent used in the evaluation of regional cerebral blood flow and in non-invasive dynamic biodistribution studies and myocardial imaging. It has also been used to label leukocytes in the investigation of inflammatory bowel diseases.

UI = D019690

 

Technetium Tc 99m Lidofenin

AN = as label, use/diag use; DF: TC HIDA

MS = A nontoxic radiopharmaceutical that is used in the clinical evaluation of hepatobiliary disorders in humans. (J Nucl Med 1977;18(10):997-1004)

UI = D019780

 

Technetium Tc 99m Medronate

AN = as label, use /diag use; DF: TC MEDRONATE

MS = A gamma-emitting radionuclide imaging agent used primarily in skeletal scintigraphy. Because of its absorption by a variety of tumors, it is useful for the detection of neoplasms.

UI = D013669

 

Technetium Tc 99m Mertiatide

AN = as label, use /diag use; DF: TC MERTIATIDE

MS = A technetium diagnostic aid used in renal function determination.

UI = D017263

 

Technetium Tc 99m Pentetate

AN = as label, use /diag use; DF: TCDTPA

MS = A technetium imaging agent used in renal scintigraphy, computed tomography, lung ventilation imaging, gastrointestinal scintigraphy, and many other procedures which employ radionuclide imaging agents.

UI = D016284

 

Technetium Tc 99m Pyrophosphate

AN = as label, use /diag use; DF: TC PYRO or TC PYP

MS = A radionuclide imaging agent used primarily in scintigraphy or tomography of the heart to evaluate the extent of the necrotic myocardial process. It has also been used in noninvasive tests for the distribution of organ involvement in different types of amyloidosis and for the evaluation of muscle necrosis in the extremities.

UI = D016698

 

Technetium Tc 99m Sestamibi

AN = as label, use /diag use

MS = A technetium imaging agent used to reveal blood-starved cardiac tissue during a heart attack.

UI = D017256

 

Technetium Tc 99m Sulfur Colloid

AN = as label, use /diag use; DF: TC SULFUR COLLOID

MS = A gamma-emitting radionuclide imaging agent used for the diagnosis of diseases in many tissues, particularly in the gastrointestinal system, liver, and spleen.

UI = D013671

 

Technical Report [Publication Type]

AN = publication type only

MS = A formal report giving details of the investigation and results of a medical or other scientific problem. When issued by a government agency or comparable official body, its contents may be classified, unclassified, or declassified with regard to security clearance. This publication type may also cover a scientific paper or article that records the current state or current position of scientific research and development. If so labeled by the editor or publisher, this publication type may be properly used for journal articles.

UI = D016427

 

Technology

AN = SPEC: SPEC qualif; DF: TECHNOL

MS = The application of scientific knowledge to practical purposes in any field. It includes methods, techniques, and instrumentation.

UI = D013672

 

Technology Assessment, Biomedical

AN = restrict to MeSH definition: do not use as routine coord for "evaluation" of a specific technique or "technol"; DF: TECHNOL ASSESS BIOMED

MS = Evaluation of biomedical technology in relation to cost, efficacy, utilization, etc., and its future impact on social, ethical, and legal systems.

UI = D013673

 

Technology, Dental

AN = SPEC: SPEC qualif; DF: TECHNOL DENT

MS = The field of dentistry involved in procedures for designing and constructing dental appliances. It includes also the application of any technology to the field of dentistry.

UI = D013674

 

Technology, High-Cost

AN = costly advanced technol; DF: TECHNOL HIGH COST

MS = Advanced technology that is costly, requires highly skilled personnel, and is unique in its particular application. Includes innovative, specialized medical/surgical procedures as well as advanced diagnostic and therapeutic equipment.

UI = D013675

 

Technology, Industry, and Agriculture

AN = not used for indexing CATALOG: do not use

UI = D013676

 

Technology, Medical

AN = SPEC: SPEC qualif; DF: TECHNOL MED

MS = The application of scientific knowledge or technology to the field of medicine. It includes a variety of medical diagnostic and clinical laboratory procedures. Medical technology is also considered a specialty.

UI = D013677

 

Technology, Medical Laboratory

AN = SPEC: SPEC qualif; includes technol for investigative, diag & ther procedures; DF: TECHNOL MED LABORATORY

MS = The application of scientific knowledge or technology in medical laboratories as facilities equipped to carry out investigative procedures in the diagnosis and therapy of disease. It includes methods, techniques, and instrumentation used in medical laboratories.

UI = D019411

 

Technology, Pharmaceutical

AN = SPEC: SPEC qualif; DF: TECHNOL PHARM

MS = The application of scientific knowledge or technology to pharmacy, pharmacology, and the pharmaceutical industry. It includes methods, techniques, and instrumentation in the manufacture, preparation, compounding, dispensing, packaging, and storing of drugs and other preparations used in diagnostic and determinative procedures and in the treatment of patients.

UI = D013678

 

Technology, Radiologic

AN = SPEC: SPEC qualif; do not confuse with RADIOGRAPHY ( = x-ray diag); TECHNOLOGY, RADIOLOGIC is not restricted to radiography & the emphasis is on the technol; IM general only, NIM as the technol coord for a specific radiologic technol; DF: TECHNOL RADIOL

MS = The application of scientific knowledge or technology to the field of radiology. The applications center mostly around x-ray or radioisotopes for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes but the technological applications of any radiation or radiologic procedure is within the scope of radiologic technology.

UI = D013679

 

Technology Transfer

AN = transfer geographically, between disciplines or between govt & non-govt sectors; DF: TECHNOL TRANSFER

MS = Spread and adoption of inventions and techniques from one geographic area to another, from one discipline to another, or from one sector of the economy to another. For example, improvements in medical equipment may be transferred from industrial countries to developing countries, advances arising from aerospace engineering may be applied to equipment for persons with disabilities, and innovations in science arising from government research are made available to private enterprise.

UI = D018581

 

Tectiviridae

AN = a family of lipid-containing bacteriophages

MS = A family of lipid-containing bacteriophages with double capsids which infect both gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. It has one genus, Tectivirus.

UI = D017916

 

Tectorial Membrane

MS = A gelatinous membrane, attached to the bony spiral lamina, which overlies the hair cells within the cochlea of the inner ear.

UI = D013680

 

Tedelparin

AN = a low-molec weight heparin fraction

MS = A low-molecular-weight fragment of heparin, prepared by nitrous acid depolymerization of porcine mucosal heparin. The mean molecular weight is 4000-6000 daltons. It is used therapeutically as an antithrombotic agent. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)

UI = D017985

 

Tegafur

AN = an antineoplastic antimetabolite

MS = 5-Fluoro-1-(tetrahydro-2-furanyl)-2,4-(1H,3H)-pyrimidinedione. Congener of FLUOROURACIL with comparable antineoplastic action. It has been suggested especially for the treatment of breast neoplasms.

UI = D005641

 

Tegmentum Mesencephali

AN = do not confuse with TECTUM MESENCEPHALI

UI = D013681

 

Teichoic Acids

AN = bact polysaccharides

MS = Bacterial polysaccharides that are rich in phosphodiester linkages. They are the major components of the cell walls and membranes of many bacteria.

UI = D013682

 

Teicoplanin

AN = a glycopeptide antibiotic

MS = Glycopeptide antibiotic complex from Actinoplanes teichomyceticus active against gram-positive bacteria. It consists of five major components each with a different fatty acid moiety.

UI = D017334

 

Telangiectasia, Hereditary Hemorrhagic

AN = multiple telangiectases; note short X ref

MS = An autosomal dominant vascular anomaly characterized by the presence of multiple small telangiectases of the skin, mucous membranes, gastrointestinal tract, and other organs, associated with recurrent episodes of bleeding from affected sites and gross or occult melena. (Dorland, 27th ed)

UI = D013683

 

Telangiectasis

AN = dilation of tiny blood vessels

MS = Permanent dilation of preexisting blood vessels (capillaries, arterioles, venules) creating small focal red lesions, usually in the skin or mucous membranes. The lesion may present as a coarse or fine red line or as a punctum with radiating limbs. (From Dorland, 27th ed)

UI = D013684

 

Telecommunications

MS = Transmission of signs, signals, writing, images, sounds, or data of any nature by wire, radio, or other electromagnetic equipment.

UI = D013685

 

Telefacsimile

AN = do not use /util except by MeSH definition; DF: note short X ref

MS = A telecommunication system combining the transmission of a document scanned at a transmitter, its reconstruction at a receiving station, and its duplication there by a copier.

UI = D016636

 

Telemedicine

AN = "deliv of health serv via remote telecommun"; note specifics; DF: TELEMED

MS = Delivery of health services via remote telecommunications. This includes interactive consultative and diagnostic services.

UI = D017216

 

Telemetry

AN = coord IM or NIM with specific procedure if relevant (IM or NIM); do not use /util except by MeSH definition

MS = Transmission of the readings of instruments to a remote location by means of wires, radio waves, or other means. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

UI = D013686

 

Telencephalon

MS = Paired anteriolateral evaginations of the prosencephalon plus the lamina terminalis. The cerebral hemispheres are derived from it.

UI = D013687

 

Telepathology

AN = "transm & interpret of tissue specimens via remote telecommun"; DF: TELEPATHOL

MS = Transmission and interpretation of tissue specimens via remote telecommunication, generally for the purpose of diagnosis or consultation but may also be used for continuing education.

UI = D019113

 

Telepathy

MS = The knowledge or communication by one person with the mental processes of another through channels other than known physical or perceptual processes.

UI = D013688

 

Telephone

AN = modem: index under TELECOMMUNICATIONS

MS = An instrument for reproducing sounds especially articulate speech at a distance. (Webster, 3rd ed)

UI = D013689

 

Teleradiology

AN = "electronic transm of radiol images"; DF: TELERADIOL

MS = The electronic transmission of radiological images from one location to another for the purposes of interpretation and/or consultation. Users in different locations may simultaneously view images with greater access to secondary consultations and improved continuing education. (From American College of Radiology, ACR Standard for Teleradiology, 1994, p3)

UI = D019112

 

Television

AN = for color TV do not coord with COLOR unless specifically emphasized & then NIM only

MS = The transmission and reproduction of transient images of fixed or moving objects. An electronic system of transmitting such images together with sound over a wire or through space by apparatus that converts light and sound into electrical waves and reconverts them into visible light rays and audible sound. (From Webster, 3rd ed)

UI = D013690

 

Tellurium

AN = Te-130; Te-120, 122-126, 128 = TELLURIUM (IM) + ISOTOPES (NIM); Te-115-119, 121, 127, 129, 131-135 = TELLURIUM (IM) + RADIOISOTOPES (IM)

MS = Tellurium. An element that is a member of the chalcogen family. It has the atomic symbol Te, atomic number 52, and atomic weight 127.60. It has been used as a coloring agent and in the manufacture of electrical equipment. Exposure may cause nausea, vomiting, and CNS depression.

UI = D013691

 

Telomere

AN = terminal section of a chromosome involved in chromosomal replication & stability; A 11 qualif except /cytol; /genet permitted

MS = A terminal section of a chromosome which has a specialized structure and which is involved in chromosomal replication and stability. Its length is believed to be a few hundred base pairs.

UI = D016615

 

Telomerase

MS = Essential ribonucleoprotein reverse transcriptase that adds telomeric DNA to the ends of eukaryotic chromosomes. Telomerase appears to be repressed in normal human somatic tissues but reactivated in cancer, and thus may be necessary for malignant transformation. EC 2.7.7.-.

UI = D019098

 

Telophase

AN = final phase of cell div; NIM specific cell when merely test cell; coord with specific cell /cytol; permitted with micro-organisms

MS = The final phase of cell division, in which two daughter nuclei are formed, the cytoplasm divides, and the chromosomes lose their distinctness and are transformed into chromatin networks.

UI = D013692

 

Temazepam

AN = an anti-anxiety agent

MS = A benzodiazepinone that acts as a GABA modulator and anti-anxiety agent.

UI = D013693

 

Temefos

AN = an organothiophosphate insecticide; TN 111 for eff on insects

MS = An organothiophosphate insecticide.

UI = D000002

 

Temperament

MS = Predisposition to react to one's environment in a certain way; usually refers to mood changes.

UI = D013694

 

Temperance

AN = "abstinence from alcohol" CATALOG: do not use /pop wks

MS = Abstinence from alcohol.

UI = D013695

 

Temperature

AN = no qualif; prefer to specify HEAT or COLD

UI = D013696

 

Temperature Sense

MS = The sensation of cold, heat, coolness, and warmth.

UI = D013697

 

Templates

AN = biol context only: not for metal templates or patterns or gauges; NIM; no qualif

MS = Macromolecular moulds for the synthesis of complementary macromolecules, as in DNA replication, transcription of DNA to RNA, and translation of RNA into polypeptides.

UI = D013698

 

Temporal Arteries

AN = inflammation = TEMPORAL ARTERITIS

MS = Arteries arising from the external carotid or the maxillary artery and distributing to the temporal region.

UI = D013699

 

Temporal Arteritis

MS = A systemic disease of people over 50 years old. It is characterized by a necrotizing panarteritis with granulomas and giant cells, which produce unilateral headache and tenderness in the scalp over the temporal or occipital arteries. Erythema and the affected artery become evident as a hard, pulsating, tender bulge under red or cyanotic skin. Scalp gangrene may also be present. (From Andrews' Diseases of the Skin, 8th ed, p971)

UI = D013700

 

Temporal Bone

AN = fractures: coord TEMPORAL BONE /inj (IM) + SKULL FRACTURES (IM); neopl: coord IM with SKULL NEOPLASMS (IM)

UI = D013701

 

Temporal Lobe

AN = dis: coord IM with BRAIN DISEASES (IM); neopl: coord IM with BRAIN NEOPLASMS (IM)

MS = Lower lateral part of the cerebral hemisphere.

UI = D013702

 

Temporal Muscle

MS = A masticatory muscle whose action is closing the jaws; its posterior portion retracts the mandible.

UI = D013703

 

Temporomandibular Joint

AN = DF: TMJ

UI = D013704

 

Temporomandibular Joint Disk

AN = disk displacement: coord IM with DISLOCATIONS (IM); DF: TMJ DISK

MS = A plate of fibrous tissue that divides the temporomandibular joint into an upper and lower cavity. The disk is attached to the articular capsule and moves forward with the condyle in free opening and protrusion. (Boucher's Clinical Dental Terminology, 4th ed, p92)

UI = D019224

 

Temporomandibular Joint Disorders

AN = GEN or unspecified; TEMPOROMANDIBULAR JOINT DYSFUNCTION SYNDROME is also available; DF: TMJ DIS

MS = A variety of conditions affecting the anatomic and functional characteristics of the temporomandibular joint. Factors contributing to the complexity of temporomandibular diseases are its relation to dentition and mastication and the symptomatic effects in other areas which account for referred pain to the joint and the difficulties in applying traditional diagnostic procedures to temporomandibular joint pathology where tissue is rarely obtained and x-rays are often inadequate or nonspecific. Common diseases are developmental abnormalities, trauma, subluxation, luxation, arthritis, and neoplasia. (From Thoma's Oral Pathology, 6th ed, pp577-600)

UI = D013705

 

Temporomandibular Joint Dysfunction Syndrome

AN = DF: note short X ref TMJ SYNDROME

MS = A symptom complex consisting of pain, muscle tenderness, clicking in the joint, and limitation or alteration of mandibular movement. The symptoms are subjective and manifested primarily in the masticatory muscles rather than the temporomandibular joint itself. Etiologic factors are uncertain but include occlusal dysharmony and psychophysiologic factors.

UI = D013706

 

Tenascin

AN = an extracellular matrix protein

MS = Hexameric extracellular matrix glycoprotein transiently expressed in many developing organs and often re-expressed in tumors. It is present in the central and peripheral nervous systems as well as in smooth muscle and tendons. (From Kreis & Vale, Guidebook to the Extracellular Matrix and Adhesion Proteins, 1993, p93)

UI = D019063

 

Tendinitis

AN = inflamm of tendons: do not confuse with TENOSYNOVITIS, inflamm of tendon sheath

MS = Inflammation of tendons and of tendon-muscle attachments. (Dorland, 27th ed)

UI = D013707

 

Tendon Injuries

MS = Injuries to the fibrous cords of connective tissue which attach muscles to bones or other structures.

UI = D013708

 

Tendon Transfer

AN = do not use /util except by MeSH definition; do not confuse with TENDONS /transpl

MS = Surgical procedure by which a tendon is incised at its insertion and placed at an anatomical site distant from the original insertion. The tendon remains attached at the point of origin and takes over the function of a muscle inactivated by trauma or disease.

UI = D013709

 

Tendons

AN = IM; tendon rupt = TENDON INJURIES (IM) + RUPTURE (NIM); /surg: consider TENDON TRANSFER; /transpl permitted: do not confuse with TENDON TRANSFER; for specifically located tendons coord IM with general area of tendon, not a bone term, as metacarpal tendon: TENDONS (IM) + HAND or FINGERS (IM), not METACARPUS; "false tendons" of heart = PURKINJE FIBERS (see note there); tendon reflex = REFLEX, TENDON see REFLEX, STRETCH

UI = D013710

 

Tendons, Para-Articular

UI = D013711

 

Tenebrio

AN = beetle; /microbiol /parasitol /virol permitted

MS = A genus of beetles which infests grain products. Its larva is called mealworm.

UI = D013712

 

Teniposide

MS = A semisynthetic derivative of PODOPHYLLOTOXIN that exhibits antitumor activity. Teniposide inhibits DNA synthesis by forming a complex with topoisomerase II and DNA. This complex induces breaks in double stranded DNA and prevents repair by topoisomerase II binding. Accumulated breaks in DNA prevent cells from entering into the mitotic phase of the cell cycle, and lead to cell death. Teniposide acts primarily in the G2 and S phases of the cycle.

UI = D013713

 

Tennessee

UI = D013714

 

Tennis

AN = /inj: coord IM with specific inj (IM); /physiol permitted

MS = A game played by two or four players with rackets and an elastic ball on a level court divided by a low net.

UI = D013715

 

Tennis Elbow

AN = in "housewives, artisans & violinists" as well as in tennis players; do not coord with TENNIS (NIM) unless the sport is particularly discussed; do not coord with ATHLETIC INJURIES (IM) unless tennis elbow is discussed as an athletic inj

MS = A condition characterized by pain in or near the lateral humeral epicondyle or in the forearm extensor muscle mass as a result of unusual strain. It occurs in tennis players as well as housewives, artisans, and violinists.

UI = D013716

 

Tenosynovitis

AN = inflamm of a tendon sheath: do not confuse with TENDINITIS (inflamm of tendon) or SYNOVITIS (inflamm of synovial membrane); do not confuse X ref DE QUERVAIN DISEASE with de Quervain's dis of thyroid ( = DE QUERVAIN THYROIDITIS see THYROIDITIS, SUBACUTE)

MS = Inflammation of a tendon sheath. Causes include trauma, tendon stress, bacterial disease (gonorrhea, tuberculosis), rheumatic disease, and gout. Common sites are the shoulder capsule, hip capsule, hamstring muscles, and Achilles tendon. The tendon sheaths become inflamed and painful, and accumulate fluid. Joint mobility is usually reduced. Friction rubs may be felt or heard (with a stethoscope) on movement. Calcium deposits may occur in the tendon and its sheath, leading to opacities on radiographs of the affected area. (Saunders Dictionary & Encyclopedia of Laboratory Medicine and Technology, 1984)

UI = D013717

 

Tensile Strength

AN = NIM; do not confuse with COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH

MS = The maximum stress a material subjected to a stretching load can withstand without tearing. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 5th ed, p2001)

UI = D013718

 

Tension Headache

MS = A headache, usually bilateral, often with occipital-nuchal, temporal, or frontal predominance, or with diffuse extension over the top of the cranium. It is provoked by fatigue and nervous strain and is associated with depression, worry, and anxiety. While mainly in adults of both sexes, it is more frequent in women. Its incidence is probably as great as that of MIGRAINE but unlike it, infrequently begins in childhood or adolescence. (From Adams & Victor, Principles of Neurology, 5th ed, p155, p161)

UI = D018781

 

Tensor Tympani

MS = Tensor muscle of the tympanic membrane that draws the handle of the malleus medialward and tenses the tympanic membrane. (Stedman, 25th ed)

UI = D013719

 

Tenuazonic Acid

AN = an antineoplastic antibiotic

MS = 3-Acetyl-5-sec-butyl-4-hydroxy-3-pyrrolin-2-one. A metabolite found in a strain of the fungus Alternaria tenuis Auct. which functions as an antibiotic with antiviral and antineoplastic properties, and may also act as a mycotoxin.

UI = D013720

 

Triethylenephosphoramide

AN = a chemosterilant & alkylating antineoplastic

MS = An insect chemosterilant and an antineoplastic agent.

UI = D013721

 

Teprotide

AN = an ACE inhib

MS = 2-L-Tryptophan-3-de-L-leucine-4-de-L-proline-8-L-glutamine bradykinin potentiator B. A synthetic nonapeptide with the sequence Pyr-Trp-Pro-Arg-Pro-Gln-Ile-Pro-Pro, which is identical to that of the peptide from the venom of the snake, Bothrops jararaca. It acts as an inhibitor of kininase II and angiotensin I and has been proposed as an antihypertensive agent.

UI = D013722

 

Teratocarcinoma

AN = /blood supply /chem /second /secret /ultrastruct; coord IM with probably TESTICULAR NEOPLASMS (IM)

MS = A malignant neoplasm consisting of elements of teratoma with those of embryonal carcinoma or choriocarcinoma, or both. It occurs most often in the testis. (Dorland, 27th ed)

UI = D018243

 

Teratogens

AN = be careful: "teratogenic effect" of a drug or chem is probably ABNORMALITIES, DRUG-INDUCED + drug or chem named (with required qualif) & not TERATOGENS

MS = An agent that causes the production of physical defects in the developing embryo.

UI = D013723

 

Teratology

AN = SPEC: SPEC qualif; corresponding dis term is ABNORMALITIES; consider also MONSTERS; DF: TERATOL

MS = That division of embryology which deals with abnormal development and congenital malformations. (From Dorland, 27th ed)

UI = D018600

 

Teratoma

AN = /blood supply /chem /second /secret /ultrastruct permitted; coord IM with precoord organ/neopl term (IM)

MS = A true neoplasm composed of a number of different types of tissue, none of which is native to the area in which it occurs. It is composed of tissues that are derived from three germinal layers, the endoderm, mesoderm, and ectoderm. They may be solid or cystic and are classified histologically as mature, immature, and malignant. (From Dorland, 27th ed & DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles & Practice of Oncology, 3d ed, p1642)

UI = D013724

 

Terbium

AN = a rare earth metal; Tb-159; Tb-147-158, 160-164 = TERBIUM (IM) + RADIOISOTOPES (IM)

MS = Terbium. An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Tb, atomic number 65, and atomic weight 158.92.

UI = D013725

 

Terbutaline

AN = a bronchodilator & tocolytic

MS = A selective beta-2 adrenergic agonist used as a bronchodilator and tocolytic.

UI = D013726

 

Terfenadine

AN = a histamine H1 antag

MS = A selective histamine H1-receptor antagonist devoid of central nervous system depressant activity. The drug is used in the treatment of seasonal allergic rhinitis, asthma, allergic conjunctivitis, and chronic idiopathic urticaria.

UI = D016593

 

Teriparatide

AN = a synthetic parathyroid hormone

MS = A synthetic polypeptide that consists of the 1-34 amino-acid fragment of human parathyroid hormone, the biologically active N-terminal region. The acetate is given by intravenous infusion in the differential diagnosis of hypoparathyroidism and pseudohypoparathyroidism. (Reynolds JEF(Ed): Martindale: The Extra Pharmacopoeia (electronic version). Micromedex, Inc, Englewood, CO, 1995)

UI = D019379

 

Terminal Care

AN = med & nurs care for the patient: the patient himself = TERMINALLY ILL; available also is HOSPICE CARE (palliative & supportive care to the dying patient & his family)

MS = Medical and nursing care of patients in the terminal stage of an illness.

UI = D013727

 

Terminal Repeat Sequences

AN = DF: TERMINAL REPEAT SEQ

MS = Nucleotide sequences repeated on both the 5' and 3' ends of a sequence under consideration. For example, the hallmarks of a transposon are that it is flanked by inverted repeats on each end and the inverted repeats are flanked by direct repeats. The Delta element of Ty retrotransposons and LTRs (long terminal repeats) are examples of this concept.

UI = D020079

 

Terminally Ill

AN = the terminal patient himself; care of the terminal patient = TERMINAL CARE

MS = Persons with an incurable or irreversible illness at the end stage that will result in death within a short time. (From O'Leary et al., Lexikon: Dictionary of Health Care Terms, Organizations, and Acronyms for the Era of Reform, 1994, p780)

UI = D019452

 

Terminator Regions (Genetics)

AN = DF: TERMINATOR REGIONS

MS = DNA sequences which signal the termination of transcription.

UI = D013728

 

Terminology

AN = IM; no qualif; Manual 33.15; "medical nomenclature": do not coord with MEDICINE CATALOG: /form /lang; form qualif /nomenclature & double form & /terminology & double forms are available

MS = The terms, expressions, designations, or symbols used in a particular science, discipline, or specialized subject area.

UI = D009626

 

Terminology [Publication Type]

MS = Lists of the technical terms or expressions used in a specific field. These lists may or may not be formally adopted or sanctioned by usage.

UI = D020502

 

Terpenes

AN = 15 carbon atoms = SESQUITERPENES, 20 carbon atoms = DITERPENES, 30 carbon atoms = TRITERPENES

UI = D013729

 

Terphenyl Compounds

AN = DF: TERPHENYL CPDS

MS = Compounds consisting of benzene rings linked to each other in either ortho, meta or para positions. Permitted are any substitutions, but ring fusion to any of the benzene rings is not allowed.

UI = D013730

 

Territoriality

AN = no qualif

MS = Behavior in defense of an area against another individual or individuals primarily of the same species.

UI = D013731

 

Test Anxiety Scale

MS = A self-reporting test consisting of items concerning fear and worry about taking tests and physiological activity, such as heart rate, sweating, etc., before, during, and after tests.

UI = D013732

 

Testicular Diseases

AN = inflamm dis = ORCHITIS

UI = D013733

 

Testicular Feminization

AN = a sex differentiation disord; check the tag MALE

MS = A condition, due to lack of cellular receptors for testosterone and dihydrotestosterone, in which the subject is phenotypically female but lacks nuclear sex chromatin and is of XY chromosomal sex. The uterus and tubes are absent or rudimentary, and the gonads are typically testes and may be abdominal or inguinal in position. The incomplete form is marked by partial fusion of the labioscrotal folds and clitoromegaly, and at puberty, variable feminization and partial virilization may both take place. (Dorland, 27th ed)

UI = D013734

 

Testicular Hormones

AN = /biosyn /physiol permitted

MS = Hormones produced in the testis.

UI = D013735

 

Testicular Neoplasms

AN = /blood supply /chem /second /secret /ultrastruct permitted; coord IM with histol type of neopl (IM)

UI = D013736

 

Testis

AN = torsion = SPERMATIC CORD TORSION; inflammation = ORCHITIS; /abnorm: agenesis or dysgenesis: coord TESTIS /abnorm (IM) with GONADAL DYSGENESIS (IM); /cytol: consider also LEYDIG CELLS; /surg is probably ORCHIECTOMY; excision = ORCHIECTOMY

MS = Either of the paired male reproductive glands that produce the male germ cells and the male hormones.

UI = D013737

 

Testolactone

AN = an antineoplastic

MS = A synthetic antineoplastic agent produced by microbial transformation of progesterone, testosterone, or other steroidal substaces. It is used as adjunctive therapy in the palliative treatment of advanced or disseminated breast cancer in postmenopausal women. (From Dorland, 28th ed)

UI = D013738

 

Testosterone

MS = The major androgenic hormone produced by the interstitial (Leydig) cells of the testes in response to stimulation by the luteinizing hormone of the anterior pituitary. It regulates gonadotropic secretion and wolffian duct differentiation, and stimulates skeletal muscle. It is also responsible for other male characteristics and spermatogenesis after its conversion to dihydrotestosterone. In addition testosterone possesses protein anabolic properties, and it is converted to estradiol in peripheral tissue. (From Dorland, 28th ed)

UI = D013739

 

Testosterone 5-alpha-Reductase

UI = D013741

 

Tetanus

AN = caused by Clostridium tetani; do not confuse with TETANY; do not use for tonic spasm of muscle ( = SPASM) or for tetanic contraction ( = MUSCLE CONTRACTION)

MS = A disease caused by tetanospasmin, a powerful protein toxin produced by CLOSTRIDIUM TETANI. Tetanus usually occurs after an acute injury, such as a puncture wound or laceration. Generalized tetanus, the most common form, is characterized by tetanic muscular contractions and hyperreflexia. Localized tetanus presents itself as a mild condition with manifestations restricted to muscles near the wound. It may progress to the generalized form.

UI = D013742

 

Tetanus Antitoxin

AN = for ther: for prev index under TETANUS TOXOID

UI = D013743

 

Tetanus Toxin

AN = /antag permitted but consider also TETANUS ANTITOXIN

MS = The toxin elaborated by Clostridium tetani. It is a protein with a molecular weight of about 150,000, probably consisting of two fragments, tetanolysin being the hemolytic and tetanospasmin the neurotoxic principle. The toxin causes disruption of the inhibitory mechanisms of the CNS, thus permitting uncontrolled nervous activity, leading to fatal convulsions.

UI = D013744

 

Tetanus Toxoid

AN = for prev: for ther index under TETANUS ANTITOXIN; DIPHTHERIA-TETANUS-PERTUSSIS VACCINE is also available

UI = D013745

 

Tetany

AN = hyperexcitability of nerves & muscles; do not confuse with TETANUS (a Clostridium tetani infect) & do not confuse with tetanic spasm of muscle ( = SPASM) or with tetanic contraction ( = MUSCLE CONTRACTION)

MS = Hyperexcitability of nerves and muscles due to decrease in concentration of extracellular ionized calcium, which may be associated with such conditions of parathyroid hypofunction, vitamin D deficiency, and alkalosis or result from ingestion of alkaline salts. It is characterized by carpopedal spasm, muscular twitching and cramps, laryngospasm with inspiratory stridor, hyperreflexia, and choreiform movements. (Dorland, 27th ed)

UI = D013746

 

Tetrabenazine

AN = used in ther of movement disord

MS = A drug formerly used as an antipsychotic but now used primarily in the treatment of various movement disorders including tardive dyskinesia. Tetrabenazine blocks uptake into adrenergic storage vesicles and has been used as a high affinity label for the vesicle transport system.

UI = D013747

 

Tetracaine

MS = A potent local anesthetic of the ester type used for surface and spinal anesthesia.

UI = D013748

 

Tetrachlorodibenzodioxin

MS = A chemical by-product that results from burning or incinerating chlorinated industrial chemicals and other hydrocarbons. This compound is considered an environmental toxin, and may pose health risks for animals and humans.

UI = D013749

 

Tetrachloroethylene

MS = A chlorinated hyrocarbon used as an industrial solvent and cooling liquid in electrical transformers. Chronic exposure to this compoud may pose a health hazard to animals and humans. It is considered a potential carcinogen. Tetrachlorethylene was formerly used as anthelmintic for hookworms, but less toxic products are now used.

UI = D013750

 

Tetrachlorvinphos

AN = TN 111 for eff on insects

MS = 2-chloro-1-(2,4,5-trichlorophenyl)-vinyl dimethylphosphate. An organophosphate cholinesterase inhibitor that is used as an insecticide. It has low mammalian toxicity. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)

UI = D013751

 

Tetracycline

AN = an antibiotic; a specific drug: do not confuse with TETRACYCLINES, the group

MS = An antibiotic originally produced by Streptomyces viridifaciens, but used mostly in synthetic form. It is an inhibitor of aminoacyl-tRNA binding during protein synthesis.

UI = D013752

 

Tetracycline Resistance

MS = Nonsusceptibility of a microbe (usually a bacterium) to the action of tetracycline, which binds to the 30S ribosomal subunit and prevents the normal binding of aminoacyl-tRNA.

UI = D013753

 

Tetracyclines

AN = an antibiotic group: do not confuse with TETRACYCLINE, a specific drug; in ther of dis is likely to be ANTIBIOTICS, TETRACYCLINE

MS = Closely congeneric derivatives of the polycyclic naphthacenecarboxamide. (Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 8th ed, p1117)

UI = D013754

 

Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate

AN = a carcinogen; D25-26 qualif

MS = A phorbol ester found in CROTON OIL with very effective tumor promoting activity. It stimulates the synthesis of both DNA and RNA.

UI = D013755

 

Tetraethyl Lead

AN = a gasoline additive; poisonous

MS = Tetraethylplumbane. A highly toxic compound used as a gasoline additive. It causes acute toxic psychosis or chronic poisoning if inhaled or absorbed through the skin.

UI = D013756

 

Tetraethylammonium

MS = A potassium-selective ion channel blocker. (From J Gen Phys 1994;104(1):173-90)

UI = D019789

 

Tetraethylammonium Compounds

AN = DF: TETRAETHYLAMMONIUM CPDS

UI = D013757

 

Tetragastrin

AN = "smallest peptide fragment of gastrin"

MS = L-Tryptophyl-L-methionyl-L-aspartyl-L-phenylalaninamide. The C-terminal tetrapeptide of gastrin. It is the smallest peptide fragment of gastrin which has the same physiological and pharmacological activity as gastrin.

UI = D013758

 

Tetrahydrocannabinol

MS = A psychoactive compound extracted from the resin of Cannabis sativa (marihuana, hashish). The isomer delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is considered the most active form, producing characteristic mood and perceptual changes associated with this compound. Dronabinol is a synthetic form of delta-9-THC.

UI = D013759

 

Tetrahydrocortisol

AN = do not confuse with TETRAHYDROCORTISONE

UI = D013760

 

Tetrahydrocortisone

AN = do not confuse with TETRAHYDROCORTISOL

UI = D013761

 

Tetrahydrofolate Dehydrogenase

MS = An enzyme of the oxidoreductase class that catalyzes the reaction 7,8-dihyrofolate and NADPH to yield 5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate and NADPH+, producing reduced folate for amino acid metabolism, purine ring synthesis, and the formation of deoxythymidine monophosphate. Methotrexate and other folic acid antagonists used as chemotherapeutic drugs act by inhibiting this enzyme. (Dorland, 27th ed) EC 1.5.1.3.

UI = D013762

 

Tetrahydrofolates

AN = folic acids & coenzymes; /defic: coord IM with FOLIC ACID DEFICIENCY (IM)

UI = D013763

 

Tetrahydronaphthalenes

MS = Partially saturated 1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene compounds.

UI = D013764

 

Tetrahydropapaveroline

AN = /biosyn /physiol permitted

MS = 1-(3,4-Dihydroxybenzyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-6,7-isoquinolinediol. A leukomaine (animal alkaloid) formed in brain and liver from dopamine and L-dopa; it may be implicated in psychiatric problems.

UI = D013765

 

 

Tetrahydrouridine

AN = an antimetabolite

MS = 1-(beta-D-Ribofuranosyl)-4-hydroxy-3,4,5-tetrahydro-pyrimidin-2(1H)-one. An inhibitor of nucleotide metabolism.

UI = D013767

 

Tetrahymena

AN = a genus of ciliate protozoa: do not confuse with suborder TETRAHYMENINA; a much used research tool

MS = A genus of ciliate protozoa commonly used in genetic, cytological, and other research.

UI = D013768

 

Tetrahymena pyriformis

AN = a protozoon used in genetic research

MS = A species of ciliate protozoa used extensively in genetic research.

UI = D013769

 

 

 

Tetrahymena thermophila

AN = a protozoon used in genetic & cytol research

MS = A species of ciliate protozoa used in genetic and cytological research.

UI = D016808

 

 

 

Tetrahymenina

AN = a suborder of ciliate protozoa: do not confuse with genus TETRAHYMENA

MS = A suborder of ciliate protozoa. Most organisms are free-living in fresh water and many species are used extensively for experimental studies.

UI = D016806

 

 

Tetraisopropylpyrophosphamide

AN = a cholinesterase inhib

MS = N,N',N'',N'''-Tetraisopropylpyrophosphamide. A specific inhibitor of pseudocholinesterases. It is commonly used experimentally to determine whether pseudo- or acetylcholinesterases are involved in an enzymatic process.

UI = D013770

 

Tetralogy of Fallot

AN = multiple heart defects; do not use /congen & do not coord with INFANT, NEWBORN, DISEASES; do not confuse with TRILOGY OF FALLOT CATALOG: do not use /in inf

MS = A combination of congenital cardiac defects consisting of pulmonary stenosis, interventricular septal defects, dextroposition of the aorta so that it overrides the interventricular septum and receives venous as well as arterial blood, and right ventricular hypertrophy.

UI = D013771

 

Tetramethylphenylenediamine

AN = a reagent; D25-26 qualif

MS = N,N,N',N'-Tetramethyl-p-phenylenediamine. Used in the form of the hydrochloride as a reagent in analytical chemistry.

UI = D013772

 

Tetramisole

UI = D013773

 

Tetranitromethane

AN = a reagent; proposed as a war gas; D25-26 qualif

MS = Corrosive oxidant, explosive; additive to diesel and rocket fuels; causes skin and lung irritation; proposed war gas. A useful reagent for studying the modification of specific amino acids, particularly tyrosine residues in proteins. Has also been used for studying carbanion formation and for detecting the presence of double bonds in organic compounds.

UI = D013774

 

Tetraphenylborate

AN = a reagent; D25-26 qualif

MS = Tetraphenylborate(1-). An anionic compound that is used as a reagent for determination of potassium, ammonium, rubidium, and cesium ions. It also uncouples oxidative phosphorylation and forms complexes with biological materials, and is used in biological assays.

UI = D013775

 

Tetrathionic Acid

AN = prolongs coag time; an antidote in cyanide pois; D25-26 qualif

MS = Tetrathionic acid (HOSO2SSSO3H). A sulfuric acid dimer, formed by disulfide linkage. This compound has been used to prolong coagulation time and as an antidote in cyanide poisoning.

UI = D013776

 

Tetrazoles

UI = D013777

 

Tetrazolium Salts

AN = indicators & reagents; D25-26 qualif

MS = Quaternary salts derived from tetrazoles. They are used in tests to distinguish between reducing sugars and simple aldehydes, for detection of dehydrogenase in tissues, cells, and bacteria, for determination of corticosteroids, and in color photography. (From Mall's Dictionary of Chemistry, 5th ed, p455)

UI = D013778

 

Tetrodotoxin

AN = from pufferfish, toadfish, etc.; /antag permitted but consider also ANTITOXINS

MS = Octahydro-12-(hydroxymethyl)-2-imino-5,9:7,10a-dimethano- 10aH-(1,3)dioxocino(6,5-a)pyrimidine-4,7,10,11,12-pentol. An aminoperhydroquinazoline poison found mainly in the liver and ovaries of fishes in the order Tetradontiformes (pufferfish, globefish, toadfish), which are eaten. The toxin causes paresthesia and paralysis through interference with neuromuscular conduction.

UI = D013779

 

Tetroses

AN = monosaccharides

UI = D013780

 

Texas

UI = D013781

 

Textbooks

MS = Books used in the study of a subject that contain a systematic presentation of the principles and vocabulary of a subject.

UI = D013782

 

Textile Industry

AN = SPEC: SPEC qualif; DF: TEXTILE INDUST

MS = The aggregate business enterprise of manufacturing textiles. (From Random House Unabridged Dictionary, 2d ed)

UI = D013783

 

Textiles

AN = textile mesh is probably SURGICAL MESH

UI = D013784

 

Th1 Cells

AN = helper-inducer T-lymphocytes: h stands for "helper"; A 11 qualif

MS = Subset of helper-inducer T-lymphocytes which synthesize and secrete interleukin-2, gamma-interferon, and interleukin-12. Due to their ability to kill antigen-presenting cells and their lymphokine-mediated effector activity, Th1 cells are associated with vigorous delayed-type hypersensitivity reactions.

UI = D018417

 

Th2 Cells

AN = helper-inducer T-lymphocytes: h stands for "helper"; A 11 qualif

MS = Subset of helper-inducer T-lymphocytes which synthesize and secrete the interleukins IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, and IL-10. These cytokines influence B-cell development and antibody production as well as augmenting humoral responses.

UI = D018418

 

Thailand

AN = = Siam

UI = D013785

 

Thalamic Diseases

UI = D013786

 

Thalamic Nuclei

MS = Several groups of nuclei in the thalamus that serve as the major relay centers for sensory impulses in the brain.

UI = D013787

 

Thalamus

MS = Paired bodies containing mostly gray substance and forming part of the lateral wall of the third ventricle of the brain.

UI = D013788

 

Thalassemia

AN = a congen hemolytic anemia; GEN or unspecified: prefer specifics; do not use /congen & do not coord with INFANT, NEWBORN, DISEASES CATALOG: do not use /in inf

MS = A group of hereditary hemolytic anemias in which there is decreased synthesis of one or more hemoglobin polypeptide chains. There are several genetic types with clinical pictures ranging from barely detectable hematologic abnormality to severe and fatal anemia.

UI = D013789

 

alpha-Thalassemia

AN = one of the congen hemolytic anemias; do not use /congen & do not coord with INFANT, NEWBORN, DISEASES CATALOG: do not use /in inf

MS = A disorder characterized by reduced synthesis of the alpha chains of hemoglobin. The severity of this condition can vary from mild anemia to death, depending on the number of genes deleted.

UI = D017085

 

beta-Thalassemia

AN = one of the congen hemolytic anemias; do not use /congen & do not coord with INFANT, NEWBORN, DISEASES CATALOG: do not use /in inf

MS = A disorder characterized by reduced synthesis of the beta chains of hemoglobin. There is retardation of hemoglobin A synthesis in the heterozygous form (thalassemia minor), which is asymptomatic, while in the homozygous form (thalassemia major, Cooley's anemia, Mediterranean anemia, erythroblastic anemia), which can result in severe complications and even death, hemoglobin A synthesis is absent.

UI = D017086

 

Thalassotherapy

AN = do not use /util except by MeSH definition; includes sea bathing, sea voyages or sea air

MS = The therapeutic use of seaside resorts; includes treatment by sea air, sea voyages, and sea bathing.

UI = D013790

 

Thalidomide

MS = A pharmaceutical agent originally introduced as a non-barbiturate hypnotic, but withdrawn from the market because of its known tetratogenic effects. It has been reintroduced and used for a number of immunological and inflammatory disorders. Thalidomide displays immunosuppressive activity. It inhibits release of tumor necrosis factor alpha from monocytes, and modulates other cytokine action.

UI = D013792

 

Thallium

AN = Tl-205; Tl-203 = THALLIUM (IM) + ISOTOPES (NIM); Tl-198-202, 204, 206-210 = THALLIUM RADIOISOTOPES (IM)

MS = A heavy, soft, bluish white metal, atomic number 81, atomic weight 204.37, symbol Tl. (From Dorland, 28th ed)

UI = D013793

 

Thallium Radioisotopes

AN = Tl-198-202, 204, 206-210; /blood-csf-urine /metab permitted but not for tracer studies ( = /diag use)

MS = Unstable isotopes of thallium that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. Tl atoms with atomic weights 198-202, 204, and 206-210 are thallium radioisotopes.

UI = D013794

 

Thanatology

AN = "the study of the theory, philosophy & doctrine of death"; do not confuse with DEATH, the physiol concept; DF: THANATOL

MS = The study of the theory, philosophy, and doctrine of death.

UI = D013795

 

Thanatophoric Dysplasia

AN = a form of dwarfism; do not use /congen & do not coord with INFANT, NEWBORN, DISEASES CATALOG: do not use /in inf

MS = A severe form of neonatal dwarfism with very short limbs. All cases have died at birth or in the neonatal period.

UI = D013796

 

Thapsigargin

AN = a carcinogen from Thapsia garganica, the deadly carrot

MS = A potent skin irritating sesquiterpene lactone isolated from the roots of Thapsia garganica L. (Apiaceae). It also acts as a non-phorbol-ester-type tumor promoter which discharges intracellular Ca2+ stores by specific inhibition of the endoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+)-ATPase. (Biochem Pharmacol 1987;36(5):621-6; Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1991;88(16):7096-100)

UI = D019284

 

Theales

MS = An order of flowering plants, belonging to the class called Magnoliopsida (dicotyledon; characterized by two seed leaves). The order comprises 18 families, approximately 175 genera, and 3,400 species. Its members are mostly tropical trees and shrubs. The TEA plant is a member of the family Theaceae. St. Johns Wort is also known as the family Hypericaceae.

UI = D020448

 

Thebaine

AN = from opium; a convulsant; thebaine derivatives = THEBAINE /analogs

MS = A drug that is derived from opium, which contains from 0.3-1.5% thebaine depending on its origin. It produces strychnine-like convulsions rather than narcosis. It may be habit-forming and is a controlled substance (opiate) listed in the U.S. Code of Federal Regulations, Title 21 Part 1308.12 (1985). (From Merck Index, 11th ed)

UI = D013797

 

Thecoma

AN = benign or malignant; /blood supply /chem /second /secret /ultrastruct permitted; coord IM with OVARIAN NEOPLASMS (IM)

MS = A sex cord-stromal tumor of the postmenopausal ovary that is yellow, large, and unilateral, composed of fascicles of lipid-rich spindle cells interspersed with collagen, reticulin fibers, and hyaline plaques. Thecomas and other estrogen-producing tumors (e.g., granulosa cell tumors) may induce adenomatous hyperplasia of the endometrium or well-differentiated endometrial carcinoma in 3%-20% of the cases. (Segen, Dictionary of Modern Medicine, 1992)

UI = D013798

 

Theca Cells

MS = The connective tissue cells of the ovarian follicle.

UI = D013799

 

Theft

MS = Unlawful act of taking property.

UI = D013800

 

Theiler Murine Encephalomyelitis Virus

AN = a species of Cardiovirus; do not confuse with MURINE ENCEPHALOMYELITIS VIRUS see ENCEPHALOMYELITIS VIRUS, MURINE, also a Cardiovirus; infection: coord IM with CARDIOVIRUS INFECTIONS (IM) or POLIOMYELITIS (IM); infection may also be a model for multiple sclerosis; DF: THEILER VIRUS or TMEV

MS = A species of CARDIOVIRUS which causes poliomyelitis in rats. It should not be confused with the strain of ENCEPALOMYOCARDITIS VIRUS called ENCEPHALOMYELITIS VIRUS, MURINE, which is also a Cardiovirus.

UI = D017945

 

Theileria

AN = a tick-borne protozoon; infection = THEILERIASIS; for antigens, coord with ANTIGENS, PROTOZOAN, for antibodies, coord with ANTIBODIES, PROTOZOAN

MS = A genus of tick-borne protozoa parasitic in the lymphocytes, erythrocytes, and endothelial cells of mammals. Its organisms multiply asexually and then invade erythrocytes, where they undergo no further reproduction until ingested by a transmitting tick.

UI = D016794

 

Theileria annulata

AN = a tick-borne protozoon; infection: coord IM with THEILERIASIS (IM) + check tags ANIMAL & CATTLE but not also CATTLE DISEASES; for antigens, coord with ANTIGENS, PROTOZOAN, for antibodies, coord with ANTIBODIES, PROTOZOAN

MS = A protozoan parasite causing tropical theileriasis in cattle. It is transmitted by ticks of the Hyalomma genus.

UI = D016796

 

Theileria parva

AN = a tick-borne protozoon; infection: coord IM with THEILERIASIS (IM) + check tags ANIMAL & CATTLE but not also CATTLE DISEASES; for antigens, coord with ANTIGENS, PROTOZOAN, for antibodies, coord with ANTIBODIES, PROTOZOAN

MS = A protozoan parasite that is the etiologic agent of East Coast fever (THEILERIASIS). Transmission is by ticks of the Physicephalus and Hyalomma genera.

UI = D016797

 

Theileriasis

AN = protozoan infect; tick-borne; usually animal; check tag ANIMAL; don't forget also CATTLE (NIM) but do not index under CATTLE DISEASES

MS = Infection of bovines with protozoa of the genus THEILERIA. This infection results in an acute or chronic febrile condition.

UI = D013801

 

Thelazioidea

AN = a superfamily of nematodes; infection: coord IM with SPIRURIDA INFECTIONS (IM); for antigens, coord with ANTIGENS, HELMINTH, for antibodies, coord with ANTIBODIES, HELMINTH

MS = A superfamily of parasitic nematodes which includes three genera: Thelazia, Spirocerca, and GNATHOSTOMA. Only Thelazia and GNATHOSTOMA occasionally occur in man.

UI = D013802

 

Thematic Apperception Test

MS = A projective test in which a person is asked to make up stories about a series of pictures suggesting life situations. The themes expressed by the subject are viewed as those important in his own life or expressions of his personality needs.

UI = D013803

 

Thenoyltrifluoroacetone

AN = a chelating agent; D25-26 qualif

MS = 4,4,4-Trifluoro-1-(2-thienyl)-1,3-butanedione. Chelating agent and inhibitor of cellular respiration.

UI = D013804

 

Theobromine

AN = a bronchodilator & vasodilator alkaloid

MS = 3,7-Dimethylxanthine. The principle alkaloid in Theobroma cacao (the cacao bean) and other plants. A xanthine alkaloid that is used as a bronchodilator and as a vasodilator. It has a weaker diuretic activity than THEOPHYLLINE and is also a less powerful stimulant of smooth muscle. It has practically no stimulant effect on the central nervous system. It was formerly used as a diuretic and in the treatment of angina pectoris and hypertension. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, pp1318-9)

UI = D013805

 

Theophylline

AN = a bronchodilator & vasodilator alkaloid

MS = Alkaloid obtained from Thea sinensis (tea) and others. It stimulates the heart and central nervous system, dilates bronchi and blood vessels, and causes diuresis. The drug is used mainly in bronchial asthma and for myocardial stimulation. Among its more prominent cellular effects are inhibition of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases and antagonism of adenosine receptors.

UI = D013806

 

Therapeutic Community

AN = no qualif

MS = Psychotherapeutic technique which emphasizes socioenvironmental and interpersonal influences in the resocialization and rehabilitation of the patient. The setting is usually a hospital unit or ward in which professional and nonprofessional staff interact with the patients.

UI = D013808

 

Therapeutic Equivalency

AN = NIM with specific drug /pharmacokin (IM); no qualif; DF: THER EQUIVALENCY

MS = The relative equivalency in the efficacy of different modes of treatment of a disease, most often used to compare the efficacy of different pharmaceuticals to treat a given disease.

UI = D013810

 

Therapeutic Touch

AN = a procedure in alternative med; coord IM with disease /ther (IM)

MS = The placing of the hands of the healer upon the person to be cured. (Random House Unabridged Dictionary, 2d ed, p1092)

UI = D019124

 

Therapeutics

AN = avoid: too general: prefer /ther with diseases: Manual 19.7+, 19.8.72; DF: THER

UI = D013812

 

Therapy, Computer-Assisted

AN = IM; SPEC: SPEC qualif; DRUG THERAPY, COMPUTER-ASSISTED & RADIOTHERAPY, COMPUTER-ASSISTED are also available

MS = Computer systems utilized as adjuncts in the treatment of disease.

UI = D013813

 

Thermal Conductivity

AN = NIM; no qualif

UI = D013814

 

Thermococcaceae

AN = a family of the order Thermococcales

MS = A family of anaerobic THERMOCOCCALES found in hot environments. There are two genera: PYROCOCCUS and THERMOCOCCUS.

UI = D019710

 

Thermococcales

AN = an order of the kingdom of Euryarchaeota, of the domain of Archaea

MS = An order of strictly anaerobic, thermophilic archaea, in the kingdom EURYARCHAEOTA. Members exhibit heterotropic growth by sulfur respiration. There is a single family THERMOCOCCACEAE.

UI = D019709

 

Thermococcus

AN = a genus of archaea found in heated sea flows; PYROCOCCUS, found in heated seawater, is also available

MS = A genus of extremely thermophilic heterotrophic archaea, in the family THERMOCOCCACEAE, occurring in heated sea flows. They are anerobic chemoorganotropic sulfidogens.

UI = D019712

 

Thermodilution

AN = NIM

MS = Measurement of blood flow based on induction at one point of the circulation of a known change in the intravascular heat content of flowing blood and detection of the resultant change in temperature at a point downstream.

UI = D013815

 

Thermodynamics

AN = no qualif

MS = A rigorously mathematical analysis of energy relationships (heat, work, temperature, and equilibrium). It describes systems whose states are determined by thermal parameters, such as temperature, in addition to mechanical and electromagnetic parameters. (From Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, 12th ed)

UI = D013816

 

Thermography

AN = in diag coord IM with disease /diag, not /radiogr; do not use /util except by MeSH definition; DF: THERMOGR

MS = Measurement of the regional temperature of the body or an organ by infrared sensing devices, based on self-emanating infrared radiation.

UI = D013817

 

Thermogravimetry

AN = NIM

MS = Technique whereby the weight of a sample can be followed over a period of time while its temperature is being changed (usually increased at a constant rate).

UI = D013818

 

Thermoluminescent Dosimetry

UI = D013819

 

Thermolysin

AN = a metalloproteinase

UI = D013820

 

Thermometers

MS = Instruments for determining temperatures. (From Dorland, 28th ed)

UI = D013821

 

Thermoplasma

AN = a genus of archaea found in burning slag & hot springs

MS = A genus of facultatively anaerobic heterotrophic archaea, in the order THERMOPLASMALES, isolated from self-heating coal refuse piles and acid hot springs. They are thermophilic and can grow both with and without sulfur.

UI = D013822

 

Thermoplasmales

AN = an order of the kingdom of Euryarchaeota, of the domain of Archaea

MS = An order of aerobic, thermophilic archaea, in the kingdom EURYARCHAEOTA, characterized by the absence of a cell wall. Two genera have been described: THERMOPLASMA and Picrophilus.

UI = D019603

 

Thermoproteaceae

AN = a family of Thermoproteales

MS = A family of THERMOPROTEALES consisting of variable length rigid rods without septa. They grow either chemolithoautotrophically or by sulfur respiration. The three genera are: Pyrobaculum, Thermofilum, and Thermoproteus. (From Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, 1989)

UI = D019624

 

Thermoproteales

AN = an order of the kingdom of Crenarchaeota, of the domain Archaea

MS = An order of CRENARCHAEOTA comprised of rod, disc, or spherical shaped, nonseptate, anaerobic, extreme thermophiles and found in solfataric hot waters, mud holes, and superheated submarine environments.

UI = D019619

 

Thermoreceptors

AN = sensory receptors for temperature; DF: THERMORECEPT

MS = Cellular receptors which mediate the sense of temperature. Thermoreceptors in vertebrates are mostly located under the skin. In mammals there are separate types of thermoreceptors for cold and for warmth and NOCICEPTORS which detect cold or heat extreme enough to cause pain.

UI = D013823

 

Thermotoga maritima

MS = A rod-shaped bacterium surrounded by a sheath-like structure which protrudes balloon-like beyond the ends of the cell. It is thermophilic, with growth occurring at temperatures as high as 90 degrees C. It is isolated from geothermally heated marine sediments or hot springs. (From Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology, 9th ed)

UI = D020124

 

Thermus

AN = in hot springs, hot-water tanks, thermally polluted waters

MS = Gram-negative aerobic rods found in warm water (40-79 degrees C) such as hot springs, hot water tanks, and thermally polluted rivers.

UI = D013824

 

Thermus thermophilus

AN = found in hot springs & hot-water tanks

MS = A species of gram-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped bacteria found in hot springs of neutral to alkaline pH, as well as in hot-water heaters.

UI = D016963

 

Theropithecus

AN = Old World monkey; NIM when exper animal: no qualif; when IM, qualif permitted; diseases: coord IM with MONKEY DISEASES (IM)

MS = A genus of Old World monkeys of the subfamily CERCOPITHECINAE, family CERCOPITHECIDAE, that inhabits the mountainous regions of Ethiopia. The genus consists of only one species, Theropithecus gelada.

UI = D016671

 

Theta Rhythm

AN = in EEG; /drug eff /rad eff permitted

MS = Brain waves in the electroencephalogram which have a frequency of 4 to 7 per second. They occur mainly in children but also in adults during periods of emotional stress. (Dorland, 27th ed, p1852)

UI = D013826

 

Thiabendazole

AN = an antinematodal agent

MS = 2-Substituted benzimidazole first introduced in 1962. It is active against a variety of nematodes and is the drug of choice for strongyloidiasis. It has CNS side effects and hepatototoxic potential. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1992, p919)

UI = D013827

 

Thioacetazone

AN = an antituberc agent

MS = A thiosemicarbazone that is used in association with other antimycobacterial agents in the initial and continuation phases of antituberculosis regimens. Thiacetazone containing regimens are less effective than the short-course regimen recommended by the International Union Against Tuberculosis and are used in some developing countries to reduce drug costs. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p217)

UI = D013828

 

Thiadiazines

UI = D013829

 

Thiadiazoles

AN = includes thiadiazolines, thiadiazolidines

UI = D013830

 

Thiamine

AN = a B vitamin

MS = 3-((4-Amino-2-methyl-5-pyrimidinyl)methyl)-5-(2- hydroxyethyl)-4-methylthiazolium chloride.

UI = D013831

 

Thiamine Deficiency

AN = a vitamin B defic; DF: THIAMINE DEFIC

MS = A nutritional condition produced by a deficiency of THIAMINE in the diet, characterized by anorexia, irritability, and weight loss. Later, patients experience weakness, peripheral neuropathy, headache, and tachycardia. In addition to being caused by a poor diet, thiamine deficiency in the United States most commonly occurs as a result of alcoholism, since ethanol interferes with thiamine absorption. In countries relying on polished rice as a dietary staple, BERIBERI prevalence is very high. (From Cecil Textbook of Medicine, 19th ed, p1171)

UI = D013832

 

Thiamine Monophosphate

AN = a B vitamin

MS = Thiamine dihydrogen phosphate ester. The monophosphate ester of thiamine. Synonyms: monophosphothiamine; vitamin B1 monophosphate.

UI = D013833

 

Thiamine Pyrophosphatase

AN = do not confuse with THIAMINE PYROPHOSPHATE; DF: note short X ref

MS = An enzyme that hydrolyzes thiamine pyrophosphate to thiamine monophosphate plus inorganic phosphate. EC 3.6.1.-.

UI = D013834

 

Thiamine Pyrophosphate

AN = a coenzyme & B vitamin; do not confuse with THIAMINE PYROPHOSPHATASE

MS = The coenzyme form of vitamin B1, thiamine, present in many animal tissues. It is a required intermediate in the pyruvate decarboxylase, pyruvate dehydrogenase, and ketoglutarate dehydrogenase reactions.

UI = D013835

 

Thiamin Pyrophosphokinase

AN = do not confuse with THIAMINE PYROPHOSPHATASE nor with thiamine diphosphate kinase

MS = An enzyme that catalyzes the formation of thiamine pyrophosphate from ATP and thiamine. EC 2.7.6.2.

UI = D013836

 

Thiamin-Triphosphatase

AN = do not confuse with THIAMINE TRIPHOSPHATE

MS = An enzyme present in nerve tissue. It catalyzes reversibly the formation of thiamine diphosphate and orthophosphate from thiamine triphosphate. EC 3.6.1.28.

UI = D013837

 

Thiamine Triphosphate

AN = a B vitamin; do not confuse with THIAMIN TRIPHOSPHATASE

MS = 3-((4-Amino-2-methyl-5-pyrimidinyl)methyl)-4-methyl-5-(4,6,8,8-tetrahydroxy-3,5,7-trioxa-4,6,8-triphosphaoct-1-yl)thiazolium hydroxide, inner salt, P,P',P''-trioxide. The triphosphate ester of thiamine. In Leigh's disease, this compound is present in decreased amounts in the brain due to a metabolic block in its formation.

UI = D013838

 

Thiamphenicol

AN = an antibiotic & immunosuppressive agent

MS = 2,2-Dichloro-N-(2-hydroxy-1-(hydroxymethyl)-2-(4- (methylsulfonyl)phenyl)ethyl)acetamide. A methylsulfonyl analog of CHLORAMPHENICOL. It is an antibiotic and immunosuppressive agent.

UI = D013839

 

Thiamylal

AN = a barbiturate sedative & intravenous anesthetic

MS = A barbiturate that is administered intravenously for the production of complete anesthesia of short duration, for the induction of general anesthesia, or for inducing a hypnotic state. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p919)

UI = D013840

 

Thiazepines

UI = D013841

 

Thiazines

UI = D013843

 

Thiazoles

AN = includes thiazolines, thiazolidines

UI = D013844

 

Thienamycins

AN = /biosyn permitted if by living matter

MS = Beta-lactam antibiotics that differ from PENICILLINS in having the thiazolidine sulfur atom replaced by carbon, the sulfur then becoming the first atom in the side chain. They are unstable chemically, but have a very broad antibacterial spectrum. Thienamycin and its more stable derivatives are proposed for use in combinations with enzyme inhibitors.

UI = D013845

 

Thiepins

UI = D013846

 

Thiethylperazine

AN = an antiemetic

MS = A dopamine antagonist that is particularly useful in treating the nausea and vomiting associated with anesthesia, mildly emetic cancer chemotherapy agents, radiation therapy, and toxins. This piperazine phenothiazine does not prevent vertigo or motion sickness. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p457)

UI = D013847

 

Thigh

AN = for bone use FEMUR; NIM when merely locational as in skin dis (IM); TN 117: use for human & other vertebrates

UI = D013848

 

Thimerosal

AN = an anti-infective agent

MS = A topical antiseptic used on skin and mucous membranes. It is also used as a preservative in pharmaceuticals.

UI = D013849

 

Thinking

AN = the thought process: do not confuse with MEDITATION, a relaxation technique; differentiate from COGNITION: see treeing & MeSH definition

MS = Mental activity, not predominantly perceptual, by which one apprehends some aspect of an object or situation based on past learning and experience.

UI = D013850

 

Thinness

AN = only Cat C qualif

UI = D013851

 

Thiotepa

AN = an alkylating antineoplastic

MS = A very toxic alkylating antineoplastic agent also used as an insect sterilant. It causes skin, gastrointestinal, CNS, and bone marrow damage. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), thiotepa may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen (Merck Index, 11th ed).

UI = D013852

 

Thioacetamide

MS = A crystalline compound used as a laboratory reagent in place of HYDROGEN SULFIDE. It is a potent hepatocarcinogen.

UI = D013853

 

Thioamides

MS = Organic compounds containing the radical -CSNH2.

UI = D013854

 

Thiobacillus

AN = in soil, mud, water

MS = A genus of gram-negative, rod-shaped bacteria that derives energy from the oxidation of one or more reduced sulfur compounds. Its organisms are widely distributed in marine, freshwater, and soil environments, especially where oxidizable sulfur is abundant.

UI = D013855

 

Thiobacillus thiooxidans

AN = in soil, mud, water

MS = A strictly autotrophic bacterium that oxidizes sulfur and thiosulfate to sulfuric acid.

UI = D013856

 

Thiobarbiturates

MS = Compounds in which one or more of the ketone groups on the pyrimidine ring of barbituric acid are replaced by thione groups.

UI = D013858

 

Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances

AN = formed during decomposition of lipid peroxidation products; DF: note short X ref

MS = Low-molecular-weight end products, probably malondialdehyde, that are formed during the decomposition of lipid peroxidation products. These compounds react with thiobarbituric acid to form a fluorescent red adduct.

UI = D017392

 

Thiocarbamates

MS = Carbamates in which the -CO- group has been replaced by a -CS- group.

UI = D013859

 

Thiocholine

AN = a reagent; D25-26 qualif

MS = (2-Mercaptoethyl)trimethylammonium. A reagent for the determination of cholinesterases; acts also as a highly selective nerve stain.

UI = D013860

 

Thioctic Acid

AN = a coenzyme & B vitamin; /biosyn /physiol permitted

UI = D008063

Thiocyanates

MS = Organic derivatives of thiocyanic acid which contain the general formula R-SCN.

UI = D013861

 

Thiogalactosides

MS = Galactosides in which the oxygen atom linking the sugar and aglycone is replaced by a sulfur atom.

UI = D013862

 

Thioglucosides

AN = do not confuse with THIOGLYCOSIDES

UI = D013863

 

Thioglycolates

MS = Organic esters of thioglycolic acid (HS-CH2COOH).

UI = D013864

 

Thioglycosides

AN = do not confuse with THIOGLUCOSIDES

UI = D013865

 

Thioguanine

AN = an antineoplastic antimetabolite

MS = 2-Amino-1,7-dihydro-6H-purine-6-thione. An antineoplastic compound which also has antimetabolite action. The drug is used in the therapy of acute leukemia.

UI = D013866

 

Thiohydantoins

UI = D013867

 

Thioinosine

AN = an antineoplastic antimetabolite

MS = 9-beta-D-Ribofuranosyl-9H-purine-6-thiol. Sulfhydryl analog of inosine that inhibits nucleoside transport across erythrocyte plasma membranes, and has immunosuppressive properties. It has been used similarly to MERCAPTOPURINE in the treatment of leukemia. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p503)

UI = D013868

 

Thiolester Hydrolases

UI = D013869

 

Thiomalates

UI = D013870

 

Thiones

AN = also "thions"

UI = D013871

 

Thionucleosides

MS = Nucleosides in which the base moiety is substituted with one or more sulfur atoms.

UI = D013872

 

Thionucleotides

MS = Nucleotides in which the base moiety is substituted with one or more sulfur atoms.

UI = D013873

 

Thiopental

AN = a sedative & intravenous anesthetic

MS = A barbiturate that is administered intravenously for the induction of general anesthesia or for the production of complete anesthesia of short duration. It is also used for hypnosis and for the control of convulsive states. It has been used in neurosurgical patients to reduce increased intracranial pressure. It does not produce any excitation but has poor analgesic and muscle relaxant properties. Small doses have been shown to be anti-analgesic and lower the pain threshold. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p920)

UI = D013874

 

Thiophanate

AN = an antinematodal agent & indust fungicide

MS = 4,4'-Phenylenebis(ethyl-3-thioallophanate). Nematocide used in livestock; also has fungicidal properties.

UI = D013875

 

Thiophenes

UI = D013876

 

Thiophosphoric Acid Esters

UI = D013877

 

Thioredoxin

AN = a protein; /drug eff /ultrastruct permitted

MS = A hydrogen-carrying protein that participates in a variety of biochemical reactions including ribonucleotide reduction. Thioredoxin is oxidized from a dithiol to a disulfide during ribonucleotide reduction. The disulfide form is then reduced by NADPH in a reaction catalyzed by THIOREDOXIN REDUCTASE.

UI = D013879

 

Thioredoxin Reductase (NADPH)

AN = DF: THIOREDOXIN REDUCTASE

MS = NADPH:oxidized thioredoxin oxidoreductase.

UI = D013880

 

Thioridazine

AN = an antipsychotic agent

MS = A phenothiazine antipsychotic used in the management of psychoses, including schizophrenia, and in the control of severely disturbed or agitated behavior. It has little antiemetic activity. Thioridazine has a higher incidence of antimuscarinic effects, but a lower incidence of extrapyramidal symptoms, than CHLORPROMAZINE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p618)

UI = D013881

 

Thiorphan

AN = a protease inhib

MS = (+-)-N-(2-(Mercaptomethyl)-1-oxo-3-phenylpropyl)glycine. A potent inhibitor of membrane metalloendopeptidase (enkephalinase). Thiorphan potentiates morphine-induced analgesia and attenuates naloxone-precipitated withdrawal symptoms.

UI = D015244

 

Thiosemicarbazones

AN = antituberc agents

UI = D013882

 

Thiostrepton

AN = a peptide antibiotic

MS = Polypeptide-containing antibiotic isolated from a species of Streptomyces in New Mexican soil. It appears to be highly active against gram-positive bacteria. In veterinary medicine, thiostrepton has been used in mastitis caused by gram-negative organisms and in dermatologic disorders.

UI = D013883

 

Thiosulfate Sulfurtransferase

MS = An enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of the planetary sulfur atom of thiosulfate ion to cyanide ion to form thiocyanate ion. EC 2.8.1.1.

UI = D013884

 

Thiosulfates

MS = Inorganic salts of thiosulfuric acid possessing the general formula R2S2O3.

UI = D013885

 

Thiosulfonic Acids

MS = Inorganic or organic oxy acids of sulfur which contain the general formula RS2O2H.

UI = D013886

 

Thiothixene

AN = an antipsychotic agent

MS = A thioxanthine used as an antipsychotic agent. Its effects are similar to the phenothiazine antipsychotics.

UI = D013888

 

Thiouracil

AN = a thyroid antag

MS = Occurs in seeds of Brassica and Crucifera species. Thiouracil has been used as antithyroid, coronary vasodilator, and in congestive heart failure although its use has been largely supplanted by other drugs. It is known to cause blood dyscrasias and suspected of terato- and carcinogenesis.

UI = D013889

 

Thiourea

AN = a thyroid antag

MS = A photographic fixative used also in the manufacture of resins. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), this substance may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen (Merck Index, 9th ed). Many of its derivatives are ANTITHRYOID AGENTS and/or FREE RADICAL SCAVENGERS.

UI = D013890

 

Thiouridine

AN = an antimetabolite

MS = A photoactivable URIDINE analog that is used as an affinity label.

UI = D013891

 

Thioxanthenes

UI = D013892

 

Thiram

MS = A dithiocarbamate chemical, used commercially in the rubber processing industry and as a fungicide. In vivo studies indicate that it inactivates the enzyme glutathione reductase. It has mutagenic activity and may induce chromosomal aberrations.

UI = D013893

 

Third-Party Consent

AN = do not confuse with THIRD-PARTY PAYMENTS see INSURANCE, HEALTH, REIMBURSEMENT

MS = Informed consent given by someone other than the patient or research subject. (Bioethics Thesaurus)

UI = D020458

 

Thirst

MS = A drive stemming from a physiological need for water.

UI = D013894

 

Thogoto-Like Viruses

AN = a genus of the family Orthomyxoviridae; infection: coord IM with ORTHOMYXOVIRIDAE INFECTIONS (IM) or with INFLUENZA (IM); DF: note short X refs

MS = A genus of the family ORTHOMYXOVIRIDAE comprising tick-borne viruses occasionally infecting humans. Dhori and Thogoto viruses were formerly thought to be members of Bunyaviridae. Thogoto virus is the type species.

UI = D018117

 

Thoracic Arteries

MS = Arteries originating from the subclavian or axillary arteries and distributing to the anterior thoracic wall, mediastinal structures, diaphragm, pectoral muscles, mammary gland and the axillary aspect of the chest wall.

UI = D013895

 

Thoracic Diseases

AN = GEN: prefer specifics; CHEST PAIN is available

UI = D013896

 

Thoracic Duct

UI = D013897

 

Thoracic Injuries

AN = GEN or unspecified only: prefer specifics like HEART INJURIES, LUNG /inj, etc.; consider also /inj with specific parts of the chest

MS = General or unspecified injuries to the chest area.

UI = D013898

 

Thoracic Neoplasms

AN = GEN or unspecified only; prefer specifics like HEART NEOPLASMS, LUNG NEOPLASMS, etc; /blood supply /chem /second /secret /ultrastruct permitted; coord IM with histol type of neopl (IM)

UI = D013899

 

Thoracic Nerves

AN = 12 pairs of spinal nerves innervating chest & abdom walls; dis: coord IM with PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM DISEASES (IM); neopl: coord IM with PERIPHERAL NERVE NEOPLASMS (IM) + histol type of neopl (IM)

MS = The twelve pairs of spinal nerves that arise from the thoracic segments of the spinal cord, each pair leaving the vertebral column below the correspondingly numbered vertebra. They innervate the body wall of the thorax and abdomen. (Dorland, 27th ed)

UI = D013900

 

Thoracic Outlet Syndrome

AN = a nerve compression syndrome

MS = Compression of the brachial plexus nerve trunks due to a variety of anomalies at the superior thoracic outlet such as cervical rib (CERVICAL RIB SYNDROME), abnormal scalene muscles, first rib abnormalities, and fibrous bands.

UI = D013901

 

Thoracic Radiography (see, Radiography, Thoracic)

 

Thoracic Surgery

AN = a surg specialty: do not confuse with THORACIC SURGICAL PROCEDURES (Cat E4); SPEC qualif; do not use for surg of specific thoracic organs ( = organ /surg) or specific thoracic dis ( = disease /surg); DF: THORACIC SURG

MS = A surgical specialty concerned with diagnosis and treatment of disorders of the heart, lungs, and esophagus. Two major types of thoracic surgery are classified as pulmonary and cardiovascular.

UI = D013903

 

Thoracic Surgical Procedures

AN = note category: do not confuse with THORACIC SURGERY, the surg specialty; GEN or unspecified; prefer specifics; DF: THORACIC SURG PROCEDURES

MS = Surgery performed on the thoracic organs, most commonly the lungs and the heart.

UI = D019616

 

Thoracic Vertebrae

AN = do not use as site to locate intraspinal inject or spinal cord inj: restrict to thorac vert as the bones themselves; coord IM with specific spinal disease (IM); inflammation = THORACIC VERTEBRAE (IM) + SPONDYLITIS (IM)

UI = D013904

 

Thoracoplasty

AN = do not use /util except by MeSH definition

MS = Surgical removal of ribs, allowing the chest wall to move inward and collapse a diseased lung. (Dorland, 28th ed)

UI = D013905

 

Thoracoscopy

AN = NIM; do not use /util except by MeSH definition

MS = Endoscopic examination of the pleural cavity.

UI = D013906

 

Thoracostomy

AN = do not use /util except by MeSH definition; do not confuse with THORACOTOMY

MS = Surgical creation of an opening (stoma) into the chest cavity for drainage; used in the treatment of pleural effusion, pneumothorax, hemothorax and empyema.

UI = D013907

 

Thoracotomy

AN = do not use /util except by MeSH definition; do not confuse with THORACOSTOMY

MS = Surgical incision into the chest wall.

UI = D013908

 

Thorax

AN = /radiogr = RADIOGRAPHY, THORACIC but see note there; /surg = THORACIC SURGERY, the specialty (Cat G2) or THORACIC SURGICAL PROCEDURES (Cat E4); "intrathoracic" could be THORAX or HEART or LUNG or RIBS: check text; chest pain = CHEST PAIN; thoracic cyst = THORACIC CYST see MEDIASTINAL CYST; STETHOSCOPES is also available

MS = The upper part of the trunk between the neck and the abdomen. It contains the chief organs of the circulatory and respiratory systems. (From Stedman, 25th ed)

UI = D013909

 

Thorium

AN = naturally radioactive; IM

MS = Thorium. A radioactive element of the actinide series of metals. It has an atomic symbol Th, atomic number 90, and atomic weight 232.04. It is used as fuel in nuclear reactors to produce fissionable uranium isotopes. Because of its radioopacity, various thorium compounds are used to facilitate visualization in roentgenography.

UI = D013910

 

Thorium Dioxide

AN = an early (1930-50) contrast medium; D25-26 qualif

MS = Thorium oxide (ThO2). A radiographic contrast agent that was used in the early 1930s through about 1954. High rates of mortality have been linked to its use and it has been shown to cause liver cancer.

UI = D013911

 

Thorium Compounds

AN = inorganic; GEN or unspecified; prefer specifics; DF: THORIUM CPDS

MS = Inorganic compounds that contain thorium as an integral part of the molecule.

UI = D017970

 

Threonine

AN = an essential amino acid; /biosyn /defic /physiol permitted

MS = L-Threonine. An essential amino acid occurring naturally in the L-form, which is the active form. It is found in eggs, milk, gelatin, and other proteins.

UI = D013912

 

Threonine Dehydratase

MS = A pyridoxal-phosphate protein that catalyzes the deamination of threonine to 2-ketobutyrate and ammonia. The role of this enzyme can be biosynthetic or biodegradative. In the former role it supplies 2-ketobutyrate required for isoleucine biosynthesis, while in the latter it is only involved in the breakdown of threonine to supply energy. EC 4.2.1.16.

UI = D013913

 

Threonine-tRNA Ligase

MS = An enzyme that activates threonine with its specific transfer RNA. EC 6.1.1.3.

UI = D013914

 

Thrombasthenia

MS = A congenital bleeding disorder with prolonged bleeding time, absence of aggregation of platelets in response to most agents, especially ADP, and impaired or absent clot retraction. Platelet membranes are deficient in or have a defect in the glycoprotein IIb-IIIa complex (PLATELET GLYCOPROTEIN GPIIB-IIIA COMPLEX).

UI = D013915

 

Thrombectomy

AN = removal of thrombus at its original site: differentiate from EMBOLECTOMY, removal of embolus transported from its origin; do not use /util except by MeSH definition

MS = Surgical removal of an obstructing clot or foreign material from a blood vessel at the point of its formation. Removal of a clot arising from a distant site is called EMBOLECTOMY.

UI = D017131

 

Thrombelastography

AN = records the physical shape of a blood clot; /drug eff /rad eff permitted; do not use /util except by MeSH definition

MS = Use of a thrombelastograph, which provides a continuous graphic record of the physical shape of a clot during fibrin formation and subsequent lysis.

UI = D013916

 

Thrombin

AN = a blood coag factor; /antag permitted: not same as ANTITHROMBINS

MS = An enzyme formed from prothrombin that converts fibrinogen to fibrin. (Dorland, 27th ed) EC 3.4.21.5.

UI = D013917

 

Thrombin Time

AN = NIM; only /vet

MS = Test of the conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin by thrombin in which clotting time of plasma mixed with a thrombin solution is measured. Time is prolonged by afibrinogenemia, abnormal fibrinogen, or the presence of inhibitory substances, e.g., fibrin-fibrinogen degradation products, heparin. Reptilase, a thrombin-like enzyme unaffected by the presence of heparin, may be used in place of thrombin.

UI = D013918

 

Thromboangiitis Obliterans

AN = TN 11: differentiate from other obliterative dis

UI = D013919

 

Thrombocythemia, Hemorrhagic

MS = A clinical syndrome characterized by repeated spontaneous hemorrhages and a remarkable increase in the number of circulating platelets.

UI = D013920

 

Thrombocytopenia

MS = A decrease in the number of blood platelets.

UI = D013921

 

Thrombocytosis

AN = note X ref but hemorrhagic thrombocythemia = THROMBOCYTHEMIA, HEMORRHAGIC

MS = Increased numbers of platelets in the peripheral blood. (Dorland, 27th ed)

UI = D013922

 

Thromboembolism

MS = Obstruction of a vessel by a blood clot that has been transported from a distant site by the blood stream.

UI = D013923

 

Thrombolytic Therapy

AN = coord IM with specific thrombolytic agents /ther use (IM) if specified + dis /drug ther (IM)

MS = Use of infusions of fibrinolytic agents to destroy or dissolve thrombi in blood vessels or bypass grafts.

UI = D015912

 

Thrombomodulin

AN = a thrombin receptor

MS = A cell surface glycoprotein of endothelial cells that binds thrombin and serves as a cofactor in the activation of protein C and its regulation of blood coagulation.

UI = D018180

 

Thrombophilia

MS = A disorder of the hemopoietic system in which there is a tendency to the occurrence of THROMBOSIS. (Stedman, 26th ed)

UI = D019851

 

Thrombophlebitis

AN = assume to be of the legs so do not coord with LEG

MS = Inflammation of a vein associated with thrombus formation.

UI = D013924

 

Thromboplastin

MS = Constituent composed of protein and phospholipid that is widely distributed in many tissues. It serves as a cofactor with factor VIIa to activate factor X in the extrinsic pathway of blood coagulation.

UI = D013925

 

Thrombopoietin

AN = /drug eff /ultrastruct permitted

MS = A humoral factor that controls blood platelet production through stimulation of megakaryocyte populations. Bone marrow megakaryocytes increase in both size and number in response to exposure to thrombopoietin.

UI = D013926

 

Thrombosis

AN = GEN: prefer specifics; mural thrombus: coord IM with HEART DIS (IM)

MS = Formation and development of a thrombus. (From Dorland, 28th ed)

UI = D013927

 

Thrombospondin 1

AN = a membrane glycoprotein

MS = An extracellular matrix glycoprotein from platelets and a variety of normal and transformed cells of both mesenchymal and epithelial origin. Thrombospondin-1 is believed to play a role in cell migration and proliferation, during embryogenesis and wound repair. Also, it has been studied for its use as a potential regulator of tumor growth and metastasis.

UI = D019700

 

Thrombospondins

AN = membrane glycoproteins; THROMBOSPONDIN 1 is also available

MS = A family of related, adhesive glycoproteins which are synthesized, secreted, and incorporated into the extracellular matrix of a variety of cells, including alpha granules of platelets following thrombin activation and endothelial cells. They interact with a number of BLOOD COAGULATION FACTORS and anticoagulant factors. Five distinct forms have been identified, thrombospondin 1, -2, -3, -4, and cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP). They are involved in cell adhesion, platelet aggregation, cell proliferation, angiogenesis, tumor metastasis, vascular smooth muscle growth, and tissue repair.

UI = D019699

 

Thromboxane A2

AN = /biosyn /physiol permitted

MS = An unstable intermediate between the prostaglandin endoperoxides and thromboxane B2. The compound has a bicyclic oxaneoxetane structure. It is a potent inducer of platelet aggregation and causes vasoconstriction. It is the principal component of rabbit aorta contracting substance (RCS).

UI = D013928

 

Thromboxane B2

AN = /biosyn /physiol permitted

MS = A stable, physiologically active compound formed in vivo from the prostaglandin endoperoxides. It is important in the platelet-release reaction (release of ADP and serotonin).

UI = D013929

 

Thromboxane-A Synthase

AN = found in platelet microsomes

MS = An enzyme found predominantly in platelet microsomes. It catalyzes the conversion of PGG(2) and PGH(2) (prostaglandin endoperoxides) to thromboxane A2. EC 5.3.99.5.

UI = D013930

 

Thromboxanes

AN = "formed in vivo from the prostaglandin endoperoxides"; /biosyn /physiol permitted

MS = Physiologically active compounds found in many organs of the body. They are formed in vivo from the prostaglandin endoperoxides and cause platelet aggregation, contraction of arteries, and other biological effects. Thromboxanes are important mediators of the actions of polyunsaturated fatty acids transformed by cyclooxygenase.

UI = D013931

 

Thulium

AN = a rare earth metal; Tm-169; Tm-161-168, 170-176 = THULIUM (IM) + RADIOISOTOPES (IM)

MS = Thulium. An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Tm, atomic number 69, and atomic weight 168.93.

UI = D013932

 

Thumb

AN = primates only; /inj permitted: do not convert to FINGER INJURIES

UI = D013933

 

Thymectomy

AN = do not use /util except by MeSH definition

MS = Surgical removal of the thymus gland. (Dorland, 28th ed)

UI = D013934

 

Thymic Factor, Circulating

AN = /biosyn /physiol permitted; DF: THYMIC FACTOR CIRC

MS = A thymus-dependent nonapeptide found in normal blood. Stimulates the formation of E rosettes and is believed to be involved in T-cell differentiation.

UI = D013935

 

Thymidine

AN = /biosyn /physiol permitted; "tritiated thymidine" as a research technique is probably NIM if indexed at all

UI = D013936

 

Thymidine Kinase

MS = An enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of ATP and thymidine to ADP and thymidine 5'-phosphate. Deoxyuridine can also act as an acceptor and dGTP as a donor. (From Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992) EC 2.7.1.21.

UI = D013937

 

Thymidine Monophosphate

AN = /biosyn /physiol permitted

MS = 5-Thymidylic acid. A thymine nucleotide containing one phosphate group esterified to the deoxyribose moiety.

UI = D013938

 

Thymidine Phosphorylase

MS = The enzyme catalyzing the transfer of 2-deoxy-D-ribose from thymidine to orthophosphate, thereby liberating thymidine. EC 2.4.2.4.

UI = D013939

 

Thymidylate Synthase

MS = An enzyme of the transferase class that catalyzes the reaction 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate and dUMP to dihydrofolate and dTMP in the synthesis of thymidine triphosphate. (From Dorland, 27th ed) EC 2.1.1.45.

UI = D013940

 

Thymine

AN = /biosyn /physiol permitted; thymine deoxyriboside, thymine deoxyribonucleoside = THYMIDINE

UI = D013941

 

Thymine Nucleotides

AN = /biosyn /physiol permitted

MS = Phosphate esters of THYMIDINE in N-glycosidic linkage with ribose or deoxyribose, as occurs in nucleic acids. (From Dorland, 28th ed, p1154)

UI = D013942

 

Thymol

AN = an antiseptic & deodorizer

MS = A phenol obtained from thyme oil or other volatile oils. It is used as a stabilizer in pharmaceutic preparations. It has been used for its antiseptic, antibacterial, and antifungal actions, and was formerly used as a vermifuge. (Dorland, 28th ed)

UI = D013943

 

Thymolphthalein

AN = an indicator & reagent; D25-26 qualif

MS = 5',5''-Diisopropyl-2',2''-dimethylphenolphthalein. Used as a pH indicator and as a reagent for blood after decolorizing the alkaline solution by boiling with zinc dust.

UI = D013944

 

Thymoma

AN = benign or malignant; coord IM with THYMUS NEOPLASMS (IM); /blood supply /chem /second /secret /ultrastruct permitted

MS = A neoplasm originating from thymic tissue, usually benign, and frequently encapsulated. Although it is occasionally invasive, metastases are extremely rare. It consists of any type of thymic epithelial cell as well as lymphocytes that are usually abundant and probably not neoplastic. Malignant lymphomas that involve the thymus, e.g., lymphosarcoma, Hodgkin's disease (previously termed granulomatous thymoma), should not be regarded as thymoma. (Stedman, 25th ed)

UI = D013945

 

Thymopentin

AN = an immunol adjuvant

MS = N-(N-(N-(N2-L-Arginyl-L-lysyl)-L-alpha-aspartyl)-L-valyl)-L-tyrosine. Synthetic pentapeptide corresponding to the amino acids 32-36 of thymopoietin and exhibiting the full biological activity of the natural hormone. It is an immunomodulator which has been studied for possible use in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, AIDS, and other primary immunodeficiencies.

UI = D016305

 

Thymopoietins

AN = /biosyn /physiol permitted; do not confuse X ref THYMINS with THYMINE

MS = Two closely related polypeptides (molecular weight 7,000) isolated from the thymus gland. These hormones induce the differentiation of prothymocytes to thymocytes within the thymus. They also cause a delayed impairment of neuromuscular transmission in vivo and are therefore believed to be the agent responsible for myasthenia gravis.

UI = D013946

 

Thymosin

AN = /biosyn /physiol permitted

MS = Thymosin. A family of heat-stable, polypeptide hormones secreted by the thymus gland. Their biological activities include lymphocytopoiesis, restoration of immunological competence and enhancement of expression of T-cell characteristics and function. They have therapeutic potential in patients having primary or secondary immunodeficiency diseases, cancer or diseases related to aging.

UI = D013947

 

Thymus Extracts

AN = extracts of thymus or thymus fractions containing uncharacterized factors; do not confuse with chemical substances "extracted" from the thymus, as "peptides extracted from the mouse thymus" ( = PEPTIDES /anal + THYMUS GLAND /anal)

MS = Extracts of the thymus that contain specific, but uncharacterized factors or proteins with specific activities; three distinct substances are already known: thymotoxin, thymin and thymosin.

UI = D013949

 

Thymus Gland

AN = dis: coord IM with LYMPHATIC DISEASES (IM); /surg: probably THYMECTOMY; thymocyte in immunol context is probably T-LYMPHOCYTES; agenesis, aplasia, dysplasia = DIGEORGE SYNDROME; thymic cyst = THYMIC CYST see MEDIASTINAL CYST

MS = A bilaterally symmetric lymphoid organ situated in the anterior superior mediastinum. Each of its two lobes consists of an outer zone, the cortex, relatively rich in lymphocytes (thymocytes), and an inner zone, the medulla, relatively rich in epithelial cells. The thymus is the site of the production of T-lymphocytes. The thymus reaches its maximal development at about puberty and then undergoes a gradual process of involution resulting in a slow decline of immune function throughout adulthood. (From Dorland, 27th ed)

UI = D013950

 

Thymus Hormones

AN = /biosyn /physiol permitted

MS = Humoral factors secreted by the thymus gland. They participate in the development of the lymphoid system and the maturation of the cellular immune response.

UI = D013951

 

Thymus Hyperplasia

MS = Enlargement of the thymus. A condition described in the late 1940's and 1950's as pathological thymic hypertrophy was status thymolymphaticus and was treated with radiotherapy. Unnecessary removal of the thymus was also practiced. It later became apparent that the thymus undergoes normal physiological hypertrophy, reaching a maximum at puberty and involuting thereafter. The concept of status thymolymphaticus has been abandoned. Thymus hyperplasia is present in two thirds of all patients with myasthenia gravis. (From Segen, Dictionary of Modern Medicine, 1992; Cecil Textbook of Medicine, 19th ed, p1486)

UI = D013952

 

Thymus Neoplasms

AN = /blood supply /chem /second /secret /ultrastruct permitted; coord IM with histol type of neopl (IM)

UI = D013953

 

Thyroglobulin

AN = /biosyn /physiol permitted

UI = D013954

 

Thyroglossal Cyst

AN = non-neoplastic; /blood supply /chem /secret /ultrastruct permitted; "thyroglossal duct" probably goes here

MS = A cyst in the neck caused by persistence of portions of, or by lack of closure of, the primitive thyroglossal duct. (Dorland, 27th ed)

UI = D013955

 

thyroid(Anti) Agents (see:Antithyroid Agents)

 

Thyroid Cartilage

AN = a laryngeal cartilage: nothing to do with THYROID GLAND

MS = The largest cartilage of the larynx consisting of two laminae fusing anteriorly at an acute angle in the midline of the neck. The point of fusion forms a subcutaneous projection known as the Adam's apple.

UI = D013957

 

Thyroid Crisis

AN = "sudden & dangerous increase of the symptoms of thyrotoxicosis"

MS = Sudden and dangerous increase of the symptoms of thyrotoxicosis.

UI = D013958

 

Thyroid Diseases

AN = GEN or unspecified; prefer specifics; inflamm dis = THYROIDITIS; thyroid crisis & thyroid storm = THYROID CRISIS; thyroid nodule = THYROID NODULE; chronic thyroiditis = THYROIDITIS, CHRONIC see THYROIDITIS, AUTOIMMUNE; subacute thyroiditis = THYROIDITIS, SUBACUTE; suppurative or infect thyroiditis = THYROIDITIS, SUPPURATIVE

UI = D013959

 

Thyroid Function Tests

UI = D013960

 

Thyroid Gland

AN = /surg: probably THYROIDECTOMY; inflammation = THYROIDITIS; nodule = THYROID NODULE

MS = A highly vascular endocrine gland consisting of two lobes, one on either side of the trachea, joined by a narrow isthmus; it produces the thyroid hormones which are concerned in regulating the metabolic rate of the body.

UI = D013961

 

Thyroid Gland, Desiccated

AN = note category

MS = The cleaned, dried, and powdered thyroid gland, previously deprived of connective tissue and fat, obtained from domesticated animals that are used for food by man, containing 0.17-0.23% of iodine in thyroid combination, occurring as a yellowish to buff-colored amorphous powder. It was formerly used as a source of thyroid hormones in the treatment of hypothyroidism. (Dorland, 28th ed)

UI = D013962

 

Thyroid Hormone Resistance Syndrome

AN = in euthyroid or slightly hypothyroid persons because of unresponsiveness to thyroid hormones; differentiate from EUTHYROID SICK SYNDROME where a non-thyroid disease is also present

MS = An inherited syndrome of peripheral resistance to thyroid hormones, transmitted as an autosomal recessive trait, characterized by increased serum concentrations of thyroxine and triiodothyronine, increased thyroid hormone binding ratio, and normal to slightly increased thyroid-stimulating hormone and its response to thyrotropin-releasing hormone. The affected persons are euthyroid to slightly hypothyroid. The absence of hypermetabolism and the presence of possible hypothyroidism indicate the existence of partial resistance to the peripheral action of thyroid hormone. (From Jablonski's Dictionary of syndromes & eponymic diseases, 1991)

UI = D018382

 

Thyroid Hormones

AN = GEN or unspecified: prefer specifics; T3 = TRIIODOTHYRONINE, T4 = THYROXINE; /defic: consider also HYPOTHYROIDISM

MS = Hormones secreted by the thyroid gland.

UI = D013963

 

Thyroid Neoplasms

AN = /blood supply /chem /second /secret /ultrastruct permitted; coord IM with histol type of neopl (IM); neoplastic thyroid nodule = THYROID NODULE but see note there

UI = D013964

 

Thyroid Nodule

AN = "pathogenic or non-pathogenic", neoplastic or non-neoplastic; if neoplastic, /blood supply /chem /secret /ultrastruct permitted

MS = A small circumscribed mass of differentiated tissue associated with the thyroid gland. It can be pathogenic or non-pathogenic. The growth of nodules can lead to a condition of GOITER, NODULAR. Most nodules appear between the ages of 30 and 50 years and most are benign.

UI = D016606

 

Thyroidectomy

AN = do not use /util except by MeSH definition

MS = Surgical removal of the thyroid gland. (Dorland, 28th ed)

UI = D013965

 

Thyroiditis

AN = inflamm of thyroid; GEN or unspecified: prefer specifics

UI = D013966

 

Thyroiditis, Autoimmune

MS = Progressive enlargement of the thyroid gland, often associated with hypothyroidism.

UI = D013967

 

Thyroiditis, Subacute

AN = remits spontaneously; do not confuse X ref DE QUERVAIN THYROIDITIS with de Quervain's dis of tendon sheath of thumb muscles ( = TENOSYNOVITIS)

MS = Spontaneously remitting inflammatory condition of the thyroid gland characterized by fever, weakness, sore throat, and painful enlargement of the thyroid gland.

UI = D013968

 

Thyroiditis, Suppurative

AN = caused by bact, fungus, protozoon or flatworm; coord IM with specific infect causing this dis (IM)

MS = Inflammatory disease of the thyroid gland caused by bacteria, fungi, protozoa, or flatworms.

UI = D013969

 

Thyronines

AN = /biosyn /physiol permitted

MS = A group of compounds that are derivatives of the amino acid thyronine, which has a diphenyl ether group in the side chain. (From Stedman, 25th ed)

UI = D013970

 

Thyrotoxicosis

AN = excessive thyroid hormones, endogenous or exogenous

MS = The clinical syndrome that reflects the response of the peripheral tissues to an excess of thyroid hormone.

UI = D013971

 

Thyrotropin

AN = a neurotransmitter pituitary hormone; /biosyn /physiol permitted

MS = A peptide hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary. It promotes the growth of the thyroid gland and stimulates the synthesis of thyroid hormones and the release of thyroxine by the thyroid gland.

UI = D013972

 

Thyroxine

AN = an amino acid; /biosyn /physiol permitted; /blood: consider also HYPERTHYROXINEMIA; D-thyroxine = DEXTROTHYROXINE, L-thyroxine = LEVOTHYROXINE; T4 is THYROXINE

MS = An amino acid of the thyroid gland which exerts a stimulating effect on thyroid metabolism.

UI = D013974

 

Thyroxine-Binding Proteins

AN = serpins; includes also thyroxine-binding albumin in addition to X refs here

MS = A group of proteins that includes thyroxine-binding globulin, a glycoprotein that serves as the major and specific carrier of thyroxine in plasma, accounting for 70-75% of the bound thyroxine; thyroxine-binding prealbumin, an albumin that serves as the secondary carrier, accounting for between 20 and 25% of the bound thyroxine; and serum albumin, which accounts for the remaining bound thyroxine.

UI = D013975

 

Tiapride

MS = Benzamide derivative with dopamine antagonist actions similar to SULPIRIDE. It has been used as an antipsychotic and in the treatment of various movement disorders.

UI = D013976

 

Tibet

AN = ancient & modern

MS = A country of central Asia, nominally an autonomous region within Communist China. It first came under Chinese control during the Manchu dynasty in 1720 and was generally closed to foreigners until late in the nineteenth century. Tibetans are an ancient race of Mongolian type and their ruler is the Dalai Lama. Buddhism was introduced in the seventh century A.D. and most Tibetans are Buddhists. (From Webster's New Geographical Dictionary, 1988)

UI = D018609

 

Tibia

AN = /blood supply: consider also TIBIAL ARTERIES; /inj: consider also TIBIAL FRACTURES; avoid TIBIA /metab, TIBIA /chem, etc. when BONE AND BONES /metab, etc. is meant; tibia vara: index under TIBIA (IM) + BONE DISEASES, DEVELOPMENTAL (IM)

MS = The inner and larger bone of the leg below the knee; it articulates with the femur and head of the fibula above and with the talus below. (Dorland, 28th ed)

UI = D013977

 

Tibial Arteries

MS = The anterior and posterior arteries created at the bifurcation of the popliteal artery. The anterior tibial artery begins at the lower border of the popliteus muscle and lies along the tibia at the distal part of the leg to surface superficially anterior to the ankle joint. Its branches are distributed throughout the leg, ankle, and foot. The posterior tibial artery begins at the lower border of the popliteus muscle, lies behind the tibia in the lower part of its course, and is found situated between the medial malleolus and the medial process of the calcaneal tuberosity. Its branches are distributed throughout the leg and foot.

UI = D016909

 

Tibial Fractures

UI = D013978

 

Tibial Nerve

AN = a branch of the sciatic nerve; dis: coord IM with PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM DISEASES (IM); neopl: coord IM with PERIPHERAL NERVE NEOPLASMS (IM) + histol type of neopl (IM)

MS = The medial terminal branch of the sciatic nerve. The tibial nerve fibers originate in lumbar and sacral spinal segments (L4 to S2). They supply motor and sensory innervation to parts of the calf and foot.

UI = D013979

 

Tic Disorders

AN = a brief involuntary movement; TIC DOULOUREUX see TRIGEMINAL NEURALGIA is also available

MS = Sudden, rapid, recurrent, nonrhythmic, stereotyped motor movements or vocalizations. All forms of tics may be exacerbated by stress and attenuated during absorbing activities. They are distinguished from other types of abnormal movements that may accompany general medical conditions. (From DSM-IV, 1994)

UI = D013981

 

Ticarcillin

AN = a penicillin

MS = 6-((Carboxy-3-thienylacetyl)amino)-3,3-dimethyl-7-oxo-4- thia-1-azabicyclo(3.2.0)heptane-2-carboxylic acid. An antibiotic derived from penicillin similar to carbenicillin in action.

UI = D013982

 

Tick Control

AN = chemicals killing or controlling ticks are indexed under INSECTICIDES, not PESTICIDES even though ticks are not insects; mite control can go here as MITES (IM) + TICK CONTROL (IM)

MS = Chemical, biological, or medical measures designed to prevent the spread of ticks or the concomitant infestations which result in tick-borne diseases. It includes the veterinary as well as the public health aspects of tick and mite control.

UI = D013983

 

Tick Infestations

MS = Infestations with soft-bodied (Argasidae) or hard-bodied (Ixodidae) ticks.

UI = D013984

 

Tick Paralysis

AN = paralysis caused by tick bite; see note under TICKS

MS = Paralysis caused by a neurotropic toxin secreted by the salivary glands of ticks.

UI = D013985

 

Tick Toxicoses

AN = see note under TICKS

MS = Toxicoses caused by toxic substances secreted by the salivary glands of ticks; include tick paralysis (neurotropic toxin), sweating sickness (dermotropic toxin), and Rhipicephalus appendiculatus toxicosis (leukotropic toxin).

UI = D013986

 

Tick-Borne Diseases

AN = can be bacterial, viral or protozoan; GEN or unspecified; prefer specifics; for GEN articles specifying type, coord IM with GEN organism/infect term (IM), as "tick-borne arbovirus diseases" = TICK-BORNE DISEASES (IM) + ARBOVIRUS INFECTIONS (IM)

MS = Bacterial, viral, or parasitic diseases transmitted to humans and animals by the bite of infected ticks. The families Ixodidae and Argasidae contain many bloodsucking species that are important pests of man and domestic birds and mammals and probably exceed all other arthropods in the number and variety of disease agents they transmit. Many of the tick-borne diseases are zoonotic.

UI = D017282

 

Ticks

AN = tick bites = TICKS + BITES AND STINGS, not TICK TOXICOSES nor TICK PARALYSIS unless toxicoses or paralysis results; tick vectors = ARACHNID VECTORS (IM) + TICKS (IM); /microbiol /parasitol /virol permitted; infection = TICK INFESTATIONS; for chemicals for killing or controlling ticks use INSECTICIDES even though ticks are not insects

MS = Blood-sucking acarid parasites of the suborder Ixodedes, superfamily Ixodoidea. The ticks are larger than their relatives, the mites. They penetrate the skin of their host by means of highly specialized, hooked mouth parts and feed on its blood. Many species can live for long periods, well over a year, between feedings. Ticks attack all groups of terrestrial vertebrates. In man they are responsible for many TICK-BORNE DISEASES, including the transmission of ROCKY MOUNTAIN SPOTTED FEVER, TULAREMIA, BABESIOSIS, and RELAPSING FEVER. (From Dorland, 27th ed; Barnes, Invertebrate Zoology, 5th ed, pp543-44)

UI = D013987

 

Ticlopidine

AN = a platelet aggreg inhib

MS = 5-((2-Chlorophenyl)methyl)-4,5,6,7-tetrahydrothieno(3,2-c)pyridine. Ticlopidine is an effective inhibitor of platelet aggregation. The drug has been found to significantly reduce infarction size in acute myocardial infarcts and is an effective antithrombotic agent in arteriovenous fistulas, aorto-coronary bypass grafts, ischemic heart disease, venous thrombosis, and arteriosclerosis.

UI = D013988

 

Ticrynafen

AN = an antihypertensive

MS = 2,3-Dichloro-4-(2-thienylcarbonyl)phenoxyacetic acid. A novel diuretic with uricosuric action. It has been proposed as an antihypertensive agent.

UI = D013989

 

Tidal Volume

AN = NIM; in texts as TV or Vt

MS = The volume of air inspired or expired during each normal, quiet respiratory cycle. Common abbreviations are TV or V with subscript T.

UI = D013990

 

Tietze's Syndrome

AN = painful swelling of rib cartilage

MS = Idiopathic painful nonsuppurative swellings of one or more costal cartilages, especially of the second rib. The anterior chest pain may mimic that of coronary artery disease. (Dorland, 27th ed.)

UI = D013991

 

Tight Junctions

AN = a type of intercellular junction; A 11 qualif except /cytol /transpl; /genet permitted

MS = Cell-cell junctions that seal adjacent epithelial cells together, preventing the passage of most dissolved molecules from one side of the epithelial sheet to the other. (Alberts et al., Molecular Biology of the Cell, 2nd ed, pG-22)

UI = D019108

 

Tilapia

AN = a genus of freshwater fish from tropical countries; IM; when IM, qualif permitted

MS = A freshwater fish used as an experimental organism and for food. This genus of the family Cichlidae inhabits Central and South America (one species extends north into Texas), West Indies, Africa, Madagascar, Syria, and coastal India.

UI = D017210

 

Tiletamine

AN = a dissoc anesthetic & anticonvulsant

MS = Proposed anesthetic with possible anticonvulsant and sedative properties.

UI = D013992

 

Tilidine

AN = a narcotic analgesic

MS = 2-(Dimethylamino)-1-phenyl-3-cyclohexene-1-carboxylic acid ethyl ester. An opioid analgesic used similarly to MORPHINE in the control of moderate to severe pain. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1097)

UI = D013993

 

Tilorone

AN = an interferon inducer

MS = 2,7-Bis(2-(diethylamino)ethoxy)fluoren-9H-one. An antiviral agent used as its hydrochloride. It is the first recognized synthetic, low-molecular-weight compound that is an orally active interferon inducer, and is also reported to have antineoplastic and anti-inflammatory actions.

UI = D013994

 

Tilt-Table Test

AN = in test of cardiac function

MS = Tilt tables are used to maintain a head-down body posture during testing of cardiac response to identify patients with a vasodepressive or cardioinhibitory response as a cause of syncope. (From Braunwald, Heart Disease, 4th ed, p621)

UI = D018667

 

Time

AN = IM as the abstraction; no qualif; do not confuse with TIME FACTORS, the NIM coord aspect of a given subject; "diurnal" & "nocturnal": consider preferably CIRCADIAN RHYTHM

UI = D013995

 

Time and Motion Studies

AN = no qualif; DF: TIME STUDIES

MS = The observation and analysis of movements in a task with an emphasis on the amount of time required to perform the task.

UI = D013996

 

Time Factors

AN = NIM coord of a given subject (IM); no qualif; do not confuse with TIME, the abstraction (usually IM); differentiate from AGE FACTORS: Manual 35.5.3; "diurnal" & "nocturnal": see note on TIME

MS = Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.

UI = D013997

 

Time Management

MS = Planning and control of time to improve efficiency and effectiveness.

UI = D017748

 

Time Perception

MS = The ability to estimate periods of time lapsed or duration of time.

UI = D013998

 

Timolol

AN = an antihypertensive & anti-arrhythmic

MS = A beta-adrenergic antagonist similar in action to PROPRANOLOL. The levo-isomer is the more active. Timolol has been proposed as an antihypertensive, antiarrhythmic, antiangina, and antiglaucoma agent. It is also used in the treatment of migraine and tremor.

UI = D013999

 

Tin

AN = a trace element; Sn-118; Sn-112, 114-117, 119, 122, 124 = TIN (IM) + ISOTOPES (NIM); Sn-108-111, 113, 120, 121, 123, 125-128 = TIN RADIOISOTOPES (IM)

MS = A trace element that is required in bone formation. It has the atomic symbol Sn, atomic number 50, and atomic weight 118.71.

UI = D014001

 

Tin Compounds

AN = inorganic; GEN or unspecified; prefer specifics; DF: TIN CPDS

MS = Inorganic compounds that contain tin as an integral part of the molecule.

UI = D017971

 

Tin Fluorides

AN = X ref STANNOUS FLUORIDE used in dent caries prev

MS = Inorganic fluorides of tin. They include both stannic fluoride (tin tetrafluoride) and stannous fluoride (tin difluoride). The latter is used in the prevention of dental caries.

UI = D014002

 

Tin Polyphosphates

MS = Poly or pyrophosphates of tin. In conjunction with radioactive technetium these compounds are used as bone-scanning agents and in scintigraphy to diagnose myocardial and cerebral infarction.

UI = D014003

 

Tin Radioisotopes

AN = Sn-108-111, 113, 120-121, 123, 125-128; /blood-csf-urine /metab permitted but not for tracer studies ( = /diag use)

MS = Unstable isotopes of tin that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. Sn atoms with atomic weights 108-111, 113, 120-121, 123 and 125-128 are tin radioisotopes.

UI = D014004

 

Tinea

AN = the disease ringworm: do not confuse with TAENIA, tapeworm; GEN or unspecified: prefer specifics

MS = A general term describing various dermatophytoses. Specific types include TINEA CAPITIS (ringworm of the scalp), TINEA FAVOSA (of scalp and skin), TINEA PEDIS (athlete's foot), and tinea unguium (see ONYCHOMYCOSIS, ringworm of the nails). (Dorland, 27th ed)

UI = D014005

 

Tinea Capitis

AN = ringworm of the scalp; do not coord with SCALP or SCALP DERMATOSES

MS = Ringworm of the scalp caused by species of Microsporum and Trichophyton, which may occasionally involve the eyebrows and eyelashes. (Dorland, 27th ed)

UI = D014006

 

Tinea Favosa

AN = ringworm of the scalp; caused by Trichophyton schoenleini

MS = A disease of the scalp that may affect the glabrous skin and the nails and is recognized by the concave sulfur-yellow crusts that form around loose, wiry hairs. Atrophy ensues, leaving a smooth, glossy, thin, paper-white patch. This type of disease is rare in the United States and more frequently seen in the Middle East, Africa, Southeastern Europe, and other countries bordering the Mediterranean Sea. (Arnold, Odom, and James, Andrew's Diseases of the Skin, 8th ed, p319)

UI = D014007

 

Tinea Pedis

AN = ringworm of the foot; do not coord with FOOT or FOOT DERMATOSES

MS = Tinea involving the feet, particularly the interdigital spaces and soles. It is most often caused by Trichophyton rubrum, T. mentagrophytes, or Epidermophyton floccosum, and characterized by intensely pruritic lesions. (Dorland, 27th ed.)

UI = D014008

 

Tinea Versicolor

AN = caused by PITYROSPORUM ORBICULARE see MALASSEZIA

MS = A common chronic, noninflammatory and usually symptomless disorder, characterized by the occurrence of multiple macular patches of all sizes and shapes, and varying in pigmentation from fawn-colored to brown. It is seen most frequently in hot, humid, tropical regions, and is caused by Pityrosporon orbiculare. (Dorland, 27th ed)

UI = D014010

 

Tinidazole

AN = an antitrichomonal

MS = 1-(2-(Ethylsulfonyl)ethyl)-2-methyl-5-nitro-1H-imidazole. A nitroimidazole antitrichomonal agent effective against Trichomonas vaginalis, Entamoeba histolytica, and Giardia lamblia infections.

UI = D014011

 

Tinnitus

AN = sensation of noise in the ear; note spelling: -itus, not -itis

MS = A noise in the ears, as ringing, buzzing, roaring, clicking, etc. Such sounds may at times be heard by others than the patient. (Dorland, 27th ed)

UI = D014012

 

Tiron

AN = a reagent; D25-26 qualif

MS = 4,5-Dihydroxy-1,3-benzenedisulfonic acid disodium salt. A colorimetric reagent for iron, manganese, titanium, molybdenum, and complexes of zirconium. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)

UI = D014013

 

Tissue Adhesives

AN = IM; coord with specific substance used as adhesive if pertinent (IM); D25-26 qualif

MS = Substances used to cause adherence of tissue to tissue or tissue to non-tissue surfaces, as for prostheses.

UI = D014014

 

Tissue Banks

AN = GEN or unspecified for tissues or organs: prefer specifics; coord IM with specific organ or tissue (IM)

MS = Centers for acquiring, characterizing, and storing organs or tissue for future use.

UI = D014015

 

Tissue Conditioning (Dental)

AN = DF: TISSUE CONDITIONING

MS = The use of a treatment material (tissue conditioner) to re-establish tone and health to irritated oral soft tissue, usually applied to the edentulous alveolar ridge.

UI = D014016

 

Tissue Culture

AN = NIM; Manual 18.7.2-.3, 22.26.1, 26.23+; ORGAN CULTURE & CELL CULTURE are also available

MS = Maintaining or growing of tissue, organ primordia, or the whole or part of an organ in vitro so as to preserve its architecture and/or function (Dorland, 28th ed). Tissue culture includes both ORGAN CULTURE and CELL CULTURE.

UI = D014017

 

Tissue Distribution

AN = distrib of drugs or chem in organs & tissues; GEN only: not a substitute for organ /metab or organ /chem; never IM; coord NIM with substance /pharmacokin (IM) or /metab (IM)

MS = Accumulation of a drug or chemical substance in various organs (including those not relevant to its pharmacologic or therapeutic action). This distribution depends on the blood flow or perfusion rate of the organ, the ability of the drug to penetrate organ membranes, tissue specificity, protein binding. The distribution is usually expressed as tissue to plasma ratios.

UI = D014018

 

Tissue Donors

AN = semen or sperm donors: coord IM with INSEMINATION, ARTIFICIAL, HOMOLOGOUS (husband) (IM) or INSEMINATION, ARTIFICIAL, HETEROLOGOUS (non-husband) (IM)

MS = Individuals suppling living tissue, organs, cells, blood or blood components for transfer or transplantation to histocompatible recipients.

UI = D014019

 

Tissue Embedding

AN = embedding of cells or tissue in a supporting medium

MS = The technique of placing cells or tissue in a supporting medium so that thin sections can be cut using a microtome. The medium can be paraffin wax (PARAFFIN EMBEDDING) or plastics (PLASTIC EMBEDDING) such as epoxy resins.

UI = D016610

 

Tissue Expanders

AN = do not use /util except by MeSH definition

MS = Inflatable reservoirs, usually made of silicone, which are implanted subcutaneously in order to generate tissue needed for surgical reconstruction. After implantation, the reservoir is inflated over several weeks by percutaneous injection of fluid. Once the tissue has grown, the expander is surgically removed and the expanded skin is used to cover the area being reconstructed.

UI = D015625

 

Tissue Expansion

AN = do not use /util except by MeSH definition

MS = Process whereby tissue adjacent to a soft tissue defect is expanded by means of a subcutaneously implanted reservoir. The procedure is used in reconstructive surgery for injuries caused by trauma, burns, or ablative surgery.

UI = D015626

 

Tissue Extracts

AN = extracts of organs or tissues or their fractions containing uncharacterized factors; do not confuse with chemical substances "extracted" from tissues, as "peptides extracted from mouse tissue" ( = PEPTIDES /anal + organ or tissue /chem)

MS = Preparations made from animal tissues or organs; they usually contain many components, any one of which may be pharmacologically or physiologically active; extracts may contain specific, but uncharacterized factors or proteins with specific actions.

UI = D014020

 

Tissue Fixation

MS = The technique of using FIXATIVES in the preparation of cytologic, histologic, or pathologic specimens for the purpose of maintaining the existing form and structure of all the constituent elements.

UI = D016707

 

Tissue Plasminogen Activator

AN = DF: TTPA

MS = A proteolytic enzyme in the serine protease family found in many tissues which converts plasminogen to plasmin. This activator is immunologically different from urokinase and, in contrast to urokinase, has fibrin-binding activity. The primary sequence, composed of 527 amino acids, is identical in both the naturally occurring and synthetic proteases. EC 3.4.21.68.

UI = D010959

 

Tissue Preservation

AN = GEN: prefer specifics; cryopreservation of tissue: coord specific tissue heading (IM with no qualif) + CRYOPRESERVATION (IM); do not confuse with cryopreserv of organs: see note under ORGAN PRESERVATION

MS = The process by which a tissue or aggregate of cells is kept alive outside of the organism from which it was derived (i.e., to keep from decay by means of a chemical agent, cooling, or a fluid substitute that mimics the natural state within the organism).

UI = D014021

 

Tissue Survival

AN = viability of organs & tissues goes here

MS = The span of viability of a tissue or an organ.

UI = D014022

 

Tissue Therapy

AN = historical; for contemporary cell or tissue therapy prefer CELL TRANSPLANTATION or TISSUE TRANSPLANTATION

MS = Historically, tissue transplantation, especially of refrigerated tissue (after Filatov). It was theorized that nonspecific substances, capable of initiating restorative processes, formed in tissues when refrigerated. Cell therapy (after Niehans) refers to implantation of tissue by injection. Originally this involved fresh cells but later frozen or lyophilized cells.

UI = D014023

 

Tissue Transplantation

AN = GEN & unspecified only: prefer /transpl with tissues (Manual 19.7+, 19.8.75) but many specific precoord tissue/transpl terms are available; available also are several types of technical transpl terms (e.g., TRANSPLANTATION, HETEROLOGOUS); immunol of tissue transpl = TRANSPLANTATION IMMUNOLOGY; DF: TISSUE TRANSPL

MS = Transference of tissue within an individual, between individuals of the same species, or between individuals of different species.

UI = D016378

 

Tissue-Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1

AN = DF: note short X ref

MS = A member of the family of TISSUE INHIBITOR OF METALLOPROTEINASES. It is a N-glycosylated protein, molecular weight 28 kD, produced by a vast range of cell types and found in a variety of tissues and body fluids. It has been shown to suppress metastasis and inhibit tumor invasion in vitro.

UI = D019715

 

Tissue Inhibitor-of Metalloproteinase-2

AN = DF: note short X ref

MS = A member of the family of TISSUE INHIBITOR OF METALLOPROTEINASES. It is a 21 kD nonglycosylated protein found in tissue fluid and is secreted as a complex with progelatinase A by human fibroblast and uncomplexed from alveolar macrophages. An overexpression of TIMP-2 has been shown to inhibit invasive and metastatic activity of tumor cells and decrease tumor growth in vivo.

UI = D019716

 

Tissue Inhibitor of-Metalloproteinase-3

AN = DF: note short X ref

MS = A member of the family of TISSUE INHIBITOR OF METALLOPROTEINASES. It is a 21 kD, nonglycosylated protein. TIMP-3 does not show a high degree of structural similarity unlike TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 which are structurally similar. However, it does possess a high degree of structural similarity with that of chicken TIMP-3 (ChIMP-3). Human TIMP-3 is of particular concern because of its potential role in cancer, arthritis, and eye diseases.

UI = D019717

 

Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinases

AN = a family of protease inhibitors; GEN or unspecified; prefer specifics; DF: TIMP

MS = A family of secreted proteins (TIMP-1, TIMP-2, and TIMP-3) that play a crucial role in regulating the activity of the secreted metalloproteinases (COLLAGENASES, stromelysins, GELATINASES). Of the three characterized, only TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 appear to have related primary structures and inhibitory properties. They influence the activation of the prometalloproteinase and act to modulate proteolysis of extracellular matrix, notably during tissue remodeling and inflammatory processes. On certain cell types, they can exhibit growth factor-like activity, and they can inhibit the tumorigenic and metastatic phenotype in cancer cells. (Pharmacol Ther 1993;59:329-41)

UI = D019714

 

Tissue Polypeptide Antigen

MS = Serological tumor marker composed of a molecular complex of cytokeratins 8, 18, and 19. It is used in the diagnosis and staging of bronchogenic carcinoma.

UI = D019396

 

Tissues

AN = not used for indexing

MS = Aggregations of similarly specialized cells united in the performance of a particular function. (Dorland, 28th ed)

UI = D014024

 

Titanium

AN = Ti-48; Ti-46, 47, 49, 50 = TITANIUM (IM) + ISOTOPES (NIM); Ti-43-45, 51 = TITANIUM (IM) + RADIOISOTOPES (IM)

MS = A dark-gray, metallic element of widespread distribution but occurring in small amounts; atomic number, 22; atomic weight, 47.90; symbol, Ti; specific gravity, 4.5; used for fixation of fractures. (Dorland, 28th ed)

UI = D014025

 

Titrimetry

AN = an anal chem technique; GEN & unspecified: prefer specifics; NIM

MS = Chemical analysis by titration, the determination of a given component in solution by addition of a liquid reagent of known strength until a given endpoint (e.g., a change in color) is reached.

UI = D017186

 

T-Lymphocyte Subsets

AN = A 11 qualif; coord IM with specific T-lymphocyte (IM)

MS = A classification of T-lymphocytes, especially into helper/inducer, suppressor/effector, and cytotoxic subsets, based on structurally or functionally different populations of cells.

UI = D016176

 

T-Lymphocytes

AN = involved in cellular immunity; GEN: prefer specifics; A 11 qualif; subpopulations = T-LYMPHOCYTE SUBSETS but see note there

MS = Lymphoid cells concerned with cell-mediated immunity. They originate from lymphoid stem cells that migrate from the bone marrow to the thymus and differentiate under the influence of the thymic hormones. Various subpopulations have been described. (From Dorland, 27th ed)

UI = D013601

 

T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic

AN = A 11 qualif; subpopulations: coord IM with T-LYMPHOCYTE SUBSETS (IM)

MS = Immunized T-lymphocytes which can directly destroy appropriate target cells. These cytotoxic lymphocytes may be generated in vitro in mixed lymphocyte cultures (MLC), in vivo during a graft-versus-host (GVH) reaction, or after immunization with an allograft, tumor cell or virally transformed or chemically modified target cell. The lytic phenomenon is sometimes referred to as cell-mediated lympholysis (CML). These cells are distinct from natural killer cells (KILLER CELLS, NATURAL) and from KILLER CELLS mediating antibody-dependent cell cytotoxicity.

UI = D013602

 

T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer

AN = a type of regulatory T-lymphocyte: do not confuse with T-LYMPHOCYTES, SUPPRESSOR-INDUCER; A 11 qualif; subpopulations: coord IM with T-LYMPHOCYTE SUBSETS (IM); DF: note short X refs

MS = Subpopulation of CD4+ lymphocytes that cooperate with other lymphocytes (either T or B) to initiate a variety of immune functions. For example, helper-inducer T-cells cooperate with B-cells to produce antibodies to thymus-dependent antigens and with other subpopulations of T-cells to initiate a variety of cell-mediated immune functions.

UI = D006377

 

T-Lymphocytes, Suppressor-Effector

AN = a type of regulatory T-lymphocyte; A 11 qualif; do not confuse with T-LYMPHOCYTES, SUPPRESSOR-INDUCER; subpopulations: coord IM with T-LYMPHOCYTE SUBSETS; DF: note short X ref

MS = Subpopulation of CD8+ T-lymphocytes which suppress antibody production or inhibit cellular immune responses. Suppressor-effector cells execute the message received from suppressor-inducer cells (T-LYMPHOCYTES, SUPPRESSOR-INDUCER).

UI = D013490

 

T-Lymphocytes, Suppressor-Inducer

AN = A 11 qualif; a type of regulatory T-lymphocyte; do not confuse with SUPPRESSOR CELLS see T-LYMPHOCYTES, SUPPRESSOR-EFFECTOR

MS = Subpopulation of CD4+ lymphocytes which induce CD8+ suppressor T-cells (T-LYMPHOCYTES, SUPPRESSOR-EFFECTOR) to suppress antibody production by B-cells. They also stimulate other cellular immune responses.

UI = D017112

 

T-Lymphocytopenia, Idiopathic CD4-Positive

AN = DF: CD4 LYMPHOCYTOPENIA

MS = Reproducible depletion of CD4+ lymphocytes below 300 per cubic millimeter in the absence of HIV infection or other known causes of immunodeficiency. This is a rare, heterogeneous syndrome and does not appear to be caused by a transmissible agent.

UI = D018344

 

Tobacco

AN = as plant & for smoking ( = SMOKING), sniffing ( = SNUFF see TOBACCO, SMOKELESS) & chewing ( = CHEWING TOBACCO see TOBACCO, SMOKELESS)

MS = The toxic solanaceous American plant Nicotiana tabacum. It yields NICOTINE and other biologically active chemicals; its dried leaves are used for smoking.

UI = D014026

 

Tobacco Industry

AN = SPEC; SPEC qualif; DF: TOBACCO INDUST

MS = The aggregate business enterprise of agriculture, manufacture, and distribution related to tobacco and tobacco-derived products.

UI = D019460

 

Tobacco Mosaic Virus

AN = a species of plant virus; coord IM with TOBACCO /virol (IM or NIM)

MS = The type species of TOBAMOVIRUS which causes mosaic disease of tobacco. Transmission occurs by mechanical inoculation.

UI = D014027

 

Tobacco Mosaic Virus Satellite

AN = note category: a satellite virus, not a satellite RNA ( = RNA, SATELLITE)

MS = A spherical RNA satellite virus which requires an obligatory rod-shaped helper TOBACCO MOSAIC VIRUS for replication.

UI = D019400

 

Tobacco Smoke Pollution

AN = note X ref PASSIVE SMOKING; disease caused by passive smoking = disease /etiol, not /chem ind

MS = Contamination of the air by tobacco smoke.

UI = D014028

 

Tobacco Use Cessation

AN = SMOKING CESSATION is also available

MS = Cessation of the habit of using tobacco products for smoking or chewing, including the use of snuff.

UI = D020340

 

Tobacco Use Disorder

AN = includes cigarettes, cigars, chewing tobacco & snuff; a psychiatric diag: do not confuse with SMOKING /adv eff; note X ref NICOTINE DEPENDENCE: do not coord with NICOTINE unless nicotine is substantially discussed as a chemical

MS = Tobacco used to the detriment of a person's health or social functioning. Tobacco dependence is included.

UI = D014029

 

Tobacco, Smokeless

AN = D25-26 qualif

MS = The powdered leaves of Nicotiana tabacum which are either inhaled through the nose, chewed, or stored in cheek pouches. It includes any product of tobacco that is not smoked.

UI = D014030

 

Tobamovirus

AN = a genus of mosaic viruses of which TOBACCO MOSAIC VIRUS is the type species; from TOBAcco MOsaic virus; coord IM with specific plant /virol (IM or NIM)

MS = A genus of plant viruses in which the virion is a rigid filament. Transmission is by mechanical inoculation or seed. The type species is TOBACCO MOSAIC VIRUS.

UI = D017898

 

Tobramycin

AN = an aminoglycoside antibiotic

MS = O-3-Amino-3-deoxy-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-4)-O-(2,6- diamino-2,3,6-trideoxy-alpha-D-ribohexopyranosyl-(1-4))-2- deoxy-D-streptamine. An aminoglycoside, broad-spectrum antibiotic produced by Streptomyces tenebrarius. It is effective against gram-negative bacteria, especially the Pseudomonas species. It is a 10% component of the antibiotic complex, NEBRAMYCIN, produced by the same species.

UI = D014031

 

Tocainide

AN = an anti-arrhythmic

MS = 2-Amino-N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)propanamide. An antiarrhythmic agent which exerts a potential- and frequency-dependent block of sodium channels. It is generally well tolerated but induces pulmonary complications in some patients.

UI = D016677

 

Tocolysis

AN = check tags FEMALE & PREGNANCY; "tokolysis": translate as "tocolysis"

MS = Any drug treatment modality designed to inhibit uterine contractions in pregnant women at risk for preterm labor.

UI = D015145

 

Tocolytic Agents

AN = suppress uterine contractions to prevent preterm labor & premature birth

MS = Drugs that prevent preterm labor and immature birth by suppressing uterine contractions. Agents used to delay premature uterine activity include magnesium sulfate, beta-mimetics, oxytocin antagonists, calcium channel inhibitors, and adrenergic beta-receptor agonists. The use of intravenous alcohol as a tocolytic is now obsolete.

UI = D015149

 

Todralazine

AN = an antihypertensive

MS = N'-(1-Phthalazinyl)-hydrazinecarboxylic acid ethyl ester. An antihypertensive agent with both central and peripheral action; it has some central nervous system depressant effects.

UI = D014032

 

Toe Joint

AN = TN 117: use for human & other vertebrates; TN 238: differentiation from TOES & indexing instructions

UI = D014033

 

Toes

AN = TN 117: use for human & other vertebrates; TN 238: differentiation from TOE JOINT & indexing instructions; NIM when merely locational as in FOOT DERMATOSES (IM)

UI = D014034

 

Togaviridae

AN = "a family of RNA viruses, mainly arboviruses"; infection = TOGAVIRIDAE INFECTIONS

MS = A family of RNA viruses, mainly arboviruses, consisting of two genera: ALPHAVIRUS (group A arboviruses), and RUBIVIRUS. Virions are spherical, 60-70 nm in diameter, with a lipoprotein envelope tightly applied to the icosahedral nucleocapsid.

UI = D014035

 

Togaviridae Infections

AN = GEN or unspecified; prefer specifics

MS = Virus diseases caused by the TOGAVIRIDAE.

UI = D014036

 

Togo

AN = a republic in western Africa

MS = A republic in western Africa, lying between GHANA on its west and BENIN on its east. Its capital is Lome. Togo was the eastern part of the German protectorate of Togoland from 1884 until it was captured by Anglo-French forces in 1914. It became an autonomous republic within the French Union in 1956, achieving independence in 1960. The country probably derives its name from Lake Togo, to (water) + go (edge or shore). (From Webster's New Geographical Dictionary, 1988, p1216 & Room, Brewer's Dictionary of Names, 1992, p548)

UI = D014037

 

Toilet Facilities

AN = includes bed pans, urinals, commodes, etc.

MS = Facilities provided for human excretion, often with accompanying handwashing facilities.

UI = D014038

 

Toilet Training

AN = no qualif

MS = Conditioning to defecate and urinate in culturally acceptable places.

UI = D014039

 

Token Economy

AN = no qualif

MS = A practice whereby tokens representing money, toys, candy, etc., are given as secondary reinforcers contingent upon certain desired behaviors or performances.

UI = D014040

 

Tokyo

UI = D014041

 

Tolazamide

AN = a hypoglycemic

MS = A sulphonylurea hypoglycemic agent with actions and uses similar to those of CHLORPROPAMIDE.

UI = D014042

 

Tolazoline

AN = a vasodilator & antihypertensive

MS = A vasodilator that apparently has direct actions on blood vessels and also increases cardiac output. Tolazoline can interact to some degree with histamine, adrenergic, and cholinergic receptors, but the mechanisms of its therapeutic effects are not clear. It is used in treatment of persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn.

UI = D014043

 

Tolbutamide

AN = a hypoglycemic

MS = A sulphonylurea hypoglycemic agent with actions and uses similar to those of CHLORPROPAMIDE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p290)

UI = D014044

 

Tolmetin

AN = a cyclooxygenase inhib & non-steroidal anti-inflamm agent

MS = An anti-inflammatory antipyretic and analgesic similar in mode of action to INDOMETHACIN. It has been proposed as an antirheumatic agent.

UI = D014046

 

Tolnaftate

AN = an antifungal

MS = Methyl(3-methylphenyl)carbamothioic acid O-2-naphthalenyl ester. A synthetic antifungal agent.

UI = D014047

 

Tolonium Chloride

AN = a heparin antag; D25-26 qualif

MS = A phenothiazine that has been used as a hemostatic, a biological stain, and a dye for wool and silk. Tolonium chloride has also been used as a diagnostic aid for oral and gastric neoplasms and in the identification of the parathyroid gland in thyroid surgery.

UI = D014048

 

Tolperisone

AN = a central muscle relaxant

MS = A centrally acting muscle relaxant that has been used for the symptomatic treatment of spasticity and muscle spasm. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1211)

UI = D014049

 

Toluene

UI = D014050

 

Toluene 2,4-Diisocyanate

AN = a skin irritant & allergen

MS = 2,4-Diisocyanato-1-methylbenzene. Skin irritant and allergen used in the manufacture of polyurethane foams and other elastomers.

UI = D014051

 

Toluidines

UI = D014052

 

Tomatine

AN = an antifungal

MS = An alkaloid that occurs in the extract of leaves of wild tomato plants. It has been found to inhibit the growth of various fungi and bacteria. It is used as a precipitating agent for steroids. (From The Merck Index, 11th ed)

UI = D014053

 

Tomatoes

AN = as plant & food; selected qualif from Cat B6 & Cat J2

MS = Plants, Lycopersicon esculentum, native to South America, widely cultivated for their edible, fleshy, usually red fruit and also the fruit itself. (From American Heritage Dictionary, 1982)

UI = D018551

 

Tombusviridae

AN = a family of plant viruses; from TOMato BUshy Stunt virus; coord IM with specific plant /virol (IM or NIM)

MS = A family of RNA plant viruses infecting dicotyledons. Transmission is mainly by mechanical inoculation and through propagative plant material. All species elicit formation of multivesicular inclusion bodies. There are two genera: CARMOVIRUS and TOMBUSVIRUS.

UI = D019183

 

Tombusvirus

AN = a genus of plant viruses; from TOMato BUshy Stunt virus; coord IM with specific plant /virol (IM or NIM)

MS = A genus of plant viruses that infects angiosperms. Transmission occurs mechanically and through soil, with one species transmitted via a fungal vector. The type species is tomato bushy stunt virus.

UI = D017864

 

Tomography

AN = do not use /util except by MeSH definition; used for non-x-ray & non-radionuclide tomographies; echotomography seen in foreign lit is probably ULTRASONOGRAPHY & if so use "ultrasonics" or "ultrasonic diagnosis" or "ultrasonography" in translations & not "echotomography"; DF: TOMOGR

MS = Imaging methods that result in sharp images of objects located on a chosen plane and blurred images located above or below the plane.

UI = D014054

 

Tomography, Emission-Computed

AN = uses radionuclides & computer: do not confuse with TOMOGRAPHY, X-RAY COMPUTED using x-rays & computer; "computed tomography" unspecified is probably TOMOGRAPHY, X-RAY COMPUTED; do not use /util except by MeSH definition; DF: note short X ref

MS = Tomography using emissions from radionuclides and a computer algorithm to reconstruct the image.

UI = D014055

 

 

Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon

AN = uses radionuclides & computer; do not use /util except by MeSH definition; DF: CT SINGLE PHOTON EMISS but note shorter X ref: SPECT

MS = A method of computed tomography that uses radionuclides which emit a single photon of a given energy. The camera is rotated 180 or 360 degrees around the patient to capture images at multiple positions along the arc. The computer is then used to reconstruct the transaxial, sagittal, and coronal images from the 3-dimensional distribution of radionuclides in the organ. The advantages of SPECT are that it can be used to observe biochemical and physiological processes as well as size and volume of the organ. The disadvantage is that, unlike positron-emission tomography where the positron-electron annihilation results in the emission of 2 photons at 180 degrees from each other, SPECT requires physical collimation to line up the photons, which results in the loss of many available photons and hence degrades the image.

UI = D015899

 

Tomography Scanners, X-Ray Computed

AN = DF: CT SCANNERS X RAY

MS = X-ray image-detecting devices that make a focused image of body structures lying in a predetermined plane from which more complex images are computed.

UI = D015898

 

Tomography, X-Ray

AN = do not use /util except by MeSH definition; DF: TOMOGR X RAY

MS = Tomography using x-ray transmission.

UI = D014056

 

Tomography, X-Ray Computed

AN = uses x-rays & computer: do not confuse with TOMOGRAPHY, EMISSION-COMPUTED using radionuclides & computer; "computed tomography" unspecified probably goes here; /instrum: consider also TOMOGRAPHY SCANNERS, X-RAY COMPUTED; DF: CT XRAY

MS = Tomography using x-ray transmission and a computer algorithm to reconstruct the image.

UI = D014057

 

Tonga

AN = an island group in Polynesia

MS = An archipelago in Polynesia in the southwest Pacific Ocean, comprising about 150 islands. It is a kingdom whose capital is Nukualofa. It was discovered by the Dutch in 1616, visited by Tasman in 1643, and by Captain Cook in 1773 and 1777. The modern kingdom was established during the reign of King George Tupou I, 1845-93. It became a British protectorate in 1900 and gained independence in 1970. The name Tonga may be of local origin, meaning either island or holy. Its other name, Friendly Islands, was given by Captain Cook from the welcome given him by the natives. (From Webster's New Geographical Dictionary, 1988, p1219 & Room, Brewer's Dictionary of Names, 1992, p549)

UI = D014058

 

Tongue

AN = /surg: consider GLOSSECTOMY; /transpl permitted for tongue grafts as in palate surg; inflammation = GLOSSITIS; tongue thrust: index under TONGUE HABITS; painful or sore tongue = GLOSSALGIA; scrotal tongue = TONGUE, FISSURED

UI = D014059

 

Tongue Diseases

AN = inflamm dis = GLOSSITIS

UI = D014060

 

Tongue Habits

MS = Acquired responses regularly manifested by tongue movement or positioning.

UI = D014061

 

Tongue Neoplasms

AN = /blood supply /chem /second /secret /ultrastruct permitted; coord IM with histol type of neopl (IM)

UI = D014062

 

Tongue, Fissured

UI = D014063

 

Tongue, Hairy

AN = hairy refers to appearance of hypertrophied papillae on tongue

MS = A benign condition of the tongue characterized by hypertrophy of the filiform papillae that give the dorsum of the tongue a furry appearance. The color of the elongated papillae varies from yellowish white to brown or black, depending upon staining by substances such as tobacco, food, or drugs. (Dorland, 27th ed)

UI = D014064

 

Tonic Pupil

AN = "slow pupillary constriction to light...": note category;

MS = Usually a unilateral abnormality of the eye characterized by slow pupillary constriction to light and in which there is a delayed reaction to changes in accommodation and convergence. The affected pupil is usually larger.

UI = D015845

 

Tonometry

AN = restrict to measurement of intraocular pressure: "tonometry" in foreign lit may refer to measurement of non-ocular tension or pressure ( = MANOMETRY); do not use /util except by MeSH definition

MS = Measurement of ocular tension with a tonometer. (Cline, et al., Dictionary of Visual Science, 4th ed)

UI = D014065

 

Tonsil

AN = /surg: probably TONSILLECTOMY; inflammation = TONSILLITIS (note -LL-); lingual tonsils = TONSIL (IM) + TONGUE (NIM); pharyngeal tonsil = ADENOIDS; enlarged tonsils = TONSIL /pathol (IM) + HYPERPLASIA (NIM)

MS = Either of two small, almond-shaped masses located between the palatoglossal and palatopharyngeal arches, one on either side of the oropharynx. It is composed mainly of lymphoid tissue, covered with mucous membrane, and containing various crypts and many lymph follicles. It is believed to act as the source which supplies the mouth and pharynx with phagocytes which destroy bacteria entering the mouth. (Dorland, 27th ed)

UI = D014066

 

Tonsillar Neoplasms

AN = /blood supply /chem /second /secret /ultrastruct permitted; coord IM with histol type of neopl (IM)

UI = D014067

 

Tonsillectomy

AN = do not use /util except by MeSH definition; post-tonsillectomy hemorrh = HEMORRHAGE + POSTOPERATIVE COMPLICATIONS, not HEMORRHAGE, ORAL

MS = Surgical removal of a tonsil or tonsils. (Dorland, 28th ed)

UI = D014068

 

Tonsillitis

AN = coord IM with infection (IM) if specified; lingual tonsillitis: coord IM with TONGUE (NIM)

MS = Inflammation of the tonsils, especially the palatine tonsils. It is often caused by a bacterium. Tonsillitis may be acute, chronic, or recurrent.

UI = D014069

 

Tooth

AN = /embryol: consider also TOOTH GERM & ODONTOGENESIS; /ph permitted but consider DENTAL PHYSIOLOGY for function of dentition as a whole; tooth size & dimension = TOOTH /anat (IM) + ODONTOMETRY (NIM); permanent tooth = TOOTH, deciduous tooth = TOOTH, DECIDUOUS; tooth pain = TOOTHACHE; tooth avulsion or luxation = TOOTH AVULSION; tooth socket: index under ALVEOLAR PROCESS; tooth sensitivity = DENTIN SENSITIVITY

UI = D014070

 

Tooth Abnormalities

AN = do not use /congen & do not coord with INFANT, NEWBORN, DISEASES; duplication of teeth = TOOTH, SUPERNUMERARY; abnorm in congen syphilis = HUTCHINSON'S TEETH see SYPHILIS, CONGENITAL; X ref ODONTOME (a form of developmental dental anomaly): do not confuse with ODONTOMA CATALOG: do not use /in inf

MS = Congenital absence of or defects in structures of the teeth.

UI = D014071

 

Tooth Abrasion

AN = loss of substance caused by friction: differentiate from TOOTH ATTRITION (wearing away by tooth-to-tooth contact like mastication) & TOOTH EROSION (loss of substance by chemical action without bact action)

MS = The pathologic wearing away of the tooth substance by brushing, bruxism, clenching, and other mechanical causes. It is differentiated from TOOTH ATTRITION in that this type of wearing away is the result of tooth-to-tooth contact, as in mastication, occurring only on the occlusal, incisal, and proximal surfaces. It differs also from TOOTH EROSION, the progressive loss of the hard substance of a tooth by chemical processes not involving bacterial action. (From Jablonski, Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992, p2)

UI = D014072

 

Tooth Ankylosis

MS = Solid fixation of a tooth resulting from fusion of the cementum and alveolar bone, with obliteration of the periodontal ligament. It is uncommon in the deciduous dentition and very rare in permanent teeth. (Jablonski's Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992)

UI = D020254

 

Tooth Apex

AN = dis: coord IM with TOOTH DISEASES (IM); /surg: consider also APICOECTOMY; apical foramen goes here

MS = The tip or terminal end of the root of a tooth. (Jablonski, Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992, p62)

UI = D019227

 

Tooth, Artificial

MS = A fabricated tooth substituting for a natural tooth in a prosthesis. It is usually made of porcelain or plastic.

UI = D014093

 

Tooth Attrition

AN = result of tooth-to-tooth contact as in mastication: do not confuse with TOOTH EROSION (result of chem action without bact action) or TOOTH ABRASION (loss of substance from friction like bruxism): read MeSH definitions

MS = The wearing away of a tooth as a result of tooth-to-tooth contact, as in mastication, occurring only on the occlusal, incisal, and proximal surfaces. It is chiefly associated with aging. It is differentiated from TOOTH ABRASION (the pathologic wearing away of the tooth substance by friction, as brushing, bruxism, clenching, and other mechanical causes) and from TOOTH EROSION (the loss of substance caused by chemical action without bacterial action). (Jablonski, Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992, p86)

UI = D019217

 

Tooth Avulsion

AN = partial or complete displacement of tooth from socket; coord IM with specific tooth /inj (IM)

MS = Partial or complete displacement of a tooth from its alveolar support. It is commonly the result of trauma. (From Boucher's Clinical Dental Terminology, 4th ed, p312)

UI = D014084

 

Tooth Bleaching

AN = to lighten tooth discoloration

MS = The use of a chemical oxidizing agent (sometimes in combination with heat) to lighten tooth discolorations. (Boucher's Clinical Dental Terminology, 4th ed, p34)

UI = D014073

 

Tooth Calcification

AN = the physiol process; hypocalcification is probably indexed under AMELOGENESIS IMPERFECTA or DENTAL ENAMEL HYPOPLASIA

MS = The process whereby calcium salts are deposited in the dental enamel. The process is normal in the development of bones and teeth. (Boucher's Clinical Dental Terminology, 4th ed, p43)

UI = D014074

 

Tooth Cervix

AN = IM; coord with specific tooth (IM) if pertinent; DF: note short X ref

MS = The constricted part of the tooth at the junction of the crown and root or roots. It is often referred to as the cementoenamel junction (CEJ), the line at which the cementum covering the root of a tooth and the enamel of the tooth meet. (Jablonski, Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992, p530, p433)

UI = D019237

 

Tooth Components

AN = not used for indexing

MS = The anatomical components of a tooth, its tissues, and correlated parts.

UI = D019589

 

Tooth Crown

AN = anatomical crown: do not confuse with CROWNS or its X ref DENTAL CROWNS (Cat E6), prosthetic restorations; coord IM with specific tooth (IM) if pertinent

MS = The upper part of the tooth, which joins the lower part of the tooth (TOOTH ROOT) at the cervix (TOOTH CERVIX) at a line called the cementoenamel junction. The entire surface of the crown is covered with enamel which is thicker at the extremity and becomes progressively thinner toward the cervix. (From Jablonski, Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992, p216)

UI = D019228

 

Tooth, Deciduous

AN = do not confuse with DENTITION, DECIDUOUS see DENTITION, PRIMARY: see note there

MS = The 20 teeth of the first dentition, which are shed and replaced by the permanent teeth, usually by the age of six years. All deciduous teeth are normally expected to erupt by the age of two and a half years.

UI = D014094

 

Tooth Demineralization

AN = a tooth dis; white spots or white lesions do not go here: note WHITE SPOTS see DENTAL CARIES

MS = A tooth's loss of minerals, such as calcium in hydroxyapatite from the tooth matrix, caused by acidic exposure. An example of the occurrence of demineralization is in the formation of dental caries.

UI = D017001

 

Tooth Discoloration

AN = external staining or staining within pulp; from any cause; coord IM with cause if pertinent (IM or NIM); do not confuse with FLUOROSIS, DENTAL (C7: occurring during tooth calcification)

MS = Any change in the hue, color, or translucency of a tooth due to any cause. Restorative filling materials, drugs (both topical and systemic), pulpal necrosis, or hemorrhage may be responsible. (Jablonski, Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992, p253)

UI = D014075

 

Tooth Diseases

AN = GEN: prefer specifics CATALOG: form qualif permitted

UI = D014076

 

Tooth Erosion

AN = loss of substance caused by chem action without bact action: differentiate from TOOTH ABRASION (loss of substance caused by friction) & TOOTH ATTRITION (wearing away through tooth-to-tooth contact)

MS = Progressive loss of the hard substance of a tooth by chemical processes that do not involve bacterial action. (Jablonski, Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992, p296)

UI = D014077

 

Tooth Eruption

UI = D014078

 

Tooth Eruption, Ectopic

AN = note category

UI = D014079

 

Tooth Exfoliation

AN = use Cat C qualif

MS = Physiologic loss of the primary dentition. (Zwemer, Boucher's Clinical Dental Terminology, 4th ed)

UI = D014080

 

Tooth Extraction

AN = SERIAL EXTRACTION is available as orthodontic proced for sequential removal of teeth over a period of years

MS = The surgical removal of a tooth. (Dorland, 28th ed)

UI = D014081

 

Tooth Fractures

AN = coord IM with specific tooth /inj (IM)

MS = Break or rupture of a tooth or tooth root.

UI = D014082

 

Tooth Germ

AN = /embryol: consider also ODONTOGENESIS

MS = The collective tissues from which an entire tooth is formed, including the DENTAL SAC, ENAMEL ORGAN, and DENTAL PAPILLA. (From Jablonski, Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992)

UI = D014083

 

Tooth, Impacted

AN = do not confuse with TOOTH, UNERUPTED

MS = A tooth that is prevented from erupting by a physical barrier, usually other teeth. Impaction may also result from orientation of the tooth in an other than vertical position in the periodontal structures.

UI = D014095

 

Tooth Injuries

AN = GEN or unspecified; prefer /inj with specific tooth, as CUSPID /inj; also available are TOOTH FRACTURES & TOOTH AVULSION; DF: TOOTH INJ

MS = Traumatic or other damage to teeth including fractures (TOOTH FRACTURES) or displacements (TOOTH LUXATION).

UI = D018677

 

Tooth Loss

AN = from dis or inj; note category

MS = The failure to retain teeth as a result of disease or injury.

UI = D016388

 

Tooth Migration

AN = movement to another position along the line of the dental arch (alveolar process): do not confuse with TOOTH MOBILITY; use Cat C qualif

UI = D014085

 

Tooth Mobility

AN = physiol mobility of deciduous teeth or pathol mobility of permanent teeth in periodontal dis or trauma; use Cat C qualif; do not confuse with TOOTH MOVEMENT (an orthodontic procedure)

MS = Horizontal and, to a lesser degree, axial movement of a tooth in response to normal forces, as in occlusion. It refers also to the movability of a tooth resulting from loss of all or a portion of its attachment and supportive apparatus, as seen in periodontitis, occlusal trauma, and periodontosis. (From Jablonski, Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992, p507 & Boucher's Clinical Dental Terminology, 4th ed, p313)

UI = D014086

 

Tooth Movement

AN = note category: "orthodontic techniques used to correct the malposition of a single tooth"; do not confuse with TOOTH MIGRATION or TOOTH MOBILITY; do not use /util except by MeSH definition

MS = Orthodontic techniques used to correct the malposition of a single tooth.

UI = D014087

 

Tooth, Nonvital

AN = a devitalized tooth: note X ref

MS = A tooth from which the dental pulp has been removed or is necrotic. (Boucher, Clinical Dental Terminology, 4th ed)

UI = D019553

 

Tooth Permeability

UI = D014088

 

Tooth Preparation

AN = GEN or unspecified; prefer specifics; coord IM with specific dental procedure (IM)

MS = Procedures carried out with regard to the teeth or tooth structures preparatory to specified dental therapeutic and surgical measures.

UI = D019246

 

Tooth Preparation, Prosthodontic

AN = restrict to prep procedures for prostheses; DENTAL CAVITY PREPARATION (for fillings & inlays) & ROOT CANAL PREPARATION are also available

MS = The selected form given to a natural tooth when it is reduced by instrumentation to receive a prosthesis (e.g., artificial crown or a retainer for a fixed or removable prosthesis). The selection of the form is guided by clinical circumstances and physical properties of the materials that make up the prosthesis. (Boucher's Clinical Dental Terminology, 4th ed, p239)

UI = D019231

 

Tooth Remineralization

AN = note category: replacement of minerals in partially decalcified teeth

MS = Therapeutic technique for replacement of minerals in partially decalcified teeth.

UI = D014089

 

Tooth Replantation

AN = differentiate from DENTAL IMPLANTATION: see note there; do not use /util except by MeSH definition

MS = Reinsertion of a tooth into the alveolus from which it was removed or otherwise lost.

UI = D014090

 

Tooth Resorption

AN = resorpt of calcified dent tissue; only Cat C qualif

MS = Resorption of calcified dental tissue, involving demineralization due to reversal of the cation exchange and lacunar resorption by osteoclasts. There are two types: external (as a result of tooth pathology) and internal (apparently initiated by a peculiar inflammatory hyperplasia of the pulp). (From Jablonski, Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992, p676)

UI = D014091

 

Tooth Root

AN = dis: coord IM with TOOTH DISEASES (IM); root fract or radicular fract: index under TOOTH ROOT /inj (IM) + TOOTH FRACTURES (IM); dilaceration of root: index under TOOTH ROOT /abnorm; TOOTH APEX is available

MS = The part of a tooth from the neck to the apex, embedded in the alveolar process and covered with cementum. A root may be single or divided into several branches, usually identified by their relative position, e.g., lingual root or buccal root. Single-rooted teeth include mandibular first and second premolars and the maxillary second premolar teeth. The maxillary first premolar has two roots in most cases. Maxillary molars have three roots. (Jablonski, Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992, p690)

UI = D014092

 

Tooth Socket

MS = One of the cavities in the alveolar process of the mandible or maxilla, in which the roots of the teeth are held by fibers of the dental ligament. (Dorland, 28th)

UI = D020390

 

Tooth, Supernumerary

AN = do not use /congen & do not coord with INFANT, NEWBORN, DISEASES; may refer to erupted or unerupted tooth: if erupted do not use TOOTH ERUPTION; if unerupted coord IM with TOOTH, UNERUPTED (NIM) CATALOG: do not use /in inf

MS = An extra tooth, erupted or unerupted, resembling or unlike the other teeth in the group to which it belongs. Its presence may cause malposition of adjacent teeth or prevent their eruption.

UI = D014096

 

Tooth, Unerupted

AN = note categories; do not confuse with TOOTH, IMPACTED

MS = A normal developing tooth which has not yet perforated the oral mucosa or one that fails to erupt in the normal sequence or time interval expected for the type of tooth in a given gender, age, or population group.

UI = D014097

 

Toothache

UI = D014098

 

Toothbrushing

AN = restrict to brushing with a toothbrush: see note at DENTAL DEVICES, HOME CARE

MS = The act of cleaning teeth with a brush to remove plaque and prevent tooth decay. (From Webster, 3d ed)

UI = D014099

 

Toothpaste

AN = D25-26 qualif

MS = A dentifrice in paste form; usually contains binder, humectant, an abrasive, a detergent, flavoring agent and often caries preventives, anti-infective agents or other medicaments.

UI = D014100

 

Topography, Medical

AN = an aspect of med geog: do not use for anatomical topogr ( = organ /anat); coord IM with specific dis /epidemiol (IM) or med or physiol aspect (IM) + specific geog locale; no qualif unless as SPEC; DF: TOPOGR MED

MS = The systematic surveying, mapping, charting, and description of specific geographical sites, with reference to the physical features that were presumed to influence health and disease. Often associated with Hippocrates, the process became a significant part of public health investigation and epidemiological methodology, particularly between the 17th and 19th centuries. Medical topography should be differentiated from EPIDEMIOLOGY in that the former emphasizes geography whereas the latter emphasizes disease outbreaks. (Dr. James H. Cassedy, NLM History of Medicine Division)

UI = D019371

 

Topotecan

MS = An antineoplastic agent used to treat ovarian cancer. It works by inhibiting DNA TOPOISOMERASE.

UI = D019772

 

Toremifene

AN = an antineoplastic

MS = A nonsteroidal antiestrogenic antitumor agent with rare or mild side effects. It has been shown to be effective in the treatment of advanced breast cancer.

UI = D017312

 

Torovirus

AN = a genus of the family Coronaviridae; from Latin torus, an architectural term with ref to its shape; infection = TOROVIRUS INFECTIONS (IM)

MS = A genus of the family CORONAVIRIDAE characterized by enveloped, peplomer-bearing particles containing an elongated tubular nucleocapsid with helical symmetry. Toroviruses have been found in association with enteric infections in horses (Berne virus), cattle (Breda virus), and humans. Transmission takes place probably via the fecal-oral route.

UI = D017003

 

Torovirus Infections

AN = caused by a member of the family Coronaviridae

MS = Infections with viruses of the genus TOROVIRUS, family CORONAVIRIDAE.

UI = D018176

 

Torpedo

AN = electric fish; IM; qualif permitted

MS = A genus of the Torpedinidae family consisting of several species. This genus as well as all the other genera of this family have powerful electric organs and are commonly called electric rays.

UI = D014101

 

Torque

AN = a principle of mechanics; not restricted to space flight

MS = About an axis, the product of a force and the distance of its line of action from the axis. (NASA Thesaurus, 1994)

UI = D019415

 

Torsades de Pointes

AN = a ventric tachycardia; in transl "torsade" or "torsades" is acceptable: use word of author

MS = A ventricular tachycardia characterized by periodic twisting of the points of the QRS complexes and rates between 200 and 250 beats per minute. It may be self-limited or may progress to ventricular fibrillation.

UI = D016171

 

Torsion

AN = never IM; when NIM, use any Cat C qualif pertinent; coord with organ/dis precoord (IM)

MS = A twisting or rotation of a bodily part or member on its axis.

UI = D014102

 

Torticollis

AN = twisted neck

MS = A contraction of the cervical muscles producing twisting of the neck and an unnatural position of the head.

UI = D014103

 

Torture

AN = of humans or animals; physical or mental torture

MS = The intentional infliction of physical or mental suffering upon an individual or individuals, including the torture of animals.

UI = D014104

 

Tospovirus

AN = a group of plant viruses of the Bunyaviridae family; from TOmato SPOtted wilt virus; coord IM with specific plant /virol (IM or NIM)

MS = A genus of plant viruses in the family BUNYAVIRIDAE. Tomato spotted wilt virus is the type species and only confirmed member, but there are many other possible members. Transmission occurs by at least nine species of thrips.

UI = D017865

 

Tosyl Compounds

AN = DF: TOSYL CPDS

UI = D014105

 

Tosylarginine Methyl Ester

MS = N(2)-(p-Tolylsulfonyl)-L-arginine, methyl ester. Arginine derivative which is a substrate for many proteolytic enzymes. As a substrate for the esterase from the first component of complement, it inhibits the action of C(l) on C(4).

UI = D014106

 

Tosyllysine Chloromethyl Ketone

AN = a serine protease inhib

MS = An inhibitor of serine proteinases. Acts as an alkylating agent and is known to interfere with the translation process.

UI = D014107

 

Tosylphenylalanyl Chloromethyl Ketone

AN = a serine protease inhib

MS = An inhibitor of serine proteinases. Acts as alkylating agent and is known to interfere with the translation process.

UI = D014108

 

Total Lung Capacity

AN = NIM; DF: TOTAL LUNG CAPAC

MS = The volume of air contained in the lungs at the end of a maximal inspiration. It is the equivalent to each of the following sums: vital capacity plus residual volume; inspiratory capacity plus functional residual capacity; tidal volume plus inspiratory reserve volume plus functional residual capacity; tidal volume plus inspiratory reserve volume plus expiratory reserve volume plus residual volume.

UI = D014109

 

Total Quality Management

AN = not restricted to health care; DF: TQM

MS = The application of industrial management practice to systematically maintain and improve organization-wide performance. Effectiveness and success are determined and assessed by quantitative quality measures.

UI = D017749

 

Totiviridae

AN = a family of RNA viruses infecting fungi & protozoa; coord IM with specific fungus /virol (IM or NIM) or specific protozoon /virol (IM or NIM)

MS = A family of RNA viruses that infect fungi and protozoa. There are three genera: TOTIVIRUS, GIARDIAVIRUS, and LEISHMANIAVIRUS.

UI = D019196

 

Totivirus

AN = a genus of the family Totiviridae infecting fungi; coord IM with specific fungus /virol (IM or NIM)

MS = A genus of RNA fungi viruses in the family TOTIVIRIDAE. Some of the viruses contain additional satellite RNA or defective RNA. Transmission occurs during cell division, sporogenesis and cell fusion. The type species is Saccharomyces cerevisiae virus L-A.

UI = D019197

 

Touch

MS = Sensation or perception by which contact with objects, animate or inanimate, gives evidence as to certain qualities or characteristics.

UI = D014110

 

Tourette Syndrome

AN = a basal ganglia dis; do not use /congen & do not coord with INFANT, NEWBORN, DISEASES

MS = Both multiple motor and one or more vocal tics present with tics occurring many times a day, nearly daily, over a period of more than one year. The onset is before age 18 and the disturbance is not due to direct physiological effects of a substance or a general medical condition. The disturbance causes marked distress or significant impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning. (DSM-IV, 1994)

UI = D005879

 

Tourniquets

MS = Devices for the compression of a blood vessel by application around an extremity to control the circulation and prevent the flow of blood to or from the distal area. (From Dorland, 28th ed)

UI = D014111

 

Toxaphene

AN = TN 111 for eff on insects

MS = A very complex, but reproducible mixture of at least 177 C10 polychloro derivatives, having an approximate overall empirical formula of C10-H10-Cl8. It is used as an insecticide and may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen: Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985). (From Merck Index, 11th ed)

UI = D014112

 

Toxascariasis

AN = an Ascaridida infect but differentiate from TOXOCARIASIS, also an Ascaridida infect

MS = Infections with nematodes of the genus TOXASCARIS.

UI = D017227

 

Toxascaris

AN = a genus of nematodes; do not confuse with TOXOCARA, also a nematode genus; infection = TOXASCARIASIS; for antigens, coord with ANTIGENS, HELMINTH, for antibodies, coord with ANTIBODIES, HELMINTH

MS = An ascarid nematode found primarily in the small intestine of the larger Felidae as well as dogs and cats. It differs from TOXOCARA in that the larvae do not migrate through the lungs. It does occasionally produce visceral larva migrans (LARVA MIGRANS, VISCERAL) in man, although more rarely than does Toxocara.

UI = D014114

 

Toxemia

AN = CATALOG: do not use /in pregn ( = PREGNANCY TOXEMIAS)

MS = A generalized intoxication produced by toxins and other substances elaborated by an infectious agent.

UI = D014115

 

Toxicity Tests

AN = GEN or unspecified; prefer specifics; used for tests of drugs, food, environ pollutants, etc. when emphasis is on the nature of the test, its method, application, special features, purpose ( = TOXICITY TESTS (IM) + drug /tox (IM) or food /tox (IM) or pollutant /tox (IM), etc.): do not confuse with the determ of the toxic eff of a specific substance ( = specific substance /tox); DF: TOX TESTS

MS = Tests that determine the toxicity of a substance. These include tests of clinical drugs, foods, environmental pollutants, etc.

UI = D018675

 

Toxicodendron

AN = = ivy, oak & sumac; contact causes probably POISON IVY DERMATITIS see DERMATITIS, TOXICODENDRON

MS = A genus (formerly Rhus) of shrubs, vines, or trees that yields a highly allergenic oleoresin which causes a severe contact dermatitis. The most toxic species are Toxicodendron vernix (poison sumac), T. diversilobum (poison oak), and T. radicans (poison ivy). T. vernicifera yields a useful varnish from which certain enzymes (laccases) are obtained.

UI = D012251

 

Toxicology

AN = SPEC only: SPEC qualif; prefer /adv eff-pois-tox with specific D terms: Manual 19.7+, 19.8.73, 19.9+; DF: TOXICOL

MS = The science concerned with the detection, chemical composition, and pharmacologic action of toxic substances or poisons and the treatment and prevention of toxic manifestations.

UI = D014116

 

Toxiferine

AN = a neuromusc nondepolarizing agent

MS = A curare alkaloid that is a very potent competitive nicotinic antagonist at the neuromuscular junction.

UI = D014117

 

Toxins

AN = GEN or unspecified; prefer specifics

MS = Specific, characterizable, poisonous chemicals, often proteins, with specific biological properties, including immunogenicity, produced by microbes, higher plants, or animals.

UI = D014118

 

Toxocara

AN = a genus of nematodes common in cat & dog intestine but TOXOCARA CANIS is available; do not confuse with TOXASCARIS, also a nematode genus; infection = TOXOCARIASIS (not to be confused with TOXASCARIASIS); for antigens, coord with ANTIGENS, HELMINTH, for antibodies, coord with ANTIBODIES, HELMINTH

MS = A genus of ascarid nematodes commonly parasitic in the intestines of cats and dogs.

UI = D014119

 

Toxocara canis

AN = a species of nematode found in the dog intestine; infection: coord IM with TOXOCARIASIS (IM); for antigens, coord with ANTIGENS, HELMINTH, for antibodies, coord with ANTIBODIES, HELMINTH

MS = A species of parasitic nematode found in the intestine of dogs. Lesions in the brain, liver, eye, kidney, and lung are caused by migrating larvae. In humans, these larvae do not follow normal patterns and may produce visceral larva migrans (LARVA MIGRANS, VISCERAL).

UI = D017166

 

Toxocariasis

AN = an Ascaridida infect but differentiate from TOXASCARIASIS, also an Ascaridida infect; coord IM with species (IM); in animals but check tag ANIMAL; in man, probably is LARVA MIGRANS, VISCERAL

MS = Infection by round worms of the genus TOXOCARA, usually found in wild and domesticated cats and dogs and foxes, except for the larvae, which may produce visceral and ocular larva migrans in man.

UI = D014120

 

Toxoids

AN = GEN or unspecified; prefer specifics; coord disease with /prev, not /ther (here ANTITOXINS is coord)

MS = Preparations of pathogenic organisms or their derivatives made nontoxic and intended for active immunologic prophylaxis. They include deactivated toxins.

UI = D014121

 

Toxoplasma

AN = infection = TOXOPLASMOSIS & its specifics; /drug eff: consider also COCCIDIOSTATS; for antigens, coord with ANTIGENS, PROTOZOAN, for antibodies, coord with ANTIBODIES, PROTOZOAN

MS = A genus of protozoa parasitic to birds and mammals. T. gondii is one of the most common infectious pathogenic animal parasites of man.

UI = D014122

 

Toxoplasmosis

AN = sporozoan infect caused by Toxoplasma gondii; GEN or unspecified; prefer specifics

MS = The acquired form of infection by Toxoplasma gondii in animals and man.

UI = D014123

 

Toxoplasmosis, Animal

AN = exper or vet; /congen permitted: do not coord with TOXOPLASMOSIS, CONGENITAL

MS = Acquired infection of non-human animals by organisms of the genus TOXOPLASMA.

UI = D014124

 

Toxoplasmosis, Cerebral

AN = specific part of brain usually not specified nor at issue; if particularly discussed coord IM with part of brain or precoord brain /dis heading (IM)

MS = Infection caused by the protozoan TOXOPLASMA that presents itself in a subacute fashion with headache, focal neurologic signs, seizures, or altered mental status which can progress to coma. This condition is a commonly encountered opportunistic infection in AIDS patients.

UI = D016781

 

Toxoplasmosis, Congenital

AN = do not use /congen & do not coord with INFANT, NEWBORN, DISEASES; /vet = TOXOPLASMOSIS, ANIMAL /congen CATALOG: do not use /in inf

MS = Congenital infection with Toxoplasma gondii characterized by lesions of the central nervous system.

UI = D014125

 

Toxoplasmosis, Ocular

AN = /congen permitted: do not coord with TOXOPLASMOSIS, CONGENITAL

MS = Infection caused by the protozoan parasite TOXOPLASMA in which there is extensive connective tissue proliferation, the retina surrounding the lesions remains normal, and the ocular media remain clear. Chorioretinitis may be associated with all forms of toxoplasmosis, but is usually a late sequel of congenital toxoplasmosis. The severe ocular lesions in infants may lead to blindness.

UI = D014126

 

Toyocamycin

AN = an antineoplastic antibiotic & antimetabolite

MS = 4-Amino-5-cyano-7-(D-ribofuranosyl)-7H- pyrrolo(2,3-d)pyrimidine. Antibiotic antimetabolite isolated from Streptomyces toyocaensis cultures. It is an analog of adenosine, blocks RNA synthesis and ribosome function, and is used mainly as a tool in biochemistry.

UI = D014127

 

T-Phages

AN = coliphages; GEN or unspecified; prefer specifics; do not confuse with T VIRUS see RETICULOENDOTHELIOSIS VIRUS, AVIAN

MS = A series of 7 virulent phages which infect E. coli. The T-even phages T2, T4 (BACTERIOPHAGE T4), and T6, and the phage T5 are called "autonomously virulent" because they cause cessation of all bacterial metabolism on infection. Phages T1, T3 (BACTERIOPHAGE T3), and T7 (BACTERIOPHAGE T7) are called "dependent virulent" because they depend on continued bacterial metabolism during the lytic cycle. The T-even phages contain 5-hydroxymethylcytosine in place of ordinary cytosine in their DNA.

UI = D013604

 

Trabecular Meshwork

AN = in the eye: do not confuse with other trabeculae

MS = A porelike structure surrounding the entire circumference of the anterior chamber through which aqueous humor circulates to the canal of Schlemm.

UI = D014129

 

Trabeculectomy

AN = refers to trabecular meshwork of eye only; do not use /util except by MeSH definition

MS = Any surgical procedure for treatment of glaucoma by means of puncture or reshaping of the trabecular meshwork. It includes goniotomy, trabeculotomy, and laser perforation.

UI = D014130

 

Trace Elements

AN = GEN; /physiol permitted; see dictionary definition: do not coord with METALS for "trace metals" nor with MINERALS for "trace minerals"; do not confuse with "tracers" used for detection or with trace amounts of substances in tissue, food, etc.

MS = A group of chemical elements that are needed in minute quantities for the proper growth, development, and physiology of an organism. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

UI = D014131

 

Trachea

AN = /surg: consider also TRACHEOSTOMY & TRACHEOTOMY; inflammation = TRACHEITIS; tracheal cyst = TRACHEAL CYST see MEDIASTINAL CYST

MS = The cartilaginous and membranous tube descending from the larynx and branching into the right and left main bronchi.

UI = D014132

 

Tracheal Diseases

AN = inflamm dis = TRACHEITIS

UI = D014133

 

Tracheal Neoplasms

AN = /blood supply /chem /second /secret /ultrastruct permitted; coord IM with histol type of neopl (IM)

UI = D014134

 

Tracheal Stenosis

UI = D014135

 

Tracheitis

UI = D014136

 

Tracheobronchomegaly

AN = enlarged trachea lumen & larger bronchi; do not use /congen & do not coord with INFANT, NEWBORN, DISEASES CATALOG: do not use /in inf

MS = A rare and probably congenital condition characterized by great enlargement of the lumen of the trachea and the larger bronchi.

UI = D014137

 

Tracheoesophageal Fistula

AN = abnorm passage between trachea & esophagus; fistula policy: Manual 23.19+

MS = Abnormal communication between the esophagus and the trachea which is often associated with ESOPHAGEAL ATRESIA. This abnormality may be acquired, but is frequently congenital.

UI = D014138

 

Tracheostomy

AN = do not use /util except by MeSH definition; do not confuse with TRACHEOTOMY

MS = Surgical formation of an opening into the trachea through the neck, or the opening so created.

UI = D014139

 

Tracheotomy

AN = do not use /util except by MeSH definition; do not confuse with TRACHEOSTOMY

MS = Surgical incision of the trachea.

UI = D014140

 

Trachoma

AN = caused by Chlamydia trachomatis, a bacterium, not a virus ("trachoma virus")

MS = A chronic infection of the conjunctiva and cornea caused by CHLAMYDIA TRACHOMATIS.

UI = D014141

 

Track and Field

AN = /inj: coord IM with specific inj (IM); /physiol permitted; DF: TRACK

MS = Sports performed on a track, field, or arena and including running events and other competitions, such as the pole vault, shot put, etc.

UI = D014142

 

Traction

MS = The pull on a limb or a part thereof. Skin traction (indirect traction) is applied by using a bandage to pull on the skin and fascia where light traction is required. Skeletal traction (direct traction), however, uses pins or wires inserted through bone and is attached to weights, pulleys, and ropes. (From Blauvelt & Nelson, A Manual of Orthopaedic Terminology, 5th ed)

UI = D014143

 

Tragacanth

AN = a cathartic & excipient; /biosyn permitted if by plant

MS = Powdered exudate from Astragalus gummifer and related plants. It forms gelatinous mass in water. Tragacanth is used as suspending agent, excipient or emulsifier in foods, cosmetics and pharmaceuticals. It has also been used as a bulk-forming laxative.

UI = D014144

 

Trail Making Test

MS = The subject's ability to connect 25 numbered and lettered circles in sequence in a specific length of time. A score of 12 or below is suggestive of organic brain damage.

UI = D014145

 

Training Support

AN = SPEC qualif; specify agency or government & geog if possible CATALOG: /geog /form

MS = Financial support for training including both student stipends and loans and training grants to institutions.

UI = D014146

 

Tramadol

AN = a narcotic analgesic

MS = A narcotic analgesic proposed for severe pain. It may be habituating.

UI = D014147

 

Tranexamic Acid

AN = an antifibrinolytic agent

MS = 4-(Aminomethyl)cyclohexanecarboxylic acid. Antifibrinolytic hemostatic used in severe hemorrhage.

UI = D014148

 

Tranquilizing Agents

AN = GEN or unspecified; prefer specific groups or specific drugs; available also are TRANQUILIZING AGENTS, MINOR see ANTI-ANXIETY AGENTS & TRANQUILIZING AGENTS, MAJOR see ANTIPSYCHOTIC AGENTS

MS = A traditional grouping of drugs said to have a soothing or calming effect on mood, thought, or behavior. Included here are the ANTI-ANXIETY AGENTS (minor tranquilizers), ANTIMANIC AGENTS, and the ANTIPSYCHOTIC AGENTS (major tranquilizers). These drugs act by different mechanisms and are used for different therapeutic purposes.

UI = D014149

 

See also: Antipsychotic Agents, Anti-Anxiety Agents

 

Transactional Analysis

AN = a psychoanal technique; DF: TRANSACTIONAL ANAL

MS = A psychoanalytic therapy wherein each social transaction is analyzed to determine the involved ego state (whether parent-like, child-like, or adult-like) as a basis for understanding behavior.

UI = D014152

 

Trans-Activation (Genetics)

AN = "increased rate of gene expression"; DF: TRANS ACTIVATION

MS = Increased rate of gene expression directed by either viral or cellular proteins. These regulatory factors (diffusible gene products) act in trans -- that is, act on homologous or heterologous molecules of DNA. (Cis-acting factors act only on homologous molecules.)

UI = D015533

 

Trans-Activators

AN = in genetics, regulate expression of viral proteins; /biosyn /drug eff /physiol /ultrastruct permitted

MS = Diffusible gene products that act on homologous or heterologous molecules of viral or cellular DNA to regulate the expression of proteins.

UI = D015534

 

Transaldolase

MS = An enzyme of the transferase class that catalyzes the reaction sedoheptulose 7-phosphate and D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate to yield D-erythrose 4-phosphate and D-fructose phosphate in the pentosephosphate pathway. (Dorland, 27th ed) EC 2.2.1.2.

UI = D014153

 

Transaminases

MS = A subclass of enzymes of the transferase class that catalyze the transfer of an amino group from a donor (generally an amino acid) to an acceptor (generally a 2-keto acid). Most of these enzymes are pyridoxyl phosphate proteins. (Dorland, 28th ed) EC 2.6.1.

UI = D000637

 

Transcaucasia

MS = Area of Europe that includes ARMENIA, AZERBAIJAN, and the Republic of GEORGIA.

UI = D014154

 

Transcobalamins

AN = serum globulins; "carrier proteins which bind with vitamin B12 in the blood"; /biosyn /drug eff /physiol /ultrastruct permitted

MS = A group of carrier proteins which bind with vitamin B12 in the blood and aid in its transport. Transcobalamin I migrates electrophoretically as a beta-globulin, while transcobalamins II and III migrate as alpha-globulins.

UI = D014155

 

Transcortin

AN = an alpha-globulin

UI = D014156

 

Transcription Factor AP-1

AN = in genetic transcription; /biosyn /physiol permitted; DF: AP 1

MS = A multiprotein complex composed of the products of c-jun and c-fos proto-oncogenes. These proteins must dimerize in order to bind to the AP-1 recognition site, also known as the TPA-responsive element (TRE). AP-1 controls both basal and inducible transcription of several genes.

UI = D018808

 

Transcription Factor, Sp1

AN = /drug eff /ultrastruct permitted; in titles & translations use SP1 (the figure one), not SPl (the letter l)

MS = Promoter-specific RNA polymerase II transcription factor that binds to the GC box, one of the upstream promoter elements (UPE) in mammalian cells. The binding of Sp1 is necessary to initiate transcription in the promoters of a variety of cellular and viral genes including c-Ha-ras and HIV.

UI = D016329

 

Transcription Factors

AN = in genetic transcription; /biosyn /physiol permitted; regulatory proteins go here or under REPRESSOR PROTEINS or VIRAL REGULATORY PROTEINS

MS = Endogenous substances, usually proteins, which are effective in the initiation, stimulation, or termination of the genetic transcription process.

UI = D014157

 

Transcription Factors, TFII

AN = in genetic transcription; /biosyn /physiol permitted; TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS, TFIII is also available

MS = The so-called general transcription factors that bind to RNA POLYMERASE II and that are required to initiate transcription. They include TFIIA, TFIIB, TFIID, TFIIE, TFIIF, TFIIH, TFII-I, and TFIIJ. In vivo they apparently bind in an ordered multi-step process and/or may form a large preinitiation complex called RNA polymerase II holoenzyme.

UI = D019473

 

Transcription Factors, TFIII

AN = in genetic transcription; /biosyn /physiol permitted; TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS, TFII is also available

MS = Factors that bind to RNA POLYMERASE III and aid in transcription. They include the assembly factors TFIIIA and TFIIIC and the initiation factor TFIIIB. All combine to form a preinitiation complex at the promotor that directs the binding of RNA polymerase III.

UI = D019474

 

Transcription, Genetic

MS = The transfer of genetic information from DNA to messenger RNA by DNA-directed RNA polymerase. It includes reverse transcription and transcription of early and late genes expressed early in an organism's life cycle or during later development.

UI = D014158

 

Transcultural Nursing

AN = SPEC: SPEC qualif; on an international or cultural level only; coord IM with nurs specialty (IM) if pertinent + culture or ethnic group (IM) if pertinent; specify geog; DF: TRANSCULTURAL NURS CATALOG: /geog /form

MS = A nursing specialty created to answer the need for developing a global perspective in the practice of nursing in a world of interdependent nations and people. The focus of this nursing discipline is on the integration of international and transcultural content into the training. Courses include study in the area of cultural differences, nursing in other countries, and international health issues and organizations, as an example.

UI = D016746

 

Transcutaneous Electric Nerve Stimulation

AN = "applied through the skin": do not confuse with ELECTRONARCOSIS ("through the brain"); do not use /util except by MeSH definition; DF: note short X ref TENS

MS = Electrical stimulation of nerves and/or muscles to relieve pain; it is used less frequently to produce anesthesia. The optimal placements of electrodes or "trigger points" may correspond with acupuncture analgesia points. TENS is sometimes referred to as acupuncture-like when using a low frequency stimulus.

UI = D004561

 

Transducers

AN = NIM

MS = Any device or element which converts an input signal into an output signal of a different form. Examples include the microphone, phonographic pickup, loudspeaker, barometer, photelectric cell, automobile horn, doorbell, and underwater soundtransducer. (MacGraw Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

UI = D014159

 

Transducers, Pressure

AN = NIM

MS = Transducers that are activated by pressure changes, e.g., blood pressure.

UI = D014160

 

Transducin

AN = /biosyn /drug eff /physiol /rad eff /ultrastruct permitted

MS = A guanine nucleotide regulatory protein that mediates the light activation signal from photolyzed rhodopsin to cyclic GMP phosphodiesterase and is pivotal in the visual excitation process. Activation of rhodopsin on the outer membrane of rod and cone cells causes GTP to bind to transducin followed by dissociation of the alpha subunit-GTP complex from the beta/gamma subunits of transducin. The alpha subunit-GTP complex activates the cyclic GMP phosphodiesterase which catalyzes the hydrolysis of cyclic GMP to 5'-GMP. This leads to closure of the sodium and calcium channels and therefore hyperpolarization of the rod cells.

UI = D015293

 

Transduction, Genetic

AN = restrict to transfer of bact DNA by phage

MS = Transfer of bacterial DNA by phages from the infected bacterium in which the DNA originates to another bacterium.

UI = D014161

 

Transfection

AN = coord with recipient/genet if permitted + specific donor/genet; do not confuse with genetic transvection (index under PHENOTYPE), an epigenetic phenomenon

MS = The incorporation of foreign DNA into cultured, usually eukaryotic, cells by exposing them to naked DNA. It is analogous to bacterial transformation (TRANSFORMATION, BACTERIAL). (From King & Stansfield, Dictionary of Genetics, 5th ed) Transfection of bacteria by bacteriophage DNA is also possible.

UI = D014162

 

Transfer (Psychology)

AN = human & animal; DF: TRANSFER

MS = Change in learning in one situation due to prior learning in another situation. The transfer can be positive (with second learning improved by first) or negative (where the reverse holds).

UI = D014163

 

Transfer Agreement

AN = "transfer of patients & their med records from onehealth care institution to another"

MS = A written agreement for the transfer of patients and their medical records from one health care institution to another.

UI = D014164

 

Transfer Factor

AN = derived from leukocytes; /biosyn /drug eff /physiol /ultrastruct permitted

MS = Factor derived from leukocyte lysates of immune donors which can transfer both local and systemic cellular immunity to nonimmune recipients.

UI = D014165

 

Transferases

MS = Transferases are enzymes transferring a group, for example, the methyl group or a glycosyl group, from one compound (generally regarded as donor) to another compound (generally regarded as acceptor). The classification is based on the scheme "donor:acceptor group transferase". (Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992) EC 2.

UI = D014166

 

Transferases (Other Substituted Phosphate Groups)

AN = DF: TRANSFERASES OSPG

MS = A class of enzymes that transfers substituted phosphate groups. EC 2.7.8.

UI = D017855

 

Transference (Psychology)

AN = human only; no qualif; DF: TRANSFERENCE

MS = The unconscious transfer to others (including psychotherapists) of feelings and attitudes which were originally associated with important figures (parents, siblings, etc.) in one's early life.

UI = D014167

 

Transferrin

AN = a beta-globulin

MS = Serum beta-globulin that binds and transports iron. (From Dorland, 28th ed)

UI = D014168

 

Transformation, Bacterial

AN = coord with specific bact transformed/genet; DF: TRANSFORM BACT

MS = The heritable modification of the properties of a competent bacterium by DNA from another bacterial strain.

UI = D014169

 

Transformation, Genetic

AN = GEN: prefer specifics; DF: TRANSFORM GENET

MS = The unidirectional transfer and incorporation of foreign DNA by prokaryotic or eukaryotic cells and the subsequent recombination of part or all of that DNA into the cell's genome. (Glossary of Genetics: Classical and Molecular, 5th ed)

UI = D014170

 

Transforming Growth Factors

AN = GEN or unspecified; prefer specifics; /drug eff permitted

MS = Hormonally active polypeptides that can induce the transformed phenotype when added to normal, non-transformed cells. They have been found in culture fluids from retrovirally transformed cells and in tumor-derived cells as well as in non-neoplastic sources. Their transforming activities are due to the simultaneous action of two otherwise unrelated factors, TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR ALPHA and TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR BETA.

UI = D015291

 

Transforming Growth Factor alpha

AN = /drug eff permitted; DF: note short X ref

MS = Factor isolated in a variety of tissues including epithelium, and maternal decidua. It is closely related to epidermal growth factor (EPIDERMAL GROWTH FACTOR-UROGASTERONE) and binds to the EGF receptor. TGF-alpha acts synergistically with TGF-beta in inducing phenotypic transformation, but its physiological role is unknown.

UI = D016211

 

Transforming Growth Factor beta

AN = /drug eff permitted; DF: note short X ref

MS = Factor synthesized in a wide variety of tissues including platelets, placenta, and both normal and transformed cell lines. It acts synergistically with TGF-alpha in inducing phenotypic transformation and can also act as a negative autocrine growth factor. TGF-beta also has a potential role in embryonal development, cellular differentiation, hormone secretion, and immune function. There are at least three forms of TGF-beta: TGF-beta1, TGF-beta2, and TGF-beta1.2. The latter is a heterodimer made up of both TGF-beta1 and TGF-beta2.

UI = D016212

 

Transgenes

AN = foreign genes injected into newly fertilized eggs

MS = Foreign genes that are introduced into an organism by injecting the genes into newly fertilized eggs. Some of the animals that develop from the injected eggs (ANIMALS, TRANSGENIC) will carry the foreign genes in their genomes and will transmit them to their progeny. (King & Stansfield, Dictionary of Genetics, 4th ed)

UI = D019076

 

Transients and Migrants

AN = specify geog if possible; DF: TRANSIENTS CATALOG: /geog /form

MS = Mobile, short-term residents who move usually to find work.

UI = D014171

 

Transillumination

AN = do not use /util except by MeSH definition

MS = Passage of light through body tissues or cavities for examination of internal structures.

UI = D014172

 

Transistors

AN = NIM; do not use /util except by MeSH definition

UI = D014173

 

Transketolase

MS = An enzyme of the transferase class that catalyzes the conversion of sedoheptulose 7-phosphate and D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate to D-ribose 5-phosphate and D-xylulose 5-phosphate in the pentosephosphate pathway. (Dorland, 27th ed) EC 2.2.1.1.

UI = D014174

 

Translating

AN = a cataloging term; no qualif

MS = Conversion from one language to another language.

UI = D014175

 

Translation, Genetic

AN = TRANSLATION, GENETIC is in the realm of biochem genetics: do not confuse with TRANSLOCATION (GENETICS), a chromosome aberration

MS = Formation of peptides on ribosomes, directed by messenger RNA.

UI = D014176

 

Translations

AN = a cataloging term; no qualif

MS = Products resulting from the conversion of one language to another.

UI = D014177

 

Translocation (Genetics)

AN = do not confuse with TRANSLATION, GENETIC (RNA-directed formation of peptides); DF: TRANSLOCATION

MS = A type of aberration characterized by fragmentation of a chromosome and transfer of the broken-off portion to another chromosome, often of a different pair.

UI = D014178

 

Transplantation

AN = the surg procedure: do not confuse with TRANSPLANTS, the organ, tissue or cell transplanted; GEN & unspecified only: prefer /transpl with Category A terms: Manual 19.7+, 19.8.75; available also are several types of technical transpl terms (e.g., TRANSPLANTATION, HETEROLOGOUS) & many organ/transpl & tissue/transpl precoords; Manual 26.20+; TN 243; ORGAN TRANSPLANTATION & TISSUE TRANSPLANTATION & indentions are also available; rejection of transplants is GRAFT REJECTION; DF: TRANSPL

MS = Transference of a tissue or organ, alive or dead, within an individual, between individuals of the same species, or between individuals of different species.

UI = D014180

 

Transplantation Chimera

AN = DF: TRANSPL CHIMERA

MS = An organism that, as a result of transplantation of donor genetic material, consists of two or more cell lines descended from at least two zygotes. This state results in the induction of donor-specific transplantation tolerance.

UI = D018183

 

Transplantation Conditioning

AN = coord IM with organ /transpl (IM) or precoord organ/transpl term (IM) (e.g., bone marrow transpl conditioning: coord IM with BONE MARROW TRANSPLANTATION (IM); hematopoietic stem cell transpl conditioning: coord IM with HEMATOPOETIC STEM CELL TRANSPLANTATION (IM) ); myeloablative therapy or conditioning goes here; DF: TRANSPL CONDITIONING

MS = Preparative treatment of transplant recipient with various conditioning regimens including radiation, immune sera, chemotherapy, and/or immunosuppressive agents, prior to transplantation. Transplantation conditioning is very common before bone marrow transplantation.

UI = D019172

 

Transplantation, Heterotopic

AN = IM: TN 243; coord IM with organ /transpl (IM) or precoord organ/transpl term (IM) + implant site with no qualif (NIM); no qualif when NIM coord; when IM, qualif permitted; do not confuse with TRANSPLANTATION, HETEROLOGOUS: heterotopic is for a graft of tissue typical of one site, removed to a different site, autol, homol or heterol; DF: TRANSPL HETEROTOPIC

MS = Transplantation of tissue typical of one area to a different recipient site. The tissue may be autologous, heterologous, or homologous.

UI = D016042

 

Transplantation Immunology

AN = IM; DF: TRANSPL IMMUNOL

MS = A general term for the complex phenomena involved in allo- and xenograft rejection by a host and graft vs host reaction. Although the reactions involved in transplantation immunology are primarily thymus-dependent phenomena of cellular immunity, humoral factors also play a part in late rejection.

UI = D014181

 

Transplantation, Autologous

AN = transpl in or on same body; NIM if at all: TN 243; no qualif when NIM coord; when IM, qualif permitted; Manual 19.8.75; for skin or musc flaps in plastic surg index under SKIN TRANSPLANTATION or SURGICAL FLAPS & not also here; DF: TRANSPL AUTOL

MS = Transplantation from another site in or on the body of the individual receiving it.

UI = D014182

 

Transplantation, Heterologous

AN = transpl between different species; IM: TN 243; no qualif when NIM coord; when IM, qualif permitted; do not coord here with BIOPROSTHESIS or BIOLOGICAL DRESSINGS: see notes there; do not confuse X ref HETEROGRAFT with "heterotopic transpl": heterograft = transpl from one species to another, heterotopic = transpl from one site to another; TRANSPLANTATION, HETEROTOPIC is also available; Manual 19.8.75; DF: TRANSPL HETEROL

MS = Transplantation between animals of different species.

UI = D014183

 

Transplantation, Homologous

AN = NIM if at all: TN 243; no qualif when NIM coord; when IM, qualif permitted; Manual 19.8.75; DF: TRANSPL HOMOL

MS = Transplantation between individuals of the same species. Usually refers to genetically disparate individuals in contradistinction to isogeneic transplantation for genetically identical individuals.

UI = D014184

 

Transplantation, Isogeneic

AN = NIM: TN 243; no qualif when NIM coord; when IM, qualif permitted; Manual 19.8.75; DF: TRANSPL ISOGEN

MS = Transplantation between genetically identical individuals, i.e., members of the same species with identical histocompatibility antigens, such as monozygotic twins, members of the same inbred strain, or members of a hybrid population produced by crossing certain inbred strains.

UI = D014185

 

Transplants

AN = the transplant itself: do not confuse with TRANSPLANTATION, the surg procedure (see note there); coord IM with organ /transpl (IM) or precoord organ/transpl term (IM)

MS = Organs, tissues, or cells taken from the body for grafting into another area of the same body or into another individual. (From Dorland, 28th ed)

UI = D019737

 

Transportation

AN = specify industry or geog if pertinent CATALOG: /geog /form

MS = The means of moving persons, animals, goods, or materials from one place to another.

UI = D014186

 

Transportation of Patients

AN = includes transport inside (e.g., bed to bed) & outside the hosp or elsewhere but do not confuse with PATIENT TRANSFER (interfacility or intrahospital transfer for admin reasons with regard to special care or economics)

MS = Conveying ill or injured individuals from one place to another.

UI = D014187

 

Transposase

MS = An enzyme that binds to single-stranded DNA. It is thought to recognize the repetitive ends of a transposon and to participate in the cleavage of the recipient site into which the new transposon copy inserts. EC 2.7.7.-.

UI = D019895

 

Transposition of Great Vessels

AN = do not use /congen & do not coord with INFANT, NEWBORN, DISEASES CATALOG: do not use /in inf

MS = A congenital cardiovascular malformation in which the aorta arises entirely from the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery from the left ventricle, so that the venous return from the peripheral circulation is recirculated by the right ventricle via the aorta to the systemic circulation without being oxygenated in the lungs.

UI = D014188

 

Transsexualism

AN = for check tag use genetic sex

MS = Severe gender dysphoria, coupled with a persistent desire for the physical characteristics and social roles that connote the opposite biological sex. (APA, DSM-IV, 1994)

UI = D014189

 

Trans-Splicing

AN = note category: a physiol process taking place within the cell nucleus; do not confuse with DNA, RECOMBINANT, CLONING, MOLECULAR or GENETIC ENGINEERING

MS = The joining of RNA from two different genes. One type of trans-splicing is the "spliced leader" type (primarily found in protozoans such as trypanosomes and in lower invertebrates such as nematodes) which results in the addition of a capped, noncoding, spliced leader sequence to the 5' end of mRNAs. Another type of trans-splicing is the "discontinuous group II introns" type (found in plant/algal chloroplasts and plant mitochondria) which results in the joining of two independently transcribed coding sequences. Both are mechanistically similar to conventional nuclear pre-mRNA cis-splicing. Mammalian cells are also capable of trans-splicing.

UI = D020040

 

Transvestism

MS = Disorder characterized by recurrent, intense sexually arousing fantasies, sexual urges, or behaviors involving cross-dressing in a heterosexual male. The fantasies, urges, or behaviors cause clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational or other areas of functioning. (from APA, DSM-IV, 1994)

UI = D014190

 

Tranylcypromine

AN = an MAO inhib & antidepressant/anti-anxiety agent

MS = A propylamine formed from the cyclization of the side chain of amphetamine. This monoamine oxidase inhibitor is effective in the treatment of major depression, dysthymic disorder, and atypical depression. It also is useful in panic and phobic disorders. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p311)

UI = D014191

 

Trapidil

AN = a vasodilator

MS = N,N-Diethyl-5-methyl-1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-7-amine. A coronary vasodilator agent.

UI = D014192

 

Trauma Centers

MS = Specialized hospital facilities which provide diagnostic and therapeutic services for trauma patients.

UI = D014193

 

Trauma Severity Indices

AN = no qualif; do not confuse with TRIAGE, emerg selection of patients by priority of need; SEVERITY OF ILLNESS INDEX is also available

MS = Systems for assessing, classifying, and coding injuries. These systems are used in medical records, surveillance systems, and state and national registries to aid in the collection and reporting of trauma.

UI = D015599

 

Traumatology

AN = SPEC: SPEC qualif; DF: TRAUMATOL

MS = The branch of surgery which deals with wounds and disability from injuries.

UI = D014194

 

Travel

AN = med, physiol, social, psychol aspects of travel & tourism; for articles on "the hazards of travel" or "the spread of disease by travel"; note X ref EMPORIATRICS for the field of travel medicine or medicine for travelers but do not coord with MEDICINE; not for study tours to various countries: index object of study + geog, as HOSPITALS + GHANA, PEDIATRICS + CHINA; consider also MEDICAL MISSIONS, OFFICIAL or MISSIONS AND MISSIONARIES; jet lag: coord IM with CIRCADIAN RHYTHM (IM); traveler's diarrhea: coord IM with DIARRHEA (IM)

MS = Aspects of health and disease related to travel. It includes the physiologic and psychologic beneficial or adverse effects of travel in general or with regard to specific diseases. It includes also emporiatrics, the specialty devoted to the medical aspects of travel. It excludes study tours.

UI = D014195

 

Trazodone

MS = A serotonin uptake inhibitor that is used as an antidepressive agent. It has been shown to be effective in patients with major depressive disorders and other subsets of depressive disorders. It is generally more useful in depressive disorders associated with insomnia and anxiety. This drug does not aggravate psychotic symptoms in patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorders. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p309)

UI = D014196

 

Treatment Failure

AN = IM: GEN only; coord NIM with dis /ther (IM), as "analysis of treatment failure in AIDS" or with specific ther or intervention (IM)

MS = A measure of the quality of health care by assessment of unsuccessful results of management and procedures used in combating disease, in individual cases or series.

UI = D017211

 

Treatment Outcome

AN = IM: GEN only; coord NIM with dis /ther (IM), as "analysis of treatment outcome in Alzheimer dis at onset"

MS = Evaluation undertaken to assess the results or consequences of management and procedures used in combating disease in order to determine the efficacy, effectiveness, safety, practicability, etc., of these interventions in individual cases or series.

UI = D016896

 

Treatment Refusal

AN = do not confuse with PHYSICIAN REFUSAL TO TREAT see REFUSAL TO TREAT

MS = Refusal of a person to accept medical or psychiatric treatment or his unwillingness to comply with the physician's instructions or prescribed regimens. In the case of a legally incompetent person the concept may include a third party authorized to make decisions on his behalf.

UI = D016312

 

Trees

AN = IM; use qualif discreetly: few apply; includes foliage, needles, acorns, cones, buds, flowers, but remember FRUIT, POLLEN, RESINS, SEEDS, WOOD are available (coord these IM with TREES (NIM) when a specific genus of tree is discussed); do not confuse X ref FORESTS with FORESTRY, the specialty; coord IM with GEOGRAPHY (IM) or ECOLOGY (IM) or other aspect if pertinent

MS = Woody, usually tall, perennial higher plants (Angiosperms, Gymnosperms, and some Pterophyta) having usually a main stem and numerous branches.

UI = D014197

 

Trehalase

AN = do not confuse with TREHALOSE

MS = An enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of alpha,alpha-trehalose and water to D-glucose. EC 3.2.1.28.

UI = D014198

 

Trehalose

AN = a disaccharide; called ergot sugar & mycose; do not confuse with TREHALASE

UI = D014199

 

Trematoda

AN = GEN or unspecified; prefer specifics; infection = TREMATODE INFECTIONS; /drug eff: consider also ANTIPLATYHELMINTIC AGENTS; for antigens, coord with ANTIGENS, HELMINTH, for antibodies, coord with ANTIBODIES, HELMINTH

MS = Class of parasitic flukes consisting of three subclasses, Monogenea, Aspidogastrea, and Digenea. The digenetic trematodes are the only ones found in man. They are endoparasites and require two hosts to complete their life cycle.

UI = D014200

 

Trematode Infections

AN = GEN: prefer specific trematode infections in MeSH or coord of specific trematode in MeSH with infection term as directed under name of trematode

MS = Infections caused by infestation with worms of the class Trematoda.

UI = D014201

 

Tremor

AN = involuntary trembling

MS = An involuntary trembling or quivering.

UI = D014202

 

Tremorine

UI = D014203

 

Trenbolone

AN = an anabolic steroid

MS = 17-beta-Hydroxyestra-4,9,11-trien-3-one. An anabolic steroid used mainly as a growth substance in animals.

UI = D014204

 

Trench Fever

AN = caused by Bartonella quintana; do not confuse with TRENCH FOOT

MS = An intermittent fever characterized by intervals of chills, fever, and splenomegaly each of which may last as long as 40 hours. It is caused by BARTONELLA QUINTANA and transmitted by the human louse.

UI = D014205

 

Trephining

AN = in brain surg; restrict to skull: do not use for other tissues; do not use /util except by MeSH definition

MS = The removal of a circular disk of the cranium. It is performed with a trephine, a small circular saw with a center pin mounted on a hollow metal shaft to which is attached a transverse handle. (Random House Unabridged Dictionary, 2d ed)

UI = D014207

 

Treponema

AN = infection = TREPONEMAL INFECTIONS or its specifics; Treponema hyodysenteriae = SERPULINA HYODYSENTERIAE, Treponema innocens = SERPULINA

MS = A genus of microorganisms of the order SPIROCHAETALES, many of which are pathogenic and parasitic for man.

UI = D014208

 

Treponema Immobilization Test

AN = also called Treponema Pallidum Immobilization & TPI

MS = Syphilis serodiagnosis employing as the antigen Treponema pallidum obtained from rabbit syphilis orchitis. Treponemes are kept alive for a few hours in a special medium. When syphilitic serum and complement are added and incubated, the treponemes are immobilized, i.e., stop moving.

UI = D014209

 

Treponema pallidum

AN = infection = SYPHILIS or YAWS

MS = The causative agent of venereal and non-venereal syphilis as well as yaws.

UI = D014210

 

Treponemal Infections

AN = gram-neg bact infect; Treponema pallidum infection = SYPHILIS or YAWS

MS = Infections with bacteria of the genus TREPONEMA.

UI = D014211

 

Tretinoin

AN = a keratolytic agent & antineoplastic

MS = An important regulator of gene expression, particularly during growth and development and in neoplasms. Retinoic acid derived from maternal vitamin A is essential for normal gene expression during embryonic development and either a deficiency or an excess can be teratogenic. It is also a topical dermatologic agent which is used in the treatment of psoriasis, acne vulgaris, and several other skin diseases. It has also been approved for use in promyelocytic leukemia.

UI = D014212

 

Tretoquinol

AN = a bronchodilator

MS = An adrenergic beta-agonist used as a bronchodilator agent in asthma therapy.

UI = D014213

 

Triallate

AN = an herbicide

MS = Bis(1-methylethyl)carbamothioic acid S-(2,3,3-trichloro-2-propenyl) ester. A pre-emergence, selective herbicide for the control of wild oats in various crops.

UI = D014214

 

Triacetin

AN = an anti-infective

MS = A triglyceride that is used as an antifungal agent.

UI = D014215

 

Triacetoneamine-N-Oxyl

MS = 2,2,6,6-Tetramethyl-4-piperidone-N-oxyl. Cyclic N-oxide radical functioning as a spin label and radiation-sensitizing agent.

UI = D014216

 

Triage

MS = The sorting out and classification of patients or casualties to determine priority of need and proper place of treatment.

UI = D014218

 

Trial of Labor

AN = no qualif

MS = Allowing a woman to be in labor long enough to determine if vaginal birth may be anticipated.

UI = D014219

 

Trialkyltin Compounds

AN = DF: TRIALKYLTIN CPDS

MS = Organometallic compounds which contain tin and three alkyl groups.

UI = D014220

 

Triamcinolone

AN = a steroidal anti-inflamm agent

MS = A glucocorticoid given, as the free alcohol or in esterified form, orally, intramuscularly, by local injection, by inhalation, or applied topically in the management of various disorders in which corticosteroids are indicated. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p739)

UI = D014221

 

Triamcinolone Acetonide

AN = a steroidal anti-inflamm & dermatol agent

MS = An esterified form of TRIAMCINOLONE. It is an anti-inflammatory glucocorticoid used topically in the treatment of various skin disorders. Intralesional, intramuscular, and intra-articular injections are also administered under certain conditions.

UI = D014222

 

Triamterene

AN = a diuretic

MS = A pteridine that is used as a mild diuretic.

UI = D014223

 

Triatoma

AN = vector of Trypanosoma cruzi; do not use /drug eff for insecticides: TN 111

MS = A genus of the subfamily TRIATOMINAE. Several species are vectors of TRYPANOSOMA CRUZI.

UI = D014224

 

Triatominae

AN = vectors of Trypanosoma cruzi; do not use /drug eff for insecticides: TN 111

MS = A subfamily of assassin bugs (REDUVIIDAE) that are obligate blood-suckers of vertebrates. Included are the genera TRIATOMA, RHODNIUS, and PANSTRONGYLUS, which are vectors of TRYPANOSOMA CRUZI, the agent of CHAGAS DISEASE in humans.

UI = D014225

 

Triazenes

AN = do not confuse with TRIAZINES

UI = D014226

 

Triazines

AN = do not confuse with TRIAZENES

UI = D014227

 

Triaziquone

AN = an alkylating antineoplastic

MS = 2,3,5-tris(1-Aziridinyl)-2,5-cyclohexadiene-1,4-dione. Alkylating antineoplastic agent used mainly for ovarian tumors. It is toxic to skin, gastrointestinal tract, bone marrow and kidneys.

UI = D014228

 

Triazolam

AN = a sedative

MS = A short-acting benzodiazepine used in the treatment of insomnia. Some countries temporarily withdrew triazolam from the market because of concerns about adverse reactions, mostly psychological, associated with higher dose ranges. Its use at lower doses with appropriate care and labeling has been reaffirmed by the FDA and most other countries.

UI = D014229

 

Triazoles

AN = includes triazolines, triazolidines

UI = D014230

 

Tribolium

AN = "confused flour beetle"; /microbiol /parasitol /virol permitted; do not use /drug eff for insecticides: TN 111

MS = A genus of small beetles of the family Tenebrionidae; T. confusum is the "confused flour beetle".

UI = D014231

 

Tricarboxylic Acids

AN = /metab is probably TRICARBOXYLIC ACID CYCLE

MS = Organic compounds that are acyclic and contain three acid groups. A member of this class is citric acid which is the first product formed by reaction of pyruvate and oxaloacetate. (From Lehninger, Principles of Biochemistry, 1982, p443)

UI = D014233

 

Trichechus

MS = A genus of the order Sirenia comprising what are commonly called manatees. The distinguishing characteristics include a tail that is not notched, a short nasal cavity, the absence of nasal bones, and enamel-covered teeth. Members of this genus are found in marine bays and/or sluggish rivers, usually in turbid water. (From Scott, Concise Encyclopedia Biology, 1996)

UI = D020455

 

Trichechus inunguis

MS = Member of the genus Trichechus found in the Amazon and Orinoco drainages of northeastern South America. (From Scott, Concise Encyclopedia Biology, 1996)

UI = D020456

 

Trichechus manatus

MS = Member of the genus Trichechus inhabiting the coast and coastal rivers of the southeastern United States as well as the West Indies and the adjacent mainland from Vera Cruz, Mexico to northern South America. (From Scott, Concise Encyclopedia Biology, 1996)

UI = D020457

 

Trichinella

AN = a genus of nematodes; infection = TRICHINOSIS; for antigens, coord with ANTIGENS, HELMINTH, for antibodies, coord with ANTIBODIES, HELMINTH

MS = A genus of parasitic nematodes that causes TRICHINOSIS in man and carnivores.

UI = D014234

 

Trichinella spiralis

AN = a species of nematode common in rats & swine; infection: coord IM with TRICHINOSIS (IM); for antigens, coord with ANTIGENS, HELMINTH, for antibodies, coord with ANTIBODIES, HELMINTH

MS = A parasite of carnivorous mammals that causes TRICHINOSIS. It is especially common in rats and in swine fed uncooked garbage. Human infection is initiated by the consumption of raw or insufficiently cooked pork or other meat containing the encysted larvae.

UI = D017160

 

Trichinosis

AN = nematode infect caused by Trichina or Trichinella: do not confuse with TRICHURIASIS, caused by Trichuris

MS = A disease due to infection with TRICHINELLA SPIRALIS. It is caused by eating undercooked meat, usually pork.

UI = D014235

 

Trichlorfon

AN = TN 111 for eff on insects

MS = A organochlorophosphate cholinesterase inhibitor that is used as an insecticide for the control of flies and roaches. It is also used in anthelmintic compositions for animals. (From Merck, 11th ed)

UI = D014236

 

Trichlormethiazide

AN = a diuretic

MS = A thiazide diuretic with properties similar to those of HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p830)

UI = D014237

 

Trichloroacetic Acid

MS = A strong acid used as a protein precipitant in clinical chemistry and also as a caustic for removing warts.

UI = D014238

 

Trichloroepoxypropane

AN = an enzyme inhib

MS = 1,1,1-Trichloro-2,3-epoxypropane. A potent epoxide hydrase and aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase inhibitor. It enhances the tumor-initiating ability of certain carcinogens.

UI = D014239

 

Trichloroethanes

MS = Chlorinated ethanes which are used extensively as industrial solvents. They have been utilized in numerous home-use products including spot remover preparations and inhalant decongestant sprays. These compounds cause central nervous system and cardiovascular depression and are hepatotoxic. Include 1,1,1- and 1,1,2-isomers.

UI = D014240

 

Trichloroethylene

AN = an inhalation anesthetic

MS = A highly volatile inhalation anesthetic used mainly in short surgical procedures where light anesthesia with good analgesia is required. It is also used as an industrial solvent. Prolonged exposure to high concentrations of the vapor can lead to cardiotoxicity and neurological impairment.

UI = D014241

 

2,4,5-Trichlorophenoxyacetic Acid

AN = an herbicide

MS = (2,4,5-Trichlorophenoxy)acetic acid. An herbicide with strong irritant properties. Use of this compound on rice fields, orchards, sugarcane, rangeland, and other noncrop sites was terminated by the EPA in 1985. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)

UI = D015085

 

Trichoderma

MS = A mitosporic fungal genus frequently found in soil and on wood. It is sometimes used for controlling pathogenic fungi. Its teleomorph is Hypocrea.

UI = D014242

 

Trichodermin

AN = a proposed antifungal & antineoplastic

MS = 12,13-Epoxytrichothec-9-en-4-ol acetate. Antifungal metabolite from several fungi, mainly Trichoderma viride; inhibits protein synthesis by binding to ribosomes; proposed as antifungal and antineoplastic; used as tool in cellular biochemistry. Synonym: WG 696.

UI = D014243

 

Trichomonadida

AN = an order of protozoa

MS = An order of parasitic protozoa typically having four to six flagella. True cysts are known in very few species.

UI = D016834

 

Trichomonas

AN = infection = TRICHOMONAS INFECTIONS; trichomonicides = ANTITRICHOMONAL AGENTS; for antigens, coord with ANTIGENS, PROTOZOAN, for antibodies, coord with ANTIBODIES, PROTOZOAN

MS = A genus of parasitic flagellate protozoans distinguished by the presence of four anterior flagella, an undulating membrane, and a trailing flagellum.

UI = D014244

 

Trichomonas Infections

AN = protozoan infect; /drug ther: consider also ANTITRICHOMONAL AGENTS

MS = Infections in birds and mammals produced by various species of Trichomonas.

UI = D014245

 

Trichomonas vaginalis

AN = an organism: do not confuse with the disease TRICHOMONAS VAGINITIS; infection = probably TRICHOMONAS VAGINITIS but if not, coord IM with TRICHOMONAS INFECTIONS (IM) + precoord organ/dis term (IM); for antigens, coord with ANTIGENS, PROTOZOAN, for antibodies, coord with ANTIBODIES, PROTOZOAN

MS = A species of TRICHOMONAS that produces a refractory vaginal discharge in females, as well as bladder and urethral infections in males.

UI = D014246

 

Trichomonas Vaginitis

AN = do not confuse with the organism TRICHOMONAS VAGINALIS

MS = Inflammation of the vagina, marked by a purulent discharge. This disease is caused by the protozoan TRICHOMONAS VAGINALIS.

UI = D014247

 

Trichophytin

AN = do not confuse with TRICHOPHYTON, an organism

MS = Antigens from the genus TRICHOPHYTON. Trichophytin has been used in studies of immunological responses to these dermatophytes.

UI = D014248

 

Trichophyton

AN = do not confuse with TRICHOPHYTIN, a fungal antigen; infection = TRICHOPHYTOSIS see TINEA

MS = A mitosporic fungal genus and an anamorphic form of Arthroderma. Various species attack the skin, nails, and hair.

UI = D014249

 

Trichosanthin

AN = an abortifacient; from the Chinese medicinal herb tian-hua-fen; /drug eff /ultrastruct permitted

MS = Plant-derived ribosome-inactivating protein purified from the Chinese medicinal herb tian-hua-fen which is obtained from the root tubers of Trichosanthes kirilowii. It has been used as an abortifacient and in the treatment of trophoblastic tumors. GLQ223 (Compound Q), a highly purified form of trichosanthin, has been proposed as antiviral treatment for AIDS.

UI = D015978

 

Trichosporon

AN = infection: coord IM with MYCOSES (IM) or specific mycosis (IM)

MS = A mitosporic fungal genus causing opportunistic infections, endocarditis, fungemia, and white PIEDRA (T. beigelii).

UI = D014250

 

Trichostomatida

AN = an order of ciliate protozoa

MS = An order of ciliate protozoa in which the cytostome is usually situated at the base of an oral groove, the wall of which bears dense cilia.

UI = D016800

 

Trichostomatina

AN = a suborder of ciliate protozoa

MS = A suborder of ciliate protozoa characterized by non-reduction of the somatic ciliature.

UI = D016801

 

Trichostrongyloidea

AN = a superfamily of nematodes; infection = TRICHOSTRONGYLOIDIASIS

MS = A superfamily of nematodes. Most are intestinal parasites of ruminants and accidentally in humans. This superfamily includes seven genera: DICTYOCAULUS, HAEMONCHUS, Cooperia, OSTERTAGIA, Nematodirus, TRICHOSTRONGYLUS, and Hyostrongylus.

UI = D014251

 

Trichostrongyloidiasis

AN = roundworm infect; caused by various genera of the superfamily TRICHOSTRONGYLOIDEA: do not confuse with TRICHOSTRONGYLOSIS, caused by the genus TRICHOSTRONGYLUS

MS = Infection by roundworms of the superfamily TRICHOSTRONGYLOIDEA, including the genera TRICHOSTRONGYLUS, OSTERTAGIA, Cooperia, HAEMONCHUS, Nematodirus, Hyostrongylus, and DICTYOCAULUS.

UI = D014252

 

Trichostrongylosis

AN = nematode infect caused by TRICHOSTRONGYLUS, a genus: do not confuse with TRICHOSTRONGYLOIDIASIS, caused by genera of the superfamily TRICHOSTRONGYLOIDEA

MS = Infestation with nematode worms of the genus TRICHOSTRONGYLUS. Man and animals become infected by swallowing larvae, usually with contaminated food or drink, although the larvae may penetrate human skin.

UI = D014253

 

Trichostrongylus

AN = a genus of nematodes; infection = TRICHOSTRONGYLOSIS; for antigens, coord with ANTIGENS, HELMINTH, for antibodies, coord with ANTIBODIES, HELMINTH

MS = A genus of nematodes parasitic in the digestive tract of herbivorous animals. They occur only as incidental infections in humans. The following species have been reported in man: TRICHOSTRONGYLUS COLUBRIFORMIS, T. orientalia, T. axei, and T. probolurus.

UI = D014254

 

Trichothecenes

AN = mycotoxins

MS = Usually 12,13-epoxytrichothecenes, produced by Fusaria, Stachybotrys, Trichoderma and other fungi, and some higher plants. They may contaminate food or feed grains, induce emesis and hemorrhage in lungs and brain, and damage bone marrow due to protein and DNA synthesis inhibition.

UI = D014255

 

Trichotillomania

MS = Compulsion to pull out one's hair.

UI = D014256

 

Trichuriasis

AN = nematode infect caused by Trichuris: do not confuse with TRICHINOSIS, caused by Trichina or Trichinella

MS = Infection with nematodes of the genus TRICHURIS, formerly called Trichocephalus.

UI = D014257

 

Trichuris

AN = a genus of nematodes called whipworms; infection = TRICHURIASIS; for antigens, coord with ANTIGENS, HELMINTH, for antibodies, coord with ANTIBODIES, HELMINTH

MS = A genus of nematode worms comprising the whipworms.

UI = D014258

 

Trichuroidea

AN = a superfamily of nematodes; infection: coord IM with ENOPLIDA INFECTIONS (IM); for antigens, coord with ANTIGENS, HELMINTH, for antibodies, coord with ANTIBODIES, HELMINTH

MS = A superfamily of nematodes of the order ENOPLIDA. Its organisms have a well developed intestine and rectum.

UI = D014259

 

Triclosan

AN = an anti-infective

MS = 5-Chloro-2-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)phenol. A diphenyl ether derivative used in cosmetics and toilet soaps as an antiseptic. It has some bacteriostatic and fungistatic action.

UI = D014260

 

Tricuspid Atresia

AN = do not use /congen & do not coord with INFANT, NEWBORN, DISEASES CATALOG: do not use /in inf

MS = Absence of the orifice between the right atrium and ventricle, with the presence of an atrial defect through which all the systemic venous return reaches the left heart. As a result, there is left ventricular hypertrophy (HYPERTROPHY, LEFT VENTRICULAR) because the right ventricle is absent or not functional.

UI = D018785

 

Tricuspid Valve

AN = dis: coord IM with HEART VALVE DISEASES (IM) but note specific tricuspid valve dis; /abnorm = probably TRICUSPID ATRESIA

MS = The valve consisting of three cusps situated between the right atrium and right ventricle of the heart.

UI = D014261

 

Tricuspid Valve Insufficiency

AN = imperfect closing of valve

MS = Backflow of blood from the right ventricle into the right atrium, owing to imperfect functioning of the tricuspid valve.

UI = D014262

 

Tricuspid Valve Prolapse

MS = Abnormal protrusion of one or more of the leaflets of the tricuspid valve into the right atrium during systole.

UI = D014263

 

Tricuspid Valve Stenosis

AN = /congen permitted

MS = The pathologic narrowing of the orifice of the tricuspid valve. (Stedman, 25th ed)

UI = D014264

 

Triethylenemelamine

AN = an alkylating antineoplastic

MS = 2,4,6-tris(1-Aziridinyl)5-triazine. Toxic alkylating agent used in industry; also as antineoplastic and research tool to produce chromosome aberrations and cancers.

UI = D014265

 

Triethylenetetramine

AN = a chelating agent

MS = N,N'-Bis(2-aminoethyl)-1,2-ethanediamine. Used as stabilizer for epoxy resins, as ampholyte for isoelectric focusing and as chelating agent for copper in hepatolenticular degeneration; may cause liver damage.

UI = D014266

 

Triethyltin Compounds

AN = DF: TRIETHYLTIN CPDS

MS = Organic compounds composed of tin and three ethyl groups. Affect mitochondrial metabolism and inhibit oxidative phosphorylation by acting directly on the energy conserving processes.

UI = D014267

 

Trifluoperazine

AN = a tranquilizer

MS = A phenothiazine with actions similar to CHLORPROMAZINE. It is used as an antipsychotic and an antiemetic.

UI = D014268

 

Trifluoroacetic Acid

MS = A very strong halogenated derivative of acetic acid. It is used in acid catalyzed reactions, especially those where an ester is cleaved in peptide synthesis.

UI = D014269

 

Trifluoroethanol

MS = 2,2,2-Trifluroethanol.

UI = D014270

 

Trifluridine

AN = an antiviral & antimetabolite

MS = alpha,alpha,alpha-Trifluorothymidine. An antiviral derivative of THYMIDINE used mainly in the treatment of primary keratoconjunctivitis and recurrent epithelial keratitis due to herpes simplex virus. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p557)

UI = D014271

 

Trifluperidol

AN = an antipsychotic agent

MS = A butyrophenone with general properties similar to those of HALOPERIDOL. It is used in the treatment of psychoses including mania and schizophrenia. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p621)

UI = D014272

 

Triflupromazine

AN = an antipsychotic agent & antiemetic

MS = A phenothiazine used as an antipsychotic agent and as an antiemetic.

UI = D014273

 

Trifluralin

AN = an herbicide

MS = A microtubule-disrupting pre-emergence herbicide.

UI = D014274

 

Trigeminal Caudal Nucleus

AN = do not confuse with CAUDATE NUCLEUS (corpus striatum)

MS = The caudal portion of the nucleus of the spinal trigeminal tract (TRIGEMINAL NUCLEUS, SPINAL), a nucleus involved with pain and temperature sensation.

UI = D014275

 

Trigeminal Ganglion

AN = neopl: coord IM with CRANIAL NERVE NEOPLASMS (IM) + histol type of neopl (IM)

MS = The semilunar-shaped ganglion containing the cells of origin of most of the sensory fibers of the trigeminal nerve. It is situated within the dural cleft on the cerebral surface of the petrous portion of the temporal bone and gives off the ophthalmic, maxillary, and part of the mandibular nerves.

UI = D012668

 

Trigeminal Nerve

AN = 5th cranial nerve dis: coord IM with CRANIAL NERVE DISEASES (IM); neopl: coord IM with CRANIAL NERVE NEOPLASMS (IM) + histol type of neopl (IM); TRIGEMINAL GANGLION is available

MS = The 5th and largest cranial nerve. The trigeminal nerve is a mixed motor and sensory nerve. The larger sensory part forms the ophthalmic, mandibular, and maxillary nerves which carry afferents sensitive to external or internal stimuli from the skin, muscles, and joints of the face and mouth and from the teeth. Most of these fibers originate from cells of the trigeminal ganglion and project to the trigeminal nucleus of the brain stem. The smaller motor part arises from the brain stem trigeminal motor nucleus and innervates the muscles of mastication.

UI = D014276

 

Trigeminal Neuralgia

AN = excruciating facial pain: trigeminal refers to trigeminal nerve

MS = Excruciating episodic pain in the area supplied by the trigeminal nerve, often precipitated by stimulation of well-defined trigger points. (Dorland, 27th ed)

UI = D014277

 

Trigeminal Nuclei

MS = Nuclei of the trigeminal nerve situated in the brain stem. They include the nucleus of the spinal trigeminal tract (TRIGEMINAL NUCLEUS, SPINAL), the principal sensory nucleus, the mesencephalic nucleus, and the motor nucleus.

UI = D014278

 

Trigeminal Nucleus, Spinal

MS = Nucleus of the spinal tract of the trigeminal nerve. It is divided cytoarchitectonically into three parts: oralis, caudalis (TRIGEMINAL CAUDAL NUCLEUS), and interpolaris.

UI = D014279

 

Triglycerides

AN = /blood: consider also HYPERTRIGLYCERIDEMIA & the hypertriglyceridemias in HYPERLIPOPROTEINEMIA TYPE I, HYPERLIPOPROTEINEMIA TYPE IV & HYPERLIPOPROTEINEMIA TYPE V

UI = D014280

 

Trihexosylceramides

AN = /biosyn /physiol permitted

MS = Glycosphingolipids which contain as their polar head group a trisaccharide (galactose-galactose-glucose) moiety bound in glycosidic linkage to the hydroxyl group of ceramide. Their accumulation in tissue, due to a defect in ceramide trihexosidase, is the cause of angiokeratoma corporis diffusum (FABRY DISEASE).

UI = D014281

 

Trihexyphenidyl

AN = an antiparkinson agent; DF: note short X ref

MS = A centrally acting muscarinic antagonist used in the treatment of parkinsonism and drug-induced extrapyramidal movement disorders and as an antispasmodic.

UI = D014282

 

Triiodobenzoic Acids

MS = Triiodo-substituted derivatives of BENZOIC ACID.

UI = D014283

 

Triiodothyronine

AN = = T3; /physiol permitted

MS = A thyroid hormone normally synthesized in smaller quantities than thyroxine. It is present in blood and in the thyroid gland and exerts the same biological effects as thyroxine but, on a molecular basis, is more potent and the onset of its effect is more rapid. (Stedman, 25th ed)

UI = D014284

 

Triiodothyronine, Reverse

AN = /physiol permitted; DF: REVERSE T3

MS = 0-(4-Hydroxy-3,5-diiodophenyl)-3-iodo-L-tyrosine. A metabolite of thyroxine formed by the peripheral degradation of thyroxine as a result of the tyrosyl or inner ring 5-deiodination. In systemic disease states or in neonates, levels of triiodothyronine are low and those of reverse triiodothyronine are elevated. Reverse T3 is therefore useful as a diagnostic aid and in the treatment of fetal and infantile hypothyroidism.

UI = D014285

 

Trilogy of Fallot

AN = pulm stenosis with atrial septal defect & right ventric hypertrophy; do not use /congen & do not coord with INFANT, NEWBORN, DISEASES; do not confuse with TETRALOGY OF FALLOT CATALOG: do not use /in inf

MS = Combination of pulmonary valve stenosis and atrial septal defect with right ventricular hypertrophy.

UI = D014286

 

Trimebutine

MS = Proposed spasmolytic with possible local anesthetic action used in gastrointestinal disorders.

UI = D014287

 

Trimecaine

AN = a local anesthetic

MS = Acetanilide derivative used as a local anesthetic.

UI = D014288

 

Trimedoxime

AN = a cholinesterase reactivator

MS = 1,1'-Trimethylenebis(4-formylpyridiniumdioxime)dibromide. Cholinesterase reactivator used as an antidote in alkyl phosphate poisoning.

UI = D014289

 

Trimeprazine

MS = A phenothiazine derivative that is used as an antipruritic.

UI = D014291

 

Trimeresurus

AN = a genus of vipers; its venom: coord IM with CROTALID VENOMS (IM)

MS = A genus of snakes of the family VIPERIDAE. About 30 species are currently recognized, found in southeast Asia and adjacent island chains. The Okinawa habu frequently enters dwellings in search of rats and mice; the Chinese habu is often found in suburban and agricultural areas. They are quite irritable. (Moore: Poisonous Snakes of the World, 1980, p136)

UI = D017841

 

Trimetazidine

AN = a vasodilator

MS = 1-(2,3,4-Trimethoxybenzyl)piperazine. A vasodilator used in angina of effort or ischemic heart disease.

UI = D014292

 

Trimethadione

AN = an anticonvulsant

MS = An anticonvulsant effective in absence seizures, but generally reserved for refractory cases because of its toxicity. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p378)

UI = D014293

 

Trimethaphan

AN = an antihypertensive

MS = A nicotinic antagonist that has been used as a ganglionic blocker in hypertension, as an adjunct to anesthesia, and to induce hypotension during surgery.

UI = D014294

 

Trimethoprim

AN = a urinary anti-infective & antimalarial

MS = An antibacterial closely related to the antimalarial PYRIMETHAMINE; administered orally, in combination with a sulfonamide because the two drugs markedly potentiate each other, in the treatment of urinary tract infections due to Escherichia coli, Klebsiella-Enterobacter group, Proteus vulgaris, P. mirabilis, and P. morganii, and in Pneumocystis carinii pneumonitis in children with reduced host defenses. In certain countries, it is used alone as an antimalarial. (Dorland, 28th ed)

UI = D014295

 

Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole Combination

AN = an anti-infective; DF: TMP SMX

MS = 4-Amino-N-(5-methyl-3-isoxazolyl)benzenesulfonamide mixture with 5-((3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)methyl)- 2,4-pyrimidinediamine. This drug combination has proved to be an effective therapeutic agent with broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against both gram-positive and gram-negative organisms. It is effective in the treatment of many infections, including Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in AIDS, but is the drug of choice for urinary infection.

UI = D015662

 

Trimethoprim Resistance

MS = Nonsusceptibility of a bacterium to the action of TRIMETHOPRIM.

UI = D014296

 

Trimethylsilyl Compounds

AN = organic silicon cpds; DF: TRIMETHYLSILYL CPDS

MS = Organic silicon derivatives used to characterize hydroxysteroids, nucleosides, and related compounds. Trimethylsilyl esters of amino acids are used in peptide synthesis.

UI = D014297

 

Trimethyltin Compounds

AN = DF: TRIMETHYLTIN CPDS

MS = Organic compounds composed of tin and three methyl groups. Affect mitochondrial metabolism and inhibit oxidative phosphorylation by acting directly on the energy conserving processes.

UI = D014298

 

Trimetrexate

AN = a folic acid antag

MS = 5-Methyl-6-(((3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)amino)methyl)-2,4-quinazolinediamine. A nonclassical folic acid inhibitor through its inhibition of the enzyme dihydrofolate reductase. It is being tested for efficacy as an antineoplastic agent and as an antiparasitic agent against Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in AIDS patients. Myelosuppression is its dose-limiting toxic effect.

UI = D016597

 

Trimipramine

AN = an antidepressant

MS = Tricyclic antidepressant similar to IMIPRAMINE, but with more antihistaminic and sedative properties.

UI = D014299

 

Trinidad and Tobago

AN = islands constituting an independent state in the Lesser Antilles in the West Indies; DF: TRINIDAD

MS = An independent state in the Lesser Antilles in the West Indies, north of Venezuela, comprising the islands of Trinidad and Tobago. Its capital is Port of Spain. Both islands were discovered by Columbus in 1498. The Spanish, English, Dutch, and French figure in their history over four centuries. Trinidad and Tobago united in 1898 and were made part of the British colony of Trinidad and Tobago in 1899. The colony became an independent state in 1962. Trinidad was so named by Columbus either because he arrived on Trinity Sunday or because three mountain peaks suggested the Holy Trinity. Tobago was given the name by Columbus from the Haitian tambaku, pipe, from the natives' habit of smoking tobacco leaves. (Webster's New Geographical Dictionary, 1988, p1228, 1216 & Room, Brewer's Dictionary of Names, 1992, p555, 547)

UI = D014300

 

Trinitrobenzenes

MS = Benzene derivatives which are substituted with three nitro groups in any position.

UI = D014301

 

Trinitrobenzenesulfonic Acid

AN = a reagent; DF: TNBS

MS = 2,4,6-Trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid. A reagent that is used to neutralize peptide terminal amino groups.

UI = D014302

 

Trinitrotoluene

UI = D014303

 

Trinucleotide Repeat Expansion

MS = DNA region comprised of a variable number of repetitive, contiguous trinucleotide sequences. The presence of these regions is associated with diseases such as Fragile X Syndrome and Myotonia Atrophica. Many chromosome fragile sites (CHROMOSOME FRAGILITY) contain expanded trinucleotide repeats.

UI = D019680

 

Trinucleotide Repeats

MS = Microsatellite repeats consisting of three nucleotides dispersed in the euchromatic arms of chromosomes.

UI = D018911

 

Triolein

AN = a triglyceride

MS = (Z)-9-Octadecenoic acid 1,2,3-propanetriyl ester.

UI = D014304

 

Triose-Phosphate Isomerase

AN = /defic: consider also ANEMIA, HEMOLYTIC, CONGENITAL NONSPHEROCYTIC

MS = An enzyme that catalyzes reversibly the conversion of D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate to dihydroxyacetone phosphate. A deficiency in humans causes nonspherocytic hemolytic disease (ANEMIA, HEMOLYTIC, CONGENITAL NONSPHEROCYTIC). EC 5.3.1.1.

UI = D014305

 

Trioses

AN = monosaccharides

UI = D014306

 

Trioxsalen

AN = a photosensitizer

MS = Pigmenting photosensitizing agent obtained from several plants, mainly Psoralea corylifolia. It is administered either topically or orally in conjunction with ultraviolet light in the treatment of vitiligo.

UI = D014307

 

Triparanol

AN = an anticholesteremic

MS = Antilipemic agent with high ophthalmic toxicity. According to Merck Index, 11th ed, the compound was withdrawn from the market in 1962 because of its association with the formation of irreversible cataracts.

UI = D014308

 

Tripelennamine

AN = a histamine H1 antag

MS = A histamine H1 antagonist with low sedative action but frequent gastrointestinal irritation. It is used to treat asthma, hay fever, urticaria, and rhinitis, and also in veterinary applications. Tripelennamine is administered by various routes, including topically.

UI = D014309

 

Trophoblastic Tumor, Placental Site

AN = /blood supply /chem /second /secret /ultrastruct permitted; coord IM with UTERINE NEOPLASMS (IM); check the tags FEMALE & PREGNANCY

MS = A tumor that arises from the trophoblast of the placental bed and is composed mainly of cytotrophoblastic cells. It encompasses lesions of low- and high-grade malignancy. (Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, p1691)

UI = D018245

 

Triplets

AN = human only: for animals use LITTER SIZE; relation to PREGNANCY: Manual 28.17.4, 34.14; diseases in triplets: coord IM with specific disease or diseases (IM)

UI = D014310

 

Triprolidine

AN = a histamine H1 antag

MS = Histamine H1 antagonist used in allergic rhinitis, asthma, and urticaria. It may cause drowsiness.

UI = D014311

 

Triptorelin

AN = a gonadorelin & antineoplastic

MS = 6-D-Tryptophanluteinizing hormone-releasing factor (pig). A long-acting GONADORELIN analog agonist. It has been used in the treatment of prostatic cancer, ovarian cancer, precocious puberty, endometriosis, and to induce ovulation for in vitro fertilization.

UI = D017329

 

Trisaccharides

AN = oligosaccharides

MS = Any of a class of carbohydrates composed of three glycosidically linked monosaccharide groups. (Dorland, 28th ed)

UI = D014312

 

Trismus

AN = spasm of masticatory muscles

MS = A spasm of the masticatory muscles producing "lockjaw" characteristic of tetanus.

UI = D014313

 

Trisomy

AN = IM; always coord with specific chromosome number (IM); no qualif; trisomy 21 = DOWN SYNDROME

MS = The possession of a third chromosome of any one type in an otherwise diploid cell.

UI = D014314

 

Triterpenes

UI = D014315

 

Tritium

AN = = H3; naturally radioactive

UI = D014316

 

Tritolyl Phosphates

AN = used to sterilize surg instrum & in indust

MS = Phosphoric acid tri(methylphenyl) ester. A mixture of isomeric tritolyl phosphates. Used in the sterilization of certain surgical instruments and in many industrial processes.

UI = D014317

 

Tritrichomonas

AN = infection: coord IM with MASTIGOPHORA INFECTIONS (IM); for antigens, coord with ANTIGENS, PROTOZOAN, for antibodies, coord with ANTIBODIES, PROTOZOAN

MS = A genus of flagellate protozoans possessing three long anterior flagella.

UI = D014318

 

Tritrichomonas foetus

AN = causes bovine abortion; infection: coord IM with MASTIGOPHORA INFECTIONS (IM) & if pertinent ABORTION, VETERINARY (IM) (see note there) + CATTLE DISEASES (IM)

MS = A species of flagellate parasitic protozoa. It possesses a long undulating membrane that is bordered on its outer margin by a flagellum that becomes free posteriorly. This organism causes infections in cows that could lead to temporary infertility or abortion.

UI = D016835

 

Triturus

AN = aquatic newt; NIM when exper animal: no qualif; IM; qualif permitted

MS = A genus of aquatic newts in the Salamandridae family. During breeding season many Triturus males have a dorsal crest which also serves as an accessory respiratory organ. One of the common Triturus species is Triturus cristatus (crested newt).

UI = D014319

 

Trityl Compounds

AN = benzene derivatives; DF: TRITYL CPDS

UI = D014320

 

Trochlear Nerve

AN = 4th cranial nerve; dis: coord IM with CRANIAL NERVE DISEASES (IM); neopl: coord IM with CRANIAL NERVE NEOPLASMS (IM) + histol type of neopl (IM)

MS = The 4th cranial nerve. The trochlear nerve carries the motor innervation of the superior oblique muscles of the eye.

UI = D014321

 

Troglotrematidae

AN = a family of trematodes; infection: coord IM with TREMATODE INFECTIONS (IM); for antigens, coord with ANTIGENS, HELMINTH, for antibodies, coord with ANTIBODIES, HELMINTH

MS = A family of flukes (TREMATODA) usually under 10 mm in length, some being only 1 or 2 mm long. In general they are thick, spinous, or scaly flukes having an oval outline and living in various organs and sinuses of birds and mammals. The genus with the greatest interest is PARAGONIMUS. (From Noble et al., Parasitology: the Biology of Animal Parasites, 6th ed, p191)

UI = D014322

 

Troleandomycin

AN = a macrolide antibiotic

MS = A macrolide antibiotic that is similar to ERYTHROMYCIN.

UI = D014217

 

Trombiculiasis

AN = mite infestation

MS = Infestation with mites of the genus Trombicula, whose larvae carry the rickettsial agent of scrub typhus.

UI = D014323

 

Trombiculid Mites

AN = one species is vector of Rickettsia tsutsugamushi, agent of scrub typhus; /microbiol /parasitol /virol permitted; infection = TROMBICULIASIS

MS = The larva of mites of the genus Trombicula which attack man and other vertebrates, causing dermatitis and severe allergic reactions. One species is the carrier of SCRUB TYPHUS or tsutsugamushi disease.

UI = D014324

 

Tromethamine

AN = a buffer; D25-26 qualif

MS = An organic amine proton acceptor. It is used in the synthesis of surface-active agents and pharmaceuticals; as an emulsifying agent for cosmetic creams and lotions, mineral oil and paraffin wax emulsions, is a biological buffer, and is used as an alkalizer. (From Merck, 11th ed; Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1424)

UI = D014325

 

Tropanes

AN = alkaloids

UI = D014326

 

Trophoblast

AN = A 11 qualif

MS = The outer layer of cells of the blastocyst which works its way into the endometrium during ovum implantation and grows rapidly, later combining with mesoderm.

UI = D014327

 

Trophoblastic Neoplasms

AN = = "trophoblastic disease"; coord IM with UTERINE NEOPLASMS (IM); /blood supply /chem /second /secret /ultrastruct permitted; check the tags FEMALE & PREGNANCY

MS = Trophoblastic growth, which may be gestational or nongestational in origin. Trophoblastic neoplasia resulting from pregnancy is often described as gestational trophoblastic disease to distinguish it from germ cell tumors which frequently show trophoblastic elements, and from the trophoblastic differentiation which sometimes occurs in a wide variety of epithelial cancers. Gestational trophoblastic growth has several forms, including HYDATIDIFORM MOLE and CHORIOCARCINOMA. (From Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, p1691)

UI = D014328

 

Tropical Climate

AN = specify geog if pertinent CATALOG: /geog /form

MS = A climate which is typical of equatorial and tropical regions, i.e., one with continually high temperatures with considerable precipitation, at least during part of the year. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

UI = D014329

 

Tropical Medicine

AN = SPEC: SPEC qualif; = "tropical diseases" when very general but avoid: prefer specific diseases; DF: TROPICAL MED

MS = The branch of medicine concerned with diseases, mainly of parasitic origin, common in tropical and subtropical regions.

UI = D014330

 

Tropicamide

AN = a mydriatic

MS = A muscarinic antagonist with pharmacologic action similar to ATROPINE and used mainly as an ophthalmic parasympatholytic or mydriatic. It may cause closed-angle glaucoma.

UI = D014331

 

Tropism

AN = directional growth toward or away from a stimulus

MS = The directional growth of an organism in response to an external stimulus such as light, touch, or gravity. Growth towards the stimulus is a positive tropism; growth away from the stimulus is a negative tropism. (From Concise Dictionary of Biology, 1990)

UI = D018523

 

Tropocollagen

AN = /biosyn /physiol permitted

UI = D014332

 

Tropoelastin

AN = a protein precursor; /biosyn /physiol permitted

MS = A salt-soluble precursor of elastin. Lysyl oxidase is instrumental in converting it to elastin in connective tissue.

UI = D014333

 

Tropolone

MS = 2-Hydroxy-2,4,6-cycloheptatrien-1-one.

UI = D014334

 

Tropomyosin

AN = a muscle protein; /biosyn /physiol permitted

MS = A protein found in the thin filaments of muscle fibers. It inhibits contraction of the muscle unless its position is modified by TROPONIN.

UI = D014335

 

Troponin

AN = a muscle protein; /biosyn /physiol permitted; TROPONIN C, TROPONIN I, & TROPONIN T are also available

MS = One of the minor protein components of skeletal muscle. Its function is to serve as the calcium-binding component in the troponin-tropomyosin B-actin-myosin complex by conferring calcium sensitivity to the cross-linked actin and myosin filaments.

UI = D014336

 

Troponin C

AN = TROPONIN I & TROPONIN T are also available

MS = One of the three polypeptide chains that make up the TROPONIN complex of skeletal muscle. It is a calcium-binding protein.

UI = D019209

 

Troponin I

AN = a muscle protein; /biosyn /physiol permitted; TROPONIN C & TROPONIN T are also available

MS = One of the three polypeptide chains that make up the TROPONIN complex. It inhibits F-actin-myosin interactions.

UI = D019210

 

Troponin T

AN = TROPONIN C & TROPONIN I are also available

MS = One of the three polypeptide chains that make up the TROPONIN complex. It is a cardiac-specific protein and binds to tropomyosin. It is released from only damaged or injured heart tissue and cells.

UI = D020107

 

Trout

AN = IM; qualif permitted

MS = Various fish of the family SALMONIDAE, usually smaller than salmon. They are mostly restricted to cool clear freshwater. Some are anadromous. They are highly regarded for their handsome colors, rich well-flavored flesh, and gameness as an angling fish. The genera Salvelinus, Salmo, and ONCORHYNCHUS have been introduced virtually throughout the world.

UI = D014337

 

Truncus Arteriosus

AN = normal; abnormal is probably TRUNCUS ARTERIOSUS, PERSISTENT; pseudotruncus arteriosus = TETRALOGY OF FALLOT

MS = The embryonic arterial trunk arising from the heart which then divides into the aorta and the main pulmonary artery.

UI = D014338

 

Truncus Arteriosus, Persistent

AN = abnormal; do not use /congen & do not coord with INFANT, NEWBORN, DISEASES CATALOG: do not use /in inf

MS = A congenital anomaly resulting from the failure of the aorticopulmonary system to develop and divide the truncus arteriosus into the aorta and the pulmonary trunk.

UI = D014339

 

Trusses

MS = Elastic, canvas, or metallic devices for retaining a hernia reduced within the abdominal cavity. (Dorland, 28th ed)

UI = D014340

 

Trustees

MS = Board members of an institution or organization who are entrusted with the administering of funds and the directing of policy.

UI = D014341

 

Truth Disclosure

AN = no qualif

MS = Oral or written communication of the actual facts.

UI = D014342

 

Trypan Blue

AN = D25-26 qualif

MS = An azo that that is used in protozoal infections.

UI = D014343

 

Trypanocidal Agents

AN = consider also TRYPANOSOMA /drug eff & TRYPANOSOMIASIS /drug ther or pertinent specifics

MS = Agents destructive to the protozoal organisms belonging to the suborder Trypanosmatina.

UI = D014344

 

Trypanosoma

AN = GEN; prefer specific; /drug eff: consider also TRYPANOCIDAL AGENTS; infection = TRYPANOSOMIASIS but prefer specific types of trypanosomiasis; for antigens, coord with ANTIGENS, PROTOZOAN, for antibodies, coord with ANTIBODIES, PROTOZOAN

MS = A genus of flagellate protozoans found in the blood and lymph of vertebrates and invertebrates, both hosts being required to complete the life cycle.

UI = D014345

 

Trypanosoma brucei brucei

AN = causes nagana & also TRYPANOSOMIASIS, BOVINE in African cattle or TRYPANOSOMIASIS, AFRICAN /vet in African game animals; infection: coord IM with TRYPANOSOMIASIS, AFRICAN (IM) but see note there for X ref NAGANA see TRYPANOSOMIASIS, AFRICAN; for antigens, coord with ANTIGENS, PROTOZOAN, for antibodies, coord with ANTIBODIES, PROTOZOAN

MS = A hemoflagellate subspecies of parasitic protozoa that causes nagana in domestic and game animals in Africa. It apparently does not infect humans. It is transmitted by bites of tsetse flies (Glossina).

UI = D014346

 

Trypanosoma brucei gambiense

AN = causes Gambian or West African sleeping sickness in several parts of Africa; infection: coord IM with TRYPANOSOMIASIS, AFRICAN (IM); for antigens, coord with ANTIGENS, PROTOZOAN, for antibodies, coord with ANTIBODIES, PROTOZOAN

MS = A hemoflagellate subspecies of parasitic protozoa that causes Gambian or West African sleeping sickness in humans. The vector host is usually the tsetse fly (Glossina).

UI = D014347

 

Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense

AN = causes Rhodesian sleeping sickness; infection: coord IM with TRYPANOSOMIASIS, AFRICAN (IM); for antigens, coord with ANTIGENS, PROTOZOAN, for antibodies, coord with ANTIBODIES, PROTOZOAN

MS = A hemoflagellate subspecies of parasitic protozoa that causes Rhodesian sleeping sickness in humans. It is carried by Glossina pallidipes, G. morsitans and occasionally other species of game-attacking tsetse flies.

UI = D016833

 

Trypanosoma congolense

AN = infection: coord IM with TRYPANOSOMIASIS, AFRICAN (IM); for antigens, coord with ANTIGENS, PROTOZOAN for antibodies, coord with ANTIBODIES PROTOZOAN

MS = A species of Trypanosome hemoflagellates that is carried by tsetse flies and causes severe anemia in cattle. These parasites are also found in horses, sheep, goats, and camels.

UI = D014348

 

Trypanosoma cruzi

AN = infection = TRYPANOSOMIASIS, SOUTH AMERICAN see CHAGAS DISEASE; for antigens, coord with ANTIGENS, PROTOZOAN, for antibodies, coord with ANTIBODIES, PROTOZOAN

MS = The agent of South American trypanosomiasis or CHAGAS DISEASE. Its vertebrate hosts are man and various domestic and wild animals. Insects of several species are vectors.

UI = D014349

 

Trypanosoma lewisi

AN = in rats; infection: coord IM with TRYPANOSOMIASIS (IM); for antigens, coord with ANTIGENS, PROTOZOAN, for antibodies, coord with ANTIBODIES, PROTOZOAN

MS = A trypanosome found in the blood of adult rats and transmitted by the rat flea. It is generally non-pathogenic in adult rats but can cause lethal infection in suckling rats.

UI = D014350

 

Trypanosoma vivax

AN = causes nagana in African cattle & other animals: see note at TRYPANOSOMIASIS, AFRICAN; for antigens, coord with ANTIGENS, PROTOZOAN, for antibodies, coord with ANTIBODIES, PROTOZOAN

MS = An active blood parasite that is present in practically all domestic animals in Africa, the West Indies, and parts of Central and South America. In Africa, the insect vector is the tsetse fly. In other countries, infection is by mechanical means indicating that the parasites have been introduced to these countries and have been able to maintain themselves in spite of the lack of a suitable intermediate host. It is a cause of nagana, the severity of which depends on the species affected.

UI = D016689

 

Trypanosomatina

AN = infection: coord IM with MASTIGOPHORA INFECTIONS (IM); for antigens, coord with ANTIGENS, PROTOZOAN, for antibodies, coord with ANTIBODIES, PROTOZOAN

MS = A suborder of monoflagellate parasitic protozoa that lives in the blood and tissues of man and animals. Representative genera include: Blastocrithidia, Leptomonas, CRITHIDIA, Herpetomonas, LEISHMANIA, Phytomonas, and TRYPANOSOMA. Species of this suborder may exist in two or more morphologic stages formerly named after genera exemplifying these forms - amastigote (LEISHMANIA), choanomastigote (CRITHIDIA), promastigote (Leptomonas), opisthomastigote (Herpetomonas), epimastigote (Blastocrithidia), and trypomastigote (TRYPANOSOMA).

UI = D014351

 

Trypanosomiasis

AN = protozoan infect; GEN: prefer specific; /drug ther: consider also TRYPANOCIDAL AGENTS; exper trypanosomiasis: TN 187

MS = Infection with protozoa of the genus TRYPANOSOMA.

UI = D014352

 

Trypanosomiasis, African

AN = for trypanosomiasis in tropical Africa caused by any species of Trypanosoma: TN 188; coord IM with TRYPANOSOMA BRUCEI GAMBIENSE (IM) for Gambian trypanosomiasis; X ref NAGANA: see MeSH definition & index under TRYPANOSOMIASIS, AFRICAN /vet (IM) + specific Trypanosoma genus (IM) + animal/dis precoord (IM) + animal (IM or NIM) + check tag ANIMAL; specify geog if pertinent CATALOG: /geog /form

MS = A disease endemic among people and animals in Central Africa. It is caused by various species of trypanosomes, particularly T. gambiense and T. rhodesiense. Its second host is the tsetse fly. Involvement of the central nervous system produces "African sleeping sickness." Nagana is a rapidly fatal trypanosomiasis of horses and other animals.

UI = D014353

 

Trypanosomiasis, Bovine

AN = don't forget also CATTLE (NIM) & check tag ANIMAL; coord IM with specific type of trypanosomiasis /vet (NIM)

MS = Infection in cattle caused by various species of trypanosomes.

UI = D014354

 

Trypsin

AN = a serine proteinase

MS = An enzyme of the hydrolase class that catalyzes the cleavage of peptide linkages involving the carboxyl group of either arginine or lysine. It is secreted by the pancreas as trypsinogen and converted to the active form in the small intestine. (From Dorland, 27th ed) EC 3.4.21.4.

UI = D014357

 

Trypsin Inhibitor, Bowman-Birk Soybean

AN = /drug eff /ultrastruct permitted; DF: TRYPSIN INHIB BOWMAN

MS = A low-molecular-weight protein (minimum molecular weight 8000) which has the ability to inhibit trypsin as well as chymotrypsin at independent binding sites. It is characterized by a high cystine content and the absence of glycine.

UI = D014358

 

Trypsin Inhibitor, Kazal Pancreatic

AN = /drug eff /ultrastruct permitted; DF: TRYPSIN INHIB KAZAL

MS = A pancreatic trypsin inhibitor common to all mammals. It is secreted with the zymogens into the pancreatic juice. It is a protein composed of 56 amino acid residues and is different in amino acid composition and physiological activity from the Kunitz bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitor (APROTININ).

UI = D014359

 

Trypsin Inhibitor, Kunitz Soybean

AN = /drug eff /ultrastruct permitted; DF: TRYPSIN INHIB KUNITZ

MS = A high-molecular-weight protein (approximately 22,500) containing 198 amino acid residues. It is a strong inhibitor of trypsin and human plasmin.

UI = D014360

 

Trypsin Inhibitors

AN = GEN or unspecified; prefer specifics; /drug eff /ultrastruct permitted; ALPHA 1-ANTITRYPSIN is available; DF: TRYPSIN INHIB

MS = Serine proteinase inhibitors which inhibit trypsin. They may be endogenous or exogenous compounds.

UI = D014361

 

Trypsinogen

AN = an enzyme precursor; /defic: consider also MALABSORPTION SYNDROMES (IM) + AMINO ACID METABOLISM, INBORN ERRORS (IM)

MS = The inactive proenzyme of trypsin secreted by the pancreas, activated in the duodenum via cleavage by enteropeptidase. (Stedman, 25th ed)

UI = D014362

 

Tryptamines

UI = D014363

 

Tryptophan

AN = an essential amino acid; /biosyn /defic /physiol permitted; /adv eff: consider also EOSINOPHILIA-MYALGIA SYNDROME

MS = An amino acid which, in its L-form, is classified as an essential component in human nutrition. It is not synthesized by the human body.

UI = D014364

 

Tryptophan Hydroxylase

MS = An enzyme that catalyzes the hydroxylation of tryptophan to 5-hydroxytryptophan in the presence of NADPH and molecular oxygen. It is important in the biosynthesis of serotonin. EC 1.14.16.4

UI = D014365

 

Tryptophan Oxygenase

MS = A protohemoprotein. Forms formylkynurenine from L-tryptophan and molecular oxygen. EC 1.13.11.11.

UI = D014366

 

Tryptophan Synthase

MS = An enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of L-serine and 1-(indol-3-yl)glycerol 3-phosphate to L-tryptophan and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate. It is a pyridoxal phosphate protein that also catalyzes the conversion of serine and indole into tryptophan and water and of indoleglycerol phosphate into indole and glyceraldehyde phosphate. (From Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992) EC 4.2.1.20.

UI = D014367

 

Tryptophanase

MS = An enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of L-tryptophan and water to indole, pyruvate, and ammonia. It is a pyridoxal-phosphate protein, requiring K+. It also catalyzes 2,3-elimination and beta-replacement reactions of some indole-substituted tryptophan analogs of L-cysteine, L-serine, and other 3-substituted amino acids. (From Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992) EC 4.1.99.1.

UI = D014368

 

Tryptophan-tRNA Ligase

MS = An enzyme that activates tryptophan with its specific transfer RNA. EC 6.1.1.2.

UI = D014369

 

Tsetse Flies

AN = vectors of various species of Trypanosoma; /microbiol /parasitol /virol permitted; do not use /drug eff for insecticides: TN 111

MS = Bloodsucking flies of the genus Glossina, found primarily in equatorial Africa. Several species are intermediate hosts of trypanosomes.

UI = D014370

 

Tuber Cinereum

MS = Layer of gray matter in the hypothalamus that also forms part of the floor of the third ventricle.

UI = D014371

 

Tubercidin

AN = an antineoplastic antimetabolite

MS = An antibiotic purine ribonucleoside that readily substitutes for adenosine in the biological system, but its incorporation into DNA and RNA has an inhibitory effect on the metabolism of these nucleic acids.

UI = D014372

 

Tuberculin

AN = /diag use = probably TUBERCULIN TEST

UI = D014373

 

Tuberculin Test

AN = for diag of tuberculosis

MS = Any of a large number of skin tests for tuberculosis using various types of TUBERCULIN and various methods of application. Tuberculin or its purified protein derivative is injected into the skin or applied as a patch. The diagnosis of tuberculosis is based on the degree of induration and erythema. The tuberculin test, however, does not distinguish between infection in a resistant person without disease and a person with clinical manifestations of tuberculosis. (Dorland, 27th ed; Stedman, 25th ed)

UI = D014374

 

Tuberculoma

AN = not a neoplasm; coord IM with precoord tuberculosis term (IM) or organ/dis precoord (IM) if tuberc term is not available

MS = A tumor-like mass resulting from the enlargement of a tuberculous lesion.

UI = D014375

 

Tuberculoma, Intracranial

AN = not a neoplasm; coord IM with specif part of brain or precoord brain/dis (IM)

MS = A well-circumscribed mass found cortically or subcortically in the cerebral or cerebellar hemispheres. In under-developed countries where tuberculosis is endemic these lesions are quite common. Management of intracranial tuberculomas includes antituberculosis chemotherapy and neurosurgical evacuation of tuberculomas singly or in combination.

UI = D016862

 

 

Tuberculosis

AN = caused by various species of Mycobacterium; GEN: prefer specifics; if unspecified as just "tuberculosis", TUBERCULOSIS, PULMONARY is probably the correct heading but check text carefully; tuberculid: index under TUBERCULOSIS, CUTANEOUS; /drug ther: consider also ANTITUBERCULAR AGENTS; indexing policy: Manual 23.13.2

MS = Any of the infectious diseases of man and other animals caused by species of MYCOBACTERIUM.

UI = D014376

 

Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant

AN = IM; coord with specific type of tuberc (IM) + specific antituberc agents (IM or NIM)

MS = Tuberculosis resistant to chemotherapy with two or more antitubercular agents. The problem of resistance is particularly troublesome in tuberculosis as an opportunistic disease in HIV infection.

UI = D018088

 

Tuberculosis Societies

MS = Voluntary agencies concerned with prevention and treatment of tuberculosis.

UI = D014378

 

Tuberculosis, Avian

AN = coord IM with BIRDS (NIM) or specific bird (IM)

MS = A variety of TUBERCULOSIS affecting various birds, including chickens and ducks. It is caused by MYCOBACTERIUM AVIUM and characterized by tubercles consisting principally of epithelioid cells.

UI = D014379

 

Tuberculosis, Bovine

AN = caused by Mycobacterium bovis; don't forget also CATTLE (NIM) & check tag ANIMAL

MS = An infection of cattle caused by MYCOBACTERIUM BOVIS. It is transmissible to man and other animals.

UI = D014380

 

Tuberculosis, Cardiovascular

AN = IM; coord IM with specific organ or organ /dis (IM)

MS = Tuberculosis of the heart, pericardium, or blood vessels.

UI = D014381

 

Tuberculosis, Cutaneous

MS = Tuberculosis of the skin. It includes scrofuloderma and tuberculid, but not lupus vulgaris, which is LUPUS.

UI = D014382

 

Tuberculosis, Endocrine

AN = IM; coord IM with specific organ /dis (IM)

MS = Tuberculous infection of the endocrine glands.

UI = D014383

 

Tuberculosis, Female Genital

AN = IM; coord IM with specific organ or organ /dis (IM)

MS = Tuberculosis of the genitalia in women.

UI = D014384

 

Tuberculosis, Gastrointestinal

AN = IM; coord IM with specific organ or organ /dis (IM)

MS = Gastric and/or enteric tuberculosis. This condition is marked by spreading ulcers and diarrhea.

UI = D014385

 

Tuberculosis, Hepatic

MS = Infection of the liver with tubercle bacilli producing localized granulomata, miliary lesions, or tuberculoma.

UI = D014386

 

Tuberculosis, Laryngeal

MS = Tuberculosis involving the larynx, producing ulceration of the vocal cords and laryngeal mucosa. It is commonly attended by hoarseness, cough, pain on swallowing, and hemoptysis.

UI = D014387

 

Tuberculosis, Lymph Node

AN = X ref SCROFULA in hist articles = KING'S EVIL: see MeSH definition there

MS = Infection of the lymph nodes by tuberculosis. Tuberculous infection of the cervical lymph nodes is scrofula.

UI = D014388

 

Tuberculosis, Male Genital

AN = IM; coord IM with specific organ or organ /dis (IM)

MS = Tuberculosis of the genitalia in men.

UI = D014389

 

Tuberculosis, Meningeal

MS = Tuberculous meningitis. The causative agent is MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS.

UI = D014390

 

Tuberculosis, Miliary

MS = An acute form of TUBERCULOSIS in which minute tubercles are formed in a number of organs of the body due to dissemination of the bacilli through the blood stream.

UI = D014391

 

Tuberculosis, Ocular

AN = IM; coord IM with specific eye heading (IM) or eye dis heading (IM)

MS = Tuberculous infection of the eye, primarily the iris, ciliary body, and choroid.

UI = D014392

 

Tuberculosis, Oral

AN = "tuberc of the mouth, tongue & salivary glands"; IM; coord IM with specific mouth, tongue or salivary gland heading (IM) or mouth, tongue or salivary dis heading (IM)

MS = Tuberculosis of the mouth, tongue, and salivary glands.

UI = D014393

 

Tuberculosis, Osteoarticular

AN = IM; may be osteo- or artic; coord IM with specific bone or joint (IM) or bone or joint dis (IM)

MS = Tuberculosis of the bones or joints.

UI = D014394

 

Tuberculosis, Peritoneal

MS = Tuberculosis of the serous lining of the abdomen.

UI = D014395

 

Tuberculosis, Pleural

MS = Tuberculosis of the serous membrane lining the thoracic cavity and surrounding the lungs.

UI = D014396

 

Tuberculosis, Pulmonary

AN = referred to as just "tuberculosis": check text or x-ray plates; atypical Mycobact infect of lung = TUBERCULOSIS, PULMONARY (IM) + MYCOBACTERIUM INFECTIONS, ATYPICAL (IM); DF: TUBERCULOSIS PULM

MS = Tuberculosis of the lungs.

UI = D014397

 

Tuberculosis, Renal

MS = Infection of the kidney with species of MYCOBACTERIUM.

UI = D014398

 

Tuberculosis, Spinal

AN = IM; coord IM with specific vertebra (IM)

MS = Osteitis or caries of the vertebrae, usually occurring as a complication of tuberculosis of the lungs.

UI = D014399

 

Tuberculosis, Splenic

MS = Infection of the spleen with species of MYCOBACTERIUM.

UI = D014400

 

Tuberculosis, Urogenital

AN = IM; GEN or as coord IM for organs (IM) or organ/dis (IM) not covered as TUBERCULOSIS, FEMALE GENITAL or TUBERCULOSIS, MALE GENITAL or TUBERCULOSIS, RENAL

MS = A general term for tuberculosis of the urinary and/or genital systems or urinary organs other than the kidney, which is TUBERCULOSIS, RENAL.

UI = D014401

 

Tuberous Sclerosis

AN = multiple hamartomas of cerebral cortex

MS = An autosomal disorder characterized pathologically by multiple nodular tumors throughout the cerebral cortex and clinically manifested by mental retardation and epileptic convulsions.

UI = D014402

 

Tubocurarine

AN = a neuromusc nondepolarizing agent

MS = An alkaloid isolated from the bark and stem of Chondrodendron tomentosum R. & P. (Menispermaceae). It is the active principle of CURARE. The chloride salt, a neuromuscular blocking agent, is administered intravenously to relax skeletal muscles in surgery, tetanus, and shock therapy, and may be used for diagnosis of myasthenia gravis in certain cases. (From Dorland, 27th ed)

UI = D014403

 

Tubulin

AN = a nerve tissue protein; /biosyn /physiol permitted

MS = A microtubule subunit protein found in large quantities in mammalian brain. It has also been isolated from sperm flagella, cilia, and other sources. Structurally, the protein is a dimer with a molecular weight of approximately 120,000 and a sedimentation coefficient of 5.8S. It binds to colchicine, vincristine, and vinblastine.

UI = D014404

 

Tubulina

AN = a suborder of protozoa

MS = A suborder of ameboid protozoa characterized by a branched or unbranched cylindrical body and the absence of bidirectional cytoplasmic flow. Nuclear division is mesomitotic.

UI = D016846

 

Tuftsin

AN = produced by spleen; stimulates phagocytosis

MS = N(2)-(1-(N(2)-L-Threonyl)-L-lysyl)-L-prolyl)-L-arginine. A tetrapeptide produced in the spleen by enzymatic cleavage of a leukophilic gamma-globulin. It stimulates the phagocytic activity of blood polymorphonuclear leukocytes and neutrophils in particular. The peptide is located in the Fd fragment of the gamma-globulin molecule.

UI = D014405

 

Tularemia

AN = caused by Francisella tularensis (formerly Pasteurella tularensis)

MS = A plague-like disease of rodents, transmissible to man. It is caused by FRANCISELLA TULARENSIS and is characterized by fever, chills, headache, backache, and weakness.

UI = D014406

 

Tumor Cells, Cultured

AN = NIM; A 11 qualif; coord with histol type & organ/neopl precoord NIM unless identity of tissue & type are clinically significant; Manual 24.4.5+

MS = Cells grown in vitro from neoplastic tissue for use in studying the proliferative and metabolic capacities of tumor cells, in predicting clinical responses to chemotherapy, in screening new antitumor agents, and in basic biological research. They include carcinoma cell lines.

UI = D014407

 

Tumor Escape

AN = read MeSH definition: "ability of tumors to evade destruction by the immune system"

MS = The ability of tumors to evade destruction by the immune system. Theories concerning possible mechanisms by which this takes place involve both cellular and humoral immunity, and also costimulatory pathways related to CD28 antigens and CD80 antigens.

UI = D019139

 

Tumor Lysis Syndrome

AN = lymphoproliferative disord caused by anticancer drugs; coord IM with /etiol (not /chem ind) + anticancer drug /adv eff (IM) + required neopl coords /drug ther (IM or NIM) if pertinent

MS = A syndrome resulting from cytotoxic therapy, occurring generally in aggressive, rapidly proliferating lymphoproliferative disorders. It is characterized by combinations of hyperuricemia, lactic acidosis, hyperkalemia, hyperphosphatemia and hypocalcemia.

UI = D015275

 

Tumor Markers, Biological

AN = IM; coord with specific substance (IM) if pertinent; DF: TUMOR MARKERS; Manual 24.4.4.5

MS = Molecular products metabolized and secreted by neoplastic tissue and characterized biochemically in cells or body fluids. They are indicators of tumor stage and grade as well as useful for monitoring responses to treatment and predicting recurrence. Many chemical groups are represented including hormones, antigens, amino and nucleic acids, enzymes, polyamines, and specific cell membrane proteins and lipids.

UI = D014408

 

Tumor Necrosis Factor

AN = a blood protein

MS = Serum glycoprotein produced by activated macrophages and other mammalian mononuclear leukocytes which has necrotizing activity against tumor cell lines and increases ability to reject tumor transplants. It mimics the action of endotoxin but differs from it. It has a molecular weight of less than 70,000 kDa.

UI = D014409

 

Tumor Stem Cell Assay

AN = coord IM with histol type of neopl + precoord organ/neopl term (IM or NIM) if pertinent; DF: TCFU ASSAY

MS = A cytologic technique for measuring the functional capacity of tumor stem cells by assaying their activity. It is used primarily for the in vitro testing of antineoplastic agents.

UI = D014410

 

Tumor Stem Cells

AN = "colony-forming cells which give rise to neoplasms"; A 11 qualif

MS = Colony-forming cells which give rise to neoplasms.

UI = D014411

 

Tumor Virus Infections

AN = coord IM with specific oncogenic virus (IM)

MS = Infections produced by oncogenic viruses. The infections caused by DNA viruses are less numerous but more diverse than those caused by the RNA oncogenic viruses.

UI = D014412

 

Tumor Viruses, Murine

AN = species of the genus Retroviruses, Type C, Mammalian; infection: coord IM with RETROVIRIDAE INFECTIONS (IM) + TUMOR VIRUS INFECTIONS (IM)

MS = Species of mammalian type C retroviruses (RETROVIRUSES TYPE C, MAMMALIAN) that cause solid tumors or leukemias in mice.

UI = D009054

 

Tuna

AN = IM; qualif permitted; tuna for eating: see notes on FISH PRODUCTS; canned tuna = TUNA (IM) + FOOD PRESERVATION (IM)

MS = Large, vigorous ocean fishes.

UI = D014413

 

Tungsten

AN = W-184; W-180, 182, 183, 186 = TUNGSTEN (IM) + ISOTOPES (NIM); W-176-179, 181, 185, 187-189 = TUNGSTEN (IM) + RADIOISOTOPES (IM)

MS = Tungsten. A metallic element with the atomic symbol W, atomic number 74, and atomic weight 183.85. It is used in many manufacturing applications, including increasing the hardness, toughness, and tensile strength of steel; manufacture of filaments for incandescent light bulbs; and in contact points for automotive and electrical apparatus.

UI = D014414

 

Tungsten Compounds

AN = inorganic; GEN or unspecified; prefer specifics; DF: TUNGSTEN CPDS

MS = Inorganic compounds that contain tungsten as an integral part of the molecule.

UI = D017973

 

Tunica Intima

AN = /pathol is more likely than "diseases of the tunica intima"; coord IM with specific blood vessel (IM)

MS = The innermost coat of blood vessels, consisting of a thin lining of endothelial cells longitudinally oriented and continuous with the endothelium of capillaries on the one hand and the endocardium of the heart on the other.

UI = D017539

 

Tunica Media

AN = /pathol is more likely than "diseases of the tunica media"; coord IM with specific blood vessel (IM)

MS = The middle coat of blood vessel walls, composed principally of thin, cylindrical, smooth muscle cells and elastic tissue. It accounts for the bulk of the wall of most arteries. The smooth muscle cells are arranged in circular layers around the vessel, and the thickness of the coat varies with the size of the vessel.

UI = D017540

 

Tunicamycin

AN = an antibiotic; do not use /biosyn unless by living matter

MS = An N-acetylglycosamine containing antiviral antibiotic obtained from Streptomyces lysosuperificus. It is also active against some bacteria and fungi, because it inhibits the glucosylation of proteins. Tunicamycin is used as tool in the study of microbial biosynthetic mechanisms.

UI = D014415

 

Tunisia

AN = a republic in northern Africa

MS = A republic in northern Africa between ALGERIA and LIBYA. Its capital is Tunis, which occupies the site of ancient Carthage. Tunisia became a French protectorate in 1881 but was reorganized in 1922. France recognized its independence in 1956. The country takes its name from the capital, which some authorities derive from the name of the Phoenician goddess Tanith, the meaning of which is uncertain. (Webster's New Geographical Dictionary, 1988, p1235 & Room, Brewer's Dictionary of Names, 1992, p558)

UI = D014416

 

Tupaia

AN = tree shrew; IM; qualif permitted

MS = A genus of tree shrews of the family TUPAIIDAE which consists of about 12 species. One of the most frequently encountered species is T. glis. Members of this genus inhabit rain forests and secondary growth areas in southeast Asia.

UI = D014417

 

Tupaiidae

AN = family of tree shrews; do not confuse X ref TREE SHREWS with SHREWS (insectivore); IM; qualif permitted

MS = The only family of the order SCANDENTIA, variously included in the order Insectivora or in the order Primates, and often in the order Microscelidea, consisting of five genera. They are TUPAIA, Ananthana (Indian tree shrew), Dendrogale (small smooth-tailed tree shrew), Urogale (Mindanao tree shrew), and Ptilocercus (pen-tailed tree shrew). The tree shrews inhabit the forest areas of eastern Asia from India and southwestern China to Borneo and the Philippines.

UI = D014418

 

Turbellaria

AN = a class of platyhelminths not usually parasitic

MS = A class of free-living freshwater flatworms of North America.

UI = D014419

 

Turbinates

AN = fractures: coord TURBINATES /inj (IM) + SKULL FRACTURES (IM)

MS = The scroll-like bony plates with curved margins on the lateral wall of the nasal cavity.

UI = D014420

 

Turkey

AN = the country, not TURKEYS

UI = D014421

 

Turkeys

AN = domestic or wild; IM; qualif permitted; diseases: coord IM with POULTRY DISEASES (IM)

UI = D014422

 

Turkmenistan

UI = D014423

 

Turner's Syndrome

AN = a gonadal dysgenesis; in females; TURNER'S SYNDROME, MALE is also available; do not use /congen & do not coord with INFANT, NEWBORN, DISEASES CATALOG: do not use /in inf

MS = A disorder of gonadal differentiation, marked by short stature, undifferentiated (streak) gonads, and variable abnormalities that may include webbing of the neck, low posterior hair line, increased carrying angle of the elbow, cubitus valgus, and cardiac defects. It is typically associated with absence of the second sex chromosome (XO, or 45,X), although structural abnormality of one X chromosome or mosaicism (e.g., XX/XX or X/XXX) may also be responsible. The phenotype is female and patients are usually sterile. (Dorland, 27th ed)

UI = D014424

 

Turpentine

AN = D25-26 qualif

MS = The concrete oleoresin obtained from Pinus palustris Mill. (Pinaceae) and other species of Pinus. It contains a volatile oil, to which its properties are due, and to which form it is generally used. (Dorland, 28th ed) Turpentine is used as a solvent and an experimental irritant in biomedical research. Turpentine toxicity is of medical interest.

UI = D014425

 

Turtles

AN = sea turtles, fresh water turtles (terrapin), land turtles (tortoise); IM; qualif permitted

UI = D014426

 

Twin Studies

AN = an epidemiol technique for study of twins: do not confuse with articles on TWINS as persons or on specific or general DISEASES IN TWINS; IM GEN only; coord NIM with specific subject (IM) + TWINS (IM) or with specific dis (IM) + DISEASES IN TWINS (IM); do not confuse with Publication Type TWIN STUDY

MS = Methods of detecting genetic etiology in human traits. The basic premise of twin studies is that monozygotic twins, being formed by the division of a single fertilized ovum, carry identical genes, while dizygotic twins, being formed by the fertilization of two ova by two different spermatozoa, are genetically no more similar than two siblings born after separate pregnancies. (Last, J.M., A Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)

UI = D018433

 

Twin Study [Publication Type]

AN = publication type only; an epidemiol method for study of twins; for twin studies as a subject, index under main heading TWIN STUDIES

MS = A method of detecting genetic causes in human traits and genetic factors in behavior using sets of twins.

UI = D018486

 

Twins

AN = IM humans only; if pertinent, NIM for animals not usually giving birth to twins; relation to PREGNANCY: Manual 28.17.4, 34.14

UI = D014427

 

Twins, Conjoined

AN = note category; do not use /congen & do not coord with INFANT, NEWBORN, DISEASES CATALOG: do not use /in inf

UI = D014428

 

Twins, Dizygotic

AN = two from separate ova; monozygotic = two from one ovum

MS = Two offspring produced in the same pregnancy from separate ova fertilized at the same time.

UI = D014429

 

Twins, Monozygotic

AN = two from one ovum; dizygotic = two from separate ova

MS = Two offspring developed from one fertilized ovum.

UI = D014430

 

Tylenchida

AN = an order of nematodes in plants; transmit plant viruses

MS = An order of nematodes consisting of many species which are plant parasites. Female worms lay eggs that hatch either in soil or in the host plant.

UI = D017187

 

Tylenchoidea

AN = a superfamily of nematodes in plants & in man after ingestion of infected plants; infection: coord IM with SECERNENTEA INFECTIONS (IM); for antigens, coord with ANTIGENS, HELMINTH, for antibodies, coord with ANTIBODIES, HELMINTH

MS = A superfamily of nematodes whose members are free-living saprophytes or parasites of plants. Ova are sometimes found in human feces after ingestion of infected plants.

UI = D014431

 

Tylosin

AN = a macrolide antibiotic; do not use /biosyn unless by living matter

MS = Macrolide antibiotic obtained from cultures of Streptomyces fradiae. The drug is effective against many microorganisms in animals but not in humans.

UI = D015645

 

Tymovirus

AN = a group of mosaic viruses; from Turnip Yellow MOsaic virus; coord IM with specific plant /virol (IM or NIM)

MS = A group of plant viruses with a narrow host range that includes crucifers. Transmission occurs by beetles and mechanical inoculation.

UI = D017806

 

Tympanic Membrane

AN = do not confuse with TYMPANUM; /surg: consider MYRINGOPLASTY & TYMPANOPLASTY

UI = D014432

 

Tympanic Membrane Perforation

AN = perf of eardrum; usually traumatic

MS = An opening in the tympanic membrane usually caused by trauma. There are four general categories: compression injuries (the most common and usually the result of a blow to the ear); instrumentation injuries (the second most common, usually inadvertent, caused often by cotton swabs or bobby-pins); burn-slag injuries (frequently seen in industry, from hot metal from machines or welding); and blast injuries (usually seen during war or as a result of terrorist bombing). In the absence of infection, most traumatic tympanic membrane perforations heal spontaneously. Persistent perforation is usually a manifestation of tubotympanitis, an inflammation of the eustachian tube and tympanic cavity (middle ear). (From Paparella, Shumrick, Gluckman, and Meyerhoff: Otolaryngology, vol. II, 3d ed, pp1363-65)

UI = D018058

 

Tympanoplasty

AN = surg reconstruction of hearing mechanism of middle ear; repair of tympanic membrane perforation = MYRINGOPLASTY; do not use /util except by MeSH definition

MS = Surgical reconstruction of the hearing mechanism of the middle ear, with restoration of the drum membrane to protect the round window from sound pressure, and establishment of ossicular continuity between the tympanic membrane and the oval window. (Dorland, 28th ed.)

UI = D014433

 

Type A Personality

AN = no qualif

MS = Established behavior pattern characterized by excessive drive and ambition, impatience, competitiveness, sense of time urgency, and poorly contained aggression.

UI = D014434

 

Typhoid

AN = caused by Salmonella typhi (also called S. typhosa)

MS = An acute enteric infection caused by SALMONELLA TYPHI.

UI = D014435

 

Typhoid-Paratyphoid Vaccines

UI = D014436

 

Typhus, Endemic Flea-Borne

AN = caused by Rickettsia typhi

MS = An infectious disease clinically similar to epidemic louse-borne typhus (TYPHUS, EPIDEMIC LOUSE-BORNE), but caused by RICKETTSIA TYPHI, which is transmitted from rat to man by the rat flea, Xenopsylla cheopis.

UI = D014437

 

Typhus, Epidemic Louse-Borne

AN = caused by Rickettsia prowazekii

MS = The classic form of typhus, caused by RICKETTSIA PROWAZEKII, which is transmitted from man to man by the louse Pediculus humanus corporis. This disease is characterized by the sudden onset of intense headache, malaise, and generalized myalgia followed by the formation of a macular skin eruption and vascular and neurologic disturbances.

UI = D014438

 

Tyramine

AN = a biogenic amine

MS = An indirect sympathomimetic. Tyramine does not directly activate adrenergic receptors, but it can serve as a substrate for adrenergic uptake systems and monoamine oxidase so it prolongs the actions of adrenergic transmitters. It also provokes transmitter release from adrenergic terminals. Tyramine may be a neurotransmitter in some invertebrate nervous systems.

UI = D014439

 

Tyrocidine

AN = a tyrothricin antibiotic

MS = An antibiotic mixture produced by Bacillus brevis which may be separated into three components, tyrocidines A, B, and C. It is the major constituent (40-60 per cent) of tyrothricin, gramicidin accounting for the remaining 10-20 per cent active material. It is a topical antimicrobial agent, that is very toxic parenterally.

UI = D014440

 

Tyropanoate

AN = a contrast medium; D25-26 qualif

MS = Sodium 3-butyramido-alpha-ethyl-2,4,6-triiodohydro-cinnamate. A diagnostic aid as a radiopaque medium in cholecystography.

UI = D014441

 

Tyrosine

AN = an amino acid; tyrosinemia = TYROSINE /blood (IM) + AMINO ACID METABOLISM, INBORN ERRORS (IM)

UI = D014443

 

Tyrosine Transaminase

AN = /defic: consider also TYROSINE /blood (IM) + AMINO ACID METABOLISM, INBORN ERRORS (IM)

MS = An enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of L-tyrosine and 2-oxoglutarate to 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate and L-glutamate. It is a pyridoxal-phosphate protein. L-Phenylalanine can act instead of L-tyrosine. The mitochondrial enzyme may be identical with aspartate transaminase (EC 2.6.1.1.). EC 2.6.1.5.

UI = D014444

 

Tyrosine Decarboxylase

MS = A pyridoxal-phosphate protein that catalyzes the conversion of L-tyrosine to tyramine and carbon dioxide. The bacterial enzyme also acts on 3-hydroxytyrosine and, more slowly, on 3-hydroxyphenylalanine. (From Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992) EC 4.1.1.25.

UI = D014445

 

Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase

MS = An enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of L-tyrosine, tetrahydrobiopterin, and oxygen to 3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine, dihydrobiopterin, and water. EC 1.14.16.2.

UI = D014446

 

Tyrosine Phenol-Lyase

MS = An enzyme that catalyzes the cleavage of tyrosine to phenol, pyruvate, and ammonia. It is a pyridoxal phosphate protein. The enzyme also forms pyruvate from D-tyrosine, L-cysteine, S-methyl-L-cysteine, L-serine, and D-serine, although at a slower rate. EC 4.1.99.2.

UI = D014447

 

Tyrosine-tRNA Ligase

MS = An enzyme that activates tyrosine with its specific transfer RNA. EC 6.1.1.1.

UI = D014448

 

Tyrothricin

AN = a peptide antibiotic

MS = A polypeptide antibiotic mixture obtained from Bacillus brevis. It consists of a mixture of three tyrocidines (60%) and several gramicidins (20%) and is very toxic to blood, liver, kidneys, meninges, and the olfactory apparatus. It is used topically.

UI = D014449

 

Tyrphostins

MS = A family of synthetic protein tyrosine kinase inhibitors. They selectively inhibit receptor autophosphorylation and are used to study receptor function.

UI = D020032