Glossary of Bio-Medical Terms
U
RETURN TO INDEX U937 Cells
AN = almost never IM; no qualif when NIM; check HUMAN and do not add LYMPHOMA, LARGE-CELL, DIFFUSE
MS = A human cell line established from a diffuse histiocytic lymphoma and displaying many monocytic characteristics. It serves as an in vitro model for monocyte/macrophage differentiation.
UI = D020298
U-50488
MS = A nonpeptide kappa-opioid receptor agonist which has also been found to stimulate the release of adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) via the release of hypothalmic arginine vasopressin and corticotropin releasing factor. (From J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1997;280(1):416-21)
UI = D019900
Ubiquinol-Cytochrome-c Reductase
AN = DF: note short X ref
MS = An 11-subunit enzyme complex that acts as an electron transferring protein in the mitochondrial respiratory chain. The enzyme complex catalyzes the oxidation of ubiquinol to ubiquinone and ferrocytochrome c in the presence of ferricytochrome c. It contains cytochromes b-562, b-566, and c1 as well as an iron ferredoxin. EC 1.10.2.2.
UI = D014450
Ubiquinone
MS = A lipid-soluble benzoquinone which is involved in electron transport in mitochondrial preparations. The compound occurs in the majority of aerobic organisms, from bacteria to higher plants and animals.
UI = D014451
Ubiquitin
AN = a high-mobility, heat-shock protein; named for its wide distribution in a wide variety of sources; /biosyn /physiol permitted
MS = A family of proteins found in all eukaryotes that is widely distributed in the organism. It contains a highly conserved sequence of 76 amino acids that is identical in a wide variety of sources including humans, fish, and insects. It participates in diverse cellular functions, such as protein degradation, chromatin structure, and heat shock, by conjugation to other proteins through the carboxy terminus. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)
UI = D014452
UDPglucose 4-Epimerase
MS = A necessary enzyme in the metabolism of galactose. It reversibly catalyzes the conversion of UDPglucose to UDPgalactose. NAD+ is an essential component for enzymatic activity. EC 5.1.3.2.
UI = D014534
Uganda
AN = a republic in eastern Africa
MS = A republic in eastern Africa, south of SUDAN and east of KENYA. Its capital is Kampala. In 1894 it was formally proclaimed a British protectorate but became independent in 1966. Its name is Swahili, u, land + Ganda, the name of its indigenous people, the land of the Ganda. The origin of their name is unknown. (From Webster's New Geographical Dictionary, 1992, p1244 & Room, Brewer's Dictionary of Names, 1992, p562)
UI = D014454
Ukraine
AN = no change in English spelling in pre-Soviet, Soviet or post- Soviet translations
UI = D014455
Ulcer
AN = IM; coord with organ/dis precoord (IM); in addition to the see related terms below consider also DECUBITUS ULCER, FOOT ULCER, LEG ULCER, ORAL ULCER, STOMACH ULCER & DUODENAL ULCER; VARICOSE ULCER; "rodent ulcer" = CARCINOMA, BASAL CELL; stress ulcer: index under PEPTIC ULCER or specific (IM) + STRESS or STRESS, PSYCHOLOGICAL (IM or NIM); ulcero-mutilating acropathy: diabetic = DIABETIC NEUROPATHIES, alcoholic = ALCOHOLISM + PERIPHERAL NERVE DISEASES, hereditary = NEUROPATHY, HEREDITARY SENSORY
MS = A lesion on the surface of the skin or a mucous surface, produced by the sloughing of inflammatory necrotic tissue.
UI = D014456
Ulna
AN = fracture = ULNA FRACTURES
UI = D014457
Ulna Fractures
MS = Fractures of the larger bone of the forearm.
UI = D014458
Ulnar Artery
AN = diseases: coord IM with PERIPHERAL VASCULAR DISEASES (IM)
MS = The larger of the two terminal branches of the brachial artery, beginning about one centimeter distal to the bend of the elbow. Like the RADIAL ARTERY, its branches may be divided into three groups corresponding to their locations in the forearm, wrist, and hand.
UI = D017535
Ulnar Nerve
AN = a major nerve of the arm from the brachial plexus; dis: coord IM with PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM DISEASES (IM); neopl: coord IM with PERIPHERAL NERVE NEOPLASMS (IM) + histol type of neopl (IM)
MS = A major nerve of the upper extremity. In humans, the fibers of the ulnar nerve originate in the lower cervical and upper thoracic spinal cord (usually C7 to T1), travel via the medial cord of the brachial plexus, and supply sensory and motor innervation to parts of the hand and forearm.
UI = D014459
Ulnar Nerve Compression Syndrome
MS = A condition caused by compression or entrapment of the ulnar nerve. It may involve both sensory and motor problems and most often results from compression or entrapment of the ulnar nerve at the elbow (cubital tunnel syndrome). Compression of the nerve may occur during normal activities or as a complication of general anesthesia.
UI = D017769
Ultimobranchial Body
AN = embryonic structure in animals; /embryol permitted but consider other qualif
MS = A diverticulum from the fourth pharyngeal pouch of an embryo, regarded by some as a rudimentary fifth pharyngeal pouch and by others as a lateral thyroid primordium. The ultimobranchial bodies of lower vertebrates contain large amounts of calcitonin. In mammals the bodies fuse with the thyroid gland and are thought to develop into the parafollicular cells. (Stedman, 25th ed)
UI = D014460
Ultracentrifugation
AN = an anal chem technique; GEN or unspecified; prefer specifics; NIM
MS = Centrifugation with a centrifuge that develops centrifugal fields of more than 100,000 times gravity. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)
UI = D014461
Ultrafiltration
AN = NIM; ultrafilt of blood is indexed under HEMOFILTRATION or HEMODIAFILTRATION if combined with hemodialysis
MS = The separation of particles from a suspension by passage through a filter with very fine pores. In ultrafiltration the separation is accomplished by convective transport; in DIALYSIS separation relies instead upon differential diffusion. Ultrafiltration occurs naturally and is a laboratory procedure. Artificial ultrafiltration of the blood is referred to as HEMOFILTRATION or HEMODIAFILTRATION (if combined with HEMODIALYSIS).
UI = D014462
Ultrasonography
AN = GEN only; prefer /ultrasonogr with organs & diseases: Manual 19.7+, 19.8.77; ultrasonic or sonographic imaging of organs is organ /ultrasonogr; X ref ECHOTOMOGRAPHY is seen in foreign lit: if so, use "ultrasonography" or "ultrasonic diagnosis" or "ultrasonic imaging" in translations & not "echotomography"; ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY & ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY, DOPPLER & ECHOENCEPHALOGRAPHY are also available; DF: ULTRASONOGR
MS = The visualization of deep structures of the body by recording the reflections of echoes of pulses of ultrasonic waves directed into the tissues. Use of ultrasound for imaging or diagnostic purposes employs frequencies ranging from 1.6 to 10 megahertz.
UI = D014463
Ultrasonography, Doppler, Transcranial
AN = /drug eff /rad eff permitted; do not use /util except by MeSH definition; DF: ULTRASONOGR DOPPLER TRANSCRANIAL
MS = A non-invasive technique using ultrasound for the measurement of cerebrovascular hemodynamics, particularly cerebral blood flow velocity and cerebral collateral flow. With a high-intensity, low-frequency pulse probe, the intracranial arteries may be studied transtemporally, transorbitally, or from below the foramen magnum.
UI = D017585
Ultrasonography, Interventional
AN = do not use /util except by MeSH definition; DF: ULTRASONOGR INTERVENTIONAL
MS = Ultrasonography using invasive or surgical procedures. Its widest application is intravascular ultrasound imaging but it is useful also in urology and intra-abdominal conditions.
UI = D018084
Ultrasonography, Mammary
AN = check tag usually FEMALE; DF: ULTRASONOGR MAMMARY
MS = Use of ultrasound for imaging the breast. The most frequent application is the diagnosis of neoplasms of the female breast.
UI = D016217
Ultrasonography, Prenatal
AN = coord IM with specific fetal anat, physiol or other clin feature (IM); if on mother, coord IM with specific maternal aspect (IM); check tags FEMALE & PREGNANCY; DF: ULTRASONOGR PRENATAL
MS = The visualization of tissues during pregnancy through recording of the echoes of ultrasonic waves directed into the body. The procedure may be applied with reference to the mother or the fetus and with reference to organs or the detection of maternal or fetal disease.
UI = D016216
Ultrasonic Therapy
AN = do not use /util except by MeSH definition; coord with dis /ther, not dis /radiother
MS = The use of focused, high-frequency sound waves to produce local hyperthermia in certain diseased or injured parts of the body or to destroy the diseased tissue.
UI = D014464
Ultrasonics
AN = /adv eff permitted but consider also ULTRASONOGRAPHY /adv eff & ULTRASONIC THERAPY /adv eff; ultrasonic or sonographic imaging of organs is organ /ultrasonogr
MS = That part of the science of acoustics dealing with the frequency range beyond the upper limit of perception by the human ear (beyond 20,000 hertz per second), but usually restricted to frequencies above 500,000 hertz per second. Ultrasonic radiation is injurious to tissues because of its thermal effects when absorbed by living matter, but in controlled doses it is used therapeutically to selectively break down tissues, as in treatment of arthritis and lesions of the nervous system, and also as a diagnostic aid by visually displaying echoes received from irradiated tissues, as in echocardiography and echoencephalography. (Dorland, 28th ed)
UI = D014465
Ultrasonography, Doppler
AN = GEN or unspecified; prefer specifics; /drug eff /rad eff permitted; do not use /util except by MeSH definition; DF: ULTRASONOGR DOPPLER
MS = Ultrasonography applying the Doppler effect, with frequency-shifted ultrasound reflections produced by moving targets (usually red blood cells) in the bloodstream along the ultrasound axis in direct proportion to the velocity of movement of the targets, to determine both direction and velocity of blood flow. (Stedman, 25th ed)
UI = D018608
Ultrasonography, Doppler, Color
AN = /drug eff /rad eff permitted; do not use /util except by MeSH definition; DF: ULTRASONOGR DOPPLER COLOR
MS = Ultrasonography applying the Doppler effect, with the superposition of flow information as colors on a gray scale in a real-time image. This type of ultrasonography is well-suited to identifying the location of high-velocity flow (such as in a stenosis) or of mapping the extent of flow in a certain region.
UI = D018615
Ultrasonography, Doppler, Duplex
AN = /drug eff /rad eff permitted; do not use /util except by MeSH definition; DF: ULTRASONOGR DOPPLER DUPLEX
MS = Ultrasonography applying the Doppler effect combined with real-time imaging. The real-time image is created by rapid movement of the ultrasound beam. A powerful advantage of this technique is the ability to estimate the velocity of flow from the Doppler shift frequency.
UI = D018616
Ultrasonography, Doppler, Pulsed
AN = /drug eff /rad eff permitted; do not use /util except by MeSH definition; DF: ULTRASONOGR DOPPLER PULSED
MS = Ultrasonography applying the Doppler effect, with velocity detection combined with range discrimination. Short bursts of ultrasound are transmitted at regular intervals and the echoes are demodulated as they return.
UI = D018617
Ultraviolet Rays
AN = non-ionizing but short-wave UV is ionizing; black light goes here or under INFRARED RAYS depending on text but unspecified, index here
MS = That portion of the electromagnetic spectrum immediately below the visible range and extending into the x-ray frequencies. The longer wavelengths (near-UV or biotic or vital rays) are necessary for the endogenous synthesis of vitamin D and are also called antirachitic rays; the shorter, ionizing wavelengths (far-UV or abiotic or extravital rays) are viricidal, bactericidal, mutagenic, and carcinogenic and are used as disinfectants.
UI = D014466
Ultraviolet Therapy
AN = non-ionizing but short-wave UV is ionizing; do not use /util except by MeSH definition; coord with dis /radiother, not dis /ther; do not index here for ultraviolet ther in PUVA THERAPY unless particularly discussed
MS = The use of ultraviolet electromagnetic radiation in the treatment of disease, usually of the skin. This is the part of the sun's spectrum that causes sunburn and tanning. Ultraviolet A, used in PUVA, is closer to visible light and less damaging than Ultraviolet B, which is ionizing.
UI = D014467
Umbelliferones
AN = /biosyn permitted if by plant
MS = 7-Hydroxycoumarins. Substances present in many plants, especially umbelliferae. Umbelliferones are used in sunscreen preparations and may be mutagenic. Their derivatives are used in liver therapy, as reagents, plant growth factors, sunscreens, insecticides, parasiticides, choleretics, spasmolytics, etc.
UI = D014468
Umbilical Arteries
MS = Either of a pair of arteries originating from the internal iliac artery and passing through the umbilical cord to carry blood from the fetus to the placenta.
UI = D014469
Umbilical Cord
AN = cord blood = UMBILICAL CORD BLOOD see FETAL BLOOD
MS = The flexible structure, giving passage to the umbilical arteries and vein, which connects the embryo or fetus to the placenta.
UI = D014470
Umbilical Veins
MS = Veins which carry oxygenated, nutrient-rich blood from the placenta and which are obliterated in the first few days after birth.
UI = D014471
Umbilicus
MS = The pit in the center of the abdominal wall marking the point where the umbilical cord entered in the fetus.
UI = D014472
Umbridae
AN = a family of fish: the mudminnows
MS = A family of SALMONIFORMES comprising the mudminnows. There are three genera: Dallia, Novumbra, and Umbra with much disagreement about their taxonomic interrelations. The Umbridae are freshwater fish inhabiting parts of the Northern Hemisphere. (Nelson: Fishes of the World)
UI = D017877
Uncompensated Care
AN = absence of payment to physician, dentist, other health professional, hosp; includes lack of compensation in pro bono work & charity care & as a result of bad debts
MS = Medical services for which no payment is received. Uncompensated care includes charity care and bad debts.
UI = D017664
Unconscious (Psychology)
AN = no qualif; "the unconscious" or unconscious behavior: do not confuse with UNCONSCIOUSNESS, the physiol loss of consciousness; DF: UNCONSCIOUS
MS = Those forces and content of the mind which are not ordinarily available to conscious awareness or to immediate recall.
UI = D014473
Unconsciousness
AN = the physiol loss of consciousness: do not confuse with UNCONSCIOUS, unconscious behavior or "the unconscious" in psychol
MS = A physiological state in which the patient is incapable of responding to usual environmental stimuli; it is an imprecise term but usually refers to impairment of consciousness less profound than COMA, in which no response can be elicited even at the reflex level.
UI = D014474
Uncoupling Agents
AN = enzyme inhib
MS = Chemical agents that uncouple oxidation from phosphorylation in the metabolic cycle so that ATP synthesis does not occur. Included here are those IONOPHORES that disrupt electron transfer by short-circuiting the proton gradient across mitochondrial membranes.
UI = D014475
Undecylenic Acids
AN = antifungals
UI = D014476
Underachievement
AN = no qualif
MS = Performance, usually in school work, poorer than that predicted from aptitude and/or intelligence testing.
UI = D014477
Unedited Footage [Publication Type]
AN = publication type only; unedited raw motion picture or video footage
MS = Untitled raw motion picture and video footage which has not been edited or assembled into a finished work. (Moving Image Materials: Genre Terms, 1988)
UI = D019517
Unemployment
MS = The state of not being engaged in a gainful occupation.
UI = D014478
Unified Medical Language System
AN = IM; DF: note short X ref CATALOG: use NAF entry
MS = A research and development program initiated by the National Library of Medicine to build an intelligent automated system that can understand biomedical concepts, words, and expressions and their interrelationships, and use this understanding to help users retrieve and organize information from a variety of machine-readable sources. The goal of the UMLS is to compensate for differences in the terminology of the disparate systems and for variations in user modes of expression. The UMLS project has produced four knowledge sources meant to be used by user interface programs. These are the Metathesaurus, the Semantic Network, the Information Sources Map, and the Specialist Lexicon.
UI = D017432
Union Lists [Publication Type]
MS = Records of the holdings or items owned by two or more libraries.
UI = D020503
United Arab Emirates
AN = 7 states on the southeast Arabian peninsula
MS = A federation of seven states on the southeast portion of the Arabian peninsula: Abu Dhabi, Ajman, Dubai, Fujairah, Ras al-Khaimah, Sharjah and Umm al-Qaiwain. In 1820 a treaty of peace was concluded between Great Britain and native rulers. During the 19th century the rulers agreed to suppression of the slave trade and restriction of foreign relations to Great Britain. The Trucial Council was established in 1952 and defense treaties with Great Britain terminated. In 1971 an independent six-member federation was formed, with Ras al-Khaimah joining the federation in 1972. (From Webster's New Geographical Dictionary, 1988, p1250)
UI = D014479
United Nations
AN = IM CATALOG: use NAF entry
MS = An international organization whose members include most of the sovereign nations of the world with headquarters in New York City. The primary objectives of the organization are to maintain peace and security and to achieve international cooperation in solving international economic, social, cultural, or humanitarian problems.
UI = D014480
United States
AN = do not abbreviate; each state is available as a heading as are several cities; "American" in titles refers probably to UNITED STATES, not AMERICAS; with Amer organizations: Manual 36.16
UI = D014481
United States Agency for Health Care Policy and Research
AN = add UNITED STATES (NIM); research support by this agency is checked as NIH/PHS SUP; DF: AHCPR CATALOG: use NAF entry
MS = An agency of the PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE established in 1990 to "provide indexing, abstracting, translating, publishing, and other services leading to a more effective and timely dissemination of information on research, demonstration projects, and evaluations with respect to health care to public and private entities and individuals engaged in the improvement of health care delivery..." It supersedes the National Center for Health Services Research.
UI = D016270
United States Department of Agriculture
AN = add UNITED STATES (NIM); research support by this agency is checked as OTHER US GOVT SUPPORT; DF: USDA CATALOG: use NAF entry
MS = A department of the United States Government concerned with improving and maintaining farm income and developing and expanding markets for agricultural products. It also helps landowners in protecting the soil, water, forest, and other natural resources. It carries out rural development and conservation programs. Through inspection and grading services it safeguards and insures standards of quality in food supply and production.
UI = D016885
United States Indian Health Service
AN = add UNITED STATES (NIM); research support by this agency is checked as NIH/PHS SUP; specify geog if pertinent; DF: IHS CATALOG: use NAF entry
MS = A division of the UNITED STATES PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE that is responsible for the public health and the provision of medical services to native American Indian populations in the United States, primarily those residing on reservation lands.
UI = D016549
United States National Aeronautics and Space Administration
AN = add UNITED STATES (NIM); research support by this agency is checked as OTHER GOVT SUP; DF: note short X ref CATALOG: use NAF entry
MS = An independent Federal agency established in 1958. It conducts research for the solution of problems of flight within and outside the Earth's atmosphere and develops, constructs, tests, and operates aeronautical and space vehicles. (From U.S. Government Manual, 1993)
UI = D018557
United States Office of Research Integrity
AN = add UNITED STATES (NIM); DF: ORI CATALOG: use NAF entry
MS = An office of the UNITED STATES PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE organized in June 1992 to promote research integrity and investigate misconduct in research supported by the Public Health Service. It consolidates the Office of Scientific Integrity of the National Institutes of Health and the Office of Scientific Integrity Review in the Office of the Assistant Secretary for Health. The ORI is in the Office of the Assistant Secretary for Health and its director reports directly to the Assistant Secretary for Health, Department of Health and Human Services. (RI Newsletter, 1993 Jan; 1(1):1)
UI = D018172
United States Social Security Administration
AN = add UNITED STATES (NIM); research support by this agency is checked as OTHER US GOVT SUPPORT; DF: SSA CATALOG: use NAF entry
MS = The Social Security Administration administers a national program of contributory social insurance whereby employees, employers, and the self-employed pay contributions that are pooled in special trust funds. When earnings are reduced because of retirement, death, or disability, monthly benefits are paid to partially replace lost earnings. Part of the contributions go into a separate hospital insurance trust fund for workers when they become 65 to provide help with medical expenses. Other programs include the supplemental social security income program for the aged, blind, and disabled and the Old Age Survivors and Disability Insurance Program. SSA became an independent agency March 31, 1995. It had previously been part of the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, later the Department of Health and Human Services. (From United States Government Manual, 1994-95)
UI = D019131
United States Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration
AN = add UNITED STATES (NIM); research support by this agency is checked as NIH/PHS SUP; DF: SAMHSA CATALOG: use NAF entry
MS = An agency of the PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE concerned with the overall planning, promoting, and administering of programs pertaining to substance abuse and mental health. It is commonly referred to by the acronym SAMHSA. On 1 October 1992, the United States Alcohol, Drug Abuse, and Mental Health Administration (ADAMHA) became SAMHSA. (Telephone communication with SAMHSA 7 April 1992)
UI = D014482
United States Dept. of Health and Human Services
AN = add UNITED STATES (NIM); research support by this agency is checked as OTHER US GOVT SUP; DF: HHS CATALOG: use NAF entry
MS = A department of the United States government concerned with administering those agencies and offices having programs pertaining to health and human services.
UI = D014483
United States Environmental Protection Agency
AN = add UNITED STATES (NIM); research support by this agency is checked as OTHER US GOVT SUP; DF: EPA CATALOG: use NAF entry
MS = An agency in the executive branch which endeavors to abate and control pollution in the areas of air, water, solid waste, noise, radiation, and toxic substances.
UI = D014484
United States Federal Trade Commission
AN = add UNITED STATES (NIM); research support by this agency is checked as OTHER GOVT SUP; DF: FTC CATALOG: use NAF entry
MS = An independent administrative agency concerned with maintaining competitive free enterprise by prohibiting unfair methods of competition and unfair deceptive acts or practices.
UI = D014485
United States Food and Drug Administration
AN = add UNITED STATES (NIM); research support by this agency is checked as NIH/PHS SUP; DF: FDA CATALOG: use NAF entry
MS = An agency of the PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE concerned with the overall planning, promoting, and administering of programs pertaining to maintaining standards of quality of foods, drugs, therapeutic devices, etc.
UI = D014486
United States Health Care Financing Administration
AN = add UNITED STATES (NIM); research support by this agency is checked as OTHER US GOVT SUP; DF: HCFA CATALOG: use NAF entry
MS = A component of the Department of Health and Human Services to oversee and direct the Medicare and Medicaid programs and related Federal medical care quality control staffs.
UI = D014487
United States Health Resources and Services Administration
AN = add UNITED STATES (NIM); research support by this agency is checked as NIH/PHS SUP; DF: HRSA CATALOG: use NAF entry
MS = A component of the PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE that provides leadership related to the delivery of health services and the requirements for and distribution of health resources, including manpower training.
UI = D014488
United States Occupational Safety and Health Administration
AN = add UNITED STATES (NIM); research support by this agency is checked as OTHER US GOVT SUP; DF: OSHA CATALOG: use NAF entry
MS = An office in the Department of Labor responsible for developing and establishing occupational safety and health standards.
UI = D014489
United States Office of Economic Opportunity
AN = add UNITED STATES (NIM); research support by this agency is checked as OTHER US GOVT SUP; DF: OEO CATALOG: use NAF entry
MS = A division of the Executive Branch of the United States government concerned with overall planning, promoting, and administering programs relative to the provision of opportunities for economic advancement.
UI = D014490
United States Office of Technology Assessment
AN = add UNITED STATES (NIM); research support by this agency is checked as OTHER US GOVT SUP; DF: OTA CATALOG: use NAF entry
MS = An office established to help Congress participate and plan for the consequences of uses of technology. It provides information on both the beneficial and adverse effects of technological applications.
UI = D014491
United States Public Health Service
AN = add UNITED STATES (NIM); research support by this agency is checked as NIH/PHS SUP; DF:PHS CATALOG: use NAF entry
MS = A constituent organization of the DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES concerned with protecting and improving the health of the nation.
UI = D014492
United States Department of Veterans Affairs
AN = add UNITED STATES (NIM); research support by this agency is checked as OTHER US GOVT SUP: DF: VA CATALOG: use NAF entry
MS = A division of the Executive Branch of the United States government concerned with overall planning, promoting, and administering programs pertaining to veterans. The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) was established March 15, 1989 as a Cabinet-level position.
UI = D014493
Unithiol
AN = a chelating agent; D25-26 qualif
MS = A chelating agent used as an antidote to heavy metal poisoning.
UI = D014494
5' Untranslated Regions
AN = do not confuse with RNA, SPLICED LEADER
MS = The sequence at the 5' end of the messenger RNA that does not code for product. This sequence contains the ribosome binding site and other transcription and translation regulating sequences.
UI = D020121
Universal Coverage
AN = restrict to health insurance; specify geog if pertinent
MS = Health insurance coverage for all persons in a state or country, rather than for some subset of the population. It may extend to the unemployed as well as to the employed; to aliens as well as to citizens; for pre-existing conditions as well as for current illnesses; for mental as well as for physical conditions.
UI = D019472
Universal Precautions
AN = restrict to "prudent prev measures" in contacts with patients having communicable dis; IM; coord IM with specific dis /prev (IM)
MS = Prudent standard preventive measures to be taken by professional and other health personnel in contact with persons afflicted with a communicable disease, to avoid contracting the disease by contagion or infection. Precautions are especially applicable in the diagnosis and care of AIDS patients.
UI = D016635
Universities
AN = IM; Manual 30.8, 36.18; specify locale if pertinent; colleges as educ institutions go here: do not confuse with bodies such as "College of Physicians" which are indexed under SOCIETIES, MEDICAL; Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USUHS), under US Dept of Defense, goes under SCHOOLS, MEDICAL + UNITED STATES; DF: UNIV CATALOG: /geog /form
MS = Educational institutions providing facilities for teaching and research and authorized to grant academic degrees.
UI = D014495
Unnecessary Procedures
AN = IM; coord with specific procedure (IM) with probably /util
MS = Diagnostic, therapeutic, and investigative procedures prescribed and performed by health professionals, the results of which do not justify the benefits or hazards and costs to the patient.
UI = D019564
Untranslated Regions
MS = The parts of the messenger RNA sequence that do not code for product, i.e. the 5' UNTRANSLATED REGIONS and 3' UNTRANSLATED REGIONS.
UI = D020506
3' Untranslated Regions
MS = The sequence at the 3' end of messenger RNA that does not code for product. This region contains transcription and translation regulating sequences.
UI = D020413
Up-Regulation (Physiology)
AN = "regulation" refers to ligand/receptor interactions; DF: UP REG
MS = Process that increases ligand/receptor interactions due to an increase in the number of available receptors.
UI = D015854
Urachal Cyst
AN = non-neoplastic; /blood supply /chem /secret /ultrastruct permitted; do not confuse with patent urachus (index under URACHUS /abnorm)
MS = Cyst occurring in a persistent portion of the urachus, presenting as an extraperitoneal mass in the umbilical region. It is characterized by abdominal pain, and fever if infected. It may rupture, leading to peritonitis, or it may drain through the umbilicus.
UI = D014496
Urachus
AN = a fetal canal connecting the bladder with the allantois; patent urachus: index under URACHUS /abnorm: do not confuse with URACHAL CYST
MS = The urinary canal of the fetus; postnatally it is usually a fibrous cord but occasionally persists as a vesicoumbilical fistula.
UI = D014497
Uracil
AN = /biosyn /physiol permitted; uracil deoxyriboside, uracil deoxyribonucleoside = DEOXYURIDINE; uracil riboside, uracil ribonucleoside = URIDINE
UI = D014498
Uracil Mustard
AN = a nitrogen mustard cpd & alkylating antineoplastic
MS = Nitrogen mustard derivative of URACIL. It is a alkylating antineoplastic agent that is used in lymphatic malignancies, and causes mainly gastrointestinal and bone marrow damage.
UI = D014499
Uracil Nucleotides
AN = /biosyn /physiol permitted
UI = D014500
Uranium
AN = naturally radioactive; IM
MS = Uranium. A radioactive element of the actinide series of metals. It has an atomic symbol U, atomic number 92, and atomic weight 238.03. U-235 is used as the fissionable fuel in nuclear weapons and as fuel in nuclear power reactors.
UI = D014501
Uranium Compounds
AN = inorganic; GEN or unspecified; prefer specifics; DF: URANIUM CPDS
MS = Inorganic compounds that contain uranium as an integral part of the molecule.
UI = D017974
Uranus
AN = 7th planet from sun with 5 moons; no qualif
MS = The seventh planet in order from the sun. It is one of the five outer planets of the solar system. It has five known natural satellites.
UI = D018540
Uranyl Nitrate
AN = used in photography & porcelain indust
MS = Bis(nitrato-O)dioxouranium. A compound used in photography and the porcelain industry. It causes severe renal insufficiency and renal tubular necrosis in mammals and is an effective lymphocyte mitogen.
UI = D014502
Urate Oxidase
MS = An enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of urate and unidentified products. It is a copper protein. The initial products decompose to form allantoin. EC 1.7.3.3.
UI = D014503
Urban Health
AN = specify geog CATALOG: /geog /form
MS = The status of health in urban populations.
UI = D014504
Urban Health Services
AN = IM; coord with specific health serv (IM); SUBURBAN HEALTH SERVICES is also available; DF: URBAN HEALTH SERV CATALOG: /geog /form
MS = Health services, public or private, in urban areas. The services include the promotion of health and the delivery of health care.
UI = D019037
Urban Population
AN = specify geog; URBAN HEALTH & URBAN HEALTH SERVICES are also available CATALOG: /geog /form
MS = The inhabitants of a city or town, including metropolitan areas and suburban areas.
UI = D014505
Urban Renewal
AN = Public Law 89-754; specify locale CATALOG: /geog /form
MS = The planned upgrading of a deteriorating urban area, involving rebuilding, renovation, or restoration. It frequently refers to programs of major demolition and rebuilding of blighted areas.
UI = D014506
Urbanization
AN = specify geog if pertinent CATALOG: /geog /form
MS = The process whereby a society changes from a rural to an urban way of life. It refers also to the gradual increase in the proportion of people living in urban areas.
UI = D014507
Urea
MS = A compound (CO(NH2)2), formed in the liver from ammonia produced by the deamination of amino acids. It is the principal end product of protein catabolism and constitutes about one half of the total urinary solids.
UI = D014508
Ureaplasma
AN = in mammalian urogenital tract; infection = UREAPLASMA INFECTIONS
MS = A genus of gram-negative, nonmotile bacteria which are common parasitic inhabitants of the urogenital tracts of man, cattle, dogs, and monkeys.
UI = D014509
Ureaplasma Infections
AN = gram-neg bact infect; DF: UREAPLASMA INFECT
MS = Infections with bacteria of the genus UREAPLASMA.
UI = D016869
Ureaplasma urealyticum
AN = in human genitourinary tract & other sites; infection: coord IM with UREAPLASMA INFECTIONS (IM)
MS = A species of gram-negative bacteria found in the human genitourinary tract, oropharynx, and anal canal.
UI = D016990
Urease
MS = An enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of urea and water to carbon dioxide and ammonia. EC 3.5.1.5.
UI = D014510
Uremia
AN = azotemia in foreign lit means often UREMIA & often BLOOD UREA NITROGEN
UI = D014511
Ureohydrolases
UI = D014512
Ureter
AN = do not confuse with URETHRA, espec in Romance lang: uretáere (French), urâeter (Span), uretere (Ital) = URETER, while uráetre (French), uretra (Span), uretra (Ital) = URETHRA; /surg: consider URETEROSTOMY & URINARY DIVERSION (TN 189: probably do not index under URETER); ureteral catheterization: coord NIM with URINARY CATHETERIZATION (IM)
MS = The fibromuscular tube which conveys the urine from the kidney to the bladder. It begins with the pelvis of the kidney and empties into the base of the bladder, being 16 to 18 inches long. It is divided into a pars abdominalis and a pars pelvina. (Dorland, 27th ed)
UI = D014513
Ureteral Calculi
AN = chem composition of calculi: use /chem; /ultrastruct permitted
MS = Calculi of the ureter. The calculus in the ureter is usually the result of the passage of one originating in the kidney. It occurs usually in mid-life, rarely in children; it occurs more frequently in males than females. (From CMIT, 5th ed)
UI = D014514
Ureteral Diseases
AN = do not confuse with URETHRAL DISEASES, espec in Romance lang: urâetâeral (French), ureteral (Span), ureterale (Ital) = "ureteral", while urâetral (French), uretral (Span), uretrale (Ital) = "urethral"
UI = D014515
Ureteral Neoplasms
AN = do not confuse with URETHRAL NEOPLASMS, espec in Romance lang: see note on "ureteral" & "urethral" under URETERAL DISEASES; /blood supply /chem /second /secret /ultrastruct permitted; coord IM with histol type of neopl (IM)
MS = Neoplasms or tumors of the ureter. Hematuria, which occurs in 75% of patients with ureteral carcinoma, is the most common presenting symptom. The most common site for the occurrence of a ureteral tumor is in the lower third of the ureter, with a lesser incidence higher up.
UI = D014516
Ureteral Obstruction
AN = do not confuse with URETHRAL OBSTRUCTION, espec in Romance lang: see note on "ureteral" & "urethral" under URETERAL DISEASES
UI = D014517
Ureterocele
AN = cystic dilat of ureter
MS = Cystic dilatation of the ureter with ballooning of the ureteral orifice into the lumen of the bladder.
UI = D014518
Ureteroscopy
AN = NIM; do not use /util except by MeSH definition
MS = Endoscopic examination of the ureter. It is used to localize, identify, and photograph pathologic alterations, to obtain biopsy material, and to perform other surgical interventions.
UI = D018666
Ureterostomy
AN = do not use /util except by MeSH definition
MS = Surgical formation of an opening in the ureter for external drainage of the urine; cutaneous route utilizes a ureteral orifice emerging through the skin.
UI = D014519
Urethane
AN = an antineoplastic & vet intravenous anesthetic
MS = Antineoplastic agent that is also used as a veterinary anesthetic. It has also been used as an intermediate in organic synthesis. Urethane is suspected to be a carcinogen.
UI = D014520
Urethra
AN = do not confuse with URETER, espec in Romance lang: see note on URETER; inflammation = URETHRITIS
UI = D014521
Urethral Diseases
AN = do not confuse with URETERAL DISEASES, espec in Romance lang: see note on "ureteral" & "urethral" under URETERAL DISEASES; inflamm dis = URETHRITIS
UI = D014522
Urethral Neoplasms
AN = do not confuse with URETERAL NEOPLASMS, espec in Romance lang: see note on "ureteral" & "urethral" under URETERAL DISEASES; /blood supply /chem /second /secret /ultrastruct permitted; coord IM with histol type of neopl (IM)
MS = Neoplasms or tumors of the urethra. This condition is relatively uncommon and is the only cancer of the urinary system that has a higher incidence rate in females than males. Squamous cell carcinoma is the most frequent histologic type.
UI = D014523
Urethral Obstruction
AN = do not confuse with URETERAL OBSTRUCTION, espec in Romance lang: see note on "ureteral" & "urethral" under URETERAL DISEASES; URETHRAL STRICTURE is also available
MS = Obstruction anywhere along the urethra.
UI = D014524
Urethral Stricture
AN = do not confuse with URETHRAL OBSTRUCTION
UI = D014525
Urethritis
AN = inflamm of the urethra
MS = Inflammation of the urethra. (Dorland, 27th ed)
UI = D014526
Uric Acid
UI = D014527
Uricosuric Agents
MS = Gout suppressants that act directly on the renal tubule to increase the excretion of uric acid, thus reducing its concentrations in plasma.
UI = D014528
Uridine
AN = /biosyn /physiol permitted
UI = D014529
Uridine Diphosphate
MS = Uridine 5'-(trihydrogen diphosphate). A uracil nucleotide containing two phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety. Synonyms: uridine pyrophosphate; URPP.
UI = D014530
Uridine Diphosphate Galactose
MS = A nucleoside diphosphate sugar which can be epimerized into UDPglucose for entry into the mainstream of carbohydrate metabolism. Serves as a source of galactose in the synthesis of lipopolysaccharides, cerebrosides, and lactose.
UI = D014531
Uridine Diphosphate Glucose
MS = A key intermediate in carbohydrate metabolism. Serves as a precursor of glycogen, can be metabolized into UDPgalactose and UDPglucuronic acid which can then be incorporated into polysaccharides as galactose and glucuronic acid. Also serves as a precursor of sucrose lipopolysaccharides, and glycosphingolipids.
UI = D014532
Uridine Diphosphate Glucose Dehydrogenase
AN = DF: note short X ref
MS = An enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of UDPglucose to UDPglucuronate in the presence of NAD+. EC 1.1.1.22.
UI = D014533
Uridine Diphosphate Glucuronic Acid
MS = A nucleoside diphosphate sugar which serves as a source of glucuronic acid for polysaccharide biosynthesis. It may also be epimerized to UDP iduronic acid, which donates iduronic acid to polysaccharides. In animals, UDP glucuronic acid is used for formation of many glucosiduronides with various aglycones.
UI = D014535
Uridine Diphosphate N-Acetylgalactosamine
MS = A nucleoside diphosphate sugar which serves as a source of N-acetylgalactosamine for glycoproteins, sulfatides and cerebrosides.
UI = D014536
Uridine Diphosphate N-Acetylglucosamine
MS = Serves as the biological precursor of insect chitin, of muramic acid in bacterial cell walls, and of sialic acids in mammalian glycoproteins.
UI = D014537
Uridine Diphosphate N-Acetylmuramic Acid
MS = A nucleoside diphosphate sugar which is formed from UDP-N-acetylglucosamine and phosphoenolpyruvate. It serves as the building block upon which peptidoglycan is formed.
UI = D014538
Uridine Diphosphate Sugars
UI = D014539
Uridine Diphosphate Xylose
MS = The decarboxylation product of UDPglucuronic acid, which is used for formation of the xylosides of seryl hydroxyl groups in mucoprotein synthesis. Also forms plant xylans.
UI = D014540
Uridine Kinase
MS = An enzyme that catalyzes the phosphorylation of uridine and cytidine to uridine 5'-phosphate and cytidine 5'-phosphate, respectively. ATP, dUTP, dGTP, and dATP are effective phosphate donors. EC 2.7.1.48.
UI = D014541
Uridine Monophosphate
MS = 5'-Uridylic acid. A uracil nucleotide containing one phosphate group esterified to the sugar moiety in the 2', 3' or 5' position.
UI = D014542
Uridine Phosphorylase
MS = An enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of ribose from uridine to orthophosphate, forming uracil and ribose 1-phosphate. EC 2.4.2.3.
UI = D014543
Uridine Triphosphate
MS = Uridine 5'-(tetrahydrogen triphosphate). A uracil nucleotide containing three phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety.
UI = D014544
Urinalysis
AN = GEN only; for urinalysis of specific substances in the urine prefer /urine
MS = Examination of urine by chemical, physical, or microscopic means. Routine urinalysis usually includes performing chemical screening tests, determining specific gravity, observing any unusual color or odor, screening for bacteriuria, and examining the sediment microscopically.
UI = D016482
Urinary Calculi
AN = calculus of any organ of the urinary tract; GEN or unspecified; consider BLADDER CALCULI, KIDNEY CALCULI, URETERAL CALCULI; chem composition of calculi: use /chem; /ultrastruct permitted
MS = Calculi in any part of the urinary tract. Vesical calculi (BLADDER CALCULI) are those found in the urinary bladder; renal calculi (KIDNEY CALCULI) are those found in the pelvis of the kidney. Types of urinary calculi are often classified by chemical composition or pattern of chemical composition distribution. Urinary calculi types include alternating or combination, cystine, decubitus, encysted, fibrin, hemp seed, matrix, mulberry, oxalate, struvite, urostealith, and xanthic calculi.
UI = D014545
Urinary Catheterization
AN = do not use /util except by MeSH definition; coord IM with specific site (NIM) if pertinent; DF: URINARY CATH
MS = Employment or passage of a catheter into the bladder (urethral c.) or kidney (ureteral c.) for therapeutic or diagnostic purposes.
UI = D014546
Urinary Diversion
AN = GEN or unspecified; note specifics in tree; if not in tree, coord IM with organ /surg (NIM); TN 189: do not coord with URETER; Manual 26.17.1; do not use /util except by MeSH defintion
MS = Temporary or permanent diversion of the flow of urine through the ureter away from the bladder in the presence of a bladder disease or after cystectomy. There is a variety of techniques: direct anastomosis of ureter and bowel, cutaneous ureterostomy, ileal, jejunal or colon conduit, ureterosigmoidostomy, etc. (From Campbell's Urology, 6th ed, p2654)
UI = D014547
Urinary Fistula
AN = abnorm passage in any organ of the urinary tract or between urinary organs & other organs; GEN or unspecified; coord IM with pre-coord urinary organ/diseases (IM); fistula policy: Manual 23.19+; BLADDER FISTULA & VESICOVAGINAL FISTULA are available
MS = An abnormal passage communicating with the urinary tract. (Dorland, 27th ed)
UI = D014548
Urinary Incontinence
UI = D014549
Urinary Incontinence, Stress
AN = stress refers to coughing, sneezing & other forces
MS = The involuntary discharge of urine as a result of anatomic displacement which exerts an opening pull on the bladder orifice. It often occurs during coughing or other forceful stresses. (From Dorland, 27th ed)
UI = D014550
Urinary Reservoirs, Continent
AN = to collect & store urine after urinary diversion surg; do not use /util except by MeSH definition
MS = Structures which collect and store urine and are emptied by catheterization of a cutaneous stoma or internal diversion to the urethra. The reservoirs are surgically created during procedures for urinary diversion.
UI = D016476
Urinary Retention
AN = inability to urinate caused by obstruction, drugs or psychogenic or neurogenic dis: do not confuse with ANURIA, total suppression of urine secretion by the kidneys
MS = Inability to urinate. The etiology of this disorder includes obstructive, neurogenic, pharmacologic, and psychogenic causes.
UI = D016055
Urinary Sphincter, Artificial
AN = /psychol permitted
MS = An artifical implanted device, usually in the form of an inflatable silicone cuff, inserted in or around the bladder neck in the surgical treatment of urinary incontinence caused by sphincter weakness. Often it is placed around the bulbous urethra in adult males. The artificial urinary sphincter is considered an alternative to urinary diversion.
UI = D016741
Urinary Tract
AN = GEN: prefer specific organ; /radiogr = UROGRAPHY but for general only: prefer /radiogr with specific organs of the urinary tract; /surg: consider also UROLOGIC SURGICAL PROCEDURES; dis = UROLOGIC DISEASES; neopl = UROLOGIC NEOPLASMS but prefer specifics
UI = D014551
Urinary Tract Infections
AN = infection in any organ of the urinary tract; GEN or unspecified; prefer specific organ/diseases coord with infection term; /drug ther: consider also ANTI-INFECTIVE AGENTS, URINARY
MS = Infections affecting those structures of the body which participate in the secretion and elimination of urine, i.e., the kidney, the ureters, the urinary bladder, and the urethra.
UI = D014552
Urinary Tract Physiology
AN = avoid: too general; DF: URINARY TRACT PHYSIOL
MS = Functions and activities of the urinary tract as a whole or of any of its parts.
UI = D014553
Urination
AN = urine volume: index under URINE probably NIM
UI = D014554
Urination Disorders
MS = Disorders in the frequency of urination, the volume of urine produced or eliminated, or the ability to retain or void urine in normal fashion.
UI = D014555
Urine
AN = GEN only: prefer /urine with higher animals, substances & diseases: Manual 19.7+, 19.8.79; for microbiol, see TN 190; urine volume: index under URINE probably NIM
UI = D014556
Urobilin
AN = a bile pigment; /biosyn /physiol permitted
UI = D014557
Urobilinogen
AN = a bile pigment; /biosyn /physiol permitted
MS = A colorless compound formed in the intestines by the reduction of bilirubin. Some is excreted in the feces where it is oxidized to urobilin. Some is reabsorbed and re-excreted in the bile as bilirubin. At times, it is re-excreted in the urine, where it may be later oxidized to urobilin.
UI = D014558
Urocanate Hydratase
MS = An enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of 4,5-dihydro-4-oxo-5-imidazolepropanoate to urocanate and water. EC 4.2.1.49.
UI = D014559
Urocanic Acid
MS = 4-Imidazoleacrylic acid.
UI = D014560
Urochordata
MS = A subphylum of chordates intermediate between the invertebrates and the true vertebrates. It includes the Ascidians.
UI = D014561
Urodela
AN = includes SALAMANDERS (note X ref below), mudpuppies ( = NECTURUS & specific) & NEWTS ( = SALAMANDRIDAE & specifics); NIM when exper animal: no qualif; when IM, qualif permitted
MS = An order of the Amphibia class which includes salamanders and newts. They are characterized by usually having slim bodies and tails, four limbs of about equal size (except in Sirenidae), and a reduction in skull bones.
UI = D014562
Urodynamics
AN = same relation to URINARY TRACT that HEMODYNAMICS is to CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM; urine volume: index under URINE probably NIM
MS = The mechanical laws of fluid dynamics as they apply to urine transport.
UI = D014563
Urogenital Abnormalities
AN = for congen struct abnorm only; must be both uro + genital; GEN or unspecified; prefer specifics or specific parts of urogenital system /abnorm; do not use /congen & do not coord with INFANT, NEWBORN, DISEASES; DF: UROGENITAL ABNORM CATALOG: do not use /in inf
MS = Congenital structural abnormalities of the urogenital system.
UI = D014564
Urogenital Diseases
AN = GEN or unspecified but must be both uro + genital.
MS = Diseases of the urogenital tract.
UI = D016146
Urogenital Neoplasms
AN = GEN or unspecified but must be both uro + genital: prefer specific precoord; /blood supply /chem /second /secret /ultrastruct permitted; coord IM with histol type of neopl (IM)
MS = Neoplasms of the urogenital tract.
UI = D014565
Urogenital Surgical Procedures
AN = avoid: too inclusive; prefer GYNECOLOGIC SURGICAL PROCEDURES & specifics or UROLOGIC SURGICAL PROCEDURES & specifics or UROLOGIC SURGICAL PROCEDURES, MALE & specifics; consider also UROGENITAL SYSTEM /surg or /surg with specific urogenital syst terms; also UROLOGIC DISEASES /surg or /surg with specific urol dis; DF: UROGENITAL SURG PROCEDURES
MS = Surgery performed on the urinary tract or its organs and on the male or female genitalia.
UI = D013519
Urologic Surgical Procedures
AN = GEN or unspecified; prefer specifics; UROLOGIC SURGICAL PROCEDURES, MALE is also available; DF: UROL SURG PROCEDURES
MS = Surgery performed on the urinary tract or its parts in the male or female. For surgery of the male genitalia, UROLOGIC SURGICAL PROCEDURES, MALE is available.
UI = D013520
Urologic Surgical Procedures, Male
AN = surg of male genitalia; GEN or unspecified; prefer specifics; consider also GENITALIA, MALE /surg or /surg with specific genital terms; also GENITAL DISEASES, MALE /surg or /surg with specific male genital dis; check the tag MALE; DF: UROL SURG PROCEDURES MALE
MS = Surgery performed on the male genitalia.
UI = D013521
Urogenital System
AN = must be both uro + genital; GEN or unspecified; prefer specifics; /abnorm: note see ref but consider also specific urogenital organs with /abnorm; /radiogr: note see ref but consider also specific urogenital organs with /abnorm; /surg: consider also UROGENITAL SURGICAL PROCEDURES
MS = The organs concerned in the production and excretion of urine, together with the organs of reproduction. (Dorland, 28th ed)
UI = D014566
Urography
AN = GEN only: prefer specific organ with /radiogr; NIM; /drug eff /rad eff permitted; do not use /util except by MeSH definition; DF: UROGR
MS = Radiography of any part of the urinary tract.
UI = D014567
Urokinase
AN = a serine proteinase & plasminogen activator
MS = Proteolytic enzyme that converts plasminogen to plasmin where the preferential cleavage is between arginine and valine. It was isolated originally from human urine, but is found in most tissues of most vertebrates. Urokinase is used in the therapy of thromboembolic conditions.
UI = D014568
Urologic and Male Genital Diseases
AN = not used for indexing; DF:UROL MALE GENITAL DIS CATALOG: do not use
MS = A collective term for urinary tract diseases in male and female and diseases of the male genitalia.
UI = D014569
Urologic Diseases
AN = urinary tract dis only: do not confuse with UROGENITAL DISEASES which is uro + genital; GEN or unspecified: prefer specifics; /diag: consider also DIAGNOSTIC TECHNIQUES, UROLOGICAL; DF: UROL DIS CATALOG: form qualif permitted
MS = Diseases of the urinary tract in both male and female. It does not include the male genitalia for which UROGENITAL DISEASES is used for general discussions of diseases of both the urinary tract and the genitalia.
UI = D014570
Urologic Neoplasms
AN = neopl of urinary tract only: do not confuse with UROGENITAL NEOPLASMS which is uro + genital; GEN or unspecified: prefer specifics BLADDER NEOPLASMS, KIDNEY NEOPLASMS, URETERAL NEOPLASMS or URETHRAL NEOPLASMS; coord IM with histol type of neopl (IM); /blood supply /chem /second /secret /ultrastruct permitted; DF: UROL NEOPL
MS = Neoplasms of the urinary tract in both male and female. It does not include the male genitalia for which UROGENITAL NEOPLASMS is used for general discussions of neoplasms of both the urinary tract and the genitalia.
UI = D014571
Urology
AN = SPEC: SPEC qualif; DF: UROL
MS = A surgical specialty concerned with the study, diagnosis, and treatment of diseases of the urinary tract in both sexes and the genital tract in the male. It includes the specialty of andrology which addresses both male genital diseases and male infertility.
UI = D014572
Urology Department, Hospital
AN = DF: UROL DEP
MS = Hospital department responsible for the administration and provision of diagnostic and therapeutic services for the urologic patient.
UI = D014573
Uronic Acids
MS = Acids derived from monosaccharides by the oxidation of the terminal (-CH2OH) group farthest removed from the carbonyl group to a (-COOH) group. (From Stedmans, 26th ed)
UI = D014574
Uroporphyrinogen Decarboxylase
MS = One of the enzymes active in heme biosynthesis. It catalyzes the decarboxylation of uroporphyrinogen III to coproporphyrinogen III by the conversion of four acetic acid groups to four methyl groups. EC 4.1.1.37.
UI = D014575
Uroporphyrinogen-III Synthase
MS = An enzyme that catalyzes the cyclization of hydroxymethylbilane to yield uroporphyrinogen III and water. EC 4.2.1.75.
UI = D014576
Uroporphyrinogens
AN = porphyrins
MS = Porphyrinogens which are intermediates in heme biosynthesis. They have four acetic acid and four propionic acid side chains attached to the pyrrole rings. Uroporphyrinogen I and III are formed from polypyrryl methane in the presence of uroporphyrinogen III cosynthetase and uroporphyrin I synthetase, respectively. They can yield uroporphyrins by autooxidation or coproporphyrinogens by decarboxylation.
UI = D014577
Uroporphyrins
AN = porphyrins
MS = Porphyrins with four acetic acid and four propionic acid side chains attached to the pyrrole rings.
UI = D014578
Urotensins
AN = antihypertensives; from urophyses of fish; /biosyn /physiol permitted
MS = Teleost hormones. A family of small peptides isolated from urophyses of bony fishes. They have many different physiological effects, including long-lasting hypotensive activity and have been proposed as antihypertensives. There are at least four different compounds: urotensin I, urotensin II, urotensin III, and urotensin IV.
UI = D014579
Urothelium
AN = a layer of epithelium in parts of the urinary tract; IM GEN only; coord NIM with specific urinary organ (IM) but not URINARY TRACT
MS = A layer of transitional epithelium in the wall of the bladder, ureter, and renal pelvis, external to the lamina propria. (Dorland, 28th ed)
UI = D019459
Ursodeoxycholic Acid
AN = a bile acid; /biosyn /defic /physiol permitted; urso- refers to its first isol from bears (Latin ursus)
MS = An epimer of chenodeoxycholic acid. It is a mammalian bile acid found first in the bear and is apparently either a precursor or a product of chenodeoxycholate. Its administration changes the composition of bile and may dissolve gallstones. It is used as a cholagogue and choleretic.
UI = D014580
Urticaria
AN = a form of immediate hypersensitivity; note X ref
MS = A vascular reaction of the skin characterized by erythema and wheal formation due to localized increase of vascular permeability. The causative mechanism may be allergy, infection, or stress.
UI = D014581
Urticaria Pigmentosa
AN = a pigmentation disord; most common form of mastocytosis
MS = The most common form of mastocytosis. It occurs primarily in children and is typically characterized by multiple persistent small, reddish-brown, hyperpigmented, pruritic macules and papules. They are located most commonly on the trunk, but seen also on the extremities, head, and neck. (Dorland, 27th ed)
UI = D014582
Uruguay
UI = D014583
User-Computer Interface
AN = IM; no qualif
MS = The portion of an interactive computer program that issues messages to and receives commands from a user.
UI = D014584
Uses of Chemicals and Drugs
AN = not used for indexing CATALOG: do not use
MS = The modes of utilization of various chemical products.
UI = D020313
USSR
AN = GEN; each former Soviet republic is available as a heading; MOSCOW is also available; note spelling: no periods
UI = D014586
Ustilaginales
AN = an order of basidiomycetes; parasitic on grasses & corn
MS = An order of basidiomycetous fungi; some species are parasitic on grasses and maize.
UI = D014587
Ustilago
AN = a basidiomycete representing the smuts
MS = A genus of basidiomycetous smut fungi comprising the loose smuts.
UI = D014588
Utah
UI = D014589
Uterine Contraction
AN = qualif permitted as for LABOR; /drug eff: consider also OXYTOCICS & TOCOLYTIC AGENTS
MS = Contraction of the uterine muscle.
UI = D014590
Uterine Diseases
AN = inflamm dis = ENDOMETRITIS
UI = D014591
Uterine Hemorrhage
AN = "vaginal bleeding" usually refers to uterine bleeding through the vagina & goes here but check text for bleeding from vaginal inj, vaginal dis, vaginal tumors, etc (index under proper VAGINA term)
MS = The escape of blood from vessels in the uterus. (From Dorland, 28th ed)
UI = D014592
Uterine Inertia
AN = failure of uterus to contract during labor; includes "atony"; check tags FEMALE and PREGNANCY
MS = Failure of the uterus to contract with normal strength and duration and at normal intervals during labor. It is also called uterine atony.
UI = D014593
Uterine Inversion
AN = do not confuse with UTERINE PROLAPSE
MS = A turning of the uterus inside out, whereby the fundus is forced through the cervix and protrudes into or outside of the vagina. (Dorland, 28th ed)
UI = D019687
Uterine Monitoring
AN = do not use /util except by MeSH definition
MS = Measurement or recording of contraction activity of the uterine muscle. It is used to determine progress of labor and assess status of pregnancy. It is also used in conjunction with FETAL MONITORING to determine fetal response to stress of maternal uterine contractions.
UI = D018590
Uterine Neoplasms
AN = fibroma = LEIOMYOMA (IM) + UTERINE NEOPLASMS (IM); /blood supply /chem /second /secret /ultrastruct permitted; coord IM with histol type of neopl (IM); CERVIX NEOPLASMS & ENDOMETRIAL NEOPLASMS are available
MS = Neoplasms of the uterus.
UI = D014594
Uterine Perforation
MS = Penetration through the uterine wall.
UI = D014595
Uterine Prolapse
AN = downward displacement of uterus; do not confuse with UTERINE INVERSION
MS = Downward displacement of the uterus. It is classified in various degrees: in the first degree the cervix is within the vaginal orifice; in the second degree the cervix is outside the orifice; in the third degree the entire uterus is outside the orifice.
UI = D014596
Uterine Rupture
AN = spontaneous or traumatic but do not coord with RUPTURE or RUPTURE, SPONTANEOUS
MS = A tearing of uterine tissue; it may be traumatic or spontaneous due to multiple pregnancy, large fetus, previous scarring, or obstruction.
UI = D014597
Uteroglobin
AN = a glycoprotein in pregnant uterine fluid; /biosyn /physiol permitted
MS = A protein fraction of pregnant uterine fluid which can induce and regulate blastocystic development. Blastokinin is thought to be similar or identical to uteroglobin. Presence in uterine fluid regulated by progesterone.
UI = D014598
Uteroplacental Circulation
AN = DF: UTEROPLACENTAL CIRC
MS = The circulation of blood through the uterus and placenta.
UI = D018405
Uterus
AN = /blood supply: consider UTEROPLACENTAL CIRCULATION; /surg: consider HYSTERECTOMY; inflammation = ENDOMETRITIS; uterine inversion: index under UTERINE DISEASES, not UTERINE PROLAPSE
UI = D014599
Utilization Review
AN = DF: UTIL REV
MS = An organized procedure carried out through committees to review admissions, duration of stay, professional services furnished, and to evaluate the medical necessity of those services and promote their most efficient use.
UI = D014600
Utopias
UI = D014601
UTP-Hexose-1-Phosphate Uridylyltransferase
AN = /defic: consider also GALACTOSEMIA
MS = An enzyme that catalyzes the synthesis of UDPgalactose from UTP and galactose-1-phosphate. It is present in low levels in fetal and infant liver, but increases with age, thereby enabling galactosemic infants who survive to develop the capacity to metabolize galactose. EC 2.7.7.10.
UI = D005694
UTP-Glucose-1-Phosphate Uridylyltransferase
MS = An enzyme that catalyzes the formation of UDPglucose from UTP plus glucose 1-phosphate. EC 2.7.7.9.
UI = D005957
Uukuniemi Group Viruses
AN = a group of viruses of the genus Phlebovirus; Uukunieme is in Finland
MS = A group of viruses in the genus PHLEBOVIRUS of the family BUNYAVIRIDAE, infecting vertebrates and vectored by ticks. Its members have not been associated with human disease though antibodies have been isolated from human sera.
UI = D018066
Uvea
AN = anterior uvea = IRIS + CILIARY BODY, posterior uvea = CHOROID; uveal neopl = UVEAL NEOPLASMS; anterior uveal neopl = UVEAL NEOPLASMS (IM) + CILIARY BODY (IM) + IRIS NEOPLASMS (IM), posterior uveal neopl = CHOROID NEOPLASMS; inflammation = UVEITIS & many specifics
MS = The pigmented vascular coat of the eyeball, consisting of the CHOROID, CILIARY BODY, and IRIS, which are continuous with each other. (Cline et al., Dictionary of Visual Science, 4th ed)
UI = D014602
Uveal Diseases
AN = inflamm dis = UVEITIS & specifics
MS = Diseases of the uvea.
UI = D014603
Uveal Neoplasms
AN = /blood supply /chem /second /secret /ultrastruct permitted; coord IM with histol type of neopl (IM); CHOROID NEOPLASMS & IRIS NEOPLASMS are also available
UI = D014604
Uveitis
AN = inflamm of uvea; GEN: prefer specifics
MS = Inflammation of part or all of the uvea, the middle (vascular) tunic of the eye, and commonly involving the other tunics (sclera and cornea, and the retina). (Dorland, 27th ed)
UI = D014605
Uveitis, Anterior
AN = inflammation of both the iris & ciliary body; of iris alone = IRITIS, of ciliary body alone = CILIARY BODY (IM) + UVEITIS, ANTERIOR (IM)
MS = Inflammation of the anterior uvea comprising the iris, angle structures, and the ciliary body. Manifestations of this disorder include ciliary injection, exudation into the anterior chamber, iris changes, and adhesions between the iris and lens (posterior synechiae). Intraocular pressure may be increased or reduced.
UI = D014606
Uveitis, Intermediate
AN = inflammation of pars plana, ciliary body & adjacent structures; of pars plana alone = PARS PLANITIS; of ciliary body alone = CILIARY BODY (IM) + UVEITIS, ANTERIOR (IM)
MS = Inflammation of the pars plana, ciliary body, and adjacent structures.
UI = D015867
Uveitis, Posterior
AN = inflammation of the choroid, retina & vitreous body; of choroid alone = CHOROIDITIS; of choroid + retina = CHORIORETINITIS; of vitreous body alone = VITREOUS BODY (IM) + EYE DISEASES (NIM)
MS = Inflammation of the choroid as well as the retina and vitreous body. Some form of visual disturbance is usually present. The most important characteristics of posterior uveitis are vitreous opacities, choroiditis, and chorioretinitis.
UI = D015866
Uveitis, Suppurative
AN = coord IM with specific bacterial or fungal infect (IM)
MS = Intraocular infection caused mainly by pus-producing bacteria and rarely by fungi. The infection may be caused by an injury or surgical wound (exogenous) or by endogenous septic emboli in such diseases as bacterial endocarditis or meningococcemia.
UI = D015829
Uveomeningoencephalitic Syndrome
AN = uveitis, iritis, glaucoma, meningoencephalitis & other dis; DF: UVEOMENINGOENCEPH SYNDROME
MS = Disease characterized by bilateral uveitis with iritis and secondary glaucoma, premature alopecia, symmetrical vitiligo, and hearing disorders, and accompanied by meningeal signs.
UI = D014607
Uveoparotid Fever
AN = a manifest of sarcoidosis
MS = A manifestation of sarcoidosis marked by chronic inflammation of the parotid gland and the uvea.
UI = D014608
Uvula
UI = D014609
Uzbekistan
UI = D014610