Glossary of Bio-Medical Terms
V
RETURN TO INDEX Vaccination
AN = do not use /util except by MeSH definition; Manual 26.22.2.2+; for prev only: coord IM with dis /prev (IM); for ther, index under IMMUNOTHERAPY or specific vaccine /ther use
MS = Administration of vaccines to stimulate the host's immune response. This includes any preparation intended for active immunological prophylaxis.
UI = D014611
Vaccines
AN = GEN: prefer specifics; prev use = VACCINES or specific vaccine (IM) + disease /prev (IM)
MS = Suspensions of killed or attenuated microorganisms (bacteria, viruses, fungi, or rickettsiae), or of antigenic proteins derived from them, administered for the prevention, amelioration, or treatment of infectious diseases. (Dorland, 28th ed)
UI = D014612
Vaccines, Attenuated
AN = live vaccine; coord NIM with specific vaccine (IM)
MS = Live vaccines prepared from microorganisms which have undergone physical adaptation (e.g., by radiation or temperature conditioning) or serial passage in laboratory animal hosts or infected tissue/cell cultures, in order to produce avirulent mutant strains capable of inducing protective immunity.
UI = D014613
Vaccines, Combined
AN = "2 or more vaccines in a single dosage form"; coord NIM with specific vaccines (IM)
MS = Two or more vaccines in a single dosage form.
UI = D017778
Vaccines, Conjugate
AN = "induce antibody formation in people not responsive to polysaccharide alone"; semisynthetic vaccines; coord NIM with specific vaccine (IM)
MS = Semisynthetic vaccines consisting of polysaccharide antigens from microorganisms attached to protein carrier molecules. The carrier protein is recognized by macrophages and T-cells thus enhancing immunity. Conjugate vaccines induce antibody formation in people not responsive to polysaccharide alone, induce higher levels of antibody, and show a booster response on repeated injection.
UI = D018074
Vaccines, DNA
AN = vaccines composed of recombinant DNA vectors encoding antigens
MS = Recombinant DNA vectors encoding antigens administered for the prevention or treatment of disease. The host cells take up the DNA, express the antigen, and present it to the immune system in a manner similar to that which would occur during natural infection. This induces humoral and cellular immune responses against the encoded antigens. The vector is called naked DNA because there is no need for complex formulations or delivery agents; the plasmid is injected in saline or other buffers.
UI = D019444
Vaccines, Inactivated
AN = coord NIM with specific vaccine (IM)
MS = Vaccines in which the infectious microbial nucleic acid components have been destroyed by chemical or physical treatment (e.g., formalin, beta-propiolactone, gamma radiation) without affecting the antigenicity or immunogenicity of the viral coat or bacterial outer membrane proteins.
UI = D015164
Vaccines, Synthetic
AN = coord IM with specific vaccine (IM) or specific disease (IM)
MS = Small synthetic peptides that mimic surface antigens of pathogens and are immunogenic, or vaccines manufactured with the aid of recombinant DNA techniques. The latter vaccines may also be whole viruses whose nucleic acids have been modified.
UI = D014614
Vaccinia
AN = caused by a poxvirus after smallpox vaccination
MS = The cutaneous and occasional systemic reactions associated with vaccination using smallpox (variola) vaccine.
UI = D014615
Vaccinia Virus
AN = a species of Orthopoxvirus; infection = VACCINIA
MS = The type species of ORTHOPOXVIRUS, related to COWPOX VIRUS, but whose true origin is unknown. It has been used as a live vaccine against smallpox. It is also used as a vector for inserting foreign DNA into animals. Rabbitpox virus is a subspecies of vaccinia virus.
UI = D014616
Vacuoles
AN = A 11 qualif except /cytol; /genet permitted
MS = Any spaces or cavities within a cell. They may function in digestion, storage, secretion, or excretion.
UI = D014617
Vacuum
AN = almost never IM; no qualif
MS = A space in which the pressure is far below atmospheric pressure so that the remaining gases do not affect processes being carried on in the space.
UI = D014618
Vacuum Curettage
AN = do not use /util except by MeSH definition
MS = Aspiration of the contents of the uterus with a vacuum curette.
UI = D014619
Vacuum Extraction, Obstetrical
AN = removal of fetus from uterus at delivery; do not use /util except by MeSH definition
MS = Removal of the fetus from the uterus or vagina at or near the end of pregnancy with a metal traction cup that is attached to the fetus' head. Negative pressure is applied and traction is made on a chain passed through the suction tube. (From Stedman, 26th ed & Dorland, 28th ed)
UI = D014620
Vagina
AN = "vaginal bleeding" is probably UTERINE HEMORRHAGE but check text; inflammation = VAGINITIS
MS = The genital canal in the female, extending from the uterus to the vulva. (Stedman, 25th ed)
UI = D014621
Vaginal Birth after Cesarean
AN = DF: VBAC
MS = Delivery of an infant through the vagina in a female who has had a prior cesarean section.
UI = D016064
Vaginal Creams, Foams and Jellies
AN = IM for general only; D25-26 qualif; NIM when specific drug is IM, no qualif; DF: VAGINAL CREAMS
MS = Medicated dosage forms for topical application in the vagina. A cream is a semisolid emulsion containing suspended or dissolved medication; a foam is a dispersion of a gas in a medicated liquid resulting in a light, frothy mass; a jelly is a colloidal semisolid mass of a water soluble medicated material, usually translucent. The concept includes vaginal creams, foams, and jellies in general or for which there is no other specific heading.
UI = D014622
Vaginal Discharge
AN = note category; nonbloody; IM; coord with cause of discharge (IM)
MS = A common gynecologic disorder characterized by an abnormal, nonbloody discharge from the genital tract.
UI = D019522
Vaginal Diseases
AN = inflamm dis = VAGINITIS
UI = D014623
Vaginal Fistula
AN = abnorm passage in vagina or between vagina & another organ; fistula policy: Manual 23.19+; RECTOVAGINAL FISTULA & VESICOVAGINAL FISTULA are available
MS = An abnormal passage communicating with the vagina.
UI = D014624
Vaginal Neoplasms
AN = /blood supply /chem /second /secret /ultrastruct permitted; coord IM with histol type of neopl (IM)
UI = D014625
Vaginal Smears
AN = do not use /util except by MeSH definition; note X ref CERVICAL SMEARS: do not coord with CERVIX UTERI; X ref PAPANICOLAOU SMEAR: when called Pap smears, capitalize Pap in titles & translations
MS = Collection of pooled secretions of the posterior vaginal fornix for cytologic examination.
UI = D014626
Vaginitis
AN = TRICHOMONAS VAGINITIS is also available
MS = Inflammation of the vagina characterized by pain and a purulent discharge.
UI = D014627
Vaginosis, Bacterial
AN = coord IM with specific bacterium/infections heading (IM) or specific bacterium (IM) if no precoord bact/infect term exists; DF: VAGINOSIS BACT
MS = Polymicrobial, nonspecific vaginitis associated with positive cultures of Gardnerella vaginalis and other anaerobic organisms and a decrease in lactobacilli. It remains unclear whether the initial pathogenic event is caused by the growth of anaerobes or a primary decrease in lactobacilli.
UI = D016585
Vagotomy
AN = do not use /util except by MeSH definition
MS = The interruption or removal of any part of the vagus (10th cranial) nerve. Vagotomy may be performed for research or for therapeutic purposes.
UI = D014628
Vagotomy, Proximal Gastric
AN = do not use /util except by MeSH definition; also called "highly selective vagotomy", "hyperselective", "superselective", "supraselective", "ultraselective"
MS = Vagal denervation of that part of the stomach lined with acid secreting mucosa. Since the procedure leaves the vagal branches to the antrum and pylorus intact, it circumvents gastric drainage required with truncal vagotomy techniques.
UI = D014629
Vagotomy, Truncal
AN = do not use /util except by MeSH definition
MS = Bilateral dissection of the abdominal branches of the vagus nerve. It is used frequently in the surgical management of duodenal and gastric ulcers, as well as in physiologic studies of gastrointestinal secretion and motility.
UI = D015167
Vagus Nerve
AN = 10th cranial nerve; dis: coord IM with CRANIAL NERVE DISEASES (IM); neopl: coord IM with CRANIAL NERVE NEOPLASMS (IM) + histol type of neopl (IM); /surg: probably VAGOTOMY
MS = The 10th cranial nerve. The vagus is a mixed nerve which contains somatic afferents (from skin in back of the ear and the external auditory meatus), visceral afferents (from the pharynx, larynx, thorax, and abdomen), parasympathetic efferents (to the thorax and abdomen), and efferents to striated muscle (of the larynx and pharynx).
UI = D014630
Valerates
AN = 2-propylvalerate, 2-propylvaleric acid = VALPROATE
UI = D014631
Valerian
AN = formerly used in ther of hysteria & neuroses, now in ther of sleep disord
MS = Valeriana officinale, an ancient, sedative herb of the large family Valerianaceae. The roots were formerly used to treat hysterias and other neurotic states and are presently used to treat sleep disorders.
UI = D014632
Valine
AN = an essential amino acid; /biosyn /defic /physiol permitted
UI = D014633
Valinomycin
AN = an ionophore & peptide antibiotic
MS = A cyclododecadepsipeptide ionophore antibiotic produced by Streptomyces fulvissimus and related to the enniatins. It is composed of 3 moles each of L-valine, D-alpha-hydroxyisovaleric acid, D-valine, and L-lactic acid linked alternately to form a 36-membered ring. (From Merck Index, 11th ed) Valinomycin is a potassium selective ionophore and is commonly used as a tool in biochemical studies.
UI = D014634
Valproic Acid
AN = an anticonvulsant
MS = A fatty acid with anticonvulsant properties used in the treatment of epilepsy. The mechanisms of its therapeutic actions are not well understood. It may act by increasing GABA levels in the brain or by altering the properties of voltage dependent sodium channels.
UI = D014635
Valsalva's Maneuver
AN = "forced expiratory effort against a closed airway"
MS = Forced expiratory effort against a closed airway. It is used to study cardiovascular effects of increased peripheral venous pressure and decreased cardiac filling and output.
UI = D014636
Valine-tRNA Ligase
MS = An enzyme that activates valine with its specific transfer RNA. EC 6.1.1.9
UI = D014637
Vanadates
AN = enzyme inhib
MS = Oxyvanadium ions in various states of oxidation. They act primarily as ion transport inhibitors due to their inhibition of Na(+)-, K(+)-, and Ca(+)-ATPase transport systems. They also have insulin-like action, positive inotropic action on cardiac ventricular muscle, and other metabolic effects.
UI = D014638
Vanadium
AN = a trace element; V-51; V-50 = VANADIUM (IM) + ISOTOPES (NIM); V-46-49, 52-54 = VANADIUM (IM) + RADIOISOTOPES (IM)
MS = Vanadium. A metallic element with the atomic symbol V, atomic number 23, and atomic weight 50.94. It is used in the manufacture of vanadium steel. Prolonged exposure can lead to chronic intoxication caused by absorption usually via the lungs.
UI = D014639
Vanadium Compounds
AN = inorganic; GEN or unspecified; prefer specifics; DF: VANADIUM CPDS
MS = Inorganic compounds that contain vanadium as an integral part of the molecule.
UI = D017968
Vancomycin
AN = a glycopeptide antibiotic; do not confuse with trade name Vancomin, a vitamin B12 deriv
MS = Antibacterial obtained from Streptomyces orientalis. It is a glycopeptide related to RISTOCETIN that inhibits bacterial cell wall assembly and is toxic to kidneys and the inner ear.
UI = D014640
Vanillic Acid
MS = A flavoring agent. It is the intermediate product in the two-step bioconversion of ferulic acid to vanillin. (J Biotechnol 1996;50(2-3):107-13).
UI = D014641
Vanilmandelic Acid
UI = D014642
Vanuatu
AN = an island group in Melanesia; X ref NEW HEBRIDES was its former name
MS = A republic consisting of an island group in Melanesia, in the southwest Pacific Ocean. Its capital is Port-Vila. It was called New Hebrides until 1980. It was discovered in 1606 by the Portuguese, forgotten for 160 years, then visited by Bougainville in 1768 and Captain Cook in 1774. It was under joint British and French administration from 1906 until it became independent in 1980 under the name of Vanuatu. The name is native, meaning our land. (From Webster's New Geographical Dictionary, 1988, p833 & Room, Brewer's Dictionary of Names, 1992, p570)
UI = D009514
Variant Surface Glycoproteins, Trypanosoma
AN = /drug eff /ultrastruct permitted; DF: VSG TRYPAN
MS = Glycoproteins attached to the surface coat of the trypanosome. Many of these glycoproteins show amino acid sequence diversity expressed as antigenic variations. This continuous development of antigenically distinct variants in the course of infection ensures that some trypanosomes always survive the development of immune response to propagate the infection.
UI = D014643
Variation (Genetics)
AN = DF: VARIATION
MS = The phenotypic differences among individuals in a population.
UI = D014644
Varicellovirus
AN = a genus of the subfamily Alphaherpesvirinae; infection: coord IM with HERPESVIRIDAE INFECTIONS (IM)
MS = A genus of the family HERPESVIRIDAE, subfamily ALPHAHERPESVIRINAE. Its species include those causing CHICKENPOX and HERPES ZOSTER in humans (HERPESVIRUS 3, HUMAN), as well as several animal viruses.
UI = D018140
Varicocele
AN = abnorm dilat of veins of the spermatic cord
MS = A varicose condition of the veins of the pampiniform plexus, forming a swelling that feels like a "bag of worms," appearing bluish through the skin of the scrotum, and accompanied by a constant pulling, dragging, or dull pain in the scrotum. (Dorland, 27th ed)
UI = D014646
Varicose Ulcer
AN = assume to be of legs & do not coord with LEG ULCER
MS = Ulcer due to varicose veins. Chronic venous insufficiency in the deep veins of the legs leads to shunting the venous return into the superficial veins, in which pressure and flow rate, as well as oxygen content, are increased.
UI = D014647
Varicose Veins
AN = assume to be of legs so do not coord with LEG; other sites: coord VARICOSE VEINS (IM) + organ /blood supply (IM), not organ/dis, as orbit varix = VARICOSE VEINS (IM) + ORBIT /blood supply (IM) (not ORBITAL DISEASES)
UI = D014648
Variola Virus
AN = a poxvirus; infection = SMALLPOX
MS = A species of ORTHOPOXVIRUS causing infections in humans. No infections have been reported since 1977 and the virus is now believed to be virtually extinct.
UI = D012901
Vas Deferens
AN = /surg: consider also VASECTOMY
MS = Duct carrying spermatozoa. (From Dorland, 28th ed)
UI = D014649
Vasa Nervorum
MS = Blood vessels supplying the nerves.
UI = D014650
Vasa Vasorum
MS = Nutrient blood vessels which supply the walls of large arteries or veins.
UI = D014651
Vascular Capacitance
AN = relat between blood volume & pressure on vasc walls; do not confuse with VASCULAR RESISTANCE, opposition to blood flow in a vasc bed: read MeSH definitions
MS = The relationship between the volume of blood contained within a segment of vasculature and the pressure distending the vascular walls over a wide range of pressures and volumes. The veins of the body are not only conduits for the return of blood to the right heart, but they also determine most of the vascular capacitance and contain most of the blood volume. Changes in vascular capacitance provide a quick and effective mechanism for the filling of the right heart, thereby influencing cardiac output. Vascular capacitance is somewhat analogous to VASCULAR RESISTANCE but whereas VASCULAR RESISTANCE relates to flow through a blood vessel, vascular capacitance relates to the volume contained in it. (From Encyclopedia of Human Biology, vol. 7, 1991, p757 & communication from the author Dr. Carl R. Rothe 15 September 1994)
UI = D018924
Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1
AN = a cell adhesion molecule & CD antigen; DF: note short X refs
MS = Cytokine-induced cell adhesion molecule present on activated endothelial cells, tissue macrophages, dendritic cells, bone marrow fibroblasts, myoblasts, and myotubes. It is important for the recruitment of leukocytes to sites of inflammation. (From Pigott & Power, The Adhesion Molecule FactsBook, 1993, p154)
UI = D019010
Vascular Diseases
AN = GEN or unspecified vasc dis but CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES, CEREBROVASCULAR DISORDERS & PERIPHERAL VASCULAR DISEASES are also available; inflamm vasc dis = VASCULITIS; vasc compression syndrome: see note on PERIPHERAL VASCULAR DISEASES
UI = D014652
Vascular Fistula
AN = abnorm passage in blood vessel; GEN or unspecified; prefer ARTERIO-ARTERIAL FISTULA or ARTERIOVENOUS FISTULA; fistula policy: Manual 23.19+
MS = An abnormal passage in a blood vessel, between two or more arteries, or between an artery and a vein.
UI = D016157
Vascular Headache
AN = throbbing headache from abnorm pulsation of cranial arteries
MS = Throbbing headache due to abnormal pulsation of cranial arteries.
UI = D014653
Vascular Neoplasms
AN = neopl located in veins & arteries: do not confuse with NEOPLASMS, VASCULAR TISSUE, neopl composed of vascular tissue; /blood supply /chem /secret /second /ultrastruct permitted; coord IM with specific vessel (IM) + histol type of neopl (IM); DF: VASCULAR NEOPL
MS = Neoplasms located in vascular tissue or specific veins. They are differentiated from NEOPLASMS, VASCULAR TISSUE which are neoplasms composed of vascular tissue, such as ANGIOFIBROMA or HEMANGIOMA.
UI = D019043
Vascular Patency
MS = The condition of blood vessels not being blocked or obstructed.
UI = D014654
Vascular Resistance
AN = opposition to blood flow in a vasc bed; do not confuse with VASCULAR CAPACITANCE, blood volume within a vessel
MS = An expression of the resistance offered by the systemic arterioles, and to a lesser extent by the capillaries, to the flow of blood.
UI = D014655
Vascular Surgical Procedures
AN = GEN only: prefer specific blood vessel /surg; SPEC: SPEC qualif
MS = Operative procedures for the treatment of vascular disorders.
UI = D014656
Vasculitis
AN = inflamm of blood vessels only; GEN or unspecified; consider ARTERITIS or PHLEBITIS & their indentions; hemorrhagic vasculitis = PURPURA, SCHOENLEIN-HENOCH
MS = Inflammation of a blood vessel.
UI = D014657
Vasculitis, Allergic Cutaneous
MS = Vasculitis due to allergic reaction, marked by such cutaneous lesions as papules, macules, vesicles, urticarial wheals, purpura, and small ulcers, and accompanied by itching and usually a slight fever and malaise.
UI = D014658
Vasculitis, Hypersensitivity
MS = Heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by a vasculitic syndrome presumed to be associated with a hypersensitivity reaction following exposure to an antigen such as an infectious agent, a drug, or other foreign or endogenous substance (Wilson et al, Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, 12th ed, p1459).
UI = D018366
Vasectomy
AN = do not use /util except by MeSH definition
MS = Surgical removal of the ductus deferens, or a portion of it. It is done in association with prostatectomy, or to induce infertility. (Dorland, 28th ed)
UI = D014659
Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide
AN = a neurotransmitter gastrointestinal hormone; /biosyn /physiol permitted; DF: note short X ref
MS = A highly basic, single-chain polypeptide isolated from the intestinal mucosa. It has a wide range of biological actions affecting the cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, and respiratory systems. It is also found in several parts of the central and peripheral nervous systems and is a neurotransmitter.
UI = D014660
Vasoconstriction
AN = IM; coord IM with specific vessel or specific organ /blood supply; the physiol process; do not confuse with stenosis of specific blood vessels ( = specific blood vessel (IM) + CONSTRICTION, PATHOLOGIC (NIM)); /drug eff: consider also VASOCONSTRICTOR AGENTS & specifics
MS = Narrowing of the blood vessels without anatomic change, for which CONSTRICTION, PATHOLOGIC is used.
UI = D014661
Vasoconstrictor Agents
AN = consider also VASOMOTOR SYSTEM /drug eff
MS = Drugs used to cause constriction of the blood vessels.
UI = D014662
Vasodilation
AN = IM; coord IM with specific vessel or specific organ /blood supply; the physiol process: do not confuse with pathol dilat of specific blood vessels ( = specific vessel (IM) + DILATATION, PATHOLOGIC (NIM)); /drug eff: consider also VASODILATOR AGENTS & specifics
MS = Physiological dilation of the blood vessels without anatomic change. For dilation with anatomic change, DILATATION, PATHOLOGIC or ANEURYSM (or specific aneurysm) is used.
UI = D014664
Vasodilator Agents
AN = consider also VASOMOTOR SYSTEM /drug eff
MS = Drugs used to cause dilation of the blood vessels.
UI = D014665
Vasomotor System
AN = /drug eff: consider also VASOCONSTRICTOR AGENTS & VASODILATOR AGENTS
MS = The neural systems which act on vascular smooth muscle to control blood vessel diameter. The major neural control is through the sympathetic nervous system.
UI = D014666
Vasopressins
AN = neurotransmitter pituitary hormones; GEN or unspecified; prefer specifics; /biosyn /physiol permitted; /secret: consider also INAPPROPRIATE ADH SYNDROME
MS = Octapeptide antidiuretic hormones released by the neurohypophysis of all vertebrates (chemical composition varies with species). They control water metabolism and balance by regulating lung, gill, kidney, etc., and water loss, and also contract smooth muscle. They may also be neurotransmitters. Also included are synthetic vasopressin derivatives. Vasopressins are used pharmacologically as renal agents, vasoconstrictor agents, and hemostatics.
UI = D014667
Vasotocin
AN = a neurotransmitter vasopressin; /biosyn /physiol permitted
MS = Cys-Tyr-Ile-Gln-Asn-Cys-Pro-Arg-Gly, cyclic 1-6 disulfide. The non-mammalian hormone that controls water and salt metabolism. It is the phylogenetic precursor of both antidiuretic hormones and oxytocins and a possible neuroendocrine mediator in mammals. Vasotocin has oxytocic and vasopressor actions.
UI = D014668
Vasovasostomy
AN = to reverse sterilization; do not use /util except by MeSH definition
MS = Surgical anastomosis or fistulization of the spermatic ducts to restore fertility in a previously vasectomized male.
UI = D014669
Vater's Ampulla
AN = diseases: coord IM with COMMON BILE DUCT DISEASES (IM); inflammation: coord IM with CHOLANGITIS (IM); neopl: coord IM with COMMON BILE DUCT NEOPLASMS (IM); note X ref DUODENAL PAPILLA, MAJOR: do not confuse with DUODENAL PAPILLA, MINOR see PANCREATIC DUCTS; "duodenal papilla" unspecified is probably DUODENAL PAPILLA, MAJOR
MS = The dilatation formed by junction of the common bile duct and the pancreatic ducts proximal to their opening into the lumen of the duodenum. (Dorland, 27th ed)
UI = D014670
Vatican City
UI = D014671
Vault Ribonucleoprotein Particles
MS = Large cytoplasmic ribonucleoprotein particles that have an eight-fold symmetry with a central pore and petal-like structure giving the appearance of an octagonal dome. (The Dictionary of Cell Biology, Lackie and Dow, 2nd ed.)
UI = D020394
Vectorcardiography
AN = /drug eff /rad eff permitted; do not use /util except by MeSH definition; DF: VECTORCARDIOGR or VECTOR ECG
MS = Recording of the moment-to-moment electromotive forces of the heart on a plane of the body surface delineated as a vector function of time.
UI = D014672
Vecuronium Bromide
AN = a neuromusc nondepolarizing agent
MS = Monoquaternary homolog of PANCURONIUM. A non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent with shorter duration of action than pancuronium. Its lack of significant cardiovascular effects and lack of dependence on good kidney function for elimination as well as its short duration of action and easy reversibility provide advantages over, or alternatives to, other established neuromuscular blocking agents.
UI = D014673
Vegetable Proteins
AN = restrict to proteins from vegetables: for fruit proteins index under FRUITS + DIETARY PROTEINS + PLANT PROTEINS; for proteins in non-dietary plants index under PLANT PROTEINS; coord IM with specific vegetable (IM)
MS = Proteins which are present in or isolated from vegetables or vegetable products used as food. The concept is distinguished from PLANT PROTEINS which refers to non-dietary proteins from plants.
UI = D014674
Vegetables
AN = as plant & food; vegetables as plant tissue: Manual 31.10; vegetables as food: Manual 22.30, 31.9; selected qualif from Cat B6 & Cat J2
UI = D014675
Vegetarianism
AN = IM; coord with specific edible (IM) if pertinent CATALOG: do not use /pop wks
MS = Dietary practice of consuming only vegetables, grains, and nuts.
UI = D014676
Vehicle Emissions
MS = Gases, fumes, vapors, and odors escaping from the cylinders of a gasoline or diesel internal-combustion engine. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed & Random House Unabridged Dictionary, 2d ed)
UI = D001335
Vehicles
AN = pharmacy & pharmacol, not transportation ( = MOTOR VEHICLES); NIM; when IM, D25-26 qualif
MS = A carrier or inert medium used as a solvent (or diluent) in which the medicinally active agent is formulated and or administered. (Dictionary of Pharmacy, 1986)
UI = D014677
Veillonella
AN = in mouth, intestines & resp tract of man & other animals
MS = A genus of gram-negative, anaerobic cocci parasitic in the mouth and in the intestinal and respiratory tracts of man and other animals.
UI = D014678
Veillonellaceae
AN = in digestive tract of man & some animals; infection: coord IM with GRAM-NEGATIVE BACTERIAL INFECTIONS (IM)
MS = A family of gram-negative bacteria that are parasites of warm-blooded animals such as man, ruminants, rodents and pigs, particularly in the alimentary tract.
UI = D014679
Veins
AN = IM GEN only; NIM as coord to indicate specific vein, as 'pancreatic' vein = PANCREAS /blood supply (IM) + VEINS (NIM); venous blood: probably not indexed as being the usual sampling method but if significant coord BLOOD (NIM) + VEINS or specific vein (NIM); venous pressure = VENOUS PRESSURE or CENTRAL VENOUS PRESSURE; inflammation = PHLEBITIS
MS = The vessels carrying blood toward the heart.
UI = D014680
Velopharyngeal Insufficiency
AN = failure of soft palate to reach posterior wall of pharynx
MS = Failure of the soft palate to reach the posterior pharyngeal wall. It may be caused by cleft palate surgery, palatal or pharyngeal abnormalities or injury, or neuromuscular dysfunction of the velopharyngeal sphincter. It causes hypernasality of speech.
UI = D014681
Vena Cava Filters
MS = Mechanical devices inserted in the inferior vena cava that prevent the migration of blood clots from deep venous thrombosis of the leg.
UI = D016306
Vena Cava, Inferior
MS = The venous trunk which receives blood from the lower extremities and from the pelvic and abdominal organs.
UI = D014682
Vena Cava, Superior
MS = The venous trunk which returns blood from the head, neck, upper extremities and chest.
UI = D014683
Venae Cavae
AN = try to specify VENA CAVA, INFERIOR or VENA CAVA, SUPERIOR
MS = The inferior and superior venae cavae.
UI = D014684
Venereal Tumors, Veterinary
AN = do not coord with GENITALIA or specific genital term unless especially discussed; coord IM with precoord animal/dis term (IM) + animal (NIM); /blood supply /chem /second /secret /ultrastruct permitted; don't forget check tag ANIMAL
MS = Tumors most commonly seen on or near the genitalia. They are venereal, most likely transmitted through transplantation of cells by contact. Metastases have been reported. Spontaneous regression may occur.
UI = D014685
Venereology
AN = SPEC: SPEC qualif; DF: VENEREOL
MS = A branch of medicine which deals with sexually transmitted disease.
UI = D014686
Venezuela
UI = D014687
Venoms
AN = includes poisonous secretions from animal skin, spines, fangs & other specialized glands; GEN or unspecified only: prefer specifics; /enzymol permitted; coord with the animal producing the venom (IM or NIM) but many specific precoord venom terms are available (AMPHIBIAN VENOMS, ARTHROPOD VENOMS, SNAKE VENOMS & its indentions, etc.)
MS = Poisonous animal secretions forming fluid mixtures of many different enzymes, toxins, and other substances. These substances are produced in specialized glands and secreted through specialized delivery systems (nematocysts, spines, fangs, etc.) for disabling prey or predator.
UI = D014688
Venous Cutdown
AN = usually for insertion of a catheter; do not use /util except by MeSH definition
MS = Creation of a small incised opening in a vein to permit the passage of a needle or cannula for withdrawal of blood, administration of medication, or in diagnostic or therapeutic catheterization. (Dorland, 28th ed.; Stedman, 26th ed.)
UI = D016748
Venous Insufficiency
AN = GEN or unspecified but usually of the legs; coord IM with specific vein (IM) or organ /blood supply (IM) if pertinent
MS = Inadequacy of the venous valves and impairment of venous return (venous stasis) usually from the legs, often with edema and sometimes with stasis ulcers at the ankle.
UI = D014689
Venous Pressure
AN = IM GEN only; NIM for pressure within a specific vessel; CENTRAL VENOUS PRESSURE & PORTAL PRESSURE are also available; venous hypertension: index under VENOUS PRESSURE (IM) & do not coord with HYPERTENSION
MS = The blood pressure in a vein. It is usually measured to assess the filling pressure to the ventricle.
UI = D014690
Venous Thrombosis
AN = GEN: prefer specifics; coord IM with specific vein (IM) if precoord is not available
MS = The presence of a thrombus in a vein. (Dorland, 28th ed)
UI = D020246
Ventilation
AN = environment, not lungs ( = PULMONARY VENTILATION)
MS = Supplying a building or house, their rooms and corridors, with fresh air. The controlling of the environment thus may be in public or domestic sites and in medical or non-medical locales. (From Dorland, 28th ed)
UI = D014691
Ventilation-Perfusion Ratio
AN = a resp funct test
MS = The ratio of alveolar ventilation to simultaneous alveolar capillary blood flow in any part of the lung. (Stedman, 25th ed)
UI = D014692
Ventilator Weaning
MS = Techniques for effecting the transition of the respiratory-failure patient from mechanical ventilation to spontaneous ventilation, while meeting the criteria that tidal volume be above a given threshold (greater than 5 ml/kg), respiratory frequency be below a given count (less than 30 breaths/min), and oxygen partial pressure be above a given threshold (PaO2 greater than 50mm Hg). Weaning studies focus on finding methods to monitor and predict the outcome of mechanical ventilator weaning as well as finding ventilatory support techniques which will facilitate successful weaning. Present methods include intermittent mandatory ventilation, intermittent positive pressure ventilation, and mandatory minute volume ventilation.
UI = D015300
Ventilators, Negative-Pressure
MS = Body ventilators that assist ventilation by applying intermittent subatmospheric pressure around the thorax, abdomen, or airway and periodically expand the chest wall and inflate the lungs. They are relatively simple to operate and do not require tracheostomy. These devices include the tank ventilators ("iron lung"), Portalung, Pneumowrap, and chest cuirass ("tortoise shell").
UI = D015919
Ventral Tegmental Area
AN = a region in the mesencephalon
MS = A region in the mesencephalon which is dorsomedial to the substantia nigra and ventral to the red nucleus. The mesocortical and mesolimbic dopaminergic systems originate here, including an important projection to the nucleus accumbens. Overactivity of the cells in this area has been suspected to contribute to the positive symptoms of schizophrenia.
UI = D017557
Ventricular Dysfunction
AN = ventric refers to the heart, not the cerebral ventricles; GEN or unspecified: prefer VENTRICULAR DYSFUNCTION, LEFT or VENTRICULAR DYSFUNCTION, RIGHT
MS = A condition in which the ventricles of the heart exhibit a decreased functionality.
UI = D018754
Ventricular Dysfunction, Left
AN = ventric refers to the heart, not the cerebral ventricles
MS = A condition in which the left ventricle of the heart exhibits a decreased functionality. This decreased function could lead to congestive heart failure or myocardial infarction, among other cardiovascular diseases. Diagnostic measurements that indicate this condition include a diminished ejection fraction and a depressed level of motility of the left ventricular wall.
UI = D018487
Ventricular Dysfunction, Right
AN = ventric refers to the heart, not the cerebral ventricles
MS = A condition in which the right ventricle of the heart exhibits a decreased functionality. This decreased function could lead to congestive heart failure or myocardial infarction, among other cardiovascular diseases. Diagnostic measurements that indicate this condition include a diminished ejection fraction and a depressed level of motility of the right ventricular wall.
UI = D018497
Ventricular Fibrillation
AN = does not include ventric flutter ( = ARRHYTHMIA (IM) + HEART VENTRICLE (NIM))
UI = D014693
Ventricular Function
MS = The hemodynamic and electrophysiological action of the ventricles.
UI = D016276
Ventricular Function, Left
MS = The hemodynamic and electrophysiological action of the left ventricle. Its measurement is an important aspect of the clinical evaluation of patients with heart disease to determine the effects of the disease on cardiac performance.
UI = D016277
Ventricular Function, Right
MS = The hemodynamic and electrophysiological action of the right ventricle.
UI = D016278
Vascular Hemostatic Disorders
MS = Alterations in the mechanical integrity or structure of the blood vessels leading to bleeding disorders.
UI = D020141
Ventricular Outflow Obstruction
MS = Occlusion of the ventricular outflow or inflow tract on either side of the heart. It may result from a congenital defect or predisposing heart disease, or as a complication of surgery or tumors of the heart or its vessels.
UI = D014694
Ventricular Premature Complexes
AN = a type of arrhythmia
MS = Premature contractions of the ventricle, the most common of all arrhythmias. In the absence of heart disease, they are not of great clinical significance, but in patients with coronary disease, they represent a constant danger of ventricular tachycardia or fibrillation and sudden death. The longer-term prognosis for asymptomatic, healthy subjects with frequent and complex ectopy is similar to that for the healthy United States population. (From Sokolow, et al., Clinical Cardiology, 5th ed, p491)
UI = D018879
Ventricular Pressure
AN = within heart, not cerebral ventricles
MS = The pressure within a cardiac ventricle. Ventricular pressure waveforms can be measured in the beating heart by catheterization or estimated using imaging techniques (e.g., Doppler echocardiography). The information is useful in evaluating the function of the myocardium, cardiac valves, and pericardium, particularly with simultaneous measurement of other (e.g., aortic or atrial) pressures.
UI = D017725
Ventricular Remodeling
MS = The geometric and structural changes that the ventricle undergoes, usually following myocardial infarction. It comprises expansion of the infarct and dilatation of the healthy ventricle segments. While most prevalent in the left ventricle, it can also occur in the right ventricle.
UI = D020257
Ventricular Septal Rupture
MS = Rupture of the intraventricular septum of the heart, usually secondary to myocardial infarction.
UI = D018658
Ventriculography, Cerebral (see: Cerebral Ventriculography)
Ventriculography, First-Pass
AN = "ventriculo-" refers to the heart, not the cerebral ventricles; used for the right or left ventricle but is preferred for right: for the left ventricle GATED BLOOD-POOL IMAGING is preferred; /drug eff /rad eff permitted; do not use /util except by MeSH definition; DF: VENTRICULOGR FIRST PASS
MS = Radionuclide ventriculography where a bolus of radionuclide is injected and data are recorded from one pass through the heart ventricle. Left and right ventricular function can be analyzed independently during this technique. First-pass ventriculography is preferred over GATED BLOOD-POOL IMAGING for assessing right ventricular function.
UI = D015646
Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt
AN = ventriculo- refers to cerebral ventricles; a type of csf shunt
MS = Surgical creation of a communication between a cerebral ventricle and the peritoneum by means of a plastic tube to permit drainage of cerebrospinal fluid for relief of hydrocephalus. (From Dorland, 28th ed)
UI = D017287
Ventriculostomy
AN = refers to cerebral ventricles only, not heart nor stomach; do not use /util except by MeSH definition
MS = Surgical creation of an opening in a cerebral ventricle.
UI = D014696
Ventromedial Hypothalamic Nucleus
MS = A nucleus of the middle hypothalamus, the largest cell group of the tuberal region with small-to-medium size cells.
UI = D014697
Venturicidins
AN = uncoupling agents & antifungal antibiotics; from Streptomyces
MS = Toxic substances isolated from various strains of Streptomyces. They are 20-membered macrolides that inhibit oxidative phosphorylation and mitochondrial ATPases. Venturicidins A and B are glycosides. Used mainly as tools in the study of mitochondrial function.
UI = D014698
Venules
AN = restrict to blood vessels: not for "lymphatic venules" or "postcapillary venules": see note on LYMPHATIC SYSTEM; IM GEN only; NIM as coord with specific organ /blood supply (IM)
MS = The minute vessels that collect blood from the capillary plexuses and join together to form veins.
UI = D014699
Verapamil
AN = an anti-arryhthmic & calcium channel blocker
MS = A calcium channel blocker that is a class IV anti-arrhythmia agent.
UI = D014700
Veratridine
AN = do not confuse with VERATRINE
MS = 3-Veratroylveracevine. One of the components in the veratrine mixture of alkaloids. Found in the seed of Schoenocaulon officinale and in rhizome of Veratrum album L., Liliaceae.
UI = D014701
Veratrine
AN = do not confuse with VERATRIDINE
UI = D014702
Veratrum
AN = plant only with VERATRUM ALKALOIDS or its specifics the probable Cat D term
MS = A genus of coarse plants of the lily family with poisonous roots that contain many alkaloids and are used as emetics, parasiticides, antihypertensives, and other drugs. The specific chemicals isolated from Veratrum viride or V. album are VERATRUM ALKALOIDS.
UI = D014703
Veratrum Alkaloids
AN = antihypertensives
MS = Alkaloids with powerful hypotensive effects isolated from American or European Hellebore (Veratrum viride Ait. Liliaceae and Veratrum album L. Liliaceae). They increase cholinergic and decrease adrenergic tone with appropriate side effects and at higher doses depress respiration and produce cardiac arrhythmias; only the ester alkaloids have been used as hypotensive agents in specific instances. They have been generally replaced by drugs with fewer adverse effects.
UI = D014704
Verbal Behavior
MS = Includes both producing and responding to words, either written or spoken.
UI = D014705
Verbal Learning
MS = Learning to respond verbally to a verbal stimulus cue.
UI = D014706
Vermont
UI = D014707
Vernix Caseosa
AN = check the tag INFANT, NEWBORN
MS = An unctuous substance composed of sebum and desquamated epithelial cells, which covers the skin of the fetus.
UI = D014708
Vero Cells
AN = cell line from African green monkey (vervet) kidney; almost never IM; no qualif when NIM, A11 qualif when IM; capitalize Vero in titles
MS = A cell line derived from the kidney of the African green (vervet) monkey, Cercopithecus aethiops; used primarily in virus replication studies and plaque assays.
UI = D014709
Version, Fetal
MS = The manual conversion of or changing of the polarity of the fetus with reference to the mother. (From Dorland, 28th ed)
UI = D014710
Vertebral Artery
MS = The first branch of the subclavian artery with distribution to muscles of the neck, vertebrae, spinal cord, cerebellum and interior of the cerebrum.
UI = D014711
Vertebrate Viruses
AN = not used for indexing
MS = Viruses infecting man and other vertebrates.
UI = D014712
Verticillium
MS = A mitosporic fungal genus commonly isolated from soil. Some species are the cause of wilt diseases in many different plants.
UI = D020172
Viruses, Unclassified
AN = viruses of as yet unclassified taxonomy: author will state "unclassified": do not confuse with viruses "unnamed" or unspecified by the author ( = probably VIRUSES); GEN: avoid; infections by unclassified viruses: coord IM with VIRUS DISEASES (IM)
MS = Viruses whose taxonomic relationships have not been established.
UI = D014713
Vertebrates
AN = avoid: too general; prefer specific classes, orders, families & genera; IM; qualif permitted
MS = Animals having a vertebral column, members of the phylum Chordata, subphylum Vertebrata comprising mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, and fishes. (From Dorland, 28th ed)
UI = D014714
Vertebrobasilar Insufficiency
AN = obstruct or stenosis of vertebral & basilar arteries
MS = Obstruction or stenosis of the vertebral-basilar system manifested by disturbances of consciousness, vertigo, headache, hemi- or quadriplegia, dysarthria, and facial paralysis.
UI = D014715
Vertical Dimension
AN = length of face in relation to separation of jaws; no qualif
MS = The length of the face determined by the distance of separation of jaws. Occlusal vertical dimension (OVD or VDO) or contact vertical dimension is the lower face height with the teeth in centric occlusion. Rest vertical dimension (VDR) is the lower face height measured from a chin point to a point just below the nose, with the mandible in rest position. (From Jablonski, Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992, p250)
UI = D014716
Vertigo
AN = illusion of revolution in space; differentiate from DIZZINESS, "sensation of unsteadiness or lightheadedness", but use word of text
MS = An illusion of movement, either of the external world revolving around the patient or of the patient himself revolving in space. Vertigo is not the same as dizziness, which is a disturbed sense of relation to space.
UI = D014717
Vesico-Ureteral Reflux
AN = reflux of urine from bladder back into a ureter
MS = The passage of urine from the bladder back into a ureter. (Dorland, 27th ed)
UI = D014718
Vesicovaginal Fistula
AN = abnorm passage between bladder & vagina; fistula policy: Manual 23.19+
MS = An abnormal passage between the bladder and the vagina.
UI = D014719
Vesicular Exanthema of Swine
AN = caused by a calicivirus; don't forget also SWINE (NIM) & check tag ANIMAL
MS = A calicivirus infection of swine characterized by hydropic degeneration of the oral and cutaneous epithelia.
UI = D014720
Vesicular Exanthema of Swine Virus
AN = a species of Calicivirus; infection = VESICULAR EXANTHEMA OF SWINE
MS = The type species of the genus CALICIVIRUS, an RNA virus infecting pigs. The resulting infection is an acute febrile disease which is clinically indistinguishable from FOOT AND MOUTH DISEASE. Transmission is by contaminated food.
UI = D017928
Vesicular Stomatitis-Indiana Virus
AN = a species of Vesiculovirus; infection: coord IM with RHABDOVIRIDAE INFECTIONS (IM) + probably STOMATITIS (IM) + precoord animal/dis term (IM), using qualif /vet if pertinent; DF: note short X ref
MS = The type species of VESICULOVIRUS causing a disease symptomatically similar to foot-and-mouth disease in cattle, horses, and pigs. It may be transmitted to other species including humans, where it causes influenza-like symptoms.
UI = D014721
Vesiculovirus
AN = a genus of the family Rhabdoviridae; infection: coord IM with RHABDOVIRIDAE INFECTIONS (IM)
MS = A genus of the family RHABDOVIRIDAE that infects a wide range of vertebrates and invertebrates. The type species is VESICULAR STOMATITIS-INDIANA VIRUS.
UI = D018116
Vestibule
AN = vestibule of the labyrinth; dis = VESTIBULAR DISEASES
MS = A small, oval, bony chamber of the labyrinth. The vestibule contains the utricle and saccule, organs which are part of the balancing apparatus of the ear.
UI = D014722
Vestibular Aqueduct
MS = A small bony canal linking the vestibule of the inner ear to the posterior part of the internal surface of the petrous temporal bone. It surrounds the endolymphatic duct.
UI = D014723
Vestibular Diseases
AN = inner ear dis
MS = Diseases of the vestibule, the part of the inner ear that contains organs involved with balance.
UI = D015837
Vestibular Function Tests
UI = D014724
Vestibular Nerve
AN = vestibular portion of acoustic (8th cranial) nerve; dis = VESTIBULAR NERVE (IM) + ACOUSTIC NERVE DISEASES (IM); neopl: coord IM with CRANIAL NERVE NEOPLASMS (IM) + histol type of neopl (IM)
MS = The vestibular part of the acoustic (8th cranial) nerve. The vestibular nerve fibers arise from neurons of Scarpa's ganglion and project peripherally to vestibular hair cells and centrally to the vestibular nuclei of the brain stem. These fibers mediate the sense of balance and head position.
UI = D014725
Vestibular Nuclei
MS = The four cellular masses in the floor of the fourth ventricle giving rise to a widely dispersed special sensory system. (From Dorland, 27th ed)
UI = D014726
Vestibuloplasty
AN = refers to the oral cavity, not to the vestib appar; do not use /util except by MeSH definition
MS = Those procedures designed to widen the zone of attached gingiva and deepen the vestibular depth which will facilitate the clearance of the area for natural food passage, and provide access for toothbrushing and interdental stimulation.
UI = D014727
Veterans
MS = Former members of the armed services.
UI = D014728
Veterans Disability Claims
AN = specify country
MS = Disorders claimed as a result of military service.
UI = D014729
Veterinarians
AN = IM CATALOG: /geog /form
MS = Persons trained and authorized to practice veterinary medicine and surgery; doctors of veterinary medicine (D.V.M.). (Dorland, 27th ed)
UI = D018634
Veterinary Drugs
AN = GEN or unspecified; prefer specific drug /ther use with required animal dis precoords with /drug ther
MS = Drugs used by veterinarians in the treatment of animal diseases. The veterinarian's pharmacological armamentarium is the counterpart of drugs treating human diseases, with dosage and administration adjusted to the size, weight, disease, and idiosyncrasies of the species. In the United States most drugs are subject to federal regulations with special reference to the safety of drugs and residues in edible animal products.
UI = D019155
Veterinary Medicine
AN = SPEC only: SPEC qualif; prefer /vet with diseases & techniques: Manual 19.7+, 19.8.81; indexing policy: Manual 23.33+; /legislation & jurisprudence = LEGISLATION, VETERINARY or VETERINARY MEDICINE (IM) + JURISPRUDENCE (IM); DF: VET MED
MS = The medical science concerned with the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of diseases in animals.
UI = D014730
Veterinary Service, Military
AN = SPEC: SPEC qualif; specify country; DF: VET SERV MILITARY
MS = A corps of the armed services concerned with animal medicine, the chief interest of which is the care of government-owned working dogs (as in the military police units), working horses (as in state funerals), and working military dolphins (as in undersea exploration and other activities). In the United States Army Veterinary Corps animal medicine overlaps and interconnects with biomedical research using laboratory research animals. A related activity is laboratory animal care. The Corps provides limited care for privately owned animals of military personnel through non-appropriated funds. Military service veterinarians in the United States Army must be graduates of accredited veterinary schools and must have a state license. (Telephone communication with Lt. Col. William Inskeep II, U.S. Army Veterinary Corps, October 4, 1994)
UI = D014731
Vibration
AN = biol & non-biol application
UI = D014732
Vibrio
AN = infection = VIBRIO INFECTIONS
MS = A genus of VIBRIONACEAE, made up of short, slightly curved, motile, gram-negative rods. Various species produce cholera and other gastrointestinal disorders as well as abortion in sheep and cattle.
UI = D014733
Vibrio cholerae
AN = infection = CHOLERA
MS = The etiologic agent of CHOLERA.
UI = D014734
Vibrio Infections
AN = gram-neg bact infect; V. comma infection = CHOLERA
MS = Infections with bacteria of the genus VIBRIO.
UI = D014735
Vibrio parahaemolyticus
AN = in marine environment & human feces; infection: coord IM with VIBRIO INFECTIONS (IM)
MS = A species of bacteria found in the marine environment, sea foods, and the feces of patients with acute enteritis.
UI = D014736
Vibrionaceae
AN = in fresh & sea water
MS = A family of gram-negative bacteria usually found in fresh or sea water, occasionally in fish or man.
UI = D014737
Vibrissae
MS = Stiff hairs projecting from the face around the nose of most mammals, acting as touch receptors.
UI = D014738
Victoria
AN = a state of Australia
MS = A state in southeastern Australia, the southernmost state. Its capital is Melbourne. It was discovered in 1770 by Captain Cook and first settled by immigrants from Tasmania. In 1851 it was separated from New South Wales as a separate colony. Self-government was introduced in 1851; it became a state in 1901. It was named for Queen Victoria in 1851. (From Webster's New Geographical Dictionary, 1988, p1295 & Room, Brewer's Dictionary of Names, p574)
UI = D014739
Vidarabine
AN = an antiviral & antimetabolite
MS = A nucleoside antibiotic isolated from Streptomyces antibioticus. It has some antineoplastic properties and has broad spectrum activity against DNA viruses in cell cultures and significant antiviral activity against infections caused by a variety of viruses such as the herpes viruses, the vaccinia virus and varicella zoster virus.
UI = D014740
Vidarabine Phosphate
AN = a vidarabine ester antimetabolite; DF: note short X ref
MS = An adenosine monophosphate analog in which ribose is replaced by an arabinose moiety. It is the monophosphate ester of VIDARABINE with antiviral and possibly antineoplastic properties.
UI = D001084
Video Games
AN = /adv eff /psychol permitted
MS = A form of interactive entertainment in which the player controls electronically generated images that appear on a video display screen. This includes video games played in the home on special machines or home computers, and those played in arcades. (McGraw Hill Encyclopedia of Science & Technology, 7th ed, v19, p223)
UI = D018910
Video Recording
AN = IM; VIDEODISC RECORDING & VIDEOTAPE RECORDING are also available
MS = The storing or preserving of video signals for television to be played back later via a transmitter or receiver. Recordings may be made on magnetic tape or discs (VIDEODISC RECORDING).
UI = D014741
Videodisc Recording
AN = IM; do not confuse with VIDEO RECORDING or VIDEOTAPE RECORDING CATALOG: form qualif /videodiscs is available
MS = The storing of visual and usually sound signals on discs for later reproduction on a television screen or monitor.
UI = D014742
Videotape Recording
AN = IM; do not confuse with VIDEO RECORDING or VIDEODISC RECORDING CATALOG: form qualif /videotapes & videocassettes are available
MS = Recording of visual and sometimes sound signals on magnetic tape.
UI = D014743
Vietnam
UI = D014744
Viloxazine
AN = an antidepressant
MS = A morpholine derivative used as an antidepressant. It is similar in action to IMIPRAMINE.
UI = D014745
Vimentin
AN = an intermediate filament protein; /biosyn /physiol permitted
MS = An intermediate filament protein found in most differentiating cells, in cells grown in tissue culture, and in certain fully differentiated cells. Its insolubility suggests that it serves a structural function in the cytoplasm. MW 52,000.
UI = D014746
Vinblastine
AN = a Vinca alkaloid; /biosyn permitted if by plant
MS = Antitumor alkaloid isolated from Vinca rosea. (Merck, 11th ed.)
UI = D014747
Vinca Alkaloids
AN = antineoplastics; /biosyn permitted if by plant
MS = A class of alkaloids from the genus of apocyanaceous woody herbs including periwinkles. They are some of the most useful antineoplastic agents.
UI = D014748
Vincamine
AN = a Vinca alkaloid; /biosyn permitted if by plant
MS = A major alkaloid of Vinca minor L., Apocynaceae. It has been used therapeutically as a vasodilator and antihypertensive agent, particularly in cerebrovascular disorders.
UI = D014749
Vincristine
AN = a Vinca alkaloid; /biosyn permitted if by plant
MS = Antitumor alkaloid isolated from Vinca Rosea. (Merck, 11th ed.)
UI = D014750
Vinculin
AN = a cytoskeletal protein in cell-cell & cell-matrix interactions; /drug eff /ultrastruct permitted
MS = A cytoskeletal protein associated with cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions. The amino acid sequence of human vinculin has been determined. The protein consists of 1066 amino acid residues and its gene has been assigned to chromosome 10.
UI = D016596
Vindesine
AN = a Vinca alkaloid
MS = Vinblastine derivative with antineoplastic activity against acute leukemia, lung cancer, carcinoma of the breast, squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus, head, and neck, and Hodgkin's and non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. Major side effects are myelosuppression and neurotoxicity. Vindesine is used extensively in chemotherapy protocols.
UI = D014751
Vinyl Chloride
AN = a carcinogen; D25-26 qualif; POLYVINYL CHLORIDE is available
MS = A gas that has been used as an aerosol propellant and is the starting material for polyvinyl resins. Toxicity studies have shown various adverse effects, particularly the occurrence of liver neoplasms.
UI = D014752
Vinyl Compounds
AN = DF: VINYL CPDS
UI = D014753
Violence
AN = for HOSTAGES see PRISONERS, do not add VIOLENCE unless particularly discussed
MS = Individual or group aggressive behavior which is socially non-acceptable, turbulent, and often destructive. It is precipitated by frustrations, hostility, prejudices, etc.
UI = D014754
Viologens
AN = oxidation-reduction indicators
MS = A group of dipyridinium chloride derivatives that are used as oxidation-reduction indicators. The general formula is 1,1'-di-R-4,4'-bipyridinium chloride, where R = methyl, ethyl, benzyl or, betaine.
UI = D014755
Viomycin
AN = a peptide antituberc antibiotic
MS = A strongly basic, antibiotic complex from several strains of Streptomyces. It is allergenic and toxic to kidneys and the labyrinth. Viomycin is used in tuberculosis as several different salts and in combination with other agents.
UI = D014756
Viper Venoms
AN = /antag permitted but consider also ANTIVENINS; /enzymol permitted; includes adder venoms & viperotoxin; TN 241: common & scientific names of various viperids; note PIT VIPER VENOMS see CROTALID VENOMS
MS = Venoms from snakes of the viperid family. They tend to be less toxic than elapid or hydrophid venoms and act mainly on the vascular system, interfering with coagulation and capillary membrane integrity and are highly cytotoxic. They contain large amounts of several enzymes, other factors, and some toxins.
UI = D014757
Viperidae
AN = mountain viper, true vipers & pit vipers
MS = A family of snakes comprising three subfamilies: Azemiopinae (the mountain viper, the sole member of this subfamily), Viperinae (true vipers), and Crotalinae (pit vipers). They are widespread throughout the world, being found in the United States, Central and South America, Europe, Asia and Africa. Their venoms act on the blood (hemotoxic) as compared to the venom of elapids which act on the nervous system (neurotoxic). (Goin, Goin, and Zug, Introduction to Herpetology, 3d ed, pp333-36)
UI = D017819
Vipoma
AN = /blood supply /chem /second /secret /ultrastruct permitted; coord IM with PANCREATIC NEOPLASMS (IM); this is a tumor of the pancreatic delta cells
MS = An endocrine tumor, usually arising in the pancreas, that produces vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, which is the mediator of a syndrome of watery diarrhea, hypokalemia, and hypochlorhydria, leading to renal failure and death. (Dorland, 27th ed)
UI = D003969
Viral Core Proteins
AN = IM; coord with specific virus (IM); /drug eff /ultrastruct permitted
MS = Proteins found mainly in icosahedral DNA and RNA viruses. They consist of proteins directly associated with the nucleic acid inside the NUCLEOCAPSID.
UI = D014758
Viral Envelope Proteins
AN = IM; coord with specific virus (IM); /drug eff /ultrastruct permitted
MS = Layers of protein which surround the capsid in animal viruses with tubular nucleocapsids. The envelope consists of an inner layer of lipids and virus specified proteins also called membrane or matrix proteins. The outer layer consists of one or more types of morphological subunits called peplomers which project from the viral envelope; this layer always consists of glycoproteins.
UI = D014759
Viral Fusion Proteins
AN = IM; coord with specific virus (IM); /drug eff /ultrastruct permitted; do not confuse with RECOMBINANT FUSION PROTEINS
MS = Proteins, usually glycoproteins, found in the viral envelopes of a variety of viruses. They promote cell membrane fusion and thereby may function in the uptake of the virus by cells.
UI = D014760
Viral Hepatitis Vaccines
AN = coord IM with specific hepatitis virus or viral hepatitis (IM or NIM) if pertinent
MS = Any vaccine raised against any virus or viral derivative that causes hepatitis.
UI = D014761
Viral Interference
MS = A phenomenon in which infection by a first virus results in resistance of cells or tissues to infection by a second, unrelated virus.
UI = D014762
Viral Load
MS = The quantity of measurable virus in the blood. Change in viral load, measured in plasma, is used as a surrogate marker in HIV disease progression.
UI = D019562
Viral Matrix Proteins
AN = IM; coord with specific virus (IM); /drug eff /ultrastruct permitted
MS = Proteins associated with the inner surface of the lipid bilayer of the viral envelope. These proteins have been implicated in control of viral transcription and may possibly serve as the "glue" that binds the nucleocapsid to the appropriate membrane site during viral budding from the host cell.
UI = D014763
Viral Nonstructural Proteins
AN = viral proteins coded by nonstructural genes of unknown function; coord IM with specific protein (IM) + specific virus (IM); /physiol permitted for function within virus
MS = Viral proteins that are coded by nonstructural genes and usually have an unknown function. Some of these proteins may play structural roles within the infected cell during replication or act in virus regulation.
UI = D017361
Viral Physiology
AN = GEN or unspecified; prefer specifics; DF: VIRAL PHYSIOL
MS = Biological processes and activities of viruses.
UI = D018406
Viral Proteins
AN = /drug eff /ultrastruct permitted; /physiol permitted for function with the virus; IM; coord with specific protein (IM) + specific virus (IM)
MS = Proteins found in any species of virus.
UI = D014764
Viral Regulatory Proteins
AN = IM; coord with specific virus (IM); /drug eff /ultrastruct permitted; DF: VIRAL REG PROTEINS
MS = Proteins which regulate the rate of transcription of viral structural genes.
UI = D015520
Viral Structural Proteins
AN = IM; coord with specific virus (IM); /drug eff /ultrastruct permitted
MS = Viral proteins that do not regulate transcription. They are coded by viral structural genes and include nucleocapsid core proteins (gag proteins), enzymes (pol proteins), and membrane components (env proteins). Transcription of viral structural genes is regulated by viral regulatory proteins.
UI = D015678
Viral Tail Proteins
AN = found in tails of viruses; coord IM with specific virus (IM)
MS = Proteins found in the tail sections of DNA and RNA viruses. It is believed that these proteins play a role in directing chain folding and assembly of polypeptide chains.
UI = D017376
Viral Vaccines
AN = for specifics not indented here coord IM with specific virus /immunol (IM)
MS = Suspensions of attenuated or killed viruses administered for the prevention or treatment of infectious viral disease.
UI = D014765
Viremia
AN = coord with specific virus disease or specific virus if specific virus dis is not in MeSH (do not use /blood to indicate -emia)
MS = The presence of viruses in the blood.
UI = D014766
Virgin Islands of the United States
AN = a group of islands in the Lesser Antilles in the West Indies; do not confuse with the British Virgin Islands to their north ( = VIRGIN ISLANDS, BRITISH see WEST INDIES); DF: VIRGIN ISLANDS
MS = A group of islands in the Lesser Antilles in the West Indies, the three main islands being St. Croix, St. Thomas, and St. John. The capital is Charlotte Amalie. The Virgin Islands were discovered by Columbus in 1493. Before 1917 the U.S. Virgin Islands were held by the Danish and called the Danish West Indies but the name was changed when the United States acquired them by purchase. Virgin refers to the fact that Columbus made his discovery on St. Ursula's day - virgins being her legendary companions - or to the resemblance of the chain of islands to a procession of nuns or virgins. (From Webster's New Geographical Dictionary, 1988, p1305 & Room, Brewer's Dictionary of Names, 1992, p577)
UI = D014767
Virginia
UI = D014768
Virginiamycin
AN = an antibiotic
MS = A cyclic polypeptide antibiotic complex from Streptomyces virginiae, S. loidensis, S. mitakaensis, S. pristina-spiralis, S. ostreogriseus, and others. It consists of 2 major components, virginiamycin Factor M1 and virginiamycin Factor S1. It is used to treat infections with gram-positive organisms and as a growth promoter in cattle, swine, and poultry.
UI = D014769
Virilism
AN = check the tag FEMALE
MS = Development of masculine traits in the female.
UI = D014770
Virion
AN = "the infective system of a virus"; read MeSH definition for component parts
MS = The infective system of a virus, composed of the viral genome, a protein core, and a protein coat called a capsid, which may be naked or enclosed in a lipoprotein envelope called the peplos.
UI = D014771
Viroids
AN = "smallest known agents of infect dis"; read MeSH definition
MS = A group of pathogens comprising the smallest known agents of infectious disease. They are unencapsulated and are capable of replicating autonomously in susceptible cells. Positively identified viroids composed of single-stranded RNA have been isolated from higher plants, but the existence of DNA viroids pathogenic to animals is suspected.
UI = D014772
Virology
AN = SPEC: SPEC qualif; prefer /virol with specific organ, higher animal & disease: Manual 19.8.82; DF: VIROL
UI = D014773
Virulence
AN = NIM; coord NIM with micro-organism or parasite /pathogen (IM)
MS = The degree of pathogenicity within a group or species of microorganisms or viruses as indicated by case fatality rates and/or the ability of the organism to invade the tissues of the host.
UI = D014774
Virus Activation
AN = coord with specific virus /growth (IM or NIM)
MS = The mechanism by which latent viruses, such as genetically transmitted tumor viruses or prophages of lysogenic bacteria, are induced to replicate and are released as infectious viruses. It may be effected by various endogenous and exogenous stimuli, including B-cell lipopolysaccharides, glucocorticoid hormones, halogenated pyrimidines, ionizing radiation, ultraviolet light, and superinfecting viruses.
UI = D014775
Virus Assembly
AN = "assembly of viral capsid proteins & nucleic acid to form a virion"; coord with specific virus /physiol (IM or NIM)
MS = The assembly of viral capsid proteins and nucleic acid to form a viral particle (VIRION). (From Vocabulary of Genetic Engineering, 1990)
UI = D019065
Virus Cultivation
AN = NIM; relation to TISSUE CULTURE: Manual 26.23.3
UI = D014776
Virus Diseases
AN = GEN: prefer specifics; /drug ther: consider also ANTIVIRAL AGENTS CATALOG: form qualif permitted
MS = A general term for diseases produced by viruses.
UI = D014777
Virus Inhibitors
AN = in normal serum, body fluids & tissues; do not confuse with INTERFERONS or VIRAL INTERFERENCE (factors produced after virus enters cell) or ANTIVIRAL AGENTS (antiviral drugs & chem); blood viricidal activity probably goes here (IM) + BLOOD PHYSIOLOGY (IM); DF: VIRUS INHIB
UI = D014778
Virus Integration
AN = "insertion of viral DNA into host-cell DNA"
MS = Insertion of viral DNA into host-cell DNA. This includes integration of phage DNA into bacterial DNA (LYSOGENY) to form a prophage or integration of retroviral DNA into cellular DNA to form a provirus.
UI = D016662
Virus Latency
AN = coord with specific virus /physiol (IM or NIM)
MS = The ability of a pathogenic virus to lie dormant within a cell (latent infection). In eukaryotes, subsequent activation and viral replication is thought to be caused by extracellular stimulation of cellular transcription factors. Latency in bacteriophage is maintained by the expression of virally encoded repressors.
UI = D017735
Virus Replication
MS = The process of intracellular viral multiplication, consisting of the synthesis of proteins, nucleic acids, and sometimes lipids, and their assembly into a new infectious particle.
UI = D014779
Virus Shedding
AN = expelling of virus particles from the body
MS = The expelling of virus particles from the body. Important routes include the respiratory tract, genital tract, and intestinal tract. Virus shedding is an important means of vertical transmission (DISEASE TRANSMISSION, VERTICAL).
UI = D017201
Viruses
AN = GEN or unspecified; prefer specific taxonomic group or genus; /drug eff: consider also ANTIVIRAL AGENTS; note X ref ONCOLYTIC VIRUSES: ONCOGENIC VIRUSES is available; do not confuse "slow viruses" with "latent viruses": slow cause dis with very long preclin course & very slow progression, "latent" are non-infective but activable; presence of viruses in blood = VIREMIA: see note there; see many pre-coord VIR- terms like VIRAL PROTEINS; RNA, VIRAL, etc.; use Permuted MeSH for complete coverage; policy: Manual 22.18, 22.24+ CATALOG: form qualif permitted
MS = Minute infectious agents whose genomes are composed of DNA or RNA, but not both. They are characterized by a lack of independent metabolism and the inability to replicate outside living host cells.
UI = D014780
Viscera
AN = GEN & unspecified only: prefer specific organ term
MS = Any of the large interior organs in any one of the three great cavities of the body, especially in the abdomen.
UI = D014781
Visceral Afferents
MS = The sensory fibers innervating the viscera.
UI = D017833
Visceroptosis
AN = "prolapse or downward displacement of the viscera"
MS = The prolapse or downward displacement of the viscera.
UI = D014782
Viscosity
AN = NIM
UI = D014783
Viscum
AN = formerly used as emmenagogue, cardiac stimulant & vasodilator
MS = A genus of Old World parasitic plants of the Loranthaceae. Viscum album and Phorandendron flavescens were formerly used as emmenagogues, cardiac stimulants, and vasodilators. The plants contain toxins, lectins, tyramine, phenethylamines, and other useful or dangerous compounds.
UI = D014784
Vision
AN = differentiate from VISUAL PERCEPTION: vis percept takes place in the brain, vision takes place in the eye; visual stimulation: probably PHOTIC STIMULATION but check text for possible non-light (non-photic) stimul
MS = The sensation of sight.
UI = D014785
Vision, Binocular
MS = The blending of separate images seen by each eye into one composite image.
UI = D015348
Vision Disorders
AN = disord of vision, not dis of the eye ( = EYE DISEASES); GEN or unspecified: prefer specifics; /diag: consider also DIAGNOSTIC TECHNIQUES, OPHTHALMOLOGICAL
MS = Visual impairment limiting one or more of the basic functions of the eye: visual acuity, dark adaptation, color vision, or peripheral vision. Visual disability refers to inability of the individual to perform specific visual tasks, such as reading, writing, orientation, or traveling unaided. It is to be differentiated from EYE DISEASES which are restricted to diseases of the eye, the organ and its anatomical parts. (From Newell, Ophthalmology: Principles and Concepts, 7th ed, p132)
UI = D014786
Vision Disparity
MS = The difference between two images on the retina when looking at a visual stimulus. This occurs since the two retinas do not have the same view of the stimulus because of the location of our eyes. Thus the left eye does not get exactly the same view as the right eye.
UI = D015357
Vision, Monocular
MS = Vision with one eye or the affecting of one eye.
UI = D015349
Vision Screening
AN = on an epidemiol or population level: do not confuse with VISION TESTS on a personal level; coord with disease /diag or /epidemiol or /prev CATALOG: /geog /form
MS = Application of tests and examinations to identify visual defects or vision disorders occurring in specific populations, as in school children, the elderly, etc. It is differentiated from VISION TESTS, which are given to evaluate/measure individual visual performance not related to a specific population.
UI = D015351
Vision, Subnormal
AN = do not make a diagnosis: use term of author (e.g., "partial blindness" goes under BLINDNESS)
MS = Vision considered to be inferior to normal vision as represented by accepted standards of acuity, field of vision, or motility.
UI = D015354
Vision Tests
AN = for an individual: differentiate from VISION SCREENING on a given population
UI = D014787
Vision, Entoptic
MS = Visual sensation due to shadows or optical effects of structures within the eye or to excitation of the receptor system by stimuli other than light.
UI = D014788
Visitors to Patients
MS = Patients' guests and rules for visiting.
UI = D014789
Visna
AN = caused by a lentivirus; don't forget also SHEEP (NIM) & check tag ANIMAL
MS = Demyelinating leukoencephalomyelitis of sheep caused by the VISNA-MAEDI VIRUS. It is similiar to but not the same as SCRAPIE.
UI = D016182
Visna-Maedi Virus
AN = a species of Lentivirus; infection = VISNA or MAEDI see PNEUMONIA, PROGRESSIVE INTERSTITIAL, OF SHEEP
MS = A species of LENTIVIRUS, subgenus ovine-caprine lentiviruses (LENTIVIRUSES, OVINE-CAPRINE), that can cause chronic pneumonia (maedi), mastitis, arthritis, and encephalomyelitis (visna) in sheep. Maedi is a progressive pneumonia of sheep which is similar to but not the same as jaagsiekte (PULMONARY ADENOMATOSIS, OVINE). Visna is a demyelinating leukoencephalomyelitis of sheep which is similar to but not the same as SCRAPIE.
UI = D014790
Visual Acuity
MS = Acuteness or clearness of vision, especially of form vision, which is dependent mainly on the sharpness of the retinal focus.
UI = D014792
Visual Cortex
AN = do not confuse STRIATE CORTEX with CORPUS STRIATUM (basal ganglia)
MS = Area of the occipital lobe concerned with vision.
UI = D014793
Visual Fields
UI = D014794
Visual Pathways
UI = D014795
Visual Perception
AN = differentiate from VISION: vis percept takes place in the brain, vision takes place in the eye
MS = The selecting and organizing of visual stimuli based on the individual's past experience.
UI = D014796
Visually Impaired Persons
MS = Persons with loss of vision such that there is an impact on activities of daily living.
UI = D019987
Vital Capacity
AN = timed vital capacity is FORCED EXPIRATORY VOLUME; DF: VITAL CAPAC
MS = The volume of air that is exhaled by a maximal expiration following a maximal inspiration.
UI = D014797
Vital Statistics
AN = GEN only: prefer specifics: no qualif; specify geog CATALOG: /geog /form
MS = Used for general articles concerning statistics of births, deaths, marriages, etc.
UI = D014798
Vitalism
AN = only /hist /psychol
MS = The doctrine that phenomena are only partly controlled by mechanical forces, and are in some measure self-determining. In medicine it is the theory that biological activities are due to a vital force or principle distinct from physical and chemical forces. It is opposed to mechanism, the theory that the phenomena of life are based on the same physical and chemical laws which operate in the inorganic world. (From Random House Unabridged Dictionary, 2d ed & Dorland, 28th ed, p1834 & p997)
UI = D014799
Vitallium
AN = used for dentures & other non-dent prosthesis; D25-26 qualif
MS = An alloy of 60% cobalt, 20% chromium, 5% molybdenum, and traces of other substances. It is used in dentures, certain surgical appliances, prostheses, implants, and instruments.
UI = D014800
Vitamin A
AN = /ther use: coord disease with /drug ther, not /diet ther
MS = Retinol or any of several related fat-soluble compounds having similar biological activity. It acts in numerous capacities, particularly in the functioning of the retina, the growth of and differentiation of epithelial tissue, the growth of bone, reproduction, and the immune response. As vitamin A, it is found mostly in the liver, particularly of fish, egg yolks, and the fat component of dairy products. Its other major dietary source is the provitamin A carotenoids of plants. (From Dorland, 28th ed)
UI = D014801
Vitamin A Deficiency
AN = DF: VITAMIN A DEFIC
MS = A nutritional condition produced by a deficiency of VITAMIN A in the diet, characterized by NIGHT BLINDNESS and other ocular manifestations such as dryness of the conjunctiva and later of the cornea (XEROPHTHALMIA). Vitamin A deficiency is a very common problem worldwide, particularly in developing countries as a consequence of famine or shortages of vitamin A-rich foods. In the United States it is found among the urban poor, the elderly, alcoholics, and patients with malabsorption. (From Cecil Textbook of Medicine, 19th ed, p1179)
UI = D014802
Vitamin B Complex
AN = GEN or unspecified B vitamins; prefer specific vitamin B; /defic = VITAMIN B DEFICIENCY or PELLAGRA; /ther use: coord disease with /drug ther, not /diet ther
MS = A group of water-soluble substances including thiamine, riboflavin, niacin (nicotinic acid), niacinamide (nicotinamide), the vitamin B6 group (including pyridoxine, pyridoxal, pyridoxamine), biotin, pantothenic acid, folic acid, possibly para-aminobenzoic acid, inositol, vitamin B12, and possibly choline. (From Dorland, 28th ed)
UI = D014803
Vitamin B Deficiency
UI = D014804
Vitamin B 12
AN = note space after B; /ther use: coord disease with /drug ther, not /diet ther
MS = A cobalt-containing coordination compound produced by intestinal micro-organisms and found also in soil and water. Higher plants do not concentrate vitamin B 12 from the soil and so are a poor source of the substance as compared with animal tissues.
UI = D014805
Vitamin B 12 Deficiency
AN = coord IM with specific B 12 vitamin /defic (IM); DF: VITAMIN B 12 DEFIC
MS = A nutritional condition produced by a deficiency of VITAMIN B 12 in the diet, characterized by megaloblastic anemia. Since vitamin B 12 is not present in plants, humans have obtained their supply from animal products, from multivitamin supplements in the form of pills, and as additives to food preparations. A wide variety of neuropsychiatric abnormalities is also seen in vitamin B 12 deficiency and appears to be due to an undefined defect involving myelin synthesis. (From Cecil Textbook of Medicine, 19th ed, p848)
UI = D014806
Vitamin D
AN = /defic = VITAMIN D DEFICIENCY or RICKETS; /ther use: coord disease with /drug ther, not /diet ther
MS = Vitamin D. The vitamin that mediates intestinal calcium absorption, bone calcium metabolism, and probably muscle activity. It usually acts as a hormone precursor, requiring 2 stages of metabolism before reaching actual hormonal form. It is isolated from fish liver oils and used in the treatment and prevention of rickets.
UI = D014807
Vitamin D Deficiency
AN = DF: VITAMIN D DEFIC
MS = A nutritional condition produced by a deficiency of VITAMIN D in the diet, insufficient production of vitamin D in the skin, inadequate absorption of vitamin D from the diet, or abnormal conversion of vitamin D to its bioactive metabolites. It is manifested clinically as RICKETS in children and OSTEOMALACIA in adults. (From Cecil Textbook of Medicine, 19th ed, p1406)
UI = D014808
Vitamin D-Binding Protein
AN = /biosyn /physiol permitted
MS = An alpha-globulin found in the plasma of man and other vertebrates. It is apparently synthesized in the liver and carries vitamin D and its metabolites through the circulation and mediates the response of tissue. It is also known as group-specific component (Gc). Gc subtypes are used to determine specific phenotypes and gene frequencies. These data are employed in the classification of population groups, paternity investigations, and in forensic medicine.
UI = D014809
Vitamin E
AN = /ther use: coord disease with /drug ther, not /diet ther
MS = 3,4-Dihydro-2,5,7,8-tetramethyl-2-(4,8,12- trimethyltridecyl)-2H-1-benzopyran-6-ol. Vitamin found largely in plant materials, especially wheat germ, corn, sunflower seed, rapeseed, soybean oils, alfalfa, and lettuce. It is used as an antioxidant in vegetable oils and shortenings and in the prevention and treatment of vitamin E deficiency.
UI = D014810
Vitamin E Deficiency
AN = DF: VITAMIN E DEFIC
MS = A nutritional condition produced by a deficiency of VITAMIN E in the diet, characterized by posterior column and spinocerebellar tract abnormalities, areflexia, ophthalmoplegia, and disturbances of gait, proprioception, and vibration. In premature infants vitamin E deficiency is associated with hemolytic anemia, thrombocytosis, edema, intraventricular hemorrhage, and increasing risk of retrolental fibroplasia and bronchopulmonary dysplasia. An apparent inborn error of vitamin E metabolism, named familial isolated vitamin E deficiency, has recently been identified. (Cecil Textbook of Medicine, 19th ed, p1181)
UI = D014811
Vitamin K
AN = a heparin antag; menadione defic = VITAMIN K DEFICIENCY; /ther use: coord disease with /drug ther, not /diet ther
MS = Any of a group of structurally similar fat-soluble compounds that promote blood clotting by increasing hepatic biosynthesis of prothrombin and other coagulation factors. Two forms exist naturally, PHYTONADIONE (vitamin K1) and menaquinone (vitamin K2), as well as one synthetic provitamin form, menadione (vitamin k3). The best sources are green leafy vegetables, liver, cheese, butter, and egg yolk. Deficiency, usually seen only in neonates, in disorders of absorption, or during antibiotic therapy, is characterized by hemorrhage. (From Dorland, 28th ed)
UI = D014812
Vitamin K Deficiency
AN = DF: VITAMIN K DEFIC
MS = A nutritional condition produced by a deficiency of VITAMIN K in the diet, characterized by an increased tendency to hemorrhage (HEMORRHAGIC DISORDERS). Such bleeding episodes may be particularly severe in newborn infants. (From Cecil Textbook of Medicine, 19th ed, p1182)
UI = D014813
Vitamin U
AN = an anti-ulcer agent; found in green vegetables; /ther use: coord disease with /drug ther, not /diet ther
MS = A vitamin found in green vegetables. It is used in the treatment of peptic ulcers, colitis, and gastritis and has an effect on secretory, acid-forming, and enzymatic functions of the intestinal tract.
UI = D014814
Vitamins
AN = GEN or unspecified; prefer specific vitamin; /defic = AVITAMINOSIS but avitaminosis A (etc.) = VITAMIN A DEFICIENCY (etc.); /ther use: coordinate disease term with /drug ther, not /diet ther
MS = A general term for a number of unrelated organic substances that occur in many foods in small amounts and that are necessary in trace amounts for the normal metabolic functioning of the body. They may be water-soluble or fat-soluble. (Dorland, 28th ed)
UI = D014815
Vitelline Duct
MS = The narrow tube connecting the yolk sac with the midgut of the embryo; persistence of all or part of it in post-fetal life produces abnormalities, of which the commonest is MECKEL'S DIVERTICULUM.
UI = D014816
Vitelline Membrane
MS = The plasma membrane of the egg.
UI = D014817
Vitellogenesis
AN = yolk production & storage in oocyte
MS = The production and storage of yolk in the oocyte which is usually initiated after the first meiotic division.
UI = D014818
Vitellogenin
AN = an egg protein; /biosyn /drug eff /physiol /ultrastruct permitted
MS = A serum and yolk protein which has been characterized as a calcium-binding glycolipophosphoprotein. It is induced by estrogen or juvenile hormone and is essential for yolk formation in various insect species.
UI = D014819
Vitiligo
AN = macular depigmentation
MS = A disorder consisting of areas of macular depigmentation, commonly on extensor aspects of extremities, on the face or neck, and in skin folds. Age of onset is often in young adulthood and the condition tends to progress gradually with lesions enlarging and extending until a quiescent state is reached.
UI = D014820
Vitrectomy
AN = do not use /util except by MeSH definition
MS = Removal of the whole or part of the vitreous body in treating endophthalmitis, diabetic retinopathy, retinal detachment, intraocular foreign bodies, and some types of glaucoma.
UI = D014821
Vitreous Body
AN = between the lens & the retina; same as vitreous humor; /surg: consider also VITRECTOMY; VITREOUS DETACHMENT is available; opacities, muscae volitantes & other dis are indexed VITREOUS BODY (IM) and EYE DISEASES (IM)
MS = The transparent gel that fills the inner portion of the eyeball between the lens (LENS, CRYSTALLINE) and the RETINA. (Dorland, 27th ed)
UI = D014822
Vitreous Detachment
MS = Detachment of the corpus vitreum (VITREOUS BODY) from its normal attachments, especially the retina, due to shrinkage from degenerative or inflammatory conditions, trauma, myopia, or senility.
UI = D020255
Vitreous Hemorrhage
AN = hemorrh into vitreous body
MS = Hemorrhage into the vitreous body.
UI = D014823
Vitronectin
AN = a glycoprotein
MS = A blood plasma glycoprotein that mediates cell adhesion and interacts with proteins of the complement, coagulation, and fibrinolytic cascade. (From Segen, Dictionary of Modern Medicine, 1992)
UI = D019096
Vivisection
UI = D014824
Vocabulary
AN = a person's stock of words; do not use for nomenclature ( = NOMENCLATURE) or for THESAURUS see VOCABULARY, CONTROLLED; no qualif
MS = The sum or the stock of words used by a language, a group, or an individual. (From Webster, 3d ed)
UI = D014825
Vocabulary, Controlled
AN = no qualif
MS = A means of access to information (including bibliographic records, factual data, images, collections, etc.) limited to a specified list of terms with a fixed and unalterable meaning, and from which a selection is made when cataloging, indexing, or searching books, journals, and other documents. The control is intended to avoid the scattering of related subjects under different headings. The list may be altered or extended only by the publisher or issuing agency. (From Harrod's Librarians' Glossary, 7th ed, p163)
UI = D018875
Vocal Cord Paralysis
MS = Paralysis of one or both of the vocal cords.
UI = D014826
Vocal Cords
AN = inflammation = LARYNGITIS
MS = The folds of mucous membrane along either wall of the larynx from the angle between the laminae of the thyroid cartilage to the vocal process of the arytenoid cartilage.
UI = D014827
Vocalization, Animal
MS = Vocal sounds used in animal communication.
UI = D014828
Vocational Education
MS = Education for specific trades or occupations.
UI = D014829
Vocational Guidance
AN = consider also APTITUDE or APTITUDE TESTS
MS = Systematic efforts to assist individuals in selecting an occupation or suitable employment on the basis of aptitude, education, etc.
UI = D014830
Voice
AN = human only: for animal use VOCALIZATION, ANIMAL
MS = The sounds produced by humans by the passage of air through the larynx and over the vocal cords, and then modified by the resonance organs, the nasopharynx, and the mouth.
UI = D014831
Voice Disorders
AN = disord of pitch, volume or quality; available also is HOARSENESS
MS = Disorders of voice pitch, loudness, or quality.
UI = D014832
Voice Quality
MS = Voice quality is that component of speech which gives the primary distinction to a given speaker's voice when pitch and loudness are excluded. It involves both phonatory and resonatory characteristics. Some of the descriptions of voice quality are harshness, breathiness and nasality.
UI = D014833
Voice Training
AN = no qualif
UI = D014834
Volatilization
AN = NIM
UI = D014835
Volcanic Eruption
AN = specify geog
MS = The ash, dust, gases, and lava released by volcanic explosion. The gases are volatile matter composed principally of about 90% water vapor, and carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide, hydrogen, carbon monoxide, and nitrogen. The ash or dust is pyroclastic ejecta and lava is molten extrusive material consisting mainly of magnesium silicate. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)
UI = D018707
Volition
MS = Voluntary activity without external compulsion.
UI = D014836
Voluntary Health Agencies
AN = IM; coord with specific pertinent med specialty (IM); TN 174: definition & use CATALOG: /geog /form; /societies = SPEC /societies (as PSYCHIATRY /societies)
MS = Non-profit organizations concerned with various aspects of health, e.g., education, promotion, treatment, services, etc.
UI = D014837
Voluntary Workers
MS = Persons who donate their services.
UI = D014838
Volvocida
AN = an order of freshwater protozoa
MS = An order of plantlike, flagellate protozoa commonly found in freshwater habitats. Characteristics include the presence of a cellulose wall and two-to-four equal, smooth, apical flagella.
UI = D016823
Vomeronasal Organ
AN = in the nasal cavity within the septum
MS = A specialized part of the olfactory system located anteriorly in the nasal cavity within the nasal septum. Chemosensitive cells of the vomeronasal organ project via the vomeronasal nerve to the accessory olfactory bulb. The primary function of this organ appears to be in sensing pheromones which regulate reproductive and other social behaviors. While the structure has been thought absent in higher primate adults, data now suggests it may be present in adult humans.
UI = D019147
Vomiting
AN = /chem ind: consider also EMETICS; /drug ther: consider also ANTIEMETICS; Jamaican vomiting sickness: index PLANT POISONING + HYPOGLYCINS /pois
MS = The forcible expulsion of the contents of the stomach through the mouth.
UI = D014839
Vomiting, Anticipatory
AN = in anticipation of discomfort or unpleasantness; do not use /chem ind in cancer chemother: prefer /etiol, /psychol, etc.
MS = Vomiting caused by expectation of discomfort or unpleasantness.
UI = D014840
von Willebrand Factor
AN = DF: VWF
MS = A high-molecular-weight plasma protein, produced by endothelial cells and megakaryocytes, that is part of the factor VIII/von Willebrand factor complex. The von Willebrand factor has receptors for collagen, platelets, and ristocetin activity as well as the immunologically distinct antigenic determinants. It functions in adhesion of platelets to collagen and hemostatic plug formation. The prolonged bleeding time in von Willebrand's disease is due to the deficiency of this factor.
UI = D014841
von Willebrand Disease
AN = do not coord with INFANT, NEWBORN, DISEASES CATALOG: do not use /in inf
MS = Group of hemorrhagic disorders in which the von Willebrand factor (Factor VIII-related antigen) is either quantitatively or qualitatively abnormal. They are usually inherited as an autosomal dominant trait though rare kindreds are autosomal recessive. Symptoms vary depending on severity and disease type but may include prolonged bleeding time, deficiency of factor VIII, and impaired platelet adhesion.
UI = D014842
Voyeurism
MS = A paraphilia characterized by repetitive looking at unsuspecting people, usually strangers, who are either naked, in the act of disrobing, or engaging in sexual activity, as the method for achieving sexual excitement.
UI = D014843
Vulva
AN = inflammation = VULVITIS
UI = D014844
Vulvar Diseases
AN = inflamm dis = VULVITIS
MS = Diseases of the vulva.
UI = D014845
Vulvar Neoplasms
AN = /blood supply /chem /second /secret /ultrastruct permitted; coord IM with histol type of neopl (IM)
UI = D014846
Vulvitis
AN = inflamm of vulva
MS = Inflammation of the vulva. (Dorland, 27th ed)
UI = D014847
Vulvovaginitis
AN = inflamm of vulva & vagina
MS = Inflammation of the vulva and vagina or vulvovaginal glands. (Dorland, 27th ed)
UI = D014848