Glossary of Bio-Medical Terms

Y

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Y Chromosome

AN = A 11 qualif except /cytol /transpl; /genet permitted; abnorm: coord IM with SEX CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITIES (IM) or specific dis (IM) + SEX CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITIES (NIM)

MS = The male sex chromosome, being the differential sex chromosome carried by half the male gametes and none of the female gametes in man and in some other male-heterogametic species in which the homologue of the X chromosome has been retained.

UI = D014998

 

Yaba Monkey Tumor Virus

AN = a species of Yatapoxvirus; infection: coord IM with POXVIRIDAE INFECTIONS (IM) + TUMOR VIRUS INFECTIONS (IM); DF: note short X ref

MS = The type species of YATAPOXVIRUS, a tumor-producing DNA virus discovered in monkeys in Yaba, Nigeria. It has been found to produce histiocytomas in monkeys and humans.

UI = D014999

 

Yang Deficiency

AN = a lack of vital energy in yin-yang system; IM; coord with clin manifest (IM) or precoord organ/dis term (IM); DF: YANG DEFIC

MS = In the yin-yang system of philosophy and medicine, a lack of vital energy (called yangxu in Chinese). It manifests itself in various systemic and organic diseases. (The Pinyin Chinese-English Dictionary, 1979)

UI = D016711

 

Yatapoxvirus

AN = a genus of the subfamily Chordopoxvirinae; from YAba (Nigeria) + TAna (Tana River, Kenya); infection: coord IM with POXVIRIDAE INFECTIONS (IM) + TUMOR VIRUS INFECTIONS (IM)

MS = A genus of the family POXVIRIDAE, subfamily CHORDOPOXVIRINAE, causing tumors in primates. The type species is YABA MONKEY TUMOR VIRUS.

UI = D018158

 

Yawning

MS = An involuntary deep inspiration with the mouth open, often accompanied by the act of stretching.

UI = D015000

 

Yaws

AN = caused by Treponema pallidum subsp. pertenue

MS = A systemic non-venereal infection of the tropics caused by Treponema pallidum subspecies pertenue.

UI = D015001

 

Yeast, Dried

AN = when brewer's or baker's yeast is given as therapy, index here; when the yeast is the source of matter in enzyme or other metab studies, index as SACCHAROMYCES CEREVISIAE

MS = The dry cells of any suitable strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae or Candida utilis. It can be obtained as a by-product from the brewing of beer or by growing on media not suitable for beer production. Dried yeast serves as a source of protein and vitamin B complex.

UI = D015002

 

Yeasts

AN = not for "yeast" ( = YEAST, DRIED; see note there); most "yeast infections" = CANDIDIASIS or specific but if general or unspecified yeast infect, index under MYCOSES

MS = A general term for single-celled rounded fungi that reproduce by budding. Brewers' and bakers' yeasts are SACCHAROMYCES CEREVISIAE; therapeutic dried yeast is YEAST, DRIED.

UI = D015003

 

Yellow Fever

AN = caused by a flavivirus

MS = An acute infectious disease primarily of the tropics, caused by a virus and transmitted to man by mosquitoes of the genera Aedes and Haemagogus.

UI = D015004

 

Yellow Fever Virus

AN = a species of Flavivirus; infection = YELLOW FEVER

MS = The type species of the Flavivirus genus. Principal vector transmission to humans is by Aedes spp. mosquitoes.

UI = D015005

 

Yemen

UI = D015006

 

Yersinia

AN = a generic name sometimes applied to species of PASTEURELLA; infect = YERSINIA INFECTIONS but YERSINIA PESTIS infect = PLAGUE

MS = A genus of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic rod- to coccobacillus-shaped bacteria that occurs in a broad spectrum of habitats.

UI = D015007

 

Yersinia enterocolitica

AN = infection: coord IM with YERSINIA INFECTIONS (IM)

MS = A species of the genus YERSINIA, isolated from both man and animal. It is a frequent cause of bacterial gastroenteritis in children.

UI = D015008

 

Yersinia Infections

AN = gram-neg bact infect; Yersinia pestis infect = PLAGUE; Yersinia pseudotuberculosis infect = YERSINIA PSEUDOTUBERCULOSIS INFECTIONS

MS = Infections with bacteria of the genus YERSINIA.

UI = D015009

 

Yersinia pestis

AN = infection = PLAGUE

MS = The etiologic agent of PLAGUE in man, rats, ground squirrels, and other rodents.

UI = D015010

 

Yersinia pseudotuberculosis

AN = note category; infect = YERSINIA PSEUDOTUBERCULOSIS INFECTIONS

MS = A human and animal pathogen causing mesenteric lymphadenitis, diarrhea, and bacteremia.

UI = D015011

 

Yersinia pseudotuberculosis Infections

MS = Infections with bacteria of the species YERSINIA PSEUDOTUBERCULOSIS.

UI = D015012

 

 

Yin-Yang

AN = IM; yang exuberance syndrome can go here, defic syndromes: index YIN DEFICIENCY or YANG DEFICIENCY: see notes there

MS = In Chinese philosophy and religion, two principles, one negative, dark, and feminine (yin) and one positive, bright, and masculine (yang), from whose interaction all things are produced and all things are dissolved. As a concept the two polar elements referred originally to the shady and sunny sides of a valley or a hill but it developed into the relationship of any contrasting pair: those specified above (female-male, etc.) as well as cold-hot, wet-dry, weak-strong, etc. It is not a distinct system of thought by itself but permeates Chinese life and thought. A balance of yin and yang is essential to health. A deficiency of either principle can manifest as disease. (Encyclopedia Americana)

UI = D016709

 

Yin Deficiency

AN = a lack of body fluid in yin-yang system; IM; coord with clin manifest (IM) or precoord organ/dis term (IM); DF: YIN DEFIC

MS = In the yin-yang system of philosophy and medicine, an insufficiency of body fluid (called yinxu), manifesting often as irritability, thirst, constipation, etc. (The Pinyin Chinese-English Dictionary, 1979).

UI = D016710

 

 

 

 

Yoga

AN = IM; specify geog if pertinent CATALOG: /geog /form; do not use /pop wks

MS = A major orthodox system of Hindu philosophy based on Sankhya (metaphysical dualism) but differing from it in being theistic and characterized by the teaching of raja-yoga as a practical method of liberating the self. It includes a system of exercises for attaining bodily or mental control and well-being with liberation of the self and union with the universal spirit. (From Webster, 3d ed)

UI = D015013

 

Yogurt

MS = A slightly acid milk food produced by fermentation due to the combined action of Lactobacillus acidophilus and Streptococcus thermophilus.

UI = D015014

 

Yohimbans

AN = alkaloids

UI = D015015

 

Yohimbine

AN = a Rauwolfia alkaloid

MS = A plant alkaloid with alpha-2-adrenergic blocking activity. Yohimbine has been used as a mydriatic and in the treatment of impotence. It is also alleged to be an aphrodisiac.

UI = D015016

 

Yolk Sac

AN = "sometimes called vitelline sac": do not confuse with VITELLINE MEMBRANE; mammal (including human) & non-mammal

MS = An embryonic membrane formed from endoderm and mesoderm. In reptiles and birds it incorporates the yolk into the digestive tract for nourishing the embryo. In placental mammals its nutritional function is vestigial; however, it is the source of most of the intestinal mucosa and the site of formation of the germ cells. It is sometimes called the vitelline sac, which should not be confused with the vitelline membrane of the egg.

UI = D015017

 

Ytterbium

AN = a rare earth metal; Yb-174; Yb-168, 170-173, 176 = YTTERBIUM (IM) + ISOTOPES (NIM); Yb-164-167, 169, 175, 177 = YTTERBIUM (IM) + RADIOISOTOPES (IM)

MS = Ytterbium. An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Yb, atomic number 70, and atomic weight 173. Ytterbium has been used in lasers and as a portable x-ray source.

UI = D015018

 

Yttrium

AN = a rare earth metal; Y-89

MS = An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Y, atomic number 39, and atomic weight 88.91. In conjunction with other rare earths, yttrium is used as a phosphor in television receivers and is a component of the yttrium-aluminum garnet (YAG) lasers.

UI = D015019

 

Yttrium Isotopes

AN = Y-89; NIM; no qualif

MS = Stable yttrium atoms that have the same atomic number as the element yttrium, but differ in atomic weight. Y-89 is the only naturally occurring stable isotope of yttrium.

UI = D015020

 

Yttrium Radioisotopes

AN = Y-82-88, 90-96; NIM; /blood-csf-urine /metab permitted but not for tracer studies ( = /diag use)

MS = Unstable isotopes of yttrium that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. Y atoms with atomic weights 82-88 and 90-96 are radioactive yttrium isotopes.

UI = D015021

 

Yugoslavia

AN = see tree for YUGOSLAVIA as an Eastern European nation & indentions as a historical entity

MS = Created as the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes in 1918. Yugoslavia became the official name in 1929. BOSNIA-HERZEGOVINA, CROATIA, and SLOVENIA formed independent countries and split from Yugoslavia 7 April 1992. Macedonia, one of the Yugoslav republics, became an independent country 8 February 1994 as The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia (MACEDONIA (REPUBLIC)).

UI = D015022

 

 

 

Yukon Territory

AN = a division of northwest Canada

MS = A territory of northwest Canada, bounded on the north by the Arctic Ocean, on the south by British Columbia, and on the west by Alaska. Its capital is Whitehorse. It takes its name from the Yukon River, the Indian yu-kun-ah, meaning big river. (From Webster's New Geographical Dictionary, 1988, p1367 & Room, Brewer's Dictionary of Names, 1992, p608)

UI = D015874